US8456767B2 - Objective optical system - Google Patents

Objective optical system Download PDF

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US8456767B2
US8456767B2 US13/199,257 US201113199257A US8456767B2 US 8456767 B2 US8456767 B2 US 8456767B2 US 201113199257 A US201113199257 A US 201113199257A US 8456767 B2 US8456767 B2 US 8456767B2
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lens
group
positive
optical system
objective optical
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US20120057251A1 (en
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Hideyasu Takato
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Olympus Corp
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Olympus Medical Systems Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
    • G02B23/2407—Optical details
    • G02B23/2423—Optical details of the distal end
    • G02B23/243—Objectives for endoscopes

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  • the present invention relates to an objective optical system having a focusing function, and in particular, to an endoscope objective lens capable of near observation and an image-capturing lens for consumer compact cameras and so on.
  • a known objective optical system that aims at increasing the depth reduces the focal length while maintaining the same angle of view by using a first lens having a meniscus shape to prevent the occurrence of distortion (for example, see Patent Literature 1).
  • Known objective lenses having a focusing function are constituted by two groups, that is, negative and positive groups, two positive groups, or three groups, that is, negative, positive, and positive groups, respectively, and achieve focusing by moving the second group (for example, see Patent Literatures 2 to 4).
  • magnifying endoscope objective lenses capable of focusing on a nearer object point are constituted by three groups, that is, positive, negative, and positive groups, in which the negative second group moves to achieve focusing (for example, see Patent Literatures 4 to 6).
  • Another known type of objective lens is constituted by three groups, that is, negative, positive, and negative groups, in which the positive second group moves to achieve focusing (for example, see Patent Literature 7).
  • the objective lens disclosed in Patent Literature 1 is configured such that the first concave lens has a meniscus shape, and thus, the lens protrudes at the distal end of the endoscope. Therefore, water break is insufficient during observation and scratches tend to occur more frequently at the distal end lens due to impacts or the like.
  • the endoscope objective lenses disclosed in Patent Literatures 2 and 3 have the narrow field of view during observation.
  • the objective lens disclosed in Patent Literature 4 has considerable fluctuations on the image plane during focusing.
  • Patent Literatures 5 to 8 Since the optical systems disclosed in Patent Literatures 5 to 8 have a wide object point range in which focusing is possible, thus allowing observation at a nearer location, the magnification during the nearest observation is large, which is therefore suitable for magnified observation. There is a large change in the angle of view during focusing; that is, it is wide during ordinary observation of a far object point but becomes extremely narrow during near observation.
  • Patent Literatures 2, 4, and 6 disclose objective optical systems in which the first lens is formed in a meniscus shape to increase the depth.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide, in an objective optical system in which focusing can be achieved according to a change in object point distance, a high-performance objective optical system in which distortion hardly occurs and which is compatible with a high-pixel-count image acquisition device.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is an objective optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first group, a second group, and a third group, wherein the first group includes, in order from the object side, a plano-concave lens and a meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards an image side; and the second group includes a positive meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards the object side and moves in a direction of an optical axis to perform focusing.
  • a moving lens group for focusing may be any of the plurality of constituent groups.
  • the first group is constituted by a plano-concave lens disposed on the object side and a meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards the image side.
  • the focal length must be decreased. This absolutely needs correction of distortion.
  • the lens for distortion correction is preferably disposed in the vicinity of the first lens.
  • the first group has negative power; and the third group has positive power.
  • the third group includes a first positive lens and a joined lens composed of a second positive lens and a negative lens.
  • the second group which is a moving group
  • the moving lens is a positive meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards the object side.
  • the third group is constituted by a first positive lens and a joined lens composed of a second positive lens and a negative lens.
  • the meniscus lens serving as the second lens is a positive lens or a negative lens not having high power and correcting high-degree distortion.
  • Conditional Expression (2) is a conditional expression for limiting the ratio of a focal length to an image height.
  • a second aspect of the present invention is an objective optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a plano-concave lens, a meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards an image side, a positive meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards the object side, an aperture stop, a first positive lens having convex surfaces at both sides, and a joined lens composed of a second positive lens and a negative lens, and satisfying the following Conditional Expression (3): 0.08 ⁇ d/f ⁇ 0.32 (3) where d is an air gap between the meniscus lens and the first positive lens.
  • Conditional Expression (3) is a conditional expression for decreasing the field curvature. If the value falls below the lower limit of Conditional Expression (3), the meridional image plane is inclined over, and if the value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (3), the meridional image plane is inclined under, respectively.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of an objective optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing an ordinary observation state.
  • FIG. 2 shows a near observation state of the objective optical system in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a lens cross-sectional view showing the configuration of an objective optical system according to Example 1 of the present invention, showing an ordinary observation state.
  • FIG. 4 shows the near observation state of the objective optical system in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 shows aberration diagrams showing the spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and magnification chromatic aberration of the objective optical system in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 6 shows aberration diagrams showing the spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and magnification chromatic aberration of the objective optical system in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 7 is a lens cross-sectional view showing the configuration of an objective optical system according to Example 2 of the present invention, showing an ordinary observation state.
  • FIG. 8 shows the near observation state of the objective optical system in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 9 shows aberration diagrams showing the spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and magnification chromatic aberration of the objective optical system in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 10 shows aberration diagrams showing the spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and magnification chromatic aberration of the objective optical system in FIG. 8 .
  • FIG. 11 is a lens cross-sectional view showing the configuration of an objective optical system according to Example 3 of the present invention, showing an ordinary observation state.
  • FIG. 12 is the near observation state of the objective optical system in FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 13 shows aberration diagrams showing the spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and magnification chromatic aberration of the objective optical system in FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 14 shows aberration diagrams showing the spherical aberration, astigmatism, distortion, and magnification chromatic aberration of the objective optical system in FIG. 12 .
  • an objective optical system 1 is constituted by, in order from the object side, a first group G 1 having negative refractive power, a second group G 2 having positive refractive power, and a third group G 3 having positive refractive power.
  • the first group G 1 is constituted by, in order from the object side, a first lens L 1 , which is a negative lens, and a second lens L 2 , which is a positive lens or a negative lens having low power.
  • the second group G 2 is constituted by a third lens L 3 , which is a positive lens.
  • the second group G 2 has a focusing action in an ordinary observation state (see FIG. 1 ) and in a near observation state (see FIG. 2 ) by means of the third lens L 3 moving on the optical axis.
  • the third group G 3 is constituted by, in order from the object side, a fourth lens (first positive lens) L 4 , which is a positive lens, and a positive joined lens L 56 in which a positive lens (second positive lens) L 5 and a negative lens L 6 are joined.
  • An aperture stop S is disposed between the second group G 2 and the third group G 3 .
  • the aperture stop S is fixed in front of the third group G 3 during focusing.
  • Reference signs F 1 and F 2 denote parallel flat plates.
  • the parallel flat plates F 1 and F 2 are filters or the like for cutting off light with a specific wavelength, for example, 1060 nm light from a YAG laser, 810 nm light from a semiconductor laser, and light in the near-infrared region.
  • the parallel flat plates F 1 and F 2 are suitably disposed on the optical axis; in the illustrated example, they are disposed between the fourth lens L 4 and the joined lens L 56 and after the third group G 3 .
  • the objective optical system 1 constitutes an image-capturing optical system together with an image acquisition device (not shown), such as a CCD, disposed in the vicinity of an image plane.
  • Reference sign 2 denotes chip-sealing glass that seals the surface of the image acquisition device.
  • Reference sign 3 denotes an optical element, such as a cover glass.
  • the objective optical system 1 satisfies the following Conditional Expressions (1) and (2):
  • f is the focal length of the entire system during far-point observation
  • f 2 is the focal length of the second lens L 2
  • IH is the image height.
  • the meniscus lens serving as the second lens L 2 is a positive lens or a negative lens not having high power and correcting high-degree distortion.
  • Exceeding the range of Conditional Expression (1) causes a large field curvature and also reduces the distortion correction effect, which is not desirable.
  • Conditional Expression (2) is a conditional expression for limiting the ratio of a focal length to an image height.
  • the focal length relative to the image height is small provided that the value is within the range of Conditional Expression (2), which therefore increases the effect of increasing the depth. If the value falls below the lower limit of Conditional Expression (2), the focal length becomes too small, and thus, the magnification at the center of the screen is decreased, which makes it difficult to observe a lesion. If the value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (2), the focal length increases, which decreases the effect of increasing the depth, which is not desirable.
  • the objective optical system 1 also satisfies the following Conditional Expression (3): 0.08 ⁇ d/f ⁇ 0.32 (3) where d is the air gap between the second lens L 2 and the third lens L 3 .
  • Conditional Expression (3) is a conditional expression for decreasing the field curvature. If the value falls below the lower limit of Conditional Expression (3), the meridional image plane is inclined over, and if the value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (3), the meridional image plane is inclined under, respectively. Accordingly, this causes degradation of a peripheral image in terms of performance, which is not desirable.
  • the objective optical system 1 satisfies the following Conditional Expression (3)′: 0.12 ⁇ d/f ⁇ 0.24 (3)′
  • the objective optical system 1 With the thus-configured objective optical system 1 , a sufficiently wide depth of field can be obtained by changing the object point distance by moving the second group G 2 . Furthermore, by setting the focal lengths of the groups G 1 to G 3 to appropriate values, the configuration can be made compact while preventing degradation of image quality due to distortion. Furthermore, by constituting the image-capturing optical system in combination with a high-pixel-count image acquisition device, high-definition images can be obtained at individual object points.
  • a moving lens group for focusing may be any of the plurality of constituent groups.
  • using the second group G 2 disposed near an aperture stop as the moving lens group can reduce the lens diameter, thereby decreasing the load on a driving mechanism.
  • the moving lens group may be one or a plurality of groups; however, using only one group has the merit of simplifying the mechanical structure.
  • the thus-configured objective optical system 1 can achieve a focusing mechanism provided that the group configuration includes two or more groups. If the objective optical system 1 is constituted by only two groups, fluctuation of the image plane during focusing tends to increase. In this case, there is no problem if the object point range in which focusing is possible is narrow. However, the group configuration needs to have three or more groups in consideration of focusing in a somewhat wide object point range. The three-group configuration can achieve a high-performance objective optical system 1 that is sufficiently compatible with a high-pixel-count image acquisition device.
  • the first group G 1 is constituted by a plano-concave lens disposed on the object side and a meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards the image side.
  • the focal length must be decreased. This absolutely needs correction of distortion.
  • the first lens L 1 is a plano-concave lens whose lens surface does not protrude to facilitate water breaking during observation and to resist scratches or the like on the outer surface. However, this makes it impossible to form the first lens L 1 in the shape of a concave meniscus lens to correct distortion.
  • the lens for distortion correction is preferably disposed in the vicinity of the first lens L 1 .
  • the use of a meniscus lens with an optimum shape, that is, a lens whose convex surface is towards the image side, as the second lens L 2 , as in the embodiment described above, can offer a distortion correction effect.
  • the first group G 1 has negative power; and the third group G 3 has positive power.
  • the first group G 1 is a negative group, and the third group G 3 is a positive group.
  • the second group G 2 includes a positive meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards the object side;
  • the third group G 3 includes a first positive lens L 4 and a joined lens L 56 composed of a second positive lens L 5 and a negative lens L 6 .
  • the second group G 2 which is a moving group
  • the second group G 2 is a positive group. If the moving group is a negative group, the change in the position of an entrance pupil is large, causing a corresponding large change in the angle of view, which is undesirable.
  • the moving lens is a positive meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards the object side. This shape can reduce image plane fluctuations during focusing.
  • the third group G 3 is constituted by a first positive lens L 4 and a joined lens L 56 composed of a second positive lens L 5 and a negative lends L 6 .
  • the first positive lens L 4 mainly contributes to image formation.
  • the first positive lends L 4 mainly contributes to image formation.
  • the joined lens L 56 composed of the second positive lens L 5 and the negative lens L 6 takes on a chromatic aberration correcting action.
  • the above embodiment satisfies the following Conditional Expression (4): ⁇ 0.94 ⁇ f 1/ f ⁇ 0.72 (4) where f 1 is the focal length of the first lens 2 .
  • Conditional Expression (4) is for the angle of view. If the value falls below the lower limit of Conditional Expression (4), the observation field of view decreases, causing frequent overlooking of lesions, which is undesirable. On the other hand, if the value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (4), the field of view can be ensured, but the error sensitivity of the image-side surface of the first lens L 1 with respect to the angle of view becomes high, and thus, vignetting tends to occur due to manufacturing errors, which is undesirable.
  • the above embodiment satisfies the following Conditional Expression (5): 5.1 ⁇ f 3 /f ⁇ 8.4 (5) where f 3 is the focal length of the third lens L 3 .
  • Conditional Expression (5) is for the amount of movement of the third lens L 3 , which serves as a moving lens. If the value falls below the lower limit of Conditional Expression (5), the power of the third lens L 3 increases, and thus, using a positive meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards the object side also increases field curvature changes during focusing. On the other hand, if the value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (5), the power of the third lens L 3 decreases, and thus, the amount of lens movement increases, which increases the size of the mechanical driving system, which is undesirable.
  • the above embodiment satisfies the following Conditional Expression (6): 1.2 ⁇ f 4 /f ⁇ 2.6 (6) where f 4 is the focal length of the fourth lens L 4 .
  • the fourth lens L 4 plays the role of forming an image on an imaging plane. If the value falls below the lower limit of Conditional Expression (6), sufficient back focusing cannot be ensured. This makes it impossible to ensure a sufficient amount of adjustment of the image capturing position, performed behind the last lens L 6 , due to manufacturing errors of the objective optical system 1 , which is undesirable. On the other hand, if the value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (6), the spherical aberration during near observation becomes under-corrected, which makes it impossible to obtain sufficient resolution.
  • the above embodiment satisfies the following Conditional Expression (7): 0.55 ⁇
  • Conditional Expression (7) is mainly for correction of axial chromatic aberration. If the value falls below the lower limit of Conditional Expression (7), the C-line and the F-line increase, over and under, respectively, which is not desirable. On the other hand, if the value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (7), the C-line and the F-line increase, under and over, respectively, which is not desirable.
  • the above embodiment satisfies the following Conditional Expression (8): 0.95 ⁇
  • Conditional Expression (8) is mainly for magnification chromatic aberration. If the value falls below the lower limit of Conditional Expression (8), the C-line and the F-line increase, over and under, respectively, which is not desirable. On the other hand, if the value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (8), the C-line and the F-line increase, under and over, respectively, which causes a color blur, thus causing degradation of the peripheral resolution.
  • the above embodiment satisfies the following Conditional Expression (9): 6 ⁇ LTL/f ⁇ 8 (9) where LTL is the total length of the lens system. If the value falls below the lower limit of Conditional Expression (9), the lens total length becomes too short so that it becomes difficult to ensure a desired number of lenses. On the other hand, if the value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (9), the lens system; including the lens barrel part for holding the lenses, is increased in size, which makes it difficult to locate it at the distal end of the endoscope.
  • the above embodiment satisfies the following Conditional Expression (10): 0.8 ⁇ n/ ⁇ f ⁇ 1.1 (10) where ⁇ f is the maximum half angle of view during far observation, and ⁇ n is the maximum half angle of view during near observation.
  • Conditional Expression (10) is for the observation angle of view during focusing. It is preferable that the angle of view changes as little as possible during focusing. If the change in angle of view increases, a change in field of view becomes noticeable during focusing. This results in a view like that in electronic magnification, which is not desirable. If the change in angle of view is within the range of Conditional Expression (10), the operator can perform focusing without a noticeable difference without recognition that the observation range has changed greatly.
  • Conditional Expression (10) If the value falls below the lower limit of Conditional Expression (10) during focusing while the position of the object is changed from a far object point to a near object point, a blurred image is focused on, and the object is viewed as if it is magnified, which is not desirable. On the other hand, if the value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (10), the object is viewed as if it is reduced, which is not desirable. Furthermore, this decreases the depth of focus during far observation, thus impairing the ease of use during observation for screening and so on.
  • the above embodiment satisfies the following Conditional Expression (11): ⁇ f ⁇ 60 (11)
  • Conditional Expression (11) is an expression that limits the half angle of view, which is the field of view. To reduce the risk of overlooking a lesion in screening a living organism, it is preferable that it is as wide as possible; a viewing angle of 120° or more is needed at the minimum in the entire object point area. More preferably, the following Conditional Expression (11)′ is satisfied, and the field of view is 140° or more: ⁇ f ⁇ 70 (11)′
  • r denotes the radius of curvature of a lens surface
  • d denotes the distance between lens surfaces
  • numbers following r or d denote surface numbers.
  • the units of the radius of curvature and the distance between surfaces are mm.
  • aberration diagrams (a) shows spherical aberration, (b) shows astigmatism, (c) shows distortion, and (d) shows magnification chromatic aberration.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 The configuration of an objective optical system according to Example 1 will be shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , and the lens data thereof will be shown below.
  • FIG. 3 shows an ordinary observation state (far object point)
  • FIG. 4 shows a near observation state (near object point).
  • the objective optical system according to this example is configured such that a first group is constituted by, in order from the object side, a negative lens and a positive lens having low power; a second group is constituted by a positive lens; and a third group is constituted by, in order from the object side, a positive lens, a parallel flat plate, and a positive joined lens in which a positive lens and a negative lens are joined. At the back of the third group, a parallel flat plate is disposed.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 The configuration of an objective optical system according to Example 2 will be shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 , and the lens data thereof will be shown below.
  • FIG. 7 shows an ordinary observation state (far object point)
  • FIG. 8 shows a near observation state (near object point).
  • the objective optical system of this embodiment is configured such that a first group is constituted by, in order from the object side, a negative lens, a parallel flat plate, and a negative lens having low power; a second group is constituted by a positive lens; and a third group is constituted by, in order from the object side, a positive lens and a positive joined lens in which a positive lens and a negative lens are joined.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 The configuration of an objective optical system according to Example 3 will be shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 , and the lens data thereof will be shown below.
  • FIG. 11 shows an ordinary observation state (far object point)
  • FIG. 12 shows a near observation state (near object point).
  • the objective optical system according to this example is configured such that a first group is constituted by, in order from the object side, a negative lens and a negative lens having low power; a second group is constituted by a positive lens; and a third group is constituted by, in order from the object side, a positive lens, a parallel flat plate, and a positive joined lens in which the positive lens and the negative lens are joined. At the back of the third group, a parallel flat plate is disposed.
  • Table 4 shows the values of Conditional Expressions (1) to (11) in the objective optical system according to Examples 1 to 3.
  • Example 2 Example 3 (1) 0.08 0.01 0.06 (2) 1.00 0.97 0.99 (3) 0.20 0.14 0.20 (4) ⁇ 0.78 ⁇ 0.89 ⁇ 0.81 (5) 6.48 8.00 5.48 (6) 2.13 1.92 1.70 (7) 0.71 0.71 0.80 (8) 1.13 1.11 1.11 (9) 6.86 7.03 6.82 (10) 0.99 0.94 0.98 (11) 72.2 81.3 73.8 ⁇ Notes ⁇
  • An objective optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first group, a second group, and a third group, wherein the first group includes, in order from the object side, a plano-concave lens and a meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards an image side; and the second group has positive power and moves in the direction of an optical axis to perform focusing.
  • the second group includes a positive meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards the object side
  • the third group includes a first positive lens and a joined lens composed of a second positive lens and a negative lens.
  • An objective optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a plano-concave lens, a meniscus lens whose convex surface is towards an image side, an aperture stop, a first positive lens having convex surfaces at both sides, and a joined lens composed of a second positive lens and a negative lens, and satisfying the following Conditional Expression (3): 0.08 ⁇ d/f ⁇ 032 (3) where d is the air gap between the meniscus lens and the first positive lens. ⁇ Note 6 ⁇

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