US8134337B2 - Electricity storage device having equalization voltage circuit - Google Patents

Electricity storage device having equalization voltage circuit Download PDF

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US8134337B2
US8134337B2 US12/307,169 US30716907A US8134337B2 US 8134337 B2 US8134337 B2 US 8134337B2 US 30716907 A US30716907 A US 30716907A US 8134337 B2 US8134337 B2 US 8134337B2
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energy storage
storage devices
discharging
balancing
storage device
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US20090261782A1 (en
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Kazuki Morita
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Panasonic Corp
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Panasonic Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric storage devices employing energy storage devices.
  • the car tends to need electric power increasingly from now on; however, a battery, having conventionally powered to the car, cannot supply an instantaneous large amount of power only by itself, so that it sometimes fails to supply sufficient power. If the battery becomes abnormal, the driving system possibly fails to operate normally.
  • an electric storage device is proposed as an auxiliary power supply for supplying enough power even when the battery becomes abnormal.
  • the electric storage device is disclosed in, e.g. patent document 1.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic circuit diagram of one of the foregoing conventional electric storage devices.
  • each one of energy storage device cells 110 is formed of an electrically double-layered energy storage device having large capacitance, and it is employed as an electric storage element.
  • Multiple energy storage device cells 110 are coupled together in series to form energy storage device pack 112 , which is coupled with a power supply such as a battery for charging energy storage device cells 110 .
  • Each one of energy storage device cells 110 is coupled in parallel with a load, e.g. balancing resistor 114 , in order to balance the voltages across each cell 110 with each other.
  • a load e.g. balancing resistor 114
  • relay switch 116 is connected between energy storage device cell 110 and resistor 114 .
  • Relay switch 116 is formed of a regular-open type relay-contact 116 a working as a switch section and electromagnetic coil 116 b driving the switch section.
  • Electromagnetic coil 116 b is coupled in parallel between the power supply and the ground, and accessory switch 118 is coupled to the power supply. A turn-on of switch 118 thus drives every electromagnetic coil 116 b , thereby turning on every relay switch 116 .
  • the electric storage device discussed above allows preventing an overcharge to energy storage device cell 110 , and thus extending its service life. It also allows reducing needless discharge from energy storage device cell 110 during the halt of the car, and supplying enough power to restart the engine. However, if energy storage device cell 110 is left for a long time with the electric charges stored during the halt of the car, the stored electric charges spontaneously discharge, so that the voltages across respective energy storage device cells 100 lower gradually. Since energy storage device cells 110 have dispersion in their characteristics, the dispersion causes the spontaneous discharge to produce another dispersion in the voltages across respective cells 110 .
  • FIG. 14 shows the time-varying progress of voltages across cells 110 .
  • the horizontal axis represents the time
  • the vertical axis represents the voltages across respective energy storage device cells 110 .
  • a greater dispersive range needs a longer time t 2 necessary to reach voltage V 1 , when the car is left halting only for a short time, the dispersive range becomes small, so that the conventional electric storage device allows reaching voltage V 1 within a relatively short time.
  • the disperse in spontaneous discharge of energy storage device cell 110 causes the time span (hereinafter referred to as a balancing time) for balancing the voltages with each other to be extremely longer, such as in the order of several hours.
  • This balancing time is determined by a time constant found from the capacitance of energy storage device cell 110 and the resistance value of balancing resistor 114 . In this case, the capacitance of the electric storage device to be used as the auxiliary power supply to the car is already determined, so that the resistance value of balancing resistor 114 affects the balancing time.
  • a greater resistance value of resistor 114 is preferable for minimizing the discharge from energy storage device cell 110 and for reducing unnecessary power consumption; however, an excessively great resistance value will prolong the balancing time, so that the resistance value is obliged to set at a certain value.
  • This setting necessarily incurs a problem that the balancing time at the start-up of the car becomes longer depending on a dispersive range, caused by leaving the car for a long time, of the voltages across energy storage device cells 110 .
  • energy storage device cell 110 is overcharged for a longer time before the voltages are balanced, so that the service life of energy storage device cell 110 is possibly shortened.
  • the present invention addresses the problems discussed above, and aims to provide an electric storage device that can balance the voltages across respective energy storage devices with each other in a short time although the voltages disperse in a wide range, and also can minimize needless power consumption.
  • the electric storage device of the present invention includes an equalizing voltage circuit coupled in parallel with each energy storage device, and the equalizing voltage circuit discharges a part of or the whole of a charging current while the energy storage device is charged. This discharge is carried out from the start of the charge until a given time (t 1 ) or until the voltages of the energy storage devices reach a given voltage (V 1 ). Then the equalizing voltage circuit decreases the discharging current for charging the energy storage devices.
  • the foregoing structure allows the equalizing voltage circuit to discharge a part of or the whole of the charging current, thereby discharging a part of the power stored in the energy storage devices even if the voltages across the respective energy storage devices disperse in a wide range during the charge to the energy storage device.
  • the equalizing voltage circuit then decreases the discharge current in order to charge the energy storage devices.
  • the voltages can be balanced within a short time even if the dispersive range is wide, so that needless power consumption can be reduced.
  • An electric storage device of the present invention includes an equalizing voltage circuit which comprises the following elements:
  • the foregoing structure allows a control of reducing an amount of discharge from any energy storage device when a difference between a voltage across this any energy storage device and a present voltage across the energy storage device having the minimum voltage among other energy storage devices falls within a given range during the charge. On top of that, this control can be repeated until every discharging switch is turned off. Thus respective energy storage devices can be charged sequentially in accordance with the charging characteristics of the energy storage device having the minimum voltage. As a result, even if a dispersive range of voltages across the respective energy storage devices is great, the voltages can be balanced with each other within a shorter time, and needless power consumption can be further reduced.
  • An electric storage device of the present invention includes an equalizing voltage circuit which comprises the following elements:
  • the foregoing structure also allows a control of reducing an amount of discharge from any energy storage device when a difference between a voltage across this any energy storage device and a present voltage across the energy storage device having the minimum voltage among other energy storage devices falls within a given range during the charge. On top of that, this control can be repeated until every discharging switch is turned off. Thus respective energy storage devices can be charged sequentially in accordance with the charging characteristics of the energy storage device having the minimum voltage. As a result, even if a dispersive range of voltages across the respective energy storage devices is great, the voltages can be balanced with each other within a shorter time, and needless power consumption can be further reduced.
  • the foregoing electric storage devices of the present invention allow discharging a part of or the whole of the power stored during the charge to the energy storage devices, so that the voltages across the respective energy storage devices can be balanced with each other within a short time even if the dispersive range of the voltages across the energy storage devices is great. After the voltages are balanced with each other, the discharging current is reduced for charging the energy storage devices, so that needless power consumption thereafter can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an electric storage device in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a time-varying progress of voltages across respective energy storage devices in the case of a greater charging current than a discharging current of the electric storage device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a time-varying progress of voltages across the energy storage devices in the case of a smaller charging current than a discharging current of the electric storage device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows another schematic circuit diagram of the electric storage device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an electric storage device in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a time-varying progress of voltages across respective energy storage devices of the electric storage device in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows another schematic circuit diagram of the electric storage device in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an electric storage device in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a time-varying progress of voltages across energy storage devices in the case of a greater charging current than a discharging current of the electric storage device in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows a time-varying progress of voltages across respective energy storage devices in the case of a smaller charging current than a discharging current of the electric storage device in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows another schematic circuit diagram of the electric storage device in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12A shows a connection circuit where multiple energy storage devices are coupled in parallel with a single equalizing voltage circuit.
  • FIG. 12B shows a connection circuit where multiple energy storage devices are coupled in series-parallel to a single equalizing voltage circuit.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional electric storage device.
  • FIG. 14 shows a time-varying progress of voltages across respective energy storage device cells of the conventional electric storage device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an electric storage device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a time-varying progress of voltages across each one of energy storage devices in the case of a greater charging current than a discharging current of the electric storage device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a time-varying progress of voltages across each one of the energy storage devices in the case of a smaller charging current than a discharging current of the electric storage device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows another schematic circuit diagram of the electric storage device in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • energy storage device 1 is formed of electrically double-layered energy storage device of which rated voltage is 2.5V, and multiple energy storage devices 1 are coupled together in series for supplying a required power.
  • Each one of energy storage devices 1 is coupled in parallel with equalizing voltage circuit 2 which comprises the following elements:
  • a simultaneous turn-on of balancing switch 5 and discharging switch 9 allows equalizing voltage circuit 2 to prompt energy storage device 1 to discharge the power to discharging resistor 7 in a form of a large current because the resistance value of discharging resistor 7 is extremely small.
  • a turn-off of only discharging switch 9 allows reducing an amount of current (discharging current) discharged from energy storage device 1 because the resistance value of balancing resistor 3 is over 10 times greater than that of discharging resistor 7 .
  • Controller 10 controls the on-off of balancing switch 5 and discharging switch 9 . The work of controller 10 will be detailed later.
  • Electric storage device 11 thus constructed is coupled to battery 15 via charging circuit 12 in charge of charging energy storage devices 1 , and also via ignition switch 13 of the car. These three elements 12 , 13 , and 15 as a whole are referred to as charging device 17 . Although it is not shown in the drawings, a load is coupled to electric storage device 11 for supplying electric power.
  • ignition switch 13 When a car is started up, ignition switch 13 is turned on, and the power of battery 15 is controlled by charging circuit 12 , thereby starting the charge to energy storage device 1 .
  • the turn-on of ignition switch 13 prompts controller 10 to turn on every balancing switch 5 as well as every discharging switch 9 .
  • the structure shown in FIG. 1 includes balancing resistor 3 coupled with discharging resistor 7 via discharging switch 9 , so that balancing switch 5 should be turned on in addition to the turn-on of discharging switch 9 in order to discharge energy storage device 1 to discharging resistor 7 of which resistance value is small.
  • each one of energy storage devices 1 is coupled in parallel with balancing resistor 3 and discharging resistor 7 .
  • the power stored in energy storage device 1 before the car stopped is thus discharged to balancing resistor 3 and discharging resistor 7 .
  • balancing resistor 3 has the resistance value greater than that of discharging resistor by over 10 times, a larger amount of current flows to discharging resistor 7 .
  • FIG. 2 shows the case where a charging current at the start of the charge is greater than a discharging current flowing to discharging resistor 7 .
  • energy storage device 1 stores a small number of electric charges at the start of the car, so that although energy storage device 1 discharges to discharging resistor 7 , a greater amount of current is charged to energy storage device 1 than the discharging amount.
  • a part of the charging current is cancelled out by the discharging current flowing to discharging resistor 7 , so that the part of the charging current seems to be discharged.
  • FIG. 3 shows a case where the charging current at the start of the charge is smaller than the discharging current flowing to discharging resistor 7 .
  • energy storage device 1 stores a large number of electric charges at the start of the car, so that although charging circuit 12 charges energy storage device 1 , a greater amount of current is discharged to discharging resistor 7 than an amount of the charging current.
  • the charging current is totally cancelled out by the discharging current flowing to discharging resistor 7 , so that the entire charging current seems to be discharged.
  • FIG. 2 the case shown in FIG. 2 is detailed hereinafter. Assume that the car is left for a long time, and the dispersion of the voltages across each one of energy storage devices 1 at the start-up (time “t 0 ”) of the car falls within the dispersive range shown in FIG. 2 . In this state, since the charging current is greater than the discharging current, energy storage device 1 is charged until time “t 1 ” and the voltages across respective energy storage devices 1 rise quickly to voltage V 1 as shown with a solid line in FIG. 2 . The time span between “t 0 ” and “t 1 ” is as short as several seconds in this first embodiment. Balancing time “t 2 ” of a conventional electric storage device is shown with broken lines in FIG.
  • the voltages across each one of energy storage devices 1 can be balanced with each other by time “t 1 ”, and then every discharging switch 9 alone is turned off. Since balancing switches 5 are already turned on, they are kept as they are. This work allows reducing the discharging current from energy storage device 1 . In this case, balancing switches 5 are kept turn-on, whereby the voltages of each one of energy storage devices 1 can be kept balanced with each other with a small amount of discharging current. Needless power consumption thus can be reduced as the conventional ones do. Energy storage device 1 can be prevented from being overcharged, so that a longer service life of energy storage device 1 can be expected.
  • the condition needed for turning on every discharging switch 9 as well as every balancing switch 5 is described hereinafter.
  • the premise of these two actions is to balance the voltages across each one of energy storage devices 1 with each other.
  • the simplest condition is this: Find time “t 1 ” in advance, and then turn off discharging switches 9 and turn on balancing switches 5 at a lapse of time “t 1 ”.
  • this method possibly encounters a change in time “t 1 ” due to a state of energy storage device 1 (temperature or progress in degradation). Therefore, more accurately, the voltage across energy storage device 1 is measured with a voltage detecting circuit (not shown), and the time when every voltage across every energy storage device 1 reaches the given voltage V 1 is preferably set as the turn-on or turn-off time. It is difficult for every voltage across every energy storage device 1 to reach voltage V 1 accurately, so that when they reach approximately voltage V 1 within a permissible dispersive range, the next step discussed below can be taken.
  • every discharging switch 9 and every balancing switch 5 are turned on so that a part of or the whole of the charging current can be discharged with equalizing voltage circuit 2 .
  • controller 10 turns off every discharging switch 9 and turns on every balancing switch 5 , whereby a large amount of current discharged by circuit 2 becomes extremely small just after the foregoing condition is satisfied.
  • the large amount of current discharged by circuit 2 just after the start of the car is set to be greater by over 10 times than a consumption current after the condition is satisfied.
  • each one of energy storage devices 1 becomes independent of the wiring, so that no discharge occurs, and respective energy storage devices 1 store the electric charges that have been charged until just before the car is stopped. Needless discharge from energy storage device 1 can be thus prevented, and energy storage devices 1 can keep storing the electric charges for a long time, so that enough power to restart the engine can be supplied.
  • Discharging resistor 7 having a smaller resistance value than balancing resistor 3 is coupled in parallel with energy storage device 1 , and a part of or the whole of the charging current is discharged to discharging resistor 7 during the charge of energy storage device 1 , so that the voltages across each one of energy storage devices 1 can be balanced with each other.
  • the structure and the work thus allow balancing the voltages with each other within a short time even if the voltages across respective energy storage devices 1 disperse widely. On top of that, needless power consumption can be reduced.
  • the electric storage device of the present invention having the foregoing advantages is thus achieved.
  • balancing resistor 3 is coupled across every energy storage device 1
  • discharging resistor 7 is coupled across every resistor 3 .
  • discharging resistor 7 can be also coupled across every energy storage device 1 via only discharging switch 9 in addition to balancing resistor 3 coupled across every energy storage device 1 .
  • the electric storage device can comprise the following elements:
  • the foregoing structure shown in FIG. 4 allows connecting respective discharging resistors 7 to respective energy storage devices 1 by simply turning on respective discharging switches 9 , although the structure shown in FIG. 1 needs to turn on both of switches 5 and switches 9 for connecting resistors 7 to energy storage devices 1 .
  • the structure shown in FIG. 4 can employ switches 5 that withstand a small current because a large amount of current does not run through balancing switches 5 .
  • the structure shown in FIG. 1 needs to employ switches 5 capable of withstanding a large current because switches 5 possibly encounter a large current during the charge of energy storage devices 1 .
  • the work of electric storage device 11 shown in FIG. 4 can be the same as that of device 11 shown in FIG. 1 ; however, it can be another way: When the voltages should be balanced with each other at the start-up of the charge, every discharging switch 9 alone is turned on, and then at a lapse of time “t 1 ” or when respective voltages across energy storage devices 1 reach given voltage “V 1 ”, every discharging switch 9 is turned off and every balancing switch 5 is turned on for charging energy storage devices 1 . Therefore, the structure shown in FIG. 1 needs to turn on every balancing switch 5 during the charge; however, the structure shown in FIG. 4 does not necessarily turn on balancing switches 5 .
  • Every balancing switch 5 can be thus turned on upon necessity depending on the circuit structure of electric storage device 11 .
  • every balancing switch 5 and every discharging switch 9 are turned off in order to reduce needless power consumption.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an electric storage device in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a time-varying progress of the voltages across respective energy storage devices of the electric storage device in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows another schematic circuit diagram of the electric storage device in accordance with the second embodiment.
  • Control wire 19 is coupled between controller 10 and charging circuit 12 so that controller 10 can control the on-off of an output from charging circuit 12 .
  • Controller 10 can measure a voltage across energy storage device 1 .
  • Charging circuit 12 is capable of supplying a greater amount of charging current than an amount of the total current discharged from every energy storage device 1 when every discharging switch 9 and every balancing switch 5 are turned on. In other words, as described in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment, an amount of charging current is always set to be greater than an amount of the discharging current flowing to discharging resistor 7 .
  • ignition switch 13 The turn-on of ignition switch 13 prompts controller 10 to turn on every balancing switch 5 and every discharging switch 9 .
  • This structure allows energy storage device 1 to discharge its power, which had been stored therein until the car stopped, to balancing resistor 3 and discharging resistor 7 ; however, since the resistance value of resistor 3 is greater than that of resistor 7 by over 10 times, a greater amount of current runs to discharging resistor 7 .
  • FIG. 6 shows the time-varying progress of the voltages across respective energy storage devices 1 .
  • the horizontal axis represents the time
  • the vertical axis represents the voltages across respective energy storage devices 1 .
  • each energy storage device 1 disperses in the dispersive range as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • each energy storage device 1 is charged such that the voltage across energy storage device 1 disperses in a smaller range (the voltage rises).
  • the voltages across every energy storage device 1 then exceed a required voltage V 2 after a certain time.
  • the required voltage V 2 is set this way: Electric storage device 11 is required to output a certain minimum voltage, and each energy storage device 1 needs to output V 3 in order to obtain this minimum output voltage.
  • a given margin is added to this voltage V 3 to make the required voltage V 2 .
  • the margin can be set in advance based on the discharging characteristics of energy storage device 1 .
  • controller 10 measures the voltages across every energy storage device 1 , and turns off charging circuit 12 via control wire 19 when the voltages of across every energy storage device 1 exceeds required voltage V 2 .
  • controller 10 measures the voltages across every energy storage device 1 , and turns off charging circuit 12 via control wire 19 when the voltages of across every energy storage device 1 exceeds required voltage V 2 .
  • every balancing switch 5 and every discharging switch 9 are kept turned on, the power stored in energy storage device 1 almost flows to discharging resistor 7 , so that the voltages across every energy storage device 1 quickly lower.
  • the dispersion of the voltages across every energy storage device 1 thus can be reduced in an extremely short time “t 3 ”, and the voltages reach V 3 . Based on this fact, just after the given time “t 3 ” is passed, or when the voltage of each energy storage device 1 reach approximately the given voltage V 3 , controller 10 turns on again the output of charging circuit 12 via control wire 19 . At this time, since the voltages across each energy storage device 1 are balanced with each other, every discharging switch 9 is turned off simultaneously.
  • Energy storage device 1 is then charged in this state, where discharging switches 9 remain turned-off, and the discharging current flows only to balancing resistor 3 ; however, the resistance value of balancing resistor 3 is greater than that of discharging resistor 7 by over 10 times, so that the foregoing control allows reducing the discharging current, thereby charging every energy storage device 1 efficiently.
  • the condition for turning on charging circuit 12 again is that when the given time “t 3 ” lapses, or when the voltages of each energy storage device 1 reach approximately given voltage “V 3 ”. The latter condition is preferable to the former one because it can produce a more accurate result as discussed in the first embodiment.
  • Charging circuit 12 is set such that the voltage of energy storage device 1 necessarily rises at the start-up of the charge, so that the voltage quickly reaches required voltage V 2 , and on top of that, even if the tentative halt of the charge in this state invites a voltage drop from V 2 to V 3 , the minimum output of electric storage device 11 is ensured, so that electric storage device 11 can be ready to work in a quick and positive manner.
  • An action when the car is halted i.e. when the use of electric storage device 11 is brought to an end, is similar to that described in the first embodiment, namely, controller 10 turns off every balancing switch 5 , and at this time, every discharging switch 9 remains turned-off, so that each one of energy storage devices 1 store the electric charges that have been charged until just before the car is stopped. Needless discharge from energy storage device 1 can be thus prevented, and energy storage device 1 can keep storing the electric charges for a long time.
  • the structure and the work discussed above allow electric storage device 11 to halt the charging current tentatively during the charge in addition to the controls carried out in the first embodiment.
  • This tentative halt allows balancing the voltages across respective energy storage devices 1 with each other within a shorter time even if the dispersive range is great.
  • electric storage device 11 can reduce needless power consumption.
  • the circuit structure of electric storage device 11 shown in FIG. 5 can also comprise the following elements as shown in FIG. 7 :
  • control wire 19 is coupled between controller 10 and charging circuit 12 .
  • Other structures remain unchanged from the structure shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the foregoing structure allows producing an advantage similar to that described in the first embodiment demonstrated in FIG. 4 .
  • the work of electric storage device 11 shown in FIG. 7 can be the same as that of device 11 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • every discharging switch 9 alone is turned on, and when each voltage across respective energy storage devices 1 exceeds required voltage V 2 due to the charge, an output of charging circuit is turned off.
  • the output of charging circuit 12 is turned on, and at the same time, every discharging switch 9 is turned off, and every balancing switch 5 is turned on. In this state, energy storage device 1 can be charged.
  • every balancing switch 5 is turned off for reducing needless power consumption, as demonstrated in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an electric storage device in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a time-varying progress of voltages across respective energy storage devices in the case of a greater charging current than a discharging current of the electric storage device in accordance with the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 shows a time-varying progress of voltages across respective energy storage devices in the case of a smaller charging current than a discharging current of the electric storage device in accordance with the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 shows another schematic circuit diagram of the electric storage device in accordance with the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 12A shows a connection circuit where multiple energy storage devices are coupled in parallel with a single equalizing voltage circuit in the electric storage device in accordance with the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 12B shows a connection circuit where multiple energy storage devices are coupled in series-parallel to a single equalizing voltage circuit in the electric storage device in accordance with the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 elements similar to those in FIG. 1 have the same reference marks, and the descriptions thereof are omitted here.
  • the structural features in FIG. 8 are following the three points:
  • controller 10 turns on every balancing switch 5 simultaneously, and also measures the voltages across each one of energy storage devices 1 , and then turns on every discharging switch 9 except the one that is connected to energy storage device 1 having the minimum voltage.
  • energy storage devices 1 except one energy storage device 1 that has the minimum voltage start discharging to discharging resistors 7 .
  • the discharge to discharging resistor 7 which is coupled to discharging switch 9 turned on supplies a greater current, i.e. greater than the current flowing to balancing resistor 3 by over 10 times.
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 The time-varying progress of the voltages across respective energy storage devices 1 at this state are shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 , in which the horizontal axis represents the time, and the vertical axis represents the voltages across respective energy storage devices 1 .
  • the statuses of the charging current and the discharging current in FIGS. 9 and 10 are the same as those in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • Controller 10 always measures the variation of this voltage, and assume that the difference between a voltage across any energy storage device 1 and the present voltage across energy storage device 1 having the minimum voltage falls within a given range (in this third embodiment, within 5% of the rated voltage of energy storage device 1 ) at time “t 01 ”, then controller 10 turns off discharging switch 9 coupled to energy storage device 1 having the voltage next to the minimum one, so that this energy storage device 1 can reduce its discharging current.
  • the foregoing time “t 01 ” is used as a given condition.
  • controller 10 turns off discharging switch 9 coupled to this energy storage device 1 having the third minimum voltage.
  • This action allows this energy storage device 1 to be mostly charged after time “t 02 ”, and at this time, the voltage across this energy storage device 1 becomes almost equal to the present voltage, i.e. the voltage at time “t 02 ”, across energy storage device 1 having the minimum voltage, so that the dispersion between these two energy storage devices can be eliminated at time “t 02 ”, and as shown in FIG. 9 , the voltages of these two energy storage devices rise along the same slope thereafter.
  • Controller 10 repeats the foregoing action until every discharging switch 9 is turned off, so that although the voltages across respective energy storage devices 1 have been dispersed, the dispersion can be eliminated step by step, and at time “t 1 ” and onward, almost no dispersion is found. Each one of energy storage devices 1 can be thus efficiently charged while the discharging current is reduced. In this state, since every balancing switch 5 remains turned-on, the charge can be carried out while the voltages can be balanced with each other.
  • discharging resistors 7 are turned on until the voltages across every energy storage device 1 are balanced with each other; on the other hand, in this third embodiment, discharging switches 9 coupled to energy storage devices 1 , of which voltages are balanced with each other, are turned off sequentially, so that the currents flowing to discharging resistors 7 decrease step by step.
  • controller 10 turns off discharging switch 9 coupled to energy storage device 1 having the voltage next to the minimum one, so that this energy storage device 1 can reduce its discharging current.
  • Controller 10 repeats the foregoing work until every discharging switch 9 is turned off, so that every discharging switch 9 is turned off at time “t 1 ”, and at time “t 1 ” and onward, almost no dispersion is found. This is the same status as discussed in FIG. 9 .
  • Each one of energy storage devices 1 can be thus charged while the discharging current is reduced.
  • every balancing switch 5 since every balancing switch 5 remains turned-on, the charge can be carried out while the voltages can be kept balancing with each other.
  • a work at the halt of the car, i.e. the use of electric storage device 11 is brought to an end, is similar to that described in the first embodiment, namely, controller 10 turns off every discharging switch 9 and every balancing switch 5 . Needless power consumption can be thus reduced.
  • Controller 10 discharges energy storage devices 1 , except the one energy storage device 1 having the minimum voltage, with a large amount of current, and every time when the given condition is satisfied, (the difference between the present voltage across energy storage device 1 having the minimum voltage and the voltage across another energy storage device 1 falls within the given range), discharging switches 9 are turned off sequentially for reducing the discharging current.
  • discharging resistor 7 having a smaller resistance value than balancing resistor 3 is coupled in parallel with energy storage device 1 , and energy storage devices 1 except the energy storage device 1 having the minimum voltage are discharged to discharging resistors 7 , so that the voltages of energy storage devices 1 are balanced with each other sequentially.
  • the structure and the work discussed above allows electric storage device 11 to balance the voltages with each other, even their dispersion is great, within a short time. On top of that, this electric storage device 11 can reduce needless power consumption.
  • the circuit structure of balancing resistors 3 and discharging resistors 7 of electric storage device 11 shown in FIG. 8 can also comprise the following elements as shown in FIG. 11 :
  • energy storage devices 1 are coupled together in series; however, they can be coupled together in series-parallel connection depending on the power required.
  • the connecting circuit diagrams of energy storage devices 1 and equalizing voltage circuit 2 in accordance with this case are shown in FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B .
  • FIG. 12A shows an example where three energy storage devices 1 are coupled in parallel with one single equalizing voltage circuit 2 .
  • the voltages across each one of three energy storage devices 1 coupled in parallel, out of the series-parallel connection, become equal to each other, so that equalizing voltage circuit 2 is not needed to couple to each one of energy storage devices 1 , but can be coupled to the common terminal of energy storage devices 1 of which voltages become equal due to the parallel connection.
  • FIG. 12B shows an example where three energy storage devices 1 coupled in parallel are coupled in series with another three energy storage devices 1 coupled in parallel, and this unit is coupled in parallel with equalizing voltage circuit 2 .
  • the voltages across energy storage devices 1 differ from each other at the series connection; however, in the case of smaller dispersion in performance of energy storage devices 1 , a range of the dispersion in the voltages becomes smaller when energy storage devices 1 in series connection are used. Therefore each one of energy storage devices 1 is not necessarily connected to each one of equalizing voltage circuit 2 . For instance, as shown in FIG. 12B , every six energy storage devices 1 can be coupled to one single equalizing voltage circuit 2 .
  • equalizing voltage circuit 2 is not necessarily connected to each energy storage device 1 individually, but it can be connected to each group formed of multiple energy storage devices 1 .
  • equalizing voltage circuit 2 comprises balancing resistor 3 , balancing switch 5 , discharging resistor 7 and discharging switch 9 ; however, the structure of circuit 2 is not limited to this one.
  • circuit 2 can employ a circuit in which a discharging current can be changed from the outside, e.g. an electronic load circuit or a constant current circuit.
  • an electric storage device is taken as an example of an auxiliary power supply for restarting the engine; however, the electric storage device of the present invention can be used as an vehicle auxiliary power supply employed in systems such as an idling stop system, an electric power steering system, an electric turbo system, or a hybrid system, and not only limited to the vehicle auxiliary power supply systems but also the electric storage device of the present invention is applicable to an emergency backup power supply for general purpose.
  • An electric storage device of the present invention allows balancing the voltages of energy storage devices with each other in a short time during the charge, so that the electric storage device can be useful as a vehicle auxiliary power supply or a backup power supply for emergency use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
US12/307,169 2006-08-04 2007-07-25 Electricity storage device having equalization voltage circuit Expired - Fee Related US8134337B2 (en)

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JP2006213168A JP4940817B2 (ja) 2006-08-04 2006-08-04 蓄電装置
JP2006-213168 2006-08-04
PCT/JP2007/064538 WO2008015933A1 (fr) 2006-08-04 2007-07-25 Dispositif de stockage de l'électricité

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EP (1) EP2043219B1 (de)
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US20130285581A1 (en) * 2012-04-30 2013-10-31 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Passive high-voltage dc bus discharge circuit for a vehicle
US9018865B2 (en) * 2012-04-30 2015-04-28 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Passive high-voltage DC bus discharge circuit for a vehicle
US10454293B2 (en) 2016-05-20 2019-10-22 Avx Corporation System and method for charging a capacitor
US20180062402A1 (en) * 2016-08-25 2018-03-01 Yazaki Corporation Quick charging device
US10756548B2 (en) * 2016-08-25 2020-08-25 Yazaki Corporation Quick charging device with switching unit for individual battery module discharging
US10903663B2 (en) 2017-06-30 2021-01-26 Avx Corporation Balancing circuit for an ultracapacitor module
US10879720B2 (en) 2017-07-21 2020-12-29 Avx Corporation Balancing circuit for an electrical energy storage device
US11592497B2 (en) 2020-06-02 2023-02-28 KYOCERA AVX Components Corporation System and method for monitoring one or more characteristics of an ultracapacitor

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EP2043219A1 (de) 2009-04-01
KR20090028544A (ko) 2009-03-18
CN101501956B (zh) 2012-05-09
KR101024138B1 (ko) 2011-03-22
EP2043219A4 (de) 2012-04-18
CN101501956A (zh) 2009-08-05
JP2008043036A (ja) 2008-02-21
US20090261782A1 (en) 2009-10-22
EP2043219B1 (de) 2013-05-08
JP4940817B2 (ja) 2012-05-30

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