US965896A - Organ-pipe. - Google Patents

Description

W. E. HASKELL. l

RGAN PIPE.

APPLICATION FILED KAB. 3,1909. 965,896. x Patented Aug. 2,1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W. E. HASKELL.

ORGAN PIPE.

APPLIOATXON FILED MAR.3,1909

Patented Aug. 2, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Risi

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.I

WILLIAM E. HASKELL, 0F BBATTLEBOEO. VERMONT, ASSIGNOR T9 ESTEY OBGAN COMPANY, OF BBATTLEBORO, VERMONT, A. CORPORATION 0F VERMONT.

ORGAN-PIPE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 2, 1910.

Application filed Hex-ch 3, 1909. Serial No. 481,018.

To all 'whom lit 'may concern: p

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. Haenen., of Brattleboro, in the county of lVmdham and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Im rovelnents in Organ- Pipes, of which the ollowing is a speclhcation.

The special object of the present invention is to enable open or an pi es to produce tones of low pitch wit out eleteriously affecting the tonal quality and wlth a much shorter length than has heretofore been necessary. i

It has from the earliest period 1n the hlstory of organ pipes been well known that increasing the length of the pipe lowered the pitch and that a tone of the octa've below a given noteinvolved a pipe having' double the speaking length. This acoustic law has necessitated the use of very long plpes 1n order to produce notes of low pitch. Tn an organ of any capacity open pipes giving a sixteen-foot tone must be employed, involving a speaking length of approximately sixteen feet. There are many situations, however, in which it is desired to use pipe 0rgans in which there is not ava-llableroom for pipes of such length. Of course 1t 1s well known that stopped pipes of a given length produce the octave below open pipes of the same length, but stoppred pipes give a different quality of tone om open pipes, with inferior carrying power, so that they cannot be used for the lower octaves of a set or stop of pipes the upper octavos of which are composed of open pipes. Heretofore, therefore, in order to employ open pipes of greater length than the helght of the apartment in which the organ 1s placed, 1t has been necessary to miter the plpes, which is an expensive construction taking up much room and apprecie-bly aiiecting the quality of the tone.

Open pipes made in accordance with the present invention give the desired low pitch with a lengt-h materially less than heretofore employed, and preserve the desired tonal quality and, in fact, with added carrying power and sonorit-y, the tone being notably more resonant and pervading than that of the orthodox full length pipe. Other advantages of the new pi es will be set forth in connection with the t @tailed descri tion thereof.

T e present improvements are applicable both to wood and to metal pipes and are illustrated in the accompanying drawings in connection with both.

In the accompanying drawings-Figure 1, is a lon 'tudinal section of a wood pipe constructe in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2, is a cross-section thereof. Fig. 3, is a perspective of the top of the pipe. Fig. 4, is a detailed view showing one way of tuning. Fig. 5, is a longitudinal section of a metal pipe. section thereof. Fig. 7, is an enlarged detailed section of the top of the pipe. Fig. 8, is a cross-section through the tuner.

There is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a wood organ pipe, the one selected for illustration belonging to the open diapason stop. The eneral construction of the pipe may be identical with that of an ordinary wood pi e except as hereinafter described. For t e sake of identification, the wall A, of the pi 1n which the mouth a, is located will hee designated as the front wall; B, is the rear wall, and C, and D, are the two side walls. The distance between the front and rear walls is the depth of the pipe and the distance between the two side walls is the width of the pipe. In case the pipe is to give a particular tone, the depth and width of the pipe will be the same as if the pipe were to be of the full length heretofore employed for givin such a tone. The pipe is divided longitudinally by means of a. partition E, which extends across the pipe between the two side walls C, and D. This partition divides the pipe into two chambers F, and G, and for identification these will be referred to as the main chamber and the complementary chamber, respectivel The main chamber F, has an open top if; whereas the complementary chamber G, has a closed top I. s illustrated, the side walls C,and D, extend upwardly for the full depth of the pipe to the top of the complementary chamber` but the front wall A, does not extend to the full height of the complementary chamber. The effective height, therefore, of the main chamber, is determined by the top of the front wall A, subect to the qualitying efect of the upwardly extendin side walls. The side walls C, and D, so ar as they constitute the side walls of the main chamber F, might extend no hi her than the top of the front wall A, in w lich case the front wall would be somewhathigher. Now,

Fig. 6, is a cross- ,length of the Vcomp `front wall A,- to thebottom J, of the g senseo thc speaking length of this pipe is equal to that of an open pipe whose length is the same as that of the main chamber h', lus that of the complement-ary chamber In determining this agn'egate len th thc length of the main chum er from t 1e top of .the PIPE, is to be reckoned and also the len h o the complementary chamber from the o ttpm to the top of the partitlon E. The partitlon E, can be carried down as low as the plane of the top of the mouth a, so that the pitch of the pipe can be as low, almost, as .that of an open pipe of nearly twl'certhe height. For example, if there is taken as the standard an open pipe of therspeaklng length of elght feet, namely, CC, 4by the employement of the l closed top complementary chamber a tone can be produce of the pitch of CQC sharp, with the same total length of pipe ,above the bottom4 J. The complementary chamber need not be used of the maximum length but can be of varyin lengths, 1n which case pipes of .the same height will glue diijerent, pitches, ...depending upon the ement-ary chamber. zThus, the lower octave of a set or stop of ppescan be composed of pipes all of the Asame length,'their differing pitches dependingupon the length of the complementa-ry chamber.

-.of thepipe, it is desirable that the comp e-4 meutary chamber should be at the rear of the-pipe and this is imperative in case the partition extends near the plane of the mout-h if the quality of tone is to be preserved. Accord1ngly, as `unmet-ter of prac-v tice, the closedtop complementary chamber is nniformlyat the rear of the pipe and the open tpp main chamber is at the front.-

The partition E, should divide thc pipe in half vso that the areas of the com lementa-ry chamber. and of the main chamber on the opposite sides are equal. The compiementary chamber should extend above the top of the main chamber to an extent equal to the Width of the pipe. That is to say, if the width of the pipe is fourteen inches, then the vertical distance between the under side of the complementary chamber to I, and the upper edge of the front wall should be fourteen inches.

In order to obtain a desired resonance and souority of tone a. harmonic bridge b, with a. curved face, opposite the mouth a, may be employed; but it 1s not necessary.

plpe thus constructed has the same quality of tone as an open to pipe of the sume yoicing and 1f the comp ementary chamber 1s of approximately7 maximum length it gives a tone of the same pitch as an ordinaryxr o en to) pipe of nearly double the lengt :nove tlc bottom J, while preserving the salue area in crosssection. For example, a pipe nine feet six inches high above the bottom J,l .au 'vc the same pitch as an orthodox pipe sixteen feet hi h above said bottom. At the same time, tie new wood pipe has important structural and mechanlcal advantages. With an ordinary open top pipe giving a sixteen-foot tone, for example, thc wooden walls must be of substantial thickness in order to avoid independent vibration thereof which would affect the tonal quality, thus rendering the pipe of great weight, diflicult to handle, and expensive to construct on account. of the quantity of wood employed. 1n case of thc present new pipes the partition E, stiti'ens and strengthens the ipe so that thinner wood can be employe than in the case of a pipe having the same physical lengt-h and hence materially less wood is employed than in case of the ordinary open plpe having the same pitch.

The pipe is tuned by varvingthe eiective length of the partition at its bottom. There is shown in Fig. 4, an ordinary tuning slide K, at the bottom of the partition, with an upwardly extending rod c, which extends upward through the main chamber F, and accessible through the open top thereof. This tuner K, constitutes the eflfective bottom of the complementary cham- Open metal pipes can also be constructed on the same principles and a metal pipe is shown in Figs to 8 of the drawings. As shown in these figures the body L, is cylindrical in cross-section and the comple mentary chamber M, is cylindrical in crosssection. Both body and complementary chamber are made of the usual metallic composition used in making metal pipes. The area of the complementary chamber in crossscction is one-half the area of the body L, in cross-section, so that the area of the complementary chamber is substantially equal to the area of the main chamber F, which section is oncl1alf the arca of the body L, which surrounds the complementary chamber. Since thin metal may bc used for the com Iementary chamber the space occupied by t 1e circular complementa ry chamber wall may be neglected in the calculation of the areas. The body7 L. and hence the main chamber I", is open at the top and is of the same height throughout its periphery. The complementary chamber has a closed top I, and the complementary chamber cxtcnds, as shown, above the main chamber to a. distance one-half the diameter of the body L. Tha-t. is to say, thc vertical distance between the top ofthe body L, and the .under face of the complementary chamber top I, is one-half the internal diameter of the body. The complement-ary chamber may be placed either centrally 0r ecccn trically within the body L. The 'eccentric arrangement is shown. The complementary chamber is supported within the body by means of a hook (l, fastened to the outer wall of the said chamber which engages the top edge of the body L, and determines the proper vertical position of the comple mentary chamber with respect to the main chamber. A spring e, fastened to the outer wall of the complementary chamber bears against the interior wall of the body, thereby holding the complementary chamber in place and preventin any lateral vibration or rattling thereo The ipe is tuned by varying the effective lengt of the complementary chamber at its lower o cn end. As shown, an ordinary split siding tuning sleeve N, is employed, frictionally embracing the lower open end of the complen1entary chamber and having secured thereto a vertically extending rod f, which extends above the body L, where it is readily accessble for raising and lowering the tuning sleeve.

TWhen the eccentric com lementary chamber is employed it is pre erably located at the rear of the pipe, as shown in the drawings, especially when the complementary chamber is a. long one reaching down close to the mouth a. It is desirabie to employ a harmonic bridge b, with the metal pipe, but it may be omitted.

A articular shape of the complementary cham er in cross-section is not essential for either the wood or the metal pipe. In fact, a cylindrical metal complementary chamber can be practically used with a wood pipe rectangular in cross-section. Vihatcvcr the shape or location of the complementary chamber may be, however, it is im )ortant that its area in cross-section should e sub stantially equal to the arca of the open top main chamber.

The projection of the complementary chamber above the main chamber F, is not subject to an arbitrary rule, but depends to some extent on the quality of tone rodnced, as well as to the treatment gwen the pipe at the month. Diii'crences in the height of this projection above the main chamber F, may be compensated for by adjust-ment of bridge.

To further aid in an understanding of the invention, the exact details will be iven of two pipes (one wood, the other meta of CC pitch, giving an eight foot tone. Poplar is a suitable wood. The exterior walls A, B,C, D, are three-fourths (3/4) of an inch thick. The partition E, is three cighths (3/8) of an inch thick. The height of the open main chamber F, from the upper face of the bottom J, to the upper edge of the front wall is four (4) feet, one and one-half (1%) inches. The height of the complementary chamber G, from the bottom edge of the partition E, to the under face of the top I, 1s three (3) feet, five and three-fourths (5B/4) inches. The de th of the pipe is six and threeeighths 63/8) inches, and the width is five and one-eighth (5 1/8) inches. The vertical distance between the up r edge of the front A, and the bottom of t e top I, is ive and one-eighth (5 1/8) inches. The height of the mouth a., is one-fourth (1/4) of the width of the pipe. The diameter of the bridge b, is the same as the height of the mouth. The effective speaking length of the pipe is the snm of the heights of the two chambers namely, seven (7) feet, seven and one-fourth (7 1/4) inches. This pipe gives the same pitch as ordinary ope-n pipes of the same width and depth and seven (7) feet,

nine (9) inches hi h; the difference in effective lenth being ue to the shading or fiatt-ing e ect of the brid e b, and of the complementary chamber. the case of a metal pi e, theheight of the main chamber is four (4]) feet, two (2) inches; and of the complementary chamber, three 3) feet, nine and onefourth (9 1/4)inches,g1ving a total speaking length of seven (7) feet, eleven and onefourth (11 1/4) inches. The internal diameter of the pipe is four and one-fourth (4 1/4) inches; and of the complementary chamber two and fifteen-sixteenths (2 15/16) inches. The vertical distance between the top of the body L, and the under face of the to I, is two and onceigl1th (2 1/8) inches. Tlilc Walls of both pipe and chamber are three sixty-fourths (3/64) of an inch thick. The height of the month is one-third (1 /3) its width, and its width is tWo-ninths (2/9) the circumference of the pipe. The diameter of the bridge is the height of the month. Zinc is the meta-l used. Such a pipe has the same pitch as an o en metal pipe of the same ldiageter and eig it (8) feet, one (l) inch The foregoing details are taken from pipes in commercial use in organs made under the direction of myself.

1. An open wood organ pipe having its mouth in its front wall, a partition extcnding between the side Walls of the pipe from a point above the month to a lane above the front wall equal to the width of thc pipe, and a top extendingl from the partition to the rear wall and between the side walls, thereby forminp,r a closed top complementary chamber at thc rcnr of the pipe.

2. An open wood organ pipo having.,r n stitlcning partition extcndin y' between its two side walls and dividing t 1e pipe into a front open top main chamber having the pipe-month at its front and a complementary chamber nt the rear, said complementary chamber having a closed top and an o en bottom communicating with said main c amber.

3. An open wood organ pi e having a stii'ening partition extending etween two of its walls and dividing the pipe into an open top main chamber and a complementary chamber, said'complement-ary chamber having a closed top-and an open bottom communicating with said main chamber.

4. An open wood organ pipe having a partition extending between two of its walls and dividing the pipe into a. main chamber having the pipe-mouth at its front side and a complementary `chamberof different' length' at the rear, said complementary chamber having an open bottom above the pipe-mouth and communicating with said main chamber.

5. An open wood organ pipe having a stifening artition extending between two of its wal s and dividing the pipe into a main chamber and a complementary chamber, said complementary chamber having a closed top and an open bottom above the pipe-mouth communicating with said main chamber. I

6. An organ pipe having an open top main chamber, a c osed top complementary chamber communicating at its lower end with said main chamber, a tuner at the lower end of said complementary chamber, and means accessible through the open top of said main chamber for adjusting said tuner.

l7. An organ pipe having an open top main chamber, a complementary chamber communicating at its lowerend with said main chamber,4 a tuner at the lower end of said complementary chamber, and means accessible through the open top of said main chamber for adjusting4 said tuner.

8. An organ pipe having a main chamber, a complementary chamber communicating at its lower vend with said main chamber, and a tuner at the lower endof said complementary chamber.

9. An organ pipe having a main chamber, a complementary chamber communicating with said main chamber, and a ,tn/ner at the communication between Said complemelitary c hamber'and main chamber. 4

10. An organ pipe having an open top main chamber, a. closed top complementary chamber vcommunicating with said -mlan chamber at its lower end, a mouth belowithe bottom of said complementary chamber, and a harmonic bridge with a curved face opposite said mouth.

1 1. An organ pipe'having an open top main chamber, a closed top complementary chamber communi.catin, y` with said l main chamber at its lower end, a mouth bel-o'rLt-ln` bottom of said complementary chamber, and*` a harmonic bridge oppositesaid mouth. v

12. An organ pipe having a main chamber, a complementary chamber communicating with said main chamber, a pipe-mouth below the opening of said complementary chamber into the main chamber, and a harmonic bridge with a curved face opposite said mouth.

13. An organ pipe having an open top main chamber and a closed top complemein tary chamber of substantially equal area in cross-section, said complementary chamber communicating at its lower end with said main chamber.

14. An organ pipe having an open top main'chamber and a closed top complementary chamber of substantially equal area i1 cross-section, said complementary chamber communicating with said main 4chamber above the pipe-mouth.

15. An organ pipe having ,a main chamber with the pipe-mouth in its front wall and a complementary chamber of substantially equal area in cross section, said complementary chamber communicating with said main chamber below the top thereof and above the pipe-mouth.

16. An organ pipe having an open top main chamber, and a closed top complementary chamber communicating with said main chamber at its lower end and extendY ing at itsl closed end above the open top of said chamber.

17. An organ pipe having an open top mainchamber and a closed top complem'ew tary chamber communicating with said main chamber below its top and above the pipe-month and extending above the open top of said main chamber.

1S. An organ pipe havingan open' top main chamber and a closed top complemen- :tary chamber communicatingk at its lower end with said main chamber below the top thereof.

19. An organ 4pipe having a main cham ber and a closed top complementary chamber communicating at itsf'lower end with said main chamber below the top thereof.

20. A n organ pipe having an open top main chamber and a closed tcp complementary chainber communicating with said main chamber below thetop thereof.

21. An organ pipe having a main cham ber and a complementary chamber of ditferent lengths but substantiallyequal area in cross sectioin-said complementary chamber communicatingr with jsaid main chamber above the pipe-mouth Iand below the top of the main chamber. ...F-

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnessee'.

WILLIAM E. HASKETJ. Witnesses:

ELEC. Fnn'r,

5' L. W. Hawmaxt

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