US965898A - Organ-pipe. - Google Patents

Description

W. E. HASKELL.

ORGAN PIPE.

APPLICATION FILED MAB. a, 1909.

Patented Aug. 2, 1910.

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WILLIAM E. HASKELL, OF BRA'ITLEBORO, VERMONT, ASSIGNOB, 'IO ESTEY ORGAN COMPANY, OF BRATTLEBORO, VERMONT, A CORPORATION OF VERMONT.

ORGAN-PIPE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. ITASKELL, of Brattleboro, in the county of Windham and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Organ-Pipes, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention is based upon the discovery that certain tonal effects can be produced in labial organ pipes by providing them with qualifying complementary chambers which effects have heretofore only been secured by the employment of reeds.

For the purpose of explaining the invention, there will be described a labial organ pipe embodying the principles thereof which produces a clarinet tone. Such pipe is illustrated in the accompanying drawings where- 1n Figure l is a front view of the pipe. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section. Fig. 3 is a detailed front view on an enlarged scale illustrating the means for altering the fundamental pitch of the pipe for tuning purposes. Fig. 4 is a cross section.

Certain of the features of the illustrated pipe are the same as those set forth in United States Letters Patent No. 871,272, November 19, 1907, these similar parts being those from the bottom of the pipe up to the place of its maximum diameter indicated at the point a". The body A of the pipe tapers and diverges gradually from the mouth C at its lower end up to this point an. The pipe is shown with a foot B having a toe a and port Z2. Below the mouth is a cup E and opposite the mouth is a draft bridge F. In these respects the pipe is like that of said patent.

The improvement resides in the qualifying complementary chamber G and its relation to the main chamber of the pipeand in the tunin appliances.

The bo y A of the pipe terminates, so far as its fundamental pitch is concerned, at the vertically elongated lateral opening d. The portion of the pipe from this opening down to the bottom constitutes the main chamber of the pipe. The pipe is extended above this opening d to constitute the qualifying complementary chamber G. This surmounting and communicating complementary chamber may be in one piece with the mam chamber of the pipe, but for convenience of manufacture the two chambers are made in Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 9, 1909.

Patented Aug. 2, 1.910.

Serial No. 482,211.

two pieces united in any usual Way em ployed in connection with metallic organ pipes, so as to constitute a substantially integral pipe. The entire pipe is made of the ordinary metallic compositions used in the manufacture of organ pipes. Both chambers are circular in cross section except where the body is flattened at the mouth. The complementary chamber is open at its top as shown at e, in Fig. 2. The complementary chamber G tapers from bottom to top, substantially as illustrated. As shown, there is a double convergence, the convergence being gradual or slight for about twothirds of the distance above the top of the lateral opening (Z, and being greater or more abrupt for the remainder of the height. The complementary chamber can thus be regarded as having a gradual converging or tapering body and a conical open top.

The two chambers require independent tuning. The complementary chamber is tuned in a customary manner by means of a tuning slit 7', and a tuning roll 9. The main chamber is tuned by means of a split sliding timing sleeve H which friction-ally embraces the part of the pipe where the two chambers join. This tuning sleeve has an upwardly extending rod 71, for moving it and it is provided with a circular lateral opening h, which is opposite the elongated slot d. The vertical elongation of the slot (Z, affords opportunity for an adequate range of adjustment.

The fundamental pitch of the pipe is determined by the opening h, in the tuning sleeve; while the pitch of the complementary chamber itself is determined by the effective distance between the opening h, and the top of the tuning roll 9.

The effective acoustic height of the complementary chamber is one-half of that of the speaking or acoustic length of the main chamber. Mechanically, the height of the complementary chamber is more than onehalf the height of the main chamber, and substantially in the proportion shown in the drawings. This difference between the relative acoustic and mechanical lengths is due to the flatting effect of the tapering shape of the complementary chamber.

In the case of the pipe producing the clarinet tone, certain characteristics are important. The diameter of the opening 71., at the union or junction of the two chambers, should be the same as the width of the mouth 0 and, as shown, it is substantially two-thirds the diameter of the pipe at the point where it is located. The tone of the clarinet is composed of a fundamental vibration qualified mainly by the unevenly numbered harmonios, the most prominent of which is the fifth above its octave.

With the present improved pipe provided with the opening it, of the size shown, there is a combination both of the evenly and unevenly numbered harmonics; and the unevenly numbered harmonics which are characteristic of the clarinet are due to the qualifying complementary chamber.

I claim 1. A metallic organ pipe having a main chamber surmounted by and communicating with an open top qualifying complementary chamber, the pipe having a lateral circular opening at the junction of said chambers, of a diameter substantially equal to the width of the mouth of the pipe, the complementary chamber tapering upwardly and converging first gradually and then more abruptly, and the effective acoustic height of the complementary chamber being one-half of that of the speaking length of the main chamber.

2. An organ pipe having a main chamber surmounted by and communicating with an open top qualifying complementary chamber, the pipe having a lateral opening of a width substantially equal to the width of the mouth of the pipe, the complementary chamber tapering upwardly and converging first gradually and then more abruptly, and the effective acoustic height of the complementary chamber being onehalf of that of the speaking length of the main chamber.

3. An organ pipe having a main chamber surmounted by and communicating with an open-top qualifying complementary chamber, the pipe having a lateral opening at the junction of said chambers, the complementary chamber tapering upwardly and converging first gradually and then more abruptly, and the effective acoustic height of the complementary chamber being onehalf of that of the speaking length of the main chamber.

4:. An organ pipe having a main chamber surmounted by and communicating with an open top qualifying complementary chamher, the ipe having a lateral opening of a Width sugostantially equal to the width of the mouth of the pipe, and the effective acoustic height of the complementary chamber bein one-half of that of the speaking length 0% the main chamber.

5. An organ pipe having a main chamber surmounted by and communicating with a qualifying tapering complementary chamber, the pipe having an ever open lateral. opening determining the speaking length of the mam chamber, and the effective acoustic height of the complementary chamber being one-half of that of the speaking length of the body of the pipe.

6. An organ pipe having a main chamber and a surmounting qualifying complementary chamber constituting an upward extension to the pipe, there being a lateral opening at the union between said chambers, said opening determining the fundamental pitch of the pipe, and separate means for tuning the said two chambers respectively.

7. An organ pipe having a main chamber and a surmounting qualifying con1plementary chamber constituting an upward extension to the pipe, there being a lateral opening at the union between said chambers, said opening determining the fundamental pitch of the pipe, and separate means for independently tuning both the body of the pipe and the qualifying complementary chamber.

8. An organ pipe having a main chamber and a qualifying complementary chamber, there being a lateral opening at the union between said chambers, said opening determining the fundamental pitch of the pipe, and separate means for tuning both of said chambers respectively.

9. An organ pipe having a main chamber and a qualifying complementary chamber and separate means for independently tuning both chambers.

10. An organ pipe having a main chamber with. a mouth at its lower end, a commun'icating qualifying tapering complementary chamber at the top, and an ever open opening where said; chambers join, said opening determining the speaking length of the main chamber, and the complementary chamber having also an opening at its end.

11. A labial organ pi e having a main chamber with a mouth at 1ts side at its lower end, a lateral opening above the mouth, and a qualifying complementary chamber communicating with the main chamber at said lateral opening, said complementary cham ber converging first gradually and then more abruptly.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM E. HASKELL.

Witnesses:

L. W. HAWLEY, O. N. MORAN.

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