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  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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  • A61K31/439—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom the ring forming part of a bridged ring system, e.g. quinuclidine
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  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
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  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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Definitions

• the present invention relates to a bicyclic compound having an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (in the present specification, sometimes to be abbreviated as ACC) inhibitory action, which is useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac failure, diabetic complications, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia, cancer and the like.
• ACC acetyl-CoA carboxylase
• ACC is an enzyme that converts acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, and catalyzes a rate determining reaction in fatty acid metabolism.
• Malonyl-CoA which is produced by an ACC catalyst reaction, inhibits fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria based on the feedback inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1). Accordingly, ACC plays a key role in controlling the balance between use of carbohydrate and fatty acid in the liver and skeletal muscle, and further, controlling insulin sensitivity in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
• a reduced level of malonyl-CoA by ACC inhibition can promote an increase in fatty acid oxidation, decreased secretion of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein (VLDL) in the liver, regulation of insulin secretion in the pancreas, and further, improvement in the insulin sensitivity in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
• TG triglyceride
• VLDL triglyceride-rich lipoprotein
• long-term administration of a compound having an ACC inhibitory action can strikingly decrease the TG content of the liver and adipose tissues and selectively decrease body fat in obese test subjects taking low fat diet, by promoting fatty acid oxidation and suppressing de novo synthesis of fatty acid.
• a compound having an ACC inhibitory action is extremely useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis and the like.
• R 1 is a group represented by the formula: —COR 2 wherein R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent, an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group or an optionally substituted phenyl group; R 3 is a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by halogen atom(s), or an optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl group; R 4 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent; X is O, CO, CR 5a R 5b wherein R 5a and R 5b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, NR 5c wherein R 5c is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, S, SO or S(O) 2 ; ring A is an optionally further substituted 4- to 7-membered non-aromatic ring (the ring is optionally crosslinked); ring P is a 5-membered
• the present invention relates to
• R 1 is a group represented by the formula: —COR 2 wherein R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent, an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group or an optionally substituted phenyl group; R 3 is a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by halogen atom(s), or an optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl group; R 4 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent; X is O, CO, CR 5a R 5b wherein R 5a and R 5b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, NR 5c wherein R 5a is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, S, SO or S(O) 2 ; ring A is an optionally further substituted 4- to 7-membered non-aromatic ring (the ring is optionally crosslinked); ring P is a 5-membered
• each symbol is as defined in the above-mentioned [1], or a salt thereof to an acylation reaction; and the like.
• Compound (I) has an ACC inhibitory action, which is useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac failure, diabetic complications, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia, cancer and the like, and has superior efficacy.
• halogen atom in the present specification means, unless otherwise specified, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom.
• C 1-3 alkylenedioxy group in the present specification means, unless otherwise specified, methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy or the like.
• C 1-6 alkyl group in the present specification means, unless otherwise specified, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, isohexyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl or the like.
• C 1-6 alkoxy group in the present specification means, unless otherwise specified, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy or the like.
• C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group in the present specification means, unless otherwise specified, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl or the like.
• C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group in the present specification means, unless otherwise specified, acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, isobutanoyl, pentanoyl, isopentanoyl, hexanoyl or the like.
• R 1 is a group represented by the formula: —COR 2 wherein R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent, an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group or an optionally substituted phenyl group;
• R 2 examples include an “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, an “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, an “optionally substituted hydroxy group”, an “optionally substituted amino group”, an “optionally substituted mercapto group”, an “acyl group” and the like.
• hydrocarbon group examples include a C 1-10 alkyl group, a C 2-10 alkenyl group, a C 2-10 alkynyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 4-10 cycloalkadienyl group, a C 6-14 aryl group, a C 7-13 aralkyl group, a C 8-13 arylalkenyl group and the like.
• Examples of the C 1-10 alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, isohexyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl and the like.
• a C 1-6 alkyl group is preferable.
• Examples of the C 2-10 alkenyl group include ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1-heptenyl, 1-octenyl and the like. Of these, a C 2-6 alkenyl group is preferable.
• Examples of the C 2-10 alkynyl group include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butyryl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl, 1-heptynyl, 1-octynyl and the like. Of these, a C 2-6 alkynyl group is preferable.
• Examples of the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and the like. Of these, a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group is preferable.
• Examples of the C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group include 2-cyclopenten-1-yl, 3-cyclopenten-1-yl, 2-cyclohexen-1-yl, 3-cyclohexen-1-yl and the like. Of these, a C 3-6 cycloalkenyl group is preferable.
• Examples of the C 4-10 cycloalkadienyl group include 2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl, 2,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl, 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-yl and the like. Of these, a C 4-6 cycloalkadienyl group is preferable.
• C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group and C 4-10 cycloalkadienyl group are each optionally condensed with a benzene ring to form a fused ring group.
• the fused ring group include indanyl, dihydronaphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, fluorenyl and the like.
• C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group and C 4-10 cycloalkadienyl group may be each a C 7-10 crosslinked hydrocarbon group.
• the C 7-10 crosslinked hydrocarbon group include bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl (norbornyl), bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, bicyclo[3.2.2]nonyl, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl, bicyclo[4.2.1]nonyl, bicyclo[4.3.1]decyl, adamantyl and the like.
• the above-mentioned C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group and C 4-10 cycloalkadienyl group each optionally forms a spiro ring group together with a C 3-10 cycloalkane, a C 3-10 cycloalkene or a C 4-10 cycloalkadiene.
• Examples of the C 3-10 cycloalkane, C 3-10 cycloalkene and C 4-10 cycloalkadiene include rings corresponding to the above-mentioned C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group and C 4-10 cycloalkadienyl group.
• the spiro ring group include spiro[4.5]decan-8-yl and the like.
• Examples of the C 6-14 aryl group include phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, acenaphthyl, biphenylyl and the like. Of these, a C 6-12 aryl group is preferable.
• Examples of the C 7-13 aralkyl group include benzyl, phenethyl, naphthylmethyl, biphenylylmethyl and the like.
• Examples of the C 8-13 arylalkenyl group include styryl and the like.
• a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl
• heterocyclic group examples include an “aromatic heterocyclic group” and a′“non-aromatic heterocyclic group”.
• aromatic heterocyclic group examples include a 4- to 7-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group containing, as a ring-constituting atom besides carbon atoms, 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom, and a fused aromatic heterocyclic group.
• fused aromatic heterocyclic group examples include a group derived from a fused ring wherein a ring corresponding to the 4- to 7-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group and 1 or 2 rings selected from a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms (e.g., pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrazine, pyridine, pyrimidine), a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle containing one sulfur atom (e.g., thiophene) and a benzene ring are condensed, and the like.
• a fused ring wherein a ring corresponding to the 4- to 7-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group and 1 or 2 rings selected from a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms (e.g., pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrazine, pyridine, pyrimidine), a 5-member
• aromatic heterocyclic group examples include
• monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic groups such as furyl (e.g., 2-furyl, 3-furyl), thienyl (e.g., 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl), pyridyl (e.g., 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl), pyrimidinyl (e.g., 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl), pyridazinyl (e.g., 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl), pyrazinyl (e.g., 2-pyrazinyl), pyrrolyl (e.g., 1-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl), imidazolyl (e.g., 1-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl), pyrazolyl (e.g., 1-pyrazolyl, 3-
• non-aromatic heterocyclic group examples include a 4- to 7-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclic group containing, as a ring-constituting atom besides carbon atoms, 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom, and a fused aromatic heterocyclic group.
• fused aromatic heterocyclic group examples include a group derived from a fused ring wherein a ring corresponding to the 4- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclic group and 1 or 2 rings selected from a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms (e.g., pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrazine, pyridine, pyrimidine), a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle containing one sulfur atom (e.g., thiophene) and a benzene ring are condensed, a group wherein the above-mentioned group is partially saturated, and the like.
• a fused ring wherein a ring corresponding to the 4- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclic group and 1 or 2 rings selected from a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms (e.g., pyrrole, imidazole
• non-aromatic heterocyclic group examples include
• azetidinyl e.g., 1-azetidinyl, 2-azetidinyl, 3-azetidinyl
• pyrrolidinyl e.g., 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl
• piperidyl e.g., piperidino, 2-piperidyl, 3-piperidyl, 4-piperidyl
• morpholinyl e.g., morpholino
• thiomorpholinyl e.g., thiomorpholino
• piperazinyl e.g., 1-piperazinyl, 2-piperazinyl, 3-piperazinyl
• hexamethyleniminyl e.g., hexamethylenimin-1-yl
• oxazolidinyl e.g., oxazolidin-2-yl
• thiazolidinyl e.g., thiazolidinyl
• heterocyclic group of the “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” optionally has 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include those similar to the substituents that the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group and the like exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” optionally has.
• the heterocyclic group is a “non-aromatic heterocyclic group”
• the substituent further includes an oxo group.
• the number of the substituents is not less than 2, the respective substituents may be the same or different.
• optionally substituted hydroxy group examples include a hydroxy group optionally substituted by a substituent selected from a C 1-10 alkyl group, a C 2-10 alkenyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 6-14 aryl group, a C 7-13 aralkyl group, a C 8-13 arylalkenyl group, a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a heterocyclic group and the like, each of which is optionally substituted.
• a substituent selected from a C 1-10 alkyl group, a C 2-10 alkenyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 6-14 aryl group, a C 7-13 aralkyl group, a C 8-13 arylalkenyl group, a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a heterocyclic group
• Examples of the C 1-10 alkyl group, C 2-10 alkenyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group, C 6-14 aryl group, C 7-13 aralkyl group and C 8-13 arylalkenyl group include those exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”.
• heterocyclic group examples include those similar to the “aromatic heterocyclic group” and “non-aromatic heterocyclic group” exemplified as the “heterocyclic group” of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”.
• C 1-10 alkyl group, C 2-10 alkenyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group, C 6-14 aryl group, C 7-13 aralkyl group, C 8-13 arylalkenyl group, C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group and heterocyclic group optionally have 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions.
• the respective substituents may be the same or different.
• Examples of the substituent for the C 1-10 alkyl group, C 2-10 alkenyl group and C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group include those similar to the substituent that the C 1-10 alkyl group and the like exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” optionally has.
• Examples of the substituent for the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group, C 6-14 aryl group, C 7-13 aralkyl group and C 8-13 arylalkenyl group include those similar to the substituent that the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group and the like exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” optionally has.
• Examples of the substituent for the heterocyclic group include those similar to the substituent that the “heterocyclic group” of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” optionally has.
• optionally substituted mercapto group examples include a mercapto group optionally substituted by a substituent selected from a C 1-10 alkyl group, a C 2-10 alkenyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 6-14 aryl group, a C 7-13 aralkyl group, a C 8-13 arylalkenyl group, a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a heterocyclic group and the like, each of which is optionally substituted.
• a substituent selected from a C 1-10 alkyl group, a C 2-10 alkenyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 6-14 aryl group, a C 7-13 aralkyl group, a C 8-13 arylalkenyl group, a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a
• substituents examples include those exemplified as the substituents of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted hydroxy group”.
• optionally substituted amino group examples include an amino group optionally mono- or di-substituted by substituent(s) selected from a C 1-10 alkyl group, a C 2-10 alkenyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 6-14 aryl group, a C 7-13 aralkyl group, a C 8-13 arylalkenyl group and a heterocyclic group, each of which is optionally substituted; an acyl group and the like.
• Examples of the C 1-10 alkyl group, C 2-10 alkenyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group, C 6-14 aryl group, C 7-13 aralkyl group and C 8-13 arylalkenyl group include those exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”.
• heterocyclic group examples include those similar to the “aromatic heterocyclic group” and “non-aromatic heterocyclic group” exemplified as the “heterocyclic group” of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”. Of these, a 5- to 7-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group is preferable.
• the C 1-10 alkyl group, C 2-10 alkenyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group, C 6-14 aryl group, C 7-13 aralkyl group, C 8-13 arylalkenyl group and heterocyclic group optionally have 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions.
• the respective substituents may be the same or different.
• Examples of the substituent for the C 1-10 alkyl group and C 2-10 alkenyl group include those similar to the substituent that the C 1-10 alkyl group and the like exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” optionally has.
• Examples of the substituent for the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, C 3-10 cycloalkenyl group, C 6-14 aryl group, C 7-13 aralkyl group and C 8-13 arylalkenyl group include those similar to the substituent that the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group and the like exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” optionally has.
• Examples of the substituent for the heterocyclic group include those similar to the substituent that the “heterocyclic group” of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted heterocyclic group” optionally has.
• acyl group exemplified as the substituent for the “optionally substituted amino group” include those similar to the “acyl group” below, which is exemplified as the “substituent” for R 2 .
• Examples of the “acyl group” exemplified as the “substituent” for R 2 include a group represented by the formula: —COR A , —CO—OR A , —SO 3 R A , —S(O) 2 R A , —SOR A , —CO—NR A ′R B ′, —CS—NR A ′R B ′ or —S(O) 2 NR A ′R B ′ wherein R A is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, R A ′ and R B ′ are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or R A ′ and R B ′ form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, an optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle, and the like.
• R A , R A ′ or R B ′ examples include those similar to the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group” and “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, which are exemplified as the “substituent” for R 2 .
• nitrogen-containing heterocycle of the “optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycle” formed by R A ′ and R B ′ together with the adjacent nitrogen atom
• a 5- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle containing, as a ring-constituting atom besides carbon atoms, at least one nitrogen atom and optionally further containing one or two hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom.
• nitrogen-containing heterocycle include pyrrolidine, imidazolidine, pyrazolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, thiomorpholine and the like.
• the nitrogen-containing heterocycle optionally has 1 to 5 (preferably 1 or 2) substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include those similar to the substituent that the “heterocyclic group” of the “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, which is exemplified as the “substituent” for R 2 , optionally has.
• the number of the substituents is not less than 2, the respective substituents may be the same or different.
• acyl group examples include
• a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl
• a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl
• 1 to 3 halogen atoms optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms
• a C 3-10 cycloalkyl-carbonyl group e.g., cyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl
• a C 3-10 cycloalkyl-carbonyl group e.g., cyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl
• a C 6-14 aryl-carbonyl group e.g., benzoyl, 1-naphthoyl, 2-naphthoyl
• a C 6-14 aryl-carbonyl group e.g., benzoyl, 1-naphthoyl, 2-naphthoyl
• 1 to 3 halogen atoms e.g., benzoyl, 1-naphthoyl, 2-naphthoyl
• R 2 is preferably an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group, an optionally substituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl group, an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted aromatic heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted non-aromatic heterocyclic group or the like.
• R 2 is more preferably
• R 2 is further more preferably
• R 2 is particularly preferably
• a C 1-6 alkyl group e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, isopentyl
• a C 1-6 alkoxy group e.g., methoxy, tert-butoxy
• the “group represented by the formula: —COR 2 ” for R 1 is preferably a group represented by the formula: —COR 2 wherein R 2 is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group, an optionally substituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl group, an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted aromatic heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted non-aromatic heterocyclic group or the like.
• the “group represented by the formula: —COR 2 ” for R 1 is more preferably a group represented by the formula: —COR 2
• the “group represented by the formula: —COR 2 ” for R 1 is further more preferably a group represented by the formula: —COR 2
• the “group represented by the formula: —COR 2 ” for R 1 is particularly preferably a group represented by the formula: —COR 2
• a C 1-6 alkyl group e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, isopentyl
• a C 1-6 alkoxy group e.g., methoxy, tert-butoxy
• Examples of the “5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” of the “optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” for R 1 include pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl (1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl), tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and the like.
• the “5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” is preferably a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group, more preferably pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl or the like, particularly preferably isoxazolyl.
• the “5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” of the “optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” for R 1 optionally has 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include those similar to the substituents that the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group and the like exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is exemplified as the “substituent” for R 2 , optionally has.
• the “optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” for R 1 is preferably a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group (e.g., pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, preferably isoxazolyl) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from
• the “optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” for R 1 is more preferably a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group (e.g., pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, preferably isoxazolyl) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from (i) a halogen atom and (ii) a C 1-6 alkyl group.
• a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group e.g., pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, preferably isoxazolyl
• substituents selected from (i) a halogen atom and (ii) a C 1-6 alkyl group.
• the “optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” for R 1 is further more preferably a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group (e.g., pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, preferably isoxazolyl) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from a C 1-6 alkyl group.
• a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic group e.g., pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, preferably isoxazolyl
• the “phenyl group” of the “optionally substituted phenyl group” for R 1 optionally has 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include those similar to the substituents that the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group and the like exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is exemplified as the “substituent” for R 2 , optionally has.
• the “optionally substituted phenyl group” for R 1 is preferably a phenyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from
• the “optionally substituted phenyl group” for R 1 is more preferably a phenyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from (i) a halogen atom and (ii) a C 1-6 alkyl group.
• R 1 is preferably
• R 2 is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group, an optionally substituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl group, an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted aromatic heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted non-aromatic heterocyclic group or the like; (2) an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group; or (3) an optionally substituted phenyl group.
• R 1 is more preferably
• R 1 is further more preferably
• R 1 is still more preferably
• R 1 is particularly preferably
• Ring P is a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle
• ring Q is an optionally further substituted 6-membered ring
• ring P and ring Q are condensed to form an optionally further substituted bicyclic aromatic heterocycle.
• Examples of the “5-membered aromatic heterocycle” for ring P include pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole (1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-triazole), tetrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, furan, thiophene and the like. Of these, oxazole, thiazole, furan, pyrazole and 1,2,3-triazole are preferable, and oxazole and thiazole are particularly preferable.
• Examples of the “6-membered ring” of the “optionally further substituted 6-membered ring” for ring Q include benzene, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, cyclohexa-1,3-diene, dihydropyridine and the like. Of these, benzene, pyridine and cyclohexa-1,3-diene are preferable.
• the “6-membered ring” of the “optionally further substituted 6-membered ring” for ring Q optionally has, besides the group —O—R 6 , 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include those similar to the substituents that the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group and the like exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is exemplified as the “substituent” for R 2 , optionally has.
• a halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom
• halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom
• a halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom
• Ring Q is preferably benzene, pyridine or cyclohexa-1,3-diene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from
• a halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom
• Ring Q is more preferably benzene, pyridine or cyclohexa-1,3-diene, each of which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom).
• halogen atoms e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom
• the “bicyclic aromatic heterocycle” of the “optionally further substituted bicyclic aromatic heterocycle” formed by the condensation of ring P and ring Q optionally has, besides the group —O—R 6 , 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions on the ring Q.
• substituents include those similar to the substituents that the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group and the like exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is exemplified as the “substituent” for R 2 , optionally has.
• a halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom
• halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom
• a halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom
• the “optionally further substituted bicyclic aromatic heterocycle” formed by the condensation of ring P and ring Q is preferably
• a halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom
• the “optionally further substituted bicyclic aromatic heterocycle” formed by the condensation of ring P and ring Q is more preferably
• ring Q is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms.
• the “optionally further substituted bicyclic aromatic heterocycle” formed by the condensation of ring P and ring Q is more preferably
• R 3 is a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by halogen atom(s), or an optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl group.
• the “C 1-6 alkyl group” of the “C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by halogen atom(s)” for R 3 optionally has preferably 1 to 7, more preferably 1 to 3 halogen atoms, at substitutable positions.
• Examples of the “C 3-6 cycloalkyl group” of the “optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl group” for R 3 include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
• the “C 3-6 cycloalkyl group” of the “optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl group” for R 3 optionally has 1 to 5 substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include those similar to the substituents that the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group and the like exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is exemplified as the “substituent” for R 2 , optionally has.
• R 3 is preferably a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 7 (preferably 1 to 3) halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom), or a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 5 halogen atoms or 1 to 5 C 1-3 alkyl groups.
• halogen atoms e.g., a fluorine atom
• C 3-6 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 5 halogen atoms or 1 to 5 C 1-3 alkyl groups.
• R 3 is more preferably a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 7 (preferably 1 to 3) halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom), or a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group, particularly preferably a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom).
• R 4 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
• Examples of the “substituent” for R 4 include those similar to the “substituent” for R 2 .
• R 4 is preferably a hydrogen atom.
• X is O, CO, CR 5a R 5b wherein R 5a and R 5b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, NR 5c wherein R 5c is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, S, SO or S(O) 2 .
• the “C 1-6 alkyl group” of the “optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group” for R 5a , R 5b or R 5c optionally has 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include those similar to the substituents that the C 1-10 alkyl group and the like exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is exemplified as the “substituent” for R 2 , optionally has.
• X is preferably O or CR 5a R 5b wherein R 5a and R 5b are as defined above, more preferably O or CH 2 .
• R 6 is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group or an optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl group.
• the “C 1-6 alkyl group” of the “optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group” for R 6 optionally has 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include those similar to the substituents that the C 1-10 alkyl group and the like exemplified as the “hydrocarbon group” of the “optionally substituted hydrocarbon group”, which is exemplified as the “substituent” for R 2 , optionally has.
• Examples of the “optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl group” for R 6 include those similar to the “optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl group” for R 3 .
• R 6 is preferably
• a C 1-6 alkyl group e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl
• a halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom
• a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl
• a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl; or the like.
• R 6 is more preferably a C 1-6 alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom) and a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl).
• a halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom
• C 3-6 cycloalkyl group e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl
• Ring A is an optionally further substituted 4- to 7-membered non-aromatic ring (the ring is optionally crosslinked).
• Examples of the “4- to 7-membered non-aromatic ring (the ring is optionally crosslinked)” of the “optionally further substituted 4- to 7-membered non-aromatic ring (the ring is optionally crosslinked)” for ring A include a C 4-7 cycloalkane, a C 4-7 cycloalkene, a C 4-7 cycloalkadiene and a 4- to 7-membered non-aromatic heterocycle.
• Examples of the C 4-7 cycloalkane include cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane and cycloheptane. Of these, a C 4-6 cycloalkane is preferable.
• Examples of the C 4-7 cycloalkene include cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene and cycloheptene. Of these, a C 4-6 cycloalkene is preferable.
• Examples of the C 4-7 cycloalkadiene include 2,4-cyclopentadiene, 2,4-cyclohexadiene, 2,5-cyclohexadiene and the like. Of these, a C 4-6 cycloalkadiene is preferable.
• Examples of the 4- to 7-membered non-aromatic heterocycle include azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperazine, hexamethylenimine, oxazolidine, thiazolidine, imidazolidine, oxazoline, thiazoline, imidazoline, dioxole, dioxolane, dihydrooxadiazole, pyran, tetrahydropyran, thiopyran, tetrahydrothiopyran, tetrahydrofuran, pyrazolidine, pyrazoline, tetrahydropyrimidine, dihydrotriazole, tetrahydrotriazole and the like.
• a 4- to 7-membered (preferably a 4- to 6-membered) nitrogen-containing non-aromatic heterocycle is preferable.
• the “4- to 7-membered non-aromatic ring” may be crosslinked.
• Examples of the crosslinked ring include 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane and the like.
• the “4- to 7-membered non-aromatic ring (the ring is optionally crosslinked)” of the “optionally further substituted 4- to 7-membered non-aromatic ring (the ring is optionally crosslinked)” optionally has, besides the group —XCH(R 4 )CH(R 3 )—NH—R 1 and ring P, 1 to 3 substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include those similar to the substituents that the “heterocyclic group” of the “optionally substituted heterocyclic group”, which is exemplified as the “substituent” for R 2 , optionally has.
• Ring A is preferably an optionally further substituted 4- to 7-membered non-aromatic heterocycle (the heterocycle is optionally crosslinked), more preferably a 4- to 7-membered (preferably 4- to 6-membered) nitrogen-containing non-aromatic heterocycle (the heterocycle is optionally crosslinked), cyclohexane or the like, further more preferably azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, cyclohexane or the like, particularly preferably piperidine.
• compound (I) include the following compounds.
• R 2 is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group, an optionally substituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl group, an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted aromatic heterocyclic group or an optionally substituted non-aromatic heterocyclic group; (2) an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group; or (3) an optionally substituted phenyl group; R 3 is a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by halogen atom(s), or an optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl group; R 4 is a hydrogen atom; X is O, CO, CR 5a R 5b wherein R 5a and R 5b is as defined above, NR 5C wherein R 5c is as defined above, S, SO or S(O) 2 ; ring A is an optionally further substituted 4- to
• ring Q is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms
• R 6 is a C 1-6 alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom) and a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl).
• a halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom
• C 3-6 cycloalkyl group e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl
• ring Q is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms
• R 6 is a C 1-6 alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom) and a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl).
• a halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom
• C 3-6 cycloalkyl group e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl
• ring Q is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms
• R 6 is a C 1-6 alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom) and a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl).
• a halogen atom e.g., a fluorine atom
• C 3-6 cycloalkyl group e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl
• ring Q is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms
• R 6 is a C 1-6 alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom (e.g., a fluorine atom) and a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl).
• a pharmacologically acceptable salt is preferable.
• examples of such salt include salts with inorganic base, salts with organic base, salts with inorganic acid, salts with organic acid, salts with basic or acidic amino acid, and the like.
• the salt with inorganic base include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt and the like; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt, magnesium salt and the like; aluminum salt; ammonium salt and the like.
• the salt with organic base include salts with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine], tert-butylamine, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N-dibenzylethylenediamine and the like.
• salt with inorganic acid examples include salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.
• the salt with organic acid include salts with formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
• salt with basic amino acid examples include salts with arginine, lysine, ornithine and the like.
• salt with acidic amino acid include salts with aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the like.
• a prodrug of compound (I) means a compound which is converted to compound (I) with a reaction due to an enzyme, an gastric acid, etc. under the physiological condition in the living body, that is, a compound which is converted to compound (I) by oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, etc. according to an enzyme; a compound which is converted to compound (I) by hydrolysis etc. due to gastric acid, etc.
• Examples of the prodrug of compound (I) include a compound obtained by subjecting an amino group in compound (I) to an acylation, alkylation or phosphorylation (e.g., a compound obtained by subjecting an amino group in compound (I) to an eicosanoylation, alanylation, pentylaminocarbonylation, (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methoxycarbonylation, tetrahydrofuranylation, pyrrolidylmethylation, pivaloyloxymethylation or tert-butylation); a compound obtained by subjecting a hydroxy group in compound (I) to an acylation, alkylation, phosphorylation or boration (e.g., a compound obtained by subjecting a hydroxy group in compound (I) to an acetylation, palmitoylation, propanoylation, pivaloylation, succinylation, fumarylation, alanylation or dimethyla
• a prodrug for compound (I) may also be one which is converted to compound (I) under a physiological condition, such as those described in IYAKUHIN no KAIHATSU, Development of Pharmaceuticals, Vol. 7, Design of Molecules, p. 163-198, Published by HIROKAWA SHOTEN, 1990.
• a prodrug may be in the form of a salt.
• the salt include those exemplified as the salt of the compound represented by the aforementioned formula (I).
• compound (I) may be labeled with an isotope (e.g., 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 18 F, 35 S, 125 I) and the like.
• an isotope e.g., 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 18 F, 35 S, 125 I
• Compound (I) may be a hydrate or a non-hydrate, and a solvate or a non-solvate.
• Compound (I) also encompasses a deuterium conversion form wherein 1 H is converted to 2 H(D).
• Compound (I) may be a pharmaceutically acceptable cocrystal or cocrystal salt.
• the cocrystal or cocrystal salt means a crystalline substance consisting of two or more particular substances which are solids at room temperature, each having different physical properties (e.g., structure, melting point, heat of melting, hygroscopicity, solubility, stability etc.).
• the cocrystal and cocrystal salt can be produced by cocrystallization known per se.
• Compound (I) or a prodrug thereof (hereinafter sometimes to be abbreviated simply as the compound of the present invention) has low toxicity, and can be used as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of various diseases mentioned below in a mammal (e.g., human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, bovine, horse, swine, monkey) directly or in the form of a pharmaceutical composition by admixing with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier and the like.
• a mammal e.g., human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, bovine, horse, swine, monkey
• examples of the pharmacologically acceptable carrier include various organic or inorganic carrier substances conventionally used as preparation materials, which are added as excipient, lubricant, binder or disintegrant for solid dosage forms; as solvent, solubilizing agent, suspending agent, isotonicity agent, buffer or soothing agent for liquid preparation, and the like.
• preparation additives such as preservative, antioxidant, colorant, sweetener and the like can also be used.
• excipient examples include lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, starch, pregelatinized starch, dextrin, crystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gum arabic, pullulan, light anhydrous silicic acid, synthetic aluminum silicate and magnesium aluminometasilicate.
• lubricant examples include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc and colloidal silica.
• binder examples include pregelatinized starch, sucrose, gelatin, gum arabic, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, crystalline cellulose, sucrose, D-mannitol, trehalose, dextrin, pullulan, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
• disintegrant examples include lactose, sucrose, starch, carboxymethylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium croscarmellose, sodium carboxymethylstarch, light anhydrous silicic acid and low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose.
• the solvent include water for injection, physiological brine, Ringer's solution, alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, sesame oil, corn oil, olive oil and cottonseed oil.
• solubilizing agent examples include polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, D-mannitol, trehalose, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, trisaminomethane, cholesterol, triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium salicylate and sodium acetate.
• the suspending agent include surfactants such as stearyltriethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, lauryl aminopropionic acid, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, glyceryl monostearate and the like; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and the like; polysorbates and polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil.
• surfactants such as stearyltriethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, lauryl aminopropionic acid, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, glyceryl monostearate and the like
• hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethy
• isotonicity agent examples include sodium chloride, glycerol, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol and glucose.
• buffers such as phosphate, acetate, carbonate, citrate and the like.
• the soothing agent include benzyl alcohol.
• Preferable examples of the preservative include paraoxybenzoates, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid and sorbic acid.
• antioxidant examples include sulfite, ascorbate and the like.
• the colorant include aqueous food tar colors (e.g., food colors such as Food Red No. 2 and No. 3, Food Yellow No. 4 and No. 5, Food Blue No. 1 and No. 2, etc.), water insoluble lake dye (e.g., aluminum salt of the above-mentioned aqueous food tar color) and natural dye (e.g., ⁇ -carotene, chlorophyll, ferric oxide red).
• aqueous food tar colors e.g., food colors such as Food Red No. 2 and No. 3, Food Yellow No. 4 and No. 5, Food Blue No. 1 and No. 2, etc.
• water insoluble lake dye e.g., aluminum salt of the above-mentioned aqueous food tar color
• natural dye e.g., ⁇ -carotene, chlorophyll, ferric oxide red
• sweetening agent examples include sodium saccharin, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, aspartame and stevia.
• the medicament containing the compound of the present invention can be safely administered solely or by mixing with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier according to a method known per se (e.g., the method described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia etc.) as the production method of a pharmaceutical preparation, and in the form of, for example, tablet (including sugar-coated tablet, film-coated tablet, sublingual tablet, orally disintegrating tablet, buccal and the like), pill, powder, granule, capsule (including soft capsule, microcapsule), troche, syrup, liquid, emulsion, suspension, release control preparation (e.g., immediate-release preparation, sustained-release preparation, sustained-release microcapsule), aerosol, film (e.g., orally disintegrating film, oral mucosa-adhesive film), injection (e.g., subcutaneous injection, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection), drip infusion, transdermal absorption type preparation, ointment, lotion, adhesive preparation, suppository (e.g
• These preparations may be release control preparations (e.g., sustained-release microcapsule) such as immediate-release preparation, sustained-release preparation and the like.
• release control preparations e.g., sustained-release microcapsule
• immediate-release preparation e.g., immediate-release preparation, sustained-release preparation and the like.
• a pharmaceutical composition can be produced by a method conventionally used in the technical field of pharmaceutical preparation, for example, the method described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia and the like.
• the content of the compound of the present invention in the pharmaceutical composition varies depending on the dosage form, dose of the compound of the present invention, and the like, it is, for example, about 0.1 to 100 wt %.
• coating may be applied as necessary for the purpose of masking of taste, enteric property or durability.
• Examples of the coating base to be used for coating include sugar coating base, aqueous film coating base, enteric film coating base and sustained-release film coating base.
• sucrose is used as the sugar coating base.
• one or more kinds selected from talc, precipitated calcium carbonate, gelatin, gum arabic, pullulan, carnauba wax and the like may be used in combination.
• aqueous film coating base examples include cellulose polymers such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methylhydroxyethyl cellulose etc.; synthetic polymers such as polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E [Eudragit E (trade name)], polyvinylpyrrolidone etc.; and polysaccharides such as pullulan etc.
• cellulose polymers such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methylhydroxyethyl cellulose etc.
• synthetic polymers such as polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E [Eudragit E (trade name)], polyvinylpyrrolidone etc.
• polysaccharides such as pullulan etc.
• enteric film coating base examples include cellulose polymers such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose acetate succinate, carboxymethylethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate etc.; acrylic polymers such as methacrylic acid copolymer L [Eudragit L (trade name)], methacrylic acid copolymer LD [Eudragit L-30D55 (trade name)], methacrylic acid copolymer S [Eudragit S (trade name)] etc.; and naturally occurring substances such as shellac etc.
• cellulose polymers such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose acetate succinate, carboxymethylethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate etc.
• acrylic polymers such as methacrylic acid copolymer L [Eudragit L (trade name)], methacrylic acid copolymer LD [Eudragit L-30D55 (trade name)], me
• sustained-release film coating base examples include cellulose polymers such as ethyl cellulose etc.; and acrylic polymers such as aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS [Eudragit RS (trade name)], ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer suspension [Eudragit NE (trade name)] etc.
• cellulose polymers such as ethyl cellulose etc.
• acrylic polymers such as aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS [Eudragit RS (trade name)], ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer suspension [Eudragit NE (trade name)] etc.
• the above-mentioned coating bases may be used after mixing with two or more kinds thereof at appropriate ratios.
• a light shielding agent such as titanium oxide, red ferric oxide and the like can be used.
• the compound of the present invention shows low toxicity (e.g., acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genetic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, carcinogenicity and the like) and a few side effects. Therefore, it can be used as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment or a diagnostic of various diseases in a mammal (e.g., human, bovine, horse, dog, cat, monkey, mouse, rat).
• a mammal e.g., human, bovine, horse, dog, cat, monkey, mouse, rat.
• the compound of the present invention has a superior ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitory action.
• ACC acetyl-CoA carboxylase
• Examples of ACC include liver, adipose tissue or pancreas-specific isozyme (ACC1); and muscle specific isozyme (ACC2).
• the compound of the present invention has ACC2 selectivity. Particularly, the compounds of Examples of the present invention have high ACC2 selectivity.
• the compound of the present invention is superior in the metabolism stability and has advantages such as long half-life of compound, difficult in vivo metabolism and the like.
• the compound of the present invention is superior in the in vivo kinetics (e.g., oral absorbability, bioavailability).
• the compound of the present invention can be used as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity, diabetes (e.g., type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, obese diabetes), hyperlipidemia (e.g., hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-cholesterolemia, hypoHDL-emia, postprandial hyperlipemia), hypertension, cardiac failure, diabetic complications [e.g., neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cataract, macroangiopathy, osteopenia, hyperosmolar diabetic coma, infections (e.g., respiratory infection, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, dermal soft tissue infections, inferior limb infection), diabetic gangrene, xerostomia, hypacusis, cerebrovascular disorder, peripheral blood circulation disorder], metabolic syndrome (pathology having three or more selected from hypertriglyceridemia (TG), low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertension, abdomen obesity and impaired glucose tolerance), sarc
• diabetes is a condition showing any of a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 126 mg/dl, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) 2 hr level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 200 mg/dl, and a non-fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 200 mg/dl.
• a condition not falling under the above-mentioned diabetes and different from “a condition showing a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of less than 110 mg/dl or a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) 2 hr level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of less than 140 mg/dl” (normal type) is called a “borderline type”.
• diabetes is a condition showing a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 126 mg/dl and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test 2 hr level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 200 mg/dl.
• impaired glucose tolerance is a condition showing fasting blood sugar level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of less than 126 mg/dl and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test 2 hr level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 140 mg/dl and less than 200 mg/dl.
• a condition showing a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration of intravenous plasma) of not less than 110 mg/dl and less than 126 mg/dl is called IFG (Impaired Fasting Glucose).
• IFG Impaired Fasting Glucose
• IFG Impaired Fasting Glycemia
• the compound of the present invention can be also used as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes, borderline type, impaired glucose tolerance, IFG (Impaired Fasting Glucose) and IFG (Impaired Fasting Glycemia), as determined according to the above-mentioned new diagnostic criteria. Moreover, the compound of the present invention can prevent progress of borderline type, impaired glucose tolerance, IFG (Impaired Fasting Glucose) or IFG (Impaired Fasting Glycemia) into diabetes.
• Target mammals may be any mammals of which body weight gain is to be avoided.
• the mammals may have a risk of body weight gain genetically or may be suffering from lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia and the like.
• the body weight gain may be caused by excessive feeding or diet without nutrient balance, or may be derived from concomitant drug (e.g., agents for enhancing insulin sensitivity having PPAR ⁇ -agonistic activity such as troglitazone, rosiglitazone, englitazone, ciglitazone, pioglitazone and the like).
• body weight gain may be preliminary to obesity, or may be body weight gain of obesity patients.
• obesity is defined that BMI (body mass index; body weight (kg)/[height (m)] 2 ) is not less than 25 for Japanese (criterion by Japan Society for the Study of Obesity), or not less than 30 for westerner (criterion by WHO).
• the compound of the present invention is also useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity without body weight increase.
• the compound (I) is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of metabolic syndrome. Because patients with metabolic syndrome have an extreme high incidence of cardiovascular diseases as compared to patients with single lifestyle-related disease, the prophylaxis or treatment of metabolic syndrome is quite important to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
• the compound of the present invention can also be used, for example, as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of osteoporosis, cachexia (e.g., carcinomatous cachexia, tuberculous cachexia, diabetic cachexia, hemopathic cachexia, endocrinopathic cachexia, infectious cachexia or cachexia induced by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), fatty liver, polycystic ovary syndrome, renal disease (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, glomerulosclerosis, nephrosis syndrome, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, terminal renal disorder), muscular dystrophy, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, cerebrovascular disorder (e.g., cerebral infarction, cerebral apoplexy), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, anxiety, dementia, insulin resistance syndrome, syndrome X, hyperinsulinemia, sensory abnormality in hyperinsulinemia, irritable bowel syndrome, acute or chronic diarrhea, inflammatory disease (e.g
• the compound of the present invention can also be used as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of various carcinomas (particularly breast cancer (e.g., invasive ductal carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, inflammatory breast cancer and the like), prostate cancer (e.g., hormone-dependent prostate cancer, non-hormone dependent prostate cancer and the like), pancreatic cancer (e.g., pancreatic duct cancer and the like), gastric cancer (e.g., papillary adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and the like), lung cancer (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma and the like), colorectal cancer (e.g., gastrointestinal stromal tumor and the like), rectal cancer (e.g., gastrointestinal stromal tumor and the like), colorectal cancer (e.g., familial colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis color
• the compound of the present invention can also be used for secondary prevention or suppression of progression of the above-mentioned various diseases (e.g., cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and the like).
• various diseases e.g., cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and the like.
• the dose of the compound of the present invention varies depending on the subject of administration, administration route, target disease, symptom and the like, for example, for oral administration to an adult obese patient, it is generally about 0.01 to 100 mg/kg body weight, preferably 0.05 to 30 mg/kg body weight, more preferably 0.1 to 10 mg/kg body weight for one dose, further preferably 0.1 to 2 mg/kg body weight for one dose, which is desirably administered once to 3 times a day.
• the compound can be used in combination with medicaments such as therapeutic agents for diabetes, therapeutic agents for diabetic complications, therapeutic agents for hyperlipidemia, antihypertensive agents, antiobesity agents, diuretics, antithrombotic agents and the like (hereinafter to be abbreviated as concomitant drug).
• concomitant drug therapeutic agents for diabetes, therapeutic agents for diabetic complications, therapeutic agents for hyperlipidemia, antihypertensive agents, antiobesity agents, diuretics, antithrombotic agents and the like
• concomitant drug The time of administration of the compound of the present invention and that of the concomitant drug are not limited, and these concomitant drugs may be low-molecular-weight compounds or high-molecular-weight protein, polypeptide, antibody, vaccine and the like. They may be administered simultaneously or in a staggered manner to the administration subject.
• the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug may be administered as two kinds of preparations containing respective active ingredients or a single preparation containing both active ingredients
• the dose of the concomitant drug can be appropriately determined based on the dose employed clinically.
• the mixing ratio of the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug can be appropriately determined according to the administration subject, administration route, target disease, condition, combination, and the like.
• the concomitant drug may be used in an amount of 0.01 to 100 parts by weight per 1 part by weight of the compound of the present invention.
• insulin preparations e.g., animal insulin preparations extracted from pancreas of bovine or swine; human insulin preparations genetically synthesized using Escherichia coli or yeast; zinc insulin; protamine zinc insulin; fragment or derivative of insulin (e.g., INS-1), oral insulin preparation
• insulin sensitizers e.g., pioglitazone or a salt thereof (preferably hydrochloride), rosiglitazone or a salt thereof (preferably maleate), Metaglidasen, AMG-131, Balaglitazone, MBX-2044, Rivoglitazone, Aleglitazar, Chiglitazar, Lobeglitazone, PLX-204, PN-2034, GFT-505, THR-0921, compound described in WO 2007/013694, WO 2007/018314, WO 2008/093639 or WO 2008/099794), ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitors (e.g., vogli
• Examples of the therapeutic agents for diabetic complications include aldose reductase inhibitors (e.g., tolrestat, epalrestat, zopolrestat, fidarestat, CT-112, ranirestat (AS-3201), lidorestat), neurotrophic factor and increasing drugs thereof (e.g., NGF, NT-3, BDNF, neurotrophic factors and increasing drugs thereof (e.g., 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)-5-[3-(2-methylphenoxy)propyl]oxazole) described in WO01/14372, a compound described in WO 2004/039365), nerve regeneration promoter (e.g., Y-128), PKC inhibitors (e.g., ruboxistaurin mesylate), AGE inhibitors (e.g., ALT946, pyratoxanthine, N-phenacylthiazolium bromide (ALT766), ALT-711, EXO-226,
• statin compounds e.g., pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin, pitavastatin or a salt thereof (e.g., sodium salt, calcium salt)
• squalene synthase inhibitors e.g., a compound described in WO97/10224, for example, N-[[(3R,5S)-1-(3-acetoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-7-chloro-5-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]acetyl]piperidine-4-acetic acid
• fibrate compounds e.g., bezafibrate, clofibrate, simfibrate, clinofibrate
• anion exchange resins e.g., colestyramine
• antihypertensive agent examples include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (e.g., captopril, enalapril, delapril etc.), angiotensin II antagonists (e.g., candesartan cilexetil, candesartan, losartan, losartan potassium, eprosartan, valsartan, telmisartan, irbesartan, tasosartan, olmesartan, olmesartan medoxomil, azilsartan, azilsartan medoxomil), calcium antagonists (e.g., manidipine, nifedipine, amlodipine, efonidipine, nicardipine, amlodipine, cilnidipine and the like), ⁇ blockers (e.g., metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol, carvedilol, pind
• antiobesity agent examples include monoamine uptake inhibitors (e.g., phentermine, sibutramine, mazindol, fluoxetine, tesofensine), serotonin 2C receptor agonists (e.g., lorcaserin), serotonin 6 receptor antagonists, histamine H3 receptor GABA modulator (e.g., topiramate), MCH receptor antagonists (e.g., SB-568849; SNAP-7941; compound described in WO 01/82925 or WO 01/87834), neuropeptide Y antagonists (e.g., velneperit), cannabinoid receptor antagonists (e.g., rimonabant, taranabant), ghrelin antagonists, ghrelin receptor antagonists, ghrelinacylation enzyme inhibitors, opioid receptor antagonists (e.g., GSK-1521498), orexin receptor antagonists, melanocortin 4 receptor agonists, 11 ⁇ -hydroxystea
• diuretics examples include xanthine derivatives (e.g., theobromine sodium salicylate, theobromine calcium salicylate), thiazide preparations (e.g., ethiazide, cyclopenthiazide, trichloromethiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, penflutizide, polythiazide, methyclothiazide), antialdosterone preparations (e.g., spironolactone, triamterene), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide), chlorobenzenesulfonamide agents (e.g., chlortalidone, mefruside, indapamide), azosemide, isosorbide, ethacrynic acid, piretanide, bumetanide, furosemide and the like.
• antithrombotic agent examples include heparins (e.g., heparin sodium, heparin calcium, enoxaparin sodium, dalteparin sodium), warfarins (e.g., warfarin potassium), anti-thrombin drugs (e.g., argatroban, dabigatran), thrombolytic agents (e.g., urokinase, tisokinase,reteplase, nateplase, monteplase, pamiteplase), platelet aggregation inhibitors (e.g., ticlopidine hydrochloride, clopidogrel, E5555, SHC530348, cilostazol, ethyl icosapentate, beraprost sodium, sarpogrelate hydrochloride, prasugrel, E5555, SHC530348), FXa inhibitors (e.g., rivaroxaban, apixaban, e
• the compound of the present invention can be used in combination with traditional Chinese medicines such as bohu-tusyosan, daisaikoto, boi-ogito and the like.
• the administration time of the aforementioned concomitant drug is not limited, and the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug may be administered to an administration subject simultaneously, or may be administered at different times.
• the dosage of the concomitant drug may be determined according to the dosage clinically used, and can be appropriately selected depending on the administration subject, administration route, diseases, combination thereof and the like.
• the administration mode of the concomitant drug is not particularly limited, and the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug only need to be combined on administration.
• Examples of such administration mode include the following:
• the compounding ratio of the compound of the present invention to the concomitant drug can be appropriately selected depending on the administration subject, administration route, diseases and the like.
• starting material compounds may be each in the foLm of a salt as long as it inhibits the reaction.
• the salt include those exemplified as the above-mentioned salt of the compound represented by formula (I).
• the starting material compound may be easily commercially available, or can also be produced according to a method known per se, or a method analogous thereto.
• the product can be used for the next reaction as the reaction mixture or as a crude product, or can also be isolated according to a conventional method from the reaction mixture, and can also be easily purified according to a conventional separation means (e.g., recrystallization, distillation, chromatography).
• a conventional separation means e.g., recrystallization, distillation, chromatography
• nitrile solvents examples include acetonitrile, propionitrile and the like.
• amide solvents examples include N,N-dimethylfoimamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like.
• halogenated hydrocarbon solvents examples include dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride and the like.
• ether solvents examples include diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and the like.
• aromatic solvents examples include benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, (trifluoromethyl)benzene, pyridine and the like.
• aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents examples include hexane, pentane, cyclohexane and the like.
• sulfoxide solvents examples include dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the like.
• alcohol solvents examples include methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-propanol, butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol and the like.
• ester solvents examples include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate and the like.
• ketone solvents examples include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and the like.
• organic acid solvents examples include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid and the like.
• organic bases examples include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and the like.
• Examples of the “basic salt” include sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and the like.
• aromatic amines examples include pyridine, imidazole, 2,6-lutidine and the like.
• tertiary amines examples include triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene), DBN (1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene) and the like.
• Examples of the “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal” include lithium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, calcium hydride and the like.
• metal amides examples include lithium amide, sodium amide, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium dicyclohexylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide, sodium hexamethyldisilazide, potassium hexamethyldisilazide and the like.
• alkyl metals examples include n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, methylmagnesium bromide and the like.
• aryl metals examples include phenyllithium, phenylmagnesium bromide and the like.
• metal alkoxides examples include sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide and the like.
• a protecting group generally used in peptide chemistry and the like may be introduced into these groups. By removing the protecting group as necessary after the reaction, the object compound can be obtained.
• amino-protecting group examples include a formyl group, a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group, a benzoyl group, a C 7-10 aralkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzylcarbonyl), a C 7-14 aralkyloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl), a trityl group, a phthaloyl group, a N,N-dimethylaminomethylene group, a substituted silyl group (e.g., trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiethylsilyl), a C 2-6 alkenyl group (e.g., 1-allyl), a substituted C 7-10 aralky
• Examples of the carboxyl-protecting group include a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 7-10 aralkyl group (e.g., benzyl), a phenyl group, a trityl group, a substituted silyl group (e.g., trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiethylsilyl), a C 2-6 alkenyl group (e.g., 1-allyl) and the like. These groups are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, a alkoxy group and a nitro group.
• aralkyl group e.g., benzyl
• a phenyl group e.g., a trityl group
• a substituted silyl group e.g., trimethylsilyl, trieth
• hydroxy-protecting group examples include a C 1-6 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a trityl group, a C 7-10 aralkyl group (e.g., benzyl), a formyl group, a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a benzoyl group, a C 7-10 aralkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzylcarbonyl), a 2-tetrahydropyranyl group, a 2-tetrahydrofuranyl group, a substituted silyl group (e.g., trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiethylsilyl, tri-isopropylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl), a C 2-6 alkenyl group (e.g., 1-allyl,
• Examples of the protected carbonyl group include a cyclic acetal (e.g., 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane), a non-cyclic acetal (e.g., a di-C 1-6 alkylacetal) and the like.
• a cyclic acetal e.g., 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane
• a non-cyclic acetal e.g., a di-C 1-6 alkylacetal
• Examples of the sulfanyl-protecting group include a C 1-6 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a trityl group, a C 7-10 aralkyl group (e.g., benzyl), a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a benzoyl group, a C 7-10 aralkyl-carbonyl group (e.g., benzylcarbonyl), a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group, a C 6-14 aryloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., phenyloxycarbonyl), a C 7-14 aralkyloxy-carbonyl group (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl), a 2-tetrahydropyranyl group, a C 1-6 alkylamino-carbonyl group (e.g., methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbony
• the removal method of the protecting group can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like. Specifically, a method using acid, base, ultraviolet rays, hydrazine, phenylhydrazine, sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, palladium acetate, trialkylsilyl halide (e.g., trimethylsilyl iodide, trimethylsilyl bromide) and the like, a reduction method, and the like can be employed.
• L 1 is a halogen atom, a C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl group, a C 1-6 alkylsulfinyl group or a C 1-6 alkylsulfanyl group, and the other symbol are as defined above.
• Compound (I-A) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (A) with compound (2).
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (A) with compound (2) in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent.
• the reaction may be carried out under microwave irradiation, as necessary.
• the amount of compound (2) to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (A).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal”, “alkyl metals”, “aryl metals”, “metal alkoxides” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (A).
• inert solvent examples include “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF, DMF and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (A) and compound (2) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• M 1 is an amino-protecting group
• M 2 is a hydroxy-protecting group
• the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (5) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (3) with compound (4).
• Compound (8) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (5) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (8) can also be produced, for example, by reacting compound (3) with compound (7).
• Compound (9) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (3) with compound (2).
• Compound (9) can also be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (8) to an alkylation reaction.
• alkylation reaction examples include the following “method using a base and the corresponding halide or sulfonate”, “method employing the Mitsunobu reaction” and the like.
• the “method using a base and the corresponding halide or sulfonate” can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Journal of Chemical Society, pages 1530-1534, 1937 or the like, or a method analogous thereto.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (8) with the corresponding halide or sulfonate in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent.
• halide examples include optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl halides and optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl halides.
• the amount of the “halide” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (8).
• sulfonate examples include optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl sulfonates and optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl sulfonates.
• sulfonic acid examples include methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and the like.
• the amount of the “sulfonate” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (8).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “aromatic amines”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal”, “alkyl metals”, “aryl metals”, “metal alkoxides” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (8).
• inert solvent examples include “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF, DMF and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 150° C., preferably 0° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• the “method employing the Mitsunobu reaction” can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Tetrahedron Letters, pages 769-770, 1980 or the like, or a method analogous thereto.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (8) with the compound R 6 OH in the presence of a hydroxy group-activator, in an inert solvent.
• the amount of the above-mentioned “compound R 6 OH” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (8).
• hydroxy group-activator examples include cyanomethylenetri-n-butylphosphorane, a combination of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine, and the like.
• the amount of the “hydroxy group-activator” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (8).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 48 hr.
• Compound (10) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (9) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (I-1) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (10) to an acylation reaction.
• acylation reaction encompasses, for example, synthetic reactions of an amide derivative, a carbamate derivative and a urea derivative, and the like.
• the production of the “amide derivative” is carried out by the following “method using a dehydration-condensation agent” or “method using a reactive derivative of carboxylic acid”.
• the reaction is carried out by reacting compound (10) with the corresponding carboxylic acid in the presence of a dehydration-condensation agent, in an inert solvent.
• This reaction may be carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount to 5 equivalents of a base, a catalytic amount to 5 equivalents of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), and the like, as necessary.
• the amount of the above-mentioned “carboxylic acid” to be used is generally 0.5 to 5 equivalents, preferably 0.8 to 1.5 equivalents, relative to compound (10).
• dehydration-condensation agent examples include dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (WSC) and the like. Of these, WSC is preferable.
• the amount of the “dehydration-condensation agent” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (10).
• inert solvent examples include “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, amide solvents are preferable.
• base examples include “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines” and the like.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 1 to 48 hr.
• reaction is carried out by reacting compound (10) with 0.5 to 5 equivalents (preferably 0.8 to 3 equivalents) of the corresponding reactive derivative of carboxylic acid in an inert solvent. This reaction may be carried out in the presence of 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 equivalents, of a base, as necessary.
• Examples of the above-mentioned “reactive derivative of carboxylic acid” include acid halides (e.g., acid chlorides, acid bromides), mixed anhydrides (e.g., acid anhydrides with a C 1-6 alkyl-carboxylic acid, a C 6-10 aryl-carboxylic acid, a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonic acid or the like), activated esters (e.g., esters with a phenol optionally having substituent(s), HOBt, N-hydroxysuccinimide or the like), activated amides (e.g., amides with imidazole, triazole or the like) and the like.
• acid halides e.g., acid chlorides, acid bromides
• mixed anhydrides e.g., acid anhydrides with a C 1-6 alkyl-carboxylic acid, a C 6-10 aryl-carboxylic acid, a C 1-6 alkyl-carbonic acid or the like
• phenol optionally having substituent(s) examples include phenols such as phenol, pentachlorophenol, pentafluorophenol, p-nitrophenol and the like.
• the above-mentioned “reactive derivative of carboxylic acid” is preferably an acid anhydride.
• inert solvent examples include “ether solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “sulfoxide solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, pyridine, acetonitrile, THF, dichloromethane, chloroform and the like are preferable.
• base examples include “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines” and the like.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 20 to 100° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 50° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 40 hr, preferably 30 min to 18 hr.
• carboxylate derivative is carried out by reacting compound (10) with 0.5 to 5 equivalents (preferably 0.8 to 3 equivalents) of the corresponding dicarbonate or chloroformate in an inert solvent. This reaction may be carried out in the presence of 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 equivalents, of a base, as necessary.
• inert solvent examples include “ether solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, pyridine, acetonitrile, THF, DMF, dichloromethane, chloroform and the like are preferable.
• base examples include “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines” and the like.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 20 to 100° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 50° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 40 hr, preferably 30 min to 18 hr.
• urea derivative is carried out by reacting compound (10) with 0.5 to 5 equivalents (preferably 0.8 to 3 equivalents) of the corresponding isocyanate or carbamoyl chloride derivative in an inert solvent. This reaction may be carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount to 5 equivalents a base, as necessary.
• inert solvent examples include “ether solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, pyridine, acetonitrile, THF, DMF, dichloromethane, chloroform and the like are preferable.
• base examples include “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines” and the like.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 20 to 100° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 50° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 40 hr, preferably 30 min to 18 hr.
• Compound (3), compound (4) and compound (7) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• Compound (11) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (5) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (12) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (11) to an acylation reaction.
• Compound (14) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (5) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (15) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (14) to an amidation reaction.
• Compound (13) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (12) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (13) can also be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (15) to a deacylation reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (15) with a base in an inert solvent.
• base examples include “inorganic bases” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 1.5 equivalents, relative to compound (15).
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water at an appropriate ratio. Of these, “alcohol solvents” containing water are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78° C. to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 100 hr, preferably 30 min to 48 hr.
• the production method of compound (13) by a deacylation reaction of compound (15) can also be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (I-1) can be produced by, for example, by subjecting compound (13) to an alkylation reaction.
• This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the method of producing compound (9) by an alkylation reaction of compound (8), as shown in Reaction Scheme 2.
• L 2 is a sulfonyloxy group, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (16) is the same compound as compound (29).
• Compound (17) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (16) to a reduction reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (16) with a reducing agent in an inert solvent.
• reducing agent examples include metal hydrides (e.g., diisobutylaluminum hydride), metal hydride complex compounds (e.g., sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride) and the like.
• the amount of the “reducing agent” to be used is generally 0.1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (16).
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF, ethanol, methanol and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78° C. to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (18) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (17) to a sulfonylation reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (17) with a sulfonylating agent in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent.
• sulfonylating agent examples include methanesulfonyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and the like.
• the amount of the “sulfonylating agent” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 1.5 equivalents, relative to compound (17).
• base examples include “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (17).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 48 hr.
• Compound (19) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (18) to an azidation reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (18) with an azidating agent in an inert solvent.
• zidating agent examples include sodium azide, lithium azide, trimethylsilyl azide and the like.
• the amount of the “azidating agent” to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (18).
• inert solvent examples include “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “sulfoxide solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 200° C., preferably 0 to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 48 hr.
• Compound (10) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (19) to a reduction reaction.
• This reaction can be carried out by reacting compound (19) in the presence of a metal catalyst and a hydrogen source, in an inert solvent.
• metal catalyst examples include reduced iron, palladium-carbon, palladium black, palladium chloride, platinum oxide, platinum black, Raney-nickel, Raney-cobalt and the like.
• the amount of the “metal catalyst” to be used is generally 0.001 to 100 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (19).
• hydrogen source examples include hydrogen gas, formic acid, formic acid amine salt, phosphinate, hydrazine and the like.
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “ester solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “organic acid solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water at an appropriate ratio. Of these, “alcohol solvents” are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 48 hr.
• This reaction can also be carried out by reacting compound (19) with triphenylphosphine and water in an inert solvent.
• triphenylphosphine The amount of the above-mentioned “triphenylphosphine” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (19).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “sulfoxide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water at an appropriate ratio. Of these, “ether solvents” is preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• Compound (16) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• M 3 is an amino-protecting group, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (21) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (20) to a sulfonylation reaction.
• Compound (22) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (21) to an azidation reaction.
• Compound (23) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (22) to a reduction reaction.
• Compound (24) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (23) to an acylation reaction.
• Compound (A-1) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (24) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (13) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (A-1) with compound (7).
• Compound (20) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• L 3 is a halogen atom or a C 1-6 alkylsulfanyl group, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (26) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (25) to a halogenation or alkylation reaction.
• halogenation reaction is carried out by reacting compound (25) with a halogenating agent in an inert solvent or without solvent.
• halogenating agent examples include thionyl chloride and the like.
• the amount of the “halogenating agent” to be used is generally 1 equivalent to an excess amount, relative to compound (25).
• inert solvent examples include “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 1 min to 100 hr, preferably 5 min to 72 hr.
• alkylation reaction is carried out by reacting compound (25) with the corresponding alkylating agent in an inert solvent.
• a base may be used as necessary.
• alkylating agent examples include methyl iodide, dimethylsulfuric acid, diazomethane, trimethylsilyldiazomethane, ethyl iodide and the like.
• the amount of the “alkylating agent” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (25).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal”, “alkyl metals”, “metal alkoxides” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (25).
• inert solvent examples include “amide solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “alcohol solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 5 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (27) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (26) with compound (3).
• Compound (28) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (27) to a boronation reaction.
• boronation reaction is carried out by converting the bromine atom of compound (27) to a metal atom using an alkyl metal in an inert solvent, and then reacting the resulting compound with an organic boron compound.
• alkyl metal examples include alkyllithium, alkylmagnesium halide and the like.
• the amount of the “alkyl metal” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (27).
• organic boron compound examples include trialkylborane, trialkoxyborane and the like.
• the amount of the “organic boron compound” to be used is generally 2 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (27).
• inert solvent examples include “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 100° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 1 min to 48 hr, preferably 5 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (8) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (28) to an oxidation reaction.
• oxidation reaction is carried out by reacting compound (28) with an oxidant in an inert solvent.
• a base may be used as necessary.
• oxidant examples include oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides (e.g., m-chloroperbenzoic acid), inorganic peroxides (e.g., sodium perborate) and the like.
• the amount of the “oxidant” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (28).
• base examples include “inorganic bases” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 100 equivalents, preferably 1 to 50 equivalents, relative to compound (28).
• inert solvent examples include water, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 100° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 1 min to 48 hr, preferably 5 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (25) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• R 1a is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group or an optionally substituted phenyl group, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (29) is the same compound as compound (16).
• Compound (I-2) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (29) to a reductive amination reaction.
• the reductive amination reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Tetrahedron Letters, pages 8345-8349, 2001 or the like, or a method analogous thereto.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (29) with the compound R 1a NH 2 in the presence of a reducing agent, in an inert solvent. This reaction may be carried out in the presence of 1 equivalent to an excess amount of an organic acid, as necessary.
• the amount of the above-mentioned “compound R 1a NH 2 ” to be used is generally 1 to 5 equivalents, preferably 1 to 4 equivalents, relative to compound (29).
• reducing agent examples include metal hydrides (e.g., diisobutylaluminum hydride), metal hydride complex compounds (e.g., sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride), decaborane and the like.
• the amount of the “reducing agent” to be used is generally 0.1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (29).
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ester solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, methanol, THF, dichloroethane, dichloromethane and the like are preferable.
• organic acid examples include acetic acid and the like.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78° C. to 100° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 50° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (29) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• Compound (31) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (7) with compound (30).
• Compound (32) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (31) to an alkylation reaction.
• This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the method of producing compound (9) by an alkylation reaction of compound (8), as shown in Reaction Scheme 2.
• Compound (33) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (32) to a reduction reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (32) with a reducing agent in an inert solvent.
• reducing agent examples include metal hydrides (e.g., diisobutylaluminum hydride), metal hydride complex compounds (e.g., sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride) and the like.
• the amount of the “reducing agent” to be used is generally 0.1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (32).
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF, ethanol, methanol and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78° C. to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (35) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (33) with compound (34) in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent. This reaction may be carried out in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, as necessary.
• the amount of compound (34) to be used is generally 1 to 5 equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 equivalents, relative to compound (33).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal”, “metal alkoxides” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (33).
• phase-transfer catalyst examples include quaternary ammonium salts (e.g., tetrabutylammonium bromide, benzyltrioctylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate) and the like.
• the amount of the “phase-transfer catalyst” to be used is generally 0.001 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 1 equivalent, relative to compound (33).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “alcohol solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water or a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF, DMF and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (29-1) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (35) with the corresponding organic metal reagent in an inert solvent.
• organic metal reagent examples include Grignard reagents (e.g., methylmagnesium bromide, methylmagnesium chloride), organic lithium reagents (e.g., methyllithium) and the like.
• the amount of the “organic metal reagent” to be used is generally 0.1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (35).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78° C. to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (30) and compound (34) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• X 1 is an oxygen atom, an optionally oxidized sulfur atom or an optionally substituted nitrogen atom, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (37) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (34) with compound (36) in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent.
• Compound (38) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (37) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (39) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (38) with compound (7).
• Compound (40) can be produced, for example, compound (39) by subjecting to an alkylation reaction.
• This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the method of producing compound (9) by an alkylation reaction of compound (B), as shown in Reaction Scheme 2.
• Compound (29-2) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (40) with the corresponding organic metal reagent in an inert solvent.
• Compound (36) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• R 7 wherein 0 to 4 of R 7 are the same or different and each is a substituent, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (42) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (41) to the Mitsunobu reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (41) with an aminopyridine, mercaptopyridine or hydroxypyridine, each of which is optionally substituted, in the presence of an activator, in an inert solvent.
• the amount of the above-mentioned “aminopyridine, mercaptopyridine or hydroxypyridine, each of which is optionally substituted” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (41).
• activator examples include cyanomethylenetri-n-butylphosphorane, a combination of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine, and the like.
• the amount of the “activator” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (41).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• Compound (43) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (41) to a sulfonylation reaction.
• Compound (42) can also be produced, for example, by reacting compound (43) with an aminopyridine, mercaptopyridine or hydroxypyridine, each of which is optionally substituted.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (43) with an aminopyridine, mercaptopyridine or hydroxypyridine, each of which is optionally substituted, in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent.
• the amount of the above-mentioned “aminopyridine, mercaptopyridine or hydroxypyridine, each of which is optionally substituted” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (43).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal”, “metal alkoxides” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (43).
• inert solvent examples include “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “alcohol solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water or a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF, DMF and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 150° C., preferably 0° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (3-1) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (42) to a reduction reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (42) in the presence of a metal catalyst and a hydrogen source, in an inert solvent. This reaction may be carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount to an excess amount of an organic acid or 1 to 50 equivalents of hydrogen chloride, as necessary.
• metal catalyst examples include palladium-carbon, palladium black, palladium chloride, rhodium-carbon, platinum oxide, platinum black, platinum-palladium, Raney-nickel, Raney-cobalt and the like.
• the amount of the “metal catalyst” to be used is generally 0.001 to 1000 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 100 equivalents, relative to compound (42).
• hydrogen source examples include hydrogen gas and the like.
• organic acid examples include acetic acid and the like.
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “organic acid solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water at an appropriate ratio. Of these, “alcohol solvents” are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• the sulfone derivative or sulfoxide derivative which is a compound (42) or compound (3-1) wherein X 1 is an oxidized sulfur atom, can be produced by subjecting compound (42) or compound (3-1) wherein X 1 is a sulfur atom to an oxidation reaction.
• Compound (41) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• Compound (45) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (44) to a sulfonylation reaction.
• Compound (47) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (45) with compound (46).
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (45) with compound (46) in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent.
• the reaction may be carried out under microwave irradiation, as necessary.
• the amount of compound (46) to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (45).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (45).
• inert solvent examples include “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF, DMF and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (3-2) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (47) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (44) and compound (46) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• R a is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, and other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (49) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (48) with an optionally substituted alkyl haloacetate or an optionally substituted alkyl diazoacetate.
• reaction with an optionally substituted alkyl haloacetate is carried out by reacting compound (48) with an optionally substituted alkyl haloacetate in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent. This reaction may be carried out in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, as necessary.
• optionally substituted alkyl haloacetate examples include ethyl bromoacetate, tert-butyl bromoacetate and the like.
• the amount of the “optionally substituted alkyl haloacetate” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (48).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “aromatic amines”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal”, “metal alkoxides” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (48).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water or a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF, DMF and the like are preferable.
• phase-transfer catalyst examples include quaternary ammonium salts (e.g., tetrabutylammonium bromide, benzyltrioctylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate) and the like.
• the amount of the “phase-transfer catalyst” to be used is generally 0.001 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 1 equivalent, relative to compound (48).
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 150° C., preferably 0° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 100 hr, preferably 30 min to 48 hr.
• reaction with an optionally substituted alkyl diazoacetate is carried out by reacting compound (48) with an optionally substituted alkyl diazoacetate in the presence of a metal catalyst, in an inert solvent.
• Example of the above-mentioned “optionally substituted alkyl diazoacetate” include diazoethyl acetate and the like.
• the amount of the “optionally substituted alkyl diazoacetate” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (48).
• metal catalyst examples include rhodium acetate dimer and the like.
• the amount of the “metal catalyst” to be used is generally 0.001 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 1 equivalent, relative to compound (48).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, toluene, dichloromethane and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 150° C., preferably 0° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (50) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (49) to hydrolysis.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (49) with a base in an inert solvent.
• base examples include “inorganic bases” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 1.5 equivalents, relative to compound (49).
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water at an appropriate ratio. Of these, “alcohol solvents” containing water are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78° C. to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 100 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• the production method of compound (50) by removing the carboxy-protecting group of compound (49) can also be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (51) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (50) to an amidation reaction with N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine.
• Compound (52) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (51) with the corresponding organic metal reagent in an inert solvent.
• Compound (20) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (52) to a reduction reaction.
• Compound (48) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• R 3a is a perfluoro C 1-6 alkyl group, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (53) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (49) to a reduction reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (49) with a reducing agent in an inert solvent.
• reducing agent examples include metal hydrides (e.g., diisobutylaluminum hydride), metal hydride complex compounds (e.g., sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, calcium borohydride, sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride) and the like.
• the amount of the “reducing agent” to be used is generally 0.1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (49).
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 48 hr.
• Compound (54) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (53) to an oxidation reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (53) with an oxidant in an inert solvent. This reaction may be carried out in the presence of 1 to 10 equivalents of a base, as necessary.
• oxidant examples include tetrapropylammonium perruthenate, chromium trioxide, Dess-Martin reagent, sulfur trioxide pyridine complex and the like.
• the amount of the “oxidant” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (53).
• base examples include “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines” and the like.
• inert solvent examples include “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “sulfoxide solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 50° C., preferably ⁇ 78° C. to 0° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (20) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (54) with the corresponding organic metal reagent in an inert solvent.
• organic metal reagent examples include Grignard reagents (e.g., methylmagnesium bromide, methylmagnesium chloride), organic lithium reagents (e.g., methyllithium) and the like.
• the amount of the “organic metal reagent” to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (54).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78° C. to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (20-1) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (54) to a perfluoroalkylation reaction.
• This reaction solvent is carried out by reacting compound (54) with the corresponding perfluoroalkylating agent in the presence of a fluoride, in an inert. After completion of the above-mentioned reaction, desilylation reaction may be carried out, as necessary.
• perfluoroalkylating agent examples include trimethyl(perfluoroalkyl)silanes (e.g., trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane) and the like.
• the amount of the “perfluoroalkylating agent” to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (54).
• fluoride examples include tetraalkylammonium fluorides (e.g., tetrabutylammonium fluoride), metal fluorides (e.g., potassium fluoride) and the like.
• the amount of the “fluoride” to be used is generally a catalytic amount to 20 equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (54).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78° C. to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (49) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• Compound (55) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (54) to an epoxidation reaction.
• the epoxidation reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Journal of American Chemical Society, pages 867-868, 1962 or the like, or a method analogous thereto.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (54) with a sulfur ylide in an inert solvent.
• sulfur ylide examples include dimethylsulfonium methylide, dimethyloxosulfonium methylide and the like.
• the amount of the “sulfur ylide” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (54).
• inert solvent examples include “sulfoxide solvents”, “ether solvents”, “aromatic solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 78° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (20-2) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (55) to a fluorination reaction.
• fluorination reaction is carried out by reacting compound (55) with a fluorinating agent in an inert solvent or without solvent.
• fluorinating agent examples include tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride, potassium fluoride, tetrabutylammonium fluoride and the like.
• the amount of the “fluorinating agent” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 equivalents, relative to compound (55).
• inert solvent examples include “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “sulfoxide solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, chlorobenzene, DMF and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (54) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• R 8 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-5 alkyl group optionally substituted by halogen atom(s), R 9 is a substituent, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (56) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (54) with the corresponding organic metal reagent in an inert solvent.
• organic metal reagent examples include Grignard reagents (e.g., vinylmagnesium bromide), organic lithium reagents (e.g., vinyllithium) and the like.
• the amount of the “organic metal reagent” to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (54).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78° C. to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (57) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (56) to a silylation reaction.
• the silylation reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (58) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (57) to an oxidative cleavage or an ozone oxidation.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (57) with an oxidant in an inert solvent.
• a reoxidant may be used again, as necessary.
• oxidant examples include osmium tetroxide, potassium permanganate, ozone and the like.
• the amount of the “oxidant” to be used is generally 0.001 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 3 equivalents, relative to compound (57).
• reoxidant examples include sodium periodate and the like.
• the amount of the “reoxidant” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 equivalents, relative to the “oxidant”.
• inert solvent examples include “ketone solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “aromatic solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture with water or a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (59) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (58) to a fluorination reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (58) with a fluorinating agent in an inert solvent.
• fluorinating agent examples include (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride and the like.
• the amount of the “fluorinating agent” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 equivalents, relative to compound (58).
• inert solvent examples include “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “aromatic solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, toluene, dichloromethane and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (20-3) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (59) to a desilylation reaction.
• the desilylation reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (60) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (52) to a reductive amination reaction.
• Compound (A-2) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (60) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (52) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• Compound (62) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (61) to a reduction reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (61) in the presence of a metal catalyst and a hydrogen source, in an inert solvent.
• metal catalyst examples include palladium-carbon, palladium black, palladium chloride, platinum oxide, platinum black, Raney-nickel, Raney-cobalt and the like.
• the amount of the “metal catalyst” to be used is generally 0.001 to 100 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (61).
• hydrogen source examples include hydrogen gas, formic acid, formic acid amine salt, phosphinate, hydrazine and the like.
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water at an appropriate ratio. Of these, “alcohol solvents” are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• This reaction can also be carried out by reacting compound (61) in the presence of reduced iron and a chloride, in an inert solvent mixed with water at an appropriate ratio.
• the amount of the above-mentioned “reduced iron” to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 2 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (61).
• chloride examples include calcium chloride, ammonium chloride and the like.
• the amount of the “chloride” to be used is generally 0.1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (61).
• ink solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 200° C., preferably 0 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• Compound (63) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (62) to a cyclization reaction.
• cyclization reaction is carried out by reacting compound (62) with a thiocarbonylating agent in an inert solvent.
• the reaction may be carried out using 1 to 10 equivalents of a base, as necessary.
• thiocarbonylating agent examples include potassium ethylxanthate, 1,1′-thiocarbonyldiimidazole and the like.
• the amount of the “thiocarbonylating agent” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (62).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal”, “metal alkoxides” and the like.
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “amide solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 1 min to 48 hr, preferably 5 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (7-1) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (63) to a halogenation or alkylation reaction.
• Compound (61) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• Compound (65) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (64) to a tert-butoxycarbonylation reaction.
• This reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Synthesis, pages 2784-2788, 2006 or the like.
• This reaction can also be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (66) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (65) to a fluorination reaction.
• fluorination reaction is carried out by converting the hydrogen atom of compound (65) to a metal atom with an organic metal reagent in an inert solvent, and the reacting the resulting compound with a fluorinating agent.
• organic metal reagent examples include “alkyl metals”, “metal amides” and the like.
• the amount of the “organic metal reagent” to be used is generally 2 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (65).
• fluorinating agent examples include N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide and the like.
• the amount of the “fluorinating agent” to be used is generally 2 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (65).
• inert solvent examples include “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 100° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 1 min to 48 hr, preferably 5 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (62-1) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (66) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (64) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• L 4 is a halogen atom, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (68) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (67) to a cyclization reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (67) with a thiocyanate and a halogenating agent in an inert solvent or without solvent.
• a thiocyanate and a halogenating agent in an inert solvent or without solvent.
• One equivalent to an excess amount of an organic acid, relative to the thiocyanate, may be used, as necessary.
• thiocyanate examples include sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate and the like.
• the amount of the “thiocyanate” to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (67).
• organic acid examples include acetic acid and the like.
• halogenating agent examples include bromine, N-bromosuccinimide, sulfuryl dichloride and the like.
• the amount of the “halogenating agent” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (67).
• inert solvent examples include “nitrile solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, a mixture of two or more kinds thereof, and the like.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78° C. to 100° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 50° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 100 hr, preferably 30 min to 10 hr.
• Compound (4-1) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (68) to the Sandmeyer reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (68) in the presence of a nitrite and a halogenated copper, in an inert solvent.
• the reaction may be carried out in the presence of 1 to 10 equivalents of hydrogen chloride, or 1 equivalent to an excess amount of an organic acid, as necessary.
• nitrite examples include sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, tert-butyl nitrite, isoamyl nitrite and the like.
• the amount of the “nitrite” to be used is generally 1 to 3 equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 equivalents, relative to compound (68).
• halogenated copper examples include copper(I) bromide, copper(II) bromide, copper(I) chloride, copper(II) chloride and the like.
• the amount of the “halogenated copper” to be used is generally 0.5 to 3 equivalents, preferably 0.5 to 1.5 equivalents, relative to compound (68).
• organic acid examples include acetic acid and the like.
• inert solvent examples include “nitrile solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, water, a mixture of two or more kinds thereof, and the like.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78° C. to 50° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 10° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 100 hr, preferably 30 min to 10 hr.
• Compound (67) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• M 4 is a hydroxy-protecting group, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (70) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (69) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (71) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (70) to a reduction reaction.
• Compound (72) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (71) to a cyclization reaction.
• Compound (4-2) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (72) to a halogenation or alkylation reaction.
• Compound (69) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• Compound (4-3) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (73) to a halogenation or alkylation reaction.
• Compound (73) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• Compound (75) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (74) with the compound R 6 OH.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (74) with the compound R 6 OH in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent.
• the reaction may be carried out under microwave irradiation, as necessary.
• the reaction may be using, as a solvent, the “compound R 6 OH” instead of the inert solvent, as necessary.
• the amount of the above-mentioned “compound R 6 OH” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (74).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal”, “alkyl metals”, “metal alkoxides” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to the compound R 6 OH.
• inert solvent examples include “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “aromatic solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, THF, DMF and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (76) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (75) to a boronation reaction.
• Compound (77) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (76) to an oxidation reaction.
• Compound (78) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (77) to a hydroxyl-protection reaction.
• the hydroxy-protection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (79) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (78) to a carboxylation reaction.
• the above-mentioned “carboxylation reaction” is carried out, for example, by converting the hydrogen atom of compound (78) to a metal atom with an alkyl metal in an inert solvent, and then reacting the resulting compound with carbon dioxide.
• alkyl metal examples include alkyllithiums, alkylmagnesium halides and the like.
• the amount of the “alkyl metal” to be used is generally 1 equivalent to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (78).
• the amount of the carbon dioxide to be used is generally 10 to 100 equivalents, relative to compound (78).
• inert solvent examples include “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 100° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 1 min to 48 hr, preferably 5 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (80) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (79) to a rearrangement reaction.
• Compound (80) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (79) directly, or after conversion to a reactive derivative thereof (e.g., acid halides, acid amides, acid anhydrides, esters etc.) and the like, to a rearrangement reaction.
• a reactive derivative thereof e.g., acid halides, acid amides, acid anhydrides, esters etc.
• the amount of the diphenylphosphoryl azide to be used is generally 1 to 3 equivalents, preferably 1 to 1.5 equivalents, relative to compound (79).
• This reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, as necessary.
• base examples include “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines” and the like.
• This reaction is advantageously carried out in an inert solvent.
• the solvent include “ether solvents”, tert-butanol, “aromatic solvents” and the like.
• ether solvents tert-butanol
• aromatic solvents aromatic solvents
• the corresponding tert-butoxycarbonyl compound can be produced by adding tert-butanol after the progress of the rearrangement.
• the reaction time is generally about 10 min to about 48 hr, preferably about 15 min to about 24 hr.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 20° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.
• Compound (81) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (80) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (82) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (81) to a cyclization reaction.
• Compound (2-1) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (82) to a halogenation or alkylation reaction.
• Compound (74) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• Compound (84) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (83) to an alkylation reaction.
• This reaction is carried out in the same manner as in the method of producing compound (9) by an alkylation reaction of compound (8), as shown in Reaction Scheme 2.
• Compound (85) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (84) to a reduction reaction.
• Compound (86) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (85) to a cyclization reaction.
• Compound (2-2) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (86) to the Sandmeyer reaction.
• Compound (83) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• R 10 is a substituent
• R 11 is a C 1-6 alkyl group
• L 5 is a C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl group or a C 1-6 alkylsulfinyl group, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (88) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (87) to an oxidation reaction.
• Compound (87) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• Compound (I-3) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (90) with compound (89).
• This reaction is carried out by converting the hydrogen atom of compound (90) to a metal atom with an organic metal reagent in an inert solvent, and the reacting the resulting compound with compound (89).
• organic metal reagent examples include “alkyl metals”, “aryl metals”, “metal amides” and the like.
• the amount of the “organic metal reagent” to be used is generally 1 equivalent to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (90).
• the amount of compound (90) to be used is generally 2 equivalents to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (89).
• inert solvent examples include “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “ether solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100° C. to 100° C., preferably ⁇ 78° C. to 50° C.
• the reaction time is generally 1 min to 48 hr, preferably 5 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (I-4) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (I-3) to a reduction reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (I-3) with a reducing agent in an inert solvent.
• the reaction may be carried out in the presence of 1 equivalent to an excess amount of an organic acid, as necessary.
• reducing agent examples include trialkylsilane (e.g., triethylsilane) and the like.
• the amount of the “reducing agent” to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, relative to compound (I-3).
• organic acid examples include acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like.
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 50 to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• This reaction can also be carried out, for example, by reacting compound (I-3) in the presence of a metal catalyst and a hydrogen source, in an inert solvent.
• the reaction may be carried out in the presence of 1 equivalent to an excess amount of an inorganic acid or an organic acid, as necessary.
• metal catalyst examples include palladium-carbon, palladium black, palladium chloride, platinum oxide, platinum black, Raney-nickel, Raney-cobalt and the like.
• the amount of the “metal catalyst” to be used is generally 0.001 to 100 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (I-3).
• hydrogen source examples include hydrogen gas, formic acid, formic acid amine salt, phosphinate, hydrazine and the like.
• organic acid examples include hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid and the like.
• organic acid examples include acetic acid and the like.
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “organic acid solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water at an appropriate ratio. Of these, “alcohol solvents” are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• Z is a protected carbonyl group, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Examples of the protected carbonyl group include cyclic acetals (e.g., 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane), non-cyclic acetals (e.g., di-C 1-6 alkylacetal) and the like.
• cyclic acetals e.g., 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane
• non-cyclic acetals e.g., di-C 1-6 alkylacetal
• Compound (92) can be produced, for example, in the same manner as in the method of producing compound (52) from compound (50) in Reaction Scheme 12 and using compound (91).
• Compound (93) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (92) to a reduction reaction.
• Compound (94) can be produced, for example, in the same manner as in the method of producing compound (24) from compound (20) in Reaction Scheme 5 and using compound (93).
• Compound (89-1) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (94) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (95) can be produced, for example, in the same manner as in the method of producing compound (I-2) from compound (29) in Reaction Scheme 7 and using compound (92).
• Compound (89-2) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (95) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (91) can be produced according to a method known per se.
• Compound (42) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (96) to a substitution reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (96) with pyridine (97) substituted by a leaving group, which is optionally substituted, in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent.
• the amount of the above-mentioned “pyridine substituted by a leaving group, which is optionally substituted” to be used is generally 0.1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.3 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (96).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal”, “metal alkoxides” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (96).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents”, “nitrile solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• Compound (42) can also be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (99) to a reduction reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (99) in the presence of a metal catalyst and a hydrogen source, in an inert solvent. This reaction may be carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount to an excess amount of an organic acid or 1 to 50 equivalents of hydrogen chloride, as necessary.
• metal catalyst examples include palladium-carbon, palladium black, palladium chloride, rhodium-carbon, platinum oxide, platinum black, platinum-palladium, Raney-nickel, Raney-cobalt and the like.
• the amount of the “metal catalyst” to be used is generally 0.001 to 1000 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 100 equivalents, relative to compound (99).
• hydrogen source examples include hydrogen gas and the like.
• the pressure of the hydrogen gas used as a “hydrogen source” is generally 1 pressure to 100 pressures, preferably 1 pressure to 10 pressures.
• organic acid examples include acetic acid and the like.
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “organic acid solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water at an appropriate ratio. Of these, “alcohol solvents” are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• Compound (99) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (96) to a substitution reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (96) with pyridine-N-oxide (98) substituted by a leaving group, which is optionally substituted, in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent.
• the amount of the above-mentioned “pyridine-N-oxide substituted by a leaving group, which is optionally substituted” to be used is generally 0.1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.3 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (96).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal”, “metal alkoxides” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (96).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents”, “nitrile solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• Compound (99) can also be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (42) to an oxidation reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (42) in the presence of an oxidant, in an inert solvent.
• oxidant examples include peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, persulfuric acid and the like; organic peroxides such as m-chloroperbenzoic acid and the like; persulfates such as OXONE® and the like, and the like.
• the amount of the “oxidant” to be used is generally 1 to 100 equivalents, preferably 1 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (42).
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, acetic acid and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water at an appropriate ratio. Of these, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and “aromatic solvents” are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• Compound (3-1) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (99) or compound (42) to a reduction reaction.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (99) or compound (42) in the presence of a metal catalyst and a hydrogen source, in an inert solvent. This reaction may be carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount to an excess amount of an organic acid or 1 to 50 equivalents of hydrogen chloride, as necessary.
• metal catalyst examples include palladium-carbon, palladium black, palladium chloride, rhodium-carbon, platinum oxide, platinum black, platinum-palladium, Raney-nickel, Raney-cobalt and the like.
• the amount of the “metal catalyst” to be used is generally 0.01 to 1000 equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 100 equivalents, relative to compound (42) or compound (99).
• hydrogen source examples include hydrogen gas and the like.
• organic acid examples include acetic acid and the like.
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents”, “organic acid solvents” and the like. These solvents are preferably used in a mixture with water at an appropriate ratio. Of these, “alcohol solvents” are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• Compound (100) can be produced, for example, according to the production method of compound (100-1), compound (100-2) or compound (100-3) in Reaction Scheme 29, Reaction Scheme 30 or Reaction Scheme 32, or a method analogous thereto.
• Compound (100-1), compound (100-2) and compound (100-3) are encompassed in compound (100).
• Compound (I-5) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (100) to a reductive amination reaction.
• Compound (104) can be produced, for example, in the same manner as in the method of producing compound (10) from compound (16) in Reaction Scheme 4 and using compound (100) as a starting material.
• Compound (I-6) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (104) to an acylation reaction.
• R 12 and R 13 are each a substituent
• R 14 and R 15 are each a substituent
• R 14 and R 15 in combination form a ring
• the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (107) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (105) with an ⁇ -diazophosphonate compound (106).
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (105) with an ⁇ -diazophosphonate compound (106) in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent.
• the amount of ⁇ -diazophosphonate compound (106) to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (105).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal”, “metal alkoxides” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (105).
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 78 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 48 hr.
• Compound (109) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (107) to a benzofuran ring-formation reaction with compound (108).
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (107) with compound (108) in the presence of a transition metal catalyst and a base, in an inert solvent, under inert gas atmosphere.
• a ligand may be added, as necessary.
• the amount of compound (107) to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (108).
• transition metal catalyst examples include palladium catalysts, nickel catalysts, iron catalysts, cobalt catalysts and the like.
• the palladium catalyst examples include bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride and the like.
• the amount of the “transition metal catalyst” to be used is generally 0.001 to 1 equivalent, preferably 0.01 to 0.1 equivalents, relative to compound (108).
• copper catalyst and the like may be added as a co-catalyst.
• the copper catalyst include copper(I) iodide and the like.
• the amount of the “co-catalyst” to be used is generally 0.001 to 1 equivalent, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 equivalents, relative to compound (108).
• ligand examples include phosphine ligands.
• phosphine ligand examples include triphenylphosphine and the like.
• the amount of the “ligand” to be used is generally 0.001 to 20 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 1 equivalent, relative to compound (108).
• base examples include “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 0.1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (108).
• the base may be used as a solvent.
• inert solvent examples include “amide solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• inert gas examples include nitrogen, argon and the like.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70 to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• This reaction can also be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Synthesis, pages 749-751, 1986 or the like, or a method analogous thereto.
• Compound (110) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (109) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (112) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (110) with compound (111).
• Compound (100-1) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (112) to a substitution reaction with the corresponding organic metal reagent.
• R 16 is a carboxy-protecting group, and the other symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (114) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (113) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (116) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (114) to an amidation reaction with compound (115).
• Compound (117) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (116) to a cyclization reaction.
• cyclization reaction is carried out by reacting compound (116) in the presence of an activator, in an inert solvent.
• activator examples include p-toluenesulfonic acid, a combination of diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine, a combination of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine, a combination of hexachloroethane, triphenylphosphine and a base, and the like.
• the amount of the “activator” to be used is generally 0.001 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 8 equivalents, relative to compound (116).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• base examples include “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines” and the like.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70° C. to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 hr to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 hr to 40 hr.
• Compound (118) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (117) to an alkylation reaction.
• Compound (119) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (118) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (120) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (119) with compound (111).
• Compound (100-2) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (120) to a substitution reaction with the corresponding organic metal reagent.
• ring A′ is an aromatic ring
• R 17 is a substituent
• Compound (122) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (121) to the Mitsunobu reaction with compound (41).
• Compound (123) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (122) to a reduction reaction.
• Compound (124) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (123) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (125) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (124) to an azidation reaction.
• azidation reaction is carried out by reacting compound (124) with an azidating agent in the presence of an activator, in an inert solvent.
• azidating agent examples include diphenylphosphinoazide (DPPA) and the like.
• DPPA diphenylphosphinoazide
• the amount of the “azidating agent” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (124).
• activator examples include a combination of diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine, a combination of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine, a combination of hexachloroethane, triphenylphosphine and a base, and the like.
• the amount of the “activator” to be used is generally 0.001 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 8 equivalents, relative to compound (124).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70° C. to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 hr to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 hr to 40 hr.
• azidation reaction can also be carried out by compound (124) with an azidating agent in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent.
• azidating agent examples include diphenylphosphinoazide (DPPA) and the like.
• DPPA diphenylphosphinoazide
• the amount of the “azidating agent” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (124).
• base examples include “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (124).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70° C. to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 hr to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 hr to 40 hr.
• Compound (127) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (125) with organic phosphorus compound (126).
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (125) with organic phosphorus compound (126) in an inert solvent.
• organic phosphorus compound examples include triphenylphosphine, tributylphosphine and the like.
• the amount of the “organic phosphorus compound” to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (125).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. In addition, the reaction may be carried out without solvent.
• the reaction temperature is generally 0° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 hr to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 hr to 40 hr.
• This reaction can also be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Tetrahedron, pages 437-472, 1981 or the like, or a method analogous thereto.
• Compound (129) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (127) to a condensation reaction with compound (128).
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (127) with compound (128) in an inert solvent.
• the amount of compound (128) to be used is generally 1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (127).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents”, “alcohol solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. In addition, the reaction may be carried out without solvent.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78° C. to 200° C., preferably 0° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 hr to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 hr to 40 hr.
• Compound (130) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (129) to a cyclization reaction.
• cyclization reaction is carried out by reacting compound (129) with an organic phosphorus compound in an inert solvent.
• organic phosphorus compound examples include triethyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphite and the like.
• the amount of the “organic phosphorus compound” to be used is generally 1 to 100 equivalents, preferably 1 to 10 equivalents, relative to compound (129).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. In addition, the reaction may be carried out without solvent.
• the reaction temperature is generally 0° C. to 200° C., preferably 50° C. to 200° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 hr to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 hr to 40 hr.
• Compound (131) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (130) to a deprotection reaction.
• the deprotection reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1980) or the like.
• Compound (I-7) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (131) to an acylation reaction.
• Compound (133) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (132) to a condensation reaction with compound (128).
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (132) with compound (128) in an inert solvent.
• An acid and the like can be used, as necessary.
• the amount of compound (128) to be used is generally 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (132).
• Examples of the above-mentioned “acid” include hydrochloric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
• the amount of the “acid” to be used is generally 0.001 to 20 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (132).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents”, “nitrile solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. In addition, the reaction may be carried out without solvent.
• the reaction temperature is generally 0° C. to 200° C., preferably 50° C. to 150° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 hr to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 hr to 40 hr.
• Compound (134) can be produced, for example, compound (133) to a cyclization reaction.
• Compound (135) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (134) to a reduction reaction.
• reaction is carried out by reacting compound (134) in the presence of a reducing agent, in an inert solvent.
• reducing agent examples include metal hydrides (e.g., sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride), metal hydride complex compounds (e.g., sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride) and the like.
• the amount of the “reducing agent” to be used is generally 0.1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, relative to compound (134).
• inert solvent examples include “alcohol solvents”, “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “amide solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 70° C. to 150° C., preferably ⁇ 20° C. to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 hr to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 hr to 40 hr.
• Compound (136) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (135) to an oxidation reaction.
• oxidation reaction can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, pages 5282-5290, 2006 or the like, or a method analogous thereto.
• This reaction is carried out by reacting compound (135) with an oxidant in an inert solvent.
• oxidant examples include manganese dioxide, tetrapropylammonium perruthenate, chromium trioxide, Dess-Martin reagent and the like.
• the amount of the “oxidant” to be used is generally 1 to 5 equivalents, preferably 1 to 1.5 equivalents, relative to compound (135).
• inert solvent examples include “nitrile solvents”, “amide solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “aromatic solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio. Of these, “nitrile solvents”, “ether solvents”, “halogenated hydrocarbon solvents” and the like are preferable.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 100 to 50° C., preferably ⁇ 78 to 0° C.
• the reaction time is generally 5 min to 48 hr, preferably 30 min to 24 hr.
• Compound (138) can be produced, for example, by reacting compound (136) with compound (137).
• This reaction is carried out by reacting, compound (136) with compound (137) in the presence of a base, in an inert solvent.
• the amount of compound (137) to be used is generally 1 to 5 equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 equivalents, relative to compound (136).
• base examples include “inorganic bases”, “basic salts”, “aromatic amines”, “tertiary amines”, “hydrides of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal”, “metal alkoxides” and the like.
• the amount of the “base” to be used is generally 1 to 5 equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 equivalents, relative to compound (136).
• inert solvent examples include “aromatic solvents”, “aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents”, “ether solvents”, “ester solvents”, “amide solvents”, “nitrile solvents” and the like. These solvents may be used in a mixture of two or more kinds thereof mixed at an appropriate ratio.
• the reaction temperature is generally ⁇ 78 to 200° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1 to 100 hr, preferably 0.1 to 40 hr.
• Compound (100-3) can be produced, for example, by subjecting compound (138) to a reduction reaction.
• a functional group within a molecule can also be converted to a desired functional group by a combination of chemical reactions known per se.
• Examples of the chemical reaction here include oxidation reaction, reduction reaction, alkylation reaction, acylation reaction, ureation reaction, hydrolysis reaction, amination reaction, esterification reaction, aryl coupling reaction, deprotection reaction and the like.
• Compound (I) obtained by the above-mentioned production methods can be isolated and purified by a known means, for example, solvent extraction, liquid conversion, phase transfer, crystallization, recrystallization, chromatography and the like.

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