US9627893B2 - Electronic management system for electricity generating cells, electricity generating system and method for electronically managing energy flow - Google Patents

Electronic management system for electricity generating cells, electricity generating system and method for electronically managing energy flow Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US9627893B2
US9627893B2 US14/769,349 US201414769349A US9627893B2 US 9627893 B2 US9627893 B2 US 9627893B2 US 201414769349 A US201414769349 A US 201414769349A US 9627893 B2 US9627893 B2 US 9627893B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
management system
electronic management
terminals
energy
output terminals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
US14/769,349
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
US20160006250A1 (en
Inventor
Adrien Ramond
Carlos CARREJO
Youssef EL BASRI
Corrine Alonso
Bruno Estibals
Lionel SEGUIER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
Original Assignee
Total Marketing Services SA
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Total Marketing Services SA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS filed Critical Total Marketing Services SA
Publication of US20160006250A1 publication Critical patent/US20160006250A1/en
Assigned to TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES reassignment TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Carrejo, Carlos, RAMOND, ADRIEN
Assigned to TOTAL S.A. reassignment TOTAL S.A. ASSIGNMENT VIA EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT Assignors: LAINE, Frédéric
Assigned to TOTAL S.A. reassignment TOTAL S.A. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF ASSIGNOR PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 037974 FRAME: 0709. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: El Basri, Youssef
Assigned to CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE reassignment CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALONSO, CORINNE, ESTIBALS, BRUNO, Seguier, Lionel
Assigned to TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES reassignment TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TOTAL SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US9627893B2 publication Critical patent/US9627893B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H02J3/383—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
    • H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electricity generating cells such as photovoltaic generators and more specifically to an electronic management system for electricity generating cells, an electricity generating system and a method for electronically managing energy flow.
  • Standard photovoltaic installations comprise in general a centralized converter which has typically only one input channel able to perform individual Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT).
  • MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking
  • Photovoltaic modules are made of several strings of cells (for example 3 strings in a panel).
  • a string of cells is the serial connection of several photovoltaic cells (for example 32 cells per string in one panel). These strings of cells are serial connected in the photovoltaic junction-box.
  • a by-pass diode can be associated in the photovoltaic junction box. These by-pass diodes arm to prevent damaging of photovoltaic cells when partial shadowing occurs (hot-spot).
  • the photovoltaic modules are then serial connected to rise-up the voltage and match the nominal voltage of the central converter.
  • a solution to this problem might be to use a distributed photovoltaic system architecture.
  • the concept of a distributed photovoltaic system has become possible with the deployment of micro-converters or micro-inverters able to perform MPPT at a photovoltaic module scale (or even a string of photovoltaic modules scale).
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,350,944 relates to a solar module with reconfigurable tile.
  • This document describes a reconfigurable solar cell panel having a system of integrated solar-power generation cells with monitoring control and reconfiguration circuitry in a modular array scheme.
  • a plurality of solar cells is packaged on a printed circuit board to form a solar module, also known as a solar module array configurable tile (SMART) module.
  • SMART solar module array configurable tile
  • a solar panel is made up of a plurality of modules that are electrically connected together.
  • the printed circuit board is the physical support structure for the array of solar cells and provides the electrical connection paths between the solar cells comprising the solar cell module.
  • Each solar cell on the module is part of a matrix of solar cells.
  • a plurality of modules is assembled into a solar panel.
  • WO2008076301 discloses a photovoltaic module utilizing a flex circuit for reconfiguration.
  • WO2009060273 relates to a method of operating and device for controlling an energy installation comprising photovoltaic modules and inverters in which a selection and control unit selects combinations of connections of the photovoltaic modules and controls a switching unit as to establish a selected combination.
  • the present invention aims at mitigating, at least partially, the drawbacks described above, in particular for enhancing power conversion.
  • the invention proposes an electronic management system for electricity generating cells, the system comprising:
  • the electronic management system is versatile to adapt to many different situations.
  • the electronic management system does not interfere with the construction of the electricity generating cells and can be integrated in a simple way in an electricity generating system.
  • the electronic control unit comprises:
  • the electronic control unit is arranged to reconfigure dynamically the switches of said energy routing module in function of the output of said first and second sensors.
  • the overall chain (cell, energy routing module, converters) can be taken into account.
  • the invention therefore allows optimizing at least one parameter in the group of (i) instant power at the output of the converters or (ii) aging of the converters.
  • the optimizing would mean to operate the converters in an operation state that reduces the aging effect, for example by functioning at lower temperature that induces less stress.
  • the control unit would observe through the detectors at the output of the converter the decrease in power while the power at the cell connection terminals is still the same.
  • the control unit is then programmed to deduce that in that case, the switches of the energy routing module shall be reconfigured dynamically in order to set in service another converter or a second converter in parallel to the first one.
  • the instant power output of the system would re-increase and overall power output is optimized.
  • n being a positive integer less than n.
  • the system comprises at least 2n cell connection terminals and at least 2m outputs.
  • the energy routing module comprises an electrical connection map between said cell connection terminals and said outputs and switches disposed in the electrical connection map for routing the energy from and between at least one of said cell connection terminals to at least one of said outputs.
  • the electrical connection map and the switches may be configured to provide at said outputs several serial and/or parallel connections of said cell connection terminals.
  • the switches have low ohmic resistance in conduction state.
  • Said switches may be electromechanical switches, MOSFET transistors or IGBT switches.
  • the electronic control unit may be arranged to reconfigure dynamically the switches of said energy routing module upon a change in a control parameter, which control parameter may be at least one parameter of the group of parameters comprising: environmental temperature, irradiance of at least one photovoltaic cell, a converter duty cycle of at least care converter, a failure flag, produced power level.
  • the electronic control unit is arranged to reconfigure dynamically the switches of said energy routing module on a periodically basis.
  • the electronic control unit may be arranged to reconfigure dynamically the switches of said energy routing module upon an estimated optimal power output based on past energy routing configurations.
  • the electronic control unit may be arranged to reconfigure the switches of said energy routing dynamically module upon the optimisation of a power cost function.
  • the electronic control unit may be configured to alternate period of operation of said outputs.
  • the energy routing module comprises furthermore at least p supplementary outputs, p being a positive integer number and p ⁇ 1, connected to correspondent p supplementary input terminals of said energy routing module forming a loop connection between said p outputs and said p input terminals.
  • At least one of said loop connections may comprise a static converter.
  • the invention concerns also an electricity generating system comprising:
  • the electronic control unit comprises:
  • the electronic control unit is arranged to reconfigure dynamically the switches of said energy routing module in function of the output of said first and second sensors.
  • m may be less than n.
  • the electricity generating cells may be photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic strings comprising several photovoltaic cells, or electrochemical cells or fuel cells.
  • said converters comprise an MPPT control unit.
  • Said m static converters may be divided in at least two groups of converters exhibiting different power ranges and/or conversion technology.
  • the method further comprises the steps of:
  • m may be less than n.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the detection of operating state of converters is based on a detection of converter values comprising voltage and/or current values of outputs of the static converters.
  • the method may comprise the following steps:
  • the period of operation of said outputs is alternated in a rotating manner to equalize the operation time and/or the energy processed by each converter.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of an electricity generating system with an electronic management system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of an electronic control unit of the electronic management system of FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of an electricity generating system with an electronic management system with three PV cells and two converters
  • FIGS. 4A to 4L show examples of configuration of the electronic management system of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a possible embodiment of an electronic management system for a DC distributed PV system
  • FIG. 6 shows a possible embodiment of an electronic management system for a AC distributed PV system
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of an electronic management system with a multi-string converter
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of an electricity generating system with an electronic management system according to the invention and a reconfiguration module connected between the converters and an output converter
  • FIG. 9 shows an evolution of an electricity generating system similar to the example of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 10 shows another evolution of an electricity generating system similar to the example of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 11 shows another evolution of an electricity generating system similar to the example of FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an electricity generating system 1 comprising electricity generating cells 3 ( 3 1 , 3 2 , 3 3 , . . . 3 n ; n being a positive integer).
  • Such electricity generating cells 3 may be photovoltaic cells (PV cells), photovoltaic strings comprising several PV cells, electrochemical cells, fuel cells or any part of a modular electricity generator.
  • PV cells photovoltaic cells
  • electrochemical cells electrochemical cells
  • fuel cells any part of a modular electricity generator.
  • a photovoltaic cell essentially consists of a diode (pin or pn junction) made up from a semiconductor material. This material has the property of absorbing light energy, a significant portion of which may be transferred to charge carriers (electrons and holes).
  • charge carriers electrospray carriers
  • the potential difference (open-circuit voltage, Voc and the maximum current (short-circuit current Isc) which may be provided by the photovoltaic cell depend both on the constitutive materials of the assembly of the cell and on the conditions surrounding this cell (including illumination through spectral intensity, temperature . . . ).
  • the electricity generating cells 3 are connected to an electronic management system 5 .
  • the electronic management system 5 is connected either directly to a load 7 , or indirectly via static converters 9 .
  • the load 7 may be a direct consumer, a storage system, or an electrical grid/network.
  • static converters 9 are DC-DC converters, but DC/AC converters may also be used instead dependent on the load 7 .
  • Each converter is associated with an MPPT control unit 11 for tracking the maximum power point (or MPPT i.e. Maximum Power Point Tracker) for collecting the electric energy produced by the PV cells 3 in order to deliver it to the load 7 .
  • MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracker
  • the converters 9 may be led to increasing or lowering the output voltage and/or to rippling the output voltage.
  • the MPPT control units 11 are designed in order to control the converters 9 in order to obtain an input voltage which corresponds to an optimum voltage value Vopt i.e. corresponding to a maximum point of the power characteristic.
  • the maximum power point depends on several variable parameters over time, notably on the sunlight present, on the temperature of the PV cells or on the number of PV cells in an operating state as it will be discussed later on.
  • the maximum power point tracker MPPT control may apply an algorithm which identifies the influence of a voltage change on the power delivered at its input by the PV cells 3 through the electronic management system 5 and causes a shift in the voltage in the direction identified as increasing the power.
  • Such an algorithm consists of measuring the power delivered by the converter 9 for a first voltage and, after a certain time, of imposing a second voltage greater than the first and then measuring or estimating the corresponding power.
  • the following step of the algorithm is to impose an even greater third voltage.
  • the third applied voltage is lower than the first voltage.
  • the electronic management system 5 comprises an energy routing module 13 and an electronic control unit 15 controlling the energy routing module 13 .
  • each PV cell 3 has two terminals connected to two corresponding cell connection terminals of the energy routing module 13 .
  • the energy routing module 13 has outputs to be connected to associated static converters 9 or directly to load 7 .
  • the routing module has 2m outputs m being a positive integer number.
  • the energy routing module 13 is adapted for routing energy flows from and between its cell connection terminals towards its outputs.
  • the energy routing module 13 is controlled by the electronic control unit 15 which is adapted for controlling dynamically the energy routing module 13 .
  • “Dynamically” means that the control unit 15 will consider from time to time the status of the energy routing module 13 and may apply control commands that will change of the status of the energy routing module 13 .
  • the electronic control unit controls as an on-going process, on a continuous basis the energy routing module 13 for optimizing the energy flow from the electricity generating cells to the static converters.
  • FIG. 3 A specific, but non-limiting example of an energy routing module 13 is shown in FIG. 3 which exhibits an example of an electricity generating system 1 with an electronic management system 5 with three PV cells 3 ( 3 1 , 3 2 , 3 3 ) and two static converters 9 ( 9 1 , 9 2 ).
  • the energy routing module 13 has six cell connection terminals (I k , k being a positive integer; 1 ⁇ k ⁇ 6) and four outputs (O 1 , 1 being a positive integer; 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 4).
  • the energy routing module 13 comprises an electrical connection map 17 between said cell connection terminals and said outputs allowing that each cell connection terminal I k may be connected through electrical connections to each output O 1 , but also that a cell connection terminal I k may be connected to another cell connection terminal I j , j being an integer j ⁇ k.
  • a cell connection terminal of the energy routing module 13 may be considered as an input if energy/current is flowing from a PV cell 3 into the energy routing module and may be considered as an output if energy/current is flowing from the energy routing module to a PV cell 3 .
  • the latter will be the case when for example two PV cells are put in series connection.
  • a cell connection terminal may not be connected to all other cell connection terminals or outputs of the energy routing module 13 .
  • the energy routing module comprises switches S (fifteen switches (S p , p being an positive integer; 1 ⁇ p ⁇ 15) disposed in the electrical connection map 17 for routing the energy from or between at least one of said cell connection terminals I k to at least one of said outputs O 1 .
  • PV cell 3 1 and 3 2 are put in series connection on outputs O 1 and O 2 to the static converter 9 1 .
  • the electrical connection map 17 and said switches S are configured to provide at said outputs several serial and/or parallel connections of said cell connection terminals of the energy routing module 13 .
  • the switches S have low ohmic resistance in conduction state, for example less than 10 m ⁇ .
  • the switches S may be electromechanical switches, MOSFET transistors or IGBT switches.
  • the electronic control unit 15 comprises at least first sensors 21 like voltage and/or current sensors at the cell connection terminals of said energy routing module 13 for detecting cell values meaning for example voltage and/or current values of the cell connection terminals.
  • the electronic control unit 15 may further comprise second sensors 22 comprising voltage and/or current sensors at the outputs of the static converters 9 for detecting converter values meaning for example voltage and/or current values of outputs of the static converters.
  • the electronic control unit 15 is arranged to reconfigure dynamically the switches S of said energy routing module 13 in function of the cell values and of the converter values, for example in order to maximise instant power output.
  • the generated energy is optimized routed to static converters 9 and a maximized power output can be achieved at the output of the energy generating system 1 .
  • control unit 15 detects for example a stable power output at cell level while at the same time a power output decrease at static converter output. Then the control unit 15 is configured to set on operation another static converter 9 , for example in parallel to the first one or instead of.
  • Configuration or reconfiguration of a switch S means to control the switching state or position (passing state/blocking state) of a switch S of said energy routing module 13 .
  • the electronic control unit 15 furthermore comprises a processing unit 23 such as a microprocessor comprising a memory and a software program installed thereon, and a driving unit 25 for driving said switches S upon instructions received from the microprocessor.
  • a processing unit 23 such as a microprocessor comprising a memory and a software program installed thereon
  • a driving unit 25 for driving said switches S upon instructions received from the microprocessor.
  • the electronic control unit 15 is arranged to reconfigure dynamically the position of the switches S of said energy routing module 13 upon a change in a control parameter. This is typically implemented through the software and an adapted optimisation algorithm.
  • the parameter that may trigger the reconfiguration of the switch positions may be, among other examples, the environmental temperature, irradiance of at least one photovoltaic cell, a converter duty cycle of at least one converter, any failure flag, the overall level of produced power. This allows taking into account for example shadowing effect on at least one cell 3 .
  • the electronic control unit 15 with its processing unit 23 is arranged to reconfigure dynamically the switches S of said energy routing module on a periodically basis, for example every 5 minutes.
  • the electronic control unit 15 is arranged to reconfigure the switches of said energy routing module 13 upon an estimated optimal power output based on past energy routing configurations.
  • the electronic control unit 15 safeguards past switching configurations related to, for example, measured values of at least one sensor 21 and/or environmental conditions and/or delivered output power in an internal memory or database or evolving model in order to forecast optimum switching configurations for future situations.
  • a power cost function software is implemented in the processing unit 23 and the electronic control unit 15 is arranged to reconfigure the switches of said energy routing module upon such a power cost function routine.
  • the electronic control unit 15 is configured to alternate period of operation of said outputs and therefore the operation time of the static converters 9 , for example in a rotating process. This aims to smooth and equalize the operation time of the static converters 9 , in particular to increase lifetime of such converters.
  • the present solution allows reconfiguring dynamically the switching between the electricity generating cells, allowing therefore adapting at best to the current and/or voltage at the output of the energy routing module 13 to the inputs of the converters 9 , allowing thus to achieve best operation conditions for the converters 9 .
  • the number of converters can be reduced and optimized in order to allow responding to shadowing effects while avoiding associating one converter to one electricity generating cell 3 like in fully distributed architectures. Thanks to the above described electronic management system 5 , it is even possible and envisaged that the m static converters 9 are divided in at least two groups of converters 9 exhibiting for example different power ranges (using or not the same power conversion technology). Thus the converters of one group are different from the converters of the other groups and therefore dedicated to specific/specialized uses.
  • one of fee converters 9 may have for example half of the nominal power of the other converter 9 allowing also some supplemental cost reduction and increase in performance.
  • Another example could be in pooling several specialized converters. For instance with a pool of DC/DC converters, some can be buck only (specifically reducing the voltage), others can be boost only (specifically increasing the voltage), and other can be buck/boost (able to increase or decrease the voltage), leading again to some supplemental cost reduction and increase in performance.
  • the above described electronic management system 5 renders an electricity generating system 1 more robust because in case of failure of one of the converters 9 , the rerouting of the energy from the cells 3 to the working converters 9 can maintain power output, even without any loss.
  • the optimisation algorithm implemented in the processing unit 23 may comprise a method where the operation state of the converters 9 is detected between working converters and non-working converters because of a failure or dysfunction, and in response to such failure detection.
  • the optimization algorithm dynamically drives the switches S of the energy routing modules 13 for routing energy flows from and between 2n cell connection terminals connected to the electricity generating cells 3 towards the converters 9 that are in a working operation state. Thus no power generated by the cells 3 may be lost.
  • FIG. 4A-4L are simplified views of FIG. 3 and show examples of possible switching configurations of the energy routing module 13 allowing better understanding of the present invention.
  • a cloud on one PV cell 3 means that such a cell is affected by a shadowing effect.
  • a shadow affects one ( 3 3 in FIG. 4D ; 3 2 in FIG. 4E ; 3 1 in FIG. 4F ) of the three PV cells 3 .
  • the PV cell 3 affected by the shadow is isolated and connected to one converter 9 whereas the other non-affected PV cells 3 are connected in series to the other converter 9 , assuring therefore optimal power harvesting.
  • a shadow affects two of the three PV cells 3 .
  • the PV cell 3 not affected by the shadow is isolated and connected to one converter 9 whereas the other affected PV cells 3 are connected in series to the other converter 9 .
  • Such a configuration is either more efficient in this situation of irradiance.
  • the optimisation algorithm implemented in the processing unit 23 may comprise a method where the irradiation state of the PV cells 3 , is detected, in particular between shaded and non-shaded cells or other classes of irradiance states.
  • the optimization algorithm dynamically drives the switches S of the energy routing modules 13 for routing energy flows from and between 2n cell connection terminals connected to the electricity generating cells 3 towards the converters 9 in connecting only PC cells 3 of same irradiance state or belonging to the same class of irradiance state in series to a converter 9 .
  • FIGS. 4J, 4K and 4L a shadow affects all of the three PV cells 3 .
  • the control unit 15 drives for example in the morning, when sun power is not yet at maximum on a periodically basis (for example every 5 minutes) between configurations shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B .
  • the control unit 15 detects rising up of irradiance by a sensor 21 , and drives the energy routing module 15 to the configuration shown in FIG. 4C .
  • the control unit 15 drives the energy routing module 13 successively to the configurations shown in FIGS. 4F, 4E, 4D . . . etc.
  • FIG. 5-10 show specific examples of electricity generating system 1 .
  • FIG. 5 relates to a DC distributed PV system with n PV cells, m DC/DC converters 9 having each an associated MPPT control unit 11 .
  • the outputs of the DC/DC converters 9 are connected to a combiner box 30 which output is connected to a DC/AC converter 32 .
  • Fixed serial or parallel connections of the converters 9 can be considered in the combiner box 30 .
  • the outputs of the DC/AC converter 32 are connected to load 7 .
  • FIG. 6 relates to an AC distributed PV system with n PV cells, m DC/AC converters 9 having each an associated MPPT control unit 11 .
  • the outputs of the DC/AC converters 9 are connected through common output lines to load 7 .
  • FIG. 7 relates to a PV system with n PV cells where the m outputs of the energy routing module 13 are connected to the correspondent inputs of a DC/AC multistring converter 9 which outputs are connected to load 7 .
  • FIG. 8 relates to a system with n PV cells, m DC/DC converters 9 having each an associated MPPT control unit 11 .
  • the outputs of the DC/DC converters 9 are connected to a reconfiguration module 35 as described in WO2010/070621 in the name of the applicant, the output of the reconfiguration module being connected to an output DC/AC converter 37 which is connected to load 7 .
  • Dynamically reconfigurable serial and/or parallel connections of the converters 9 outputs are considered with the reconfiguration module 35 , leading to an increased reliability in case of a DC/DC converter 9 fault.
  • increased reliability and longer life time can be achieved through redundancy in the conversion stage.
  • the power produced by functional electricity generating cell 3 connected to a defaulting converter 9 is recovered by rerouting the energy flow to the converters 9 that are in a working operation state.
  • the routing module 13 would be similar to the example of the routing module in FIG. 3 and have an electrical connection map 17 having switches disposed therein allowing not only multiple routing of the generated energy from and between the cell connection terminals towards said outputs, but also re-route from an output a said input terminals and from there to other output terminals, while combining for example with generated energy from other cell connection terminals.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 10 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1 by the fact that the outputs of static converters 9 are not connected to the load 7 but to correspondent input terminals of the energy routing module 13 .
  • the energy routing module 13 comprises two loop connections 40 , each comprising a static converter 9 with its MPPT control unit 11 .
  • FIG. 11 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 6 by the fact that one 99 of static converters 9 is a multi-level converter. Therefore, for converter 99 , three outputs of the energy routing module 13 are connected to respective entries of the multi-level converter 99 .
  • the present invention allows optimizing power harvesting from electricity generating cells 3 through adaptive and dynamic rerouting of the energy/power at the output of the electricity generating cells 3 while decreasing the cost of the system in reducing the necessary number of converters 9 and increasing the reliability of the electricity generating system 1 .
  • the second sensors 22 have been omitted voluntary for sake of simplification but these figures could be understood as if these second sensors 22 are present or not.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
US14/769,349 2013-02-20 2014-02-20 Electronic management system for electricity generating cells, electricity generating system and method for electronically managing energy flow Active US9627893B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13290035 2013-02-20
EP13290035.8A EP2770539A1 (fr) 2013-02-20 2013-02-20 Système de gestion électronique de cellules génératrices d'électricité, système de génération d'électricité et procédé de gestion électronique de flux d'énergie
EP13290035.8 2013-02-20
PCT/EP2014/053299 WO2014128202A1 (fr) 2013-02-20 2014-02-20 Système de gestion électronique pour cellules de génération d'électricité, système de génération d'électricité et procédé de gestion électronique d'un flux d'énergie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20160006250A1 US20160006250A1 (en) 2016-01-07
US9627893B2 true US9627893B2 (en) 2017-04-18

Family

ID=47877951

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/769,349 Active US9627893B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2014-02-20 Electronic management system for electricity generating cells, electricity generating system and method for electronically managing energy flow

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US9627893B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2770539A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6356703B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20150120984A (fr)
CN (1) CN105264671B (fr)
AU (1) AU2014220730B2 (fr)
MX (1) MX352335B (fr)
WO (1) WO2014128202A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201505508B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11146072B2 (en) * 2018-10-30 2021-10-12 Sma Solar Technology Ag Inverter with at least two DC/DC converters and use of such an inverter in a photovoltaic installation

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9985572B2 (en) * 2015-04-30 2018-05-29 Glenn Arthur Hastings Solar roadway system and method
JP2017059094A (ja) * 2015-09-18 2017-03-23 トヨタ自動車株式会社 太陽電池の昇圧機能付き発電動作点制御回路装置
GB2551753A (en) 2016-06-29 2018-01-03 Liu Xiongwei Apparatus for use in a solar photovoltaic power system and methods of operating the same
US10651735B2 (en) 2017-02-06 2020-05-12 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Series stacked DC-DC converter with serially connected DC power sources and capacitors
US10665743B2 (en) * 2017-02-16 2020-05-26 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Distributed/central optimizer architecture
CN106712698A (zh) * 2017-03-01 2017-05-24 北京天恒长鹰科技股份有限公司 一种多阶混合太阳能电池阵及其组合供电方法
US10333314B2 (en) 2017-04-17 2019-06-25 Futurewei Technologies, Inc. Multiple buck stage single boost stage optimizer
AU2018269774B2 (en) * 2017-05-15 2022-01-06 Dynapower Company Llc Energy storage system for photovoltaic energy and method of storing photovoltaic energy
EP4117132A1 (fr) * 2017-05-30 2023-01-11 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Routage de puissance dans un système d'alimentation
CN111682244B (zh) * 2017-11-08 2022-04-29 南京晓庄学院 一种可逆燃料电池堆节能装置的控制方法
JP7173128B2 (ja) * 2018-03-29 2022-11-16 住友電気工業株式会社 発電部再配置演算装置および演算処理方法
DE102018127130A1 (de) * 2018-10-30 2020-04-30 Sma Solar Technology Ag Wechselrichter mit mindestens zwei Gleichspannungswandlern
JP7249893B2 (ja) * 2019-07-01 2023-03-31 大和ハウス工業株式会社 電力供給システム
CA3055454A1 (fr) * 2019-09-16 2021-03-16 Weihai Xue Appareil, methode et article pour maximiser le courant de charge solaire au moyen d`un fil a plusieurs brins dans une batterie solaire ayant des panneaux solaires branches en serie et en parallele
CN112054503B (zh) * 2020-09-27 2022-01-04 武汉大学 一种基于串联光伏模块环形功率均衡系统的功率均衡方法

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5625546A (en) * 1994-09-21 1997-04-29 Inventio Ag Method and apparatus for the variable allocation of static inverters to at least one load
WO2009060273A1 (fr) 2007-11-08 2009-05-14 Harald Hauf Procédé de fonctionnement et dispositif de commande d'une installation énergétique à modules photovoltaïques
US20100109442A1 (en) 2008-10-30 2010-05-06 Asea Brown Boveri, S.A. System and Method for Energy Optimization in Photovoltaic Generators
US20100116325A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-05-13 Mehrdad Nikoonahad High efficiency solar panel and system
EP2337184A2 (fr) 2009-12-15 2011-06-22 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Système de stockage d'énergie raccordé au réseau et son procédé de commande
EP2372487A2 (fr) 2010-04-01 2011-10-05 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Système de génération de lumière solaire, dispositif de contrôle et son procédé de contrôle
FR2961035A1 (fr) 2010-06-04 2011-12-09 Aeg Power Solutions Bv Dispositif de connexion matricielle pour panneaux photovoltaiques et/ou eoliennes
EP2518885A1 (fr) 2009-12-24 2012-10-31 Panasonic Corporation Convertisseur de puissance possédant un élément de commutation à semi-conducteurs
US20130062956A1 (en) * 2010-06-15 2013-03-14 Tenksolar, Inc. Cell-to-grid redundandt photovoltaic system
US20130264870A1 (en) * 2012-04-10 2013-10-10 Sol Chip Ltd. Integrated circuit energy harvester
US8564990B2 (en) * 2008-12-18 2013-10-22 Abb Research Ltd Converter device and method for controlling a converter device
US8837098B2 (en) * 2010-05-03 2014-09-16 Sma Solar Technology Ag Method for limiting the generator voltage of a photovoltaic installation in case of danger and photovoltaic installation

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1069321A (ja) * 1996-08-27 1998-03-10 Honda Motor Co Ltd 太陽光発電装置
JP2001268800A (ja) * 2000-03-16 2001-09-28 Kawasaki Steel Corp 太陽光発電制御方法及び装置
US6350944B1 (en) 2000-05-30 2002-02-26 Hughes Electronics Corporation Solar module array with reconfigurable tile
JP3656531B2 (ja) * 2000-08-31 2005-06-08 松下電工株式会社 太陽光発電システム
US20080142071A1 (en) 2006-12-15 2008-06-19 Miasole Protovoltaic module utilizing a flex circuit for reconfiguration
FR2940476B1 (fr) * 2008-12-18 2011-02-25 Total Sa Systeme de gestion electronique de cellules photovoltaiques
JP5302096B2 (ja) * 2009-05-15 2013-10-02 株式会社Ｎｔｔファシリティーズ 太陽光発電システム及び制御方法
FR2953997B1 (fr) * 2009-12-11 2012-01-20 Centre Nat Rech Scient Systeme de gestion electronique de cellules photovoltaiques avec seuils adaptes
US9225261B2 (en) * 2010-06-09 2015-12-29 Tigo Energy, Inc. Method for use of static inverters in variable energy generation environments
JP2012090516A (ja) * 2010-10-15 2012-05-10 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 切替回路、制御装置および発電システム
JP2012208725A (ja) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-25 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology 太陽光発電システム
US8829715B2 (en) * 2011-04-29 2014-09-09 General Electric Company Switching coordination of distributed dc-dc converters for highly efficient photovoltaic power plants
JP5748213B2 (ja) * 2011-06-22 2015-07-15 コア・テック株式会社 太陽光発電システム

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5625546A (en) * 1994-09-21 1997-04-29 Inventio Ag Method and apparatus for the variable allocation of static inverters to at least one load
WO2009060273A1 (fr) 2007-11-08 2009-05-14 Harald Hauf Procédé de fonctionnement et dispositif de commande d'une installation énergétique à modules photovoltaïques
US20100250018A1 (en) * 2007-11-08 2010-09-30 Hauf Harald Method of Operation and Device for Controlling an Energy Installation with Photovoltaic Modules
US20100109442A1 (en) 2008-10-30 2010-05-06 Asea Brown Boveri, S.A. System and Method for Energy Optimization in Photovoltaic Generators
US20100116325A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-05-13 Mehrdad Nikoonahad High efficiency solar panel and system
US8564990B2 (en) * 2008-12-18 2013-10-22 Abb Research Ltd Converter device and method for controlling a converter device
EP2337184A2 (fr) 2009-12-15 2011-06-22 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Système de stockage d'énergie raccordé au réseau et son procédé de commande
EP2518885A1 (fr) 2009-12-24 2012-10-31 Panasonic Corporation Convertisseur de puissance possédant un élément de commutation à semi-conducteurs
US20110241431A1 (en) * 2010-04-01 2011-10-06 Daoshen Chen Solar light power generation system, control device, and control method thereof
EP2372487A2 (fr) 2010-04-01 2011-10-05 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Système de génération de lumière solaire, dispositif de contrôle et son procédé de contrôle
US8837098B2 (en) * 2010-05-03 2014-09-16 Sma Solar Technology Ag Method for limiting the generator voltage of a photovoltaic installation in case of danger and photovoltaic installation
FR2961035A1 (fr) 2010-06-04 2011-12-09 Aeg Power Solutions Bv Dispositif de connexion matricielle pour panneaux photovoltaiques et/ou eoliennes
US20130062956A1 (en) * 2010-06-15 2013-03-14 Tenksolar, Inc. Cell-to-grid redundandt photovoltaic system
US20130264870A1 (en) * 2012-04-10 2013-10-10 Sol Chip Ltd. Integrated circuit energy harvester

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
International Search report dated Aug. 28, 2014 for PCT Applicafion No. PCT/EP2014/053299; 4 pages.
Velasco-Quesada G. et al.; "Electrical PV Array Reconfiguration Strategy for Energy Extraction Improvement in Grid-Connected PV Systems;" IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics; vol. 56; No. 11; Nov. 1, 2009; pp. 4319-4331; 13 pages.
Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated May 28, 2014 for PCT Application No. PCT/EP2014/053299; 7 pages.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11146072B2 (en) * 2018-10-30 2021-10-12 Sma Solar Technology Ag Inverter with at least two DC/DC converters and use of such an inverter in a photovoltaic installation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014128202A1 (fr) 2014-08-28
EP2959515A1 (fr) 2015-12-30
CN105264671A (zh) 2016-01-20
MX352335B (es) 2017-11-21
CN105264671B (zh) 2017-10-24
MX2015010592A (es) 2016-07-18
JP2016516382A (ja) 2016-06-02
EP2770539A1 (fr) 2014-08-27
US20160006250A1 (en) 2016-01-07
AU2014220730A1 (en) 2015-08-20
AU2014220730B2 (en) 2017-08-31
JP6356703B2 (ja) 2018-07-11
ZA201505508B (en) 2021-05-26
KR20150120984A (ko) 2015-10-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9627893B2 (en) Electronic management system for electricity generating cells, electricity generating system and method for electronically managing energy flow
JP6085086B2 (ja) 太陽電池発電装置及びその運用装置
US20110031816A1 (en) Photovoltaic unit, a dc-dc converter therefor, and a method of operating the same
US8664797B2 (en) Photovoltaic assembly and method of operating a photovoltaic assembly
JP6236582B2 (ja) 適合するしきい値を有する太陽電池の電子的管理システム
JP2010521720A (ja) Ｄｃ電源を用いた分散型電力ハーベストシステム
KR101838760B1 (ko) 기상의 함수로서 광기전 전지의 전자 관리를 위한 시스템
KR101135990B1 (ko) 가변 어레이를 이용한 태양광 발전 시스템
KR101445711B1 (ko) 태양광발전 시스템
JP2016149582A (ja) バイパスダイオードがない太陽光発電システム
KR20200113877A (ko) 태양광 패널 출력전력 변동에 대응하는 직류전류 합산제어가 가능한 태양광 발전 시스템
US20230327452A1 (en) Switching matrix for reconfigurable pv modules and systems
KR20210043401A (ko) 태양광 모듈 2장의 최대 전력 점을 추적하는 직·병렬컨버터 접속장치를 통신으로 제어하는 접속반
Di Dio et al. A new control system prototype for the energy production maximization of a unequally irradiated PV system
US20230068438A1 (en) Distributed Power Harvesting Systems Using DC Power Sources
Elanchezhian et al. Design of two-stage soft-switched module Inverter for Photovoltaic applications
Al-rawashdeh et al. Evaluation of energy harvest increase by distributed maximum power point tracking
KR20170029199A (ko) 태양광 발전 장치
JP5912417B2 (ja) 太陽光発電装置
KR20200113878A (ko) 승압기를 이용하여 태양광 패널 출력전력 변동에 대응하는 직류전류 합산제어가 가능한 태양광 발전 시스템
Liu et al. Self-reconfiguration strategy for energy extraction improvement of island renewable energy sources
Davis et al. Sigma Converter for Partial Shading Problem in PV Cell
Kadali et al. A Distributed Maximum Power Point Control For Efficiency Enhancement Of Photovoltaic System

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES, FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RAMOND, ADRIEN;CARREJO, CARLOS;REEL/FRAME:037520/0356

Effective date: 20151015

AS Assignment

Owner name: TOTAL S.A., FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT VIA EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT;ASSIGNOR:LAINE, FREDERIC;REEL/FRAME:037974/0709

Effective date: 20100413

AS Assignment

Owner name: TOTAL S.A., FRANCE

Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF ASSIGNOR PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 037974 FRAME: 0709. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:EL BASRI, YOUSSEF;REEL/FRAME:038111/0910

Effective date: 20100413

AS Assignment

Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, FRAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ALONSO, CORINNE;ESTIBALS, BRUNO;SEGUIER, LIONEL;REEL/FRAME:039139/0356

Effective date: 20160526

Owner name: TOTAL MARKETING SERVICES, FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TOTAL SA;REEL/FRAME:039139/0897

Effective date: 20160622

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

MAFP Maintenance fee payment

Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Year of fee payment: 4