US7931854B2 - Unit for catalytic gas nitrogenation of steels and alloys - Google Patents

Unit for catalytic gas nitrogenation of steels and alloys Download PDF

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Publication number
US7931854B2
US7931854B2 US12/535,354 US53535409A US7931854B2 US 7931854 B2 US7931854 B2 US 7931854B2 US 53535409 A US53535409 A US 53535409A US 7931854 B2 US7931854 B2 US 7931854B2
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Prior art keywords
nitrogen
unit according
furnace
oxygen sensor
secondary transducer
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US20090289398A1 (en
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Vladimir Yakovlevich Syropyatov
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Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennoystyu 'Solnechnogorsky Zavod Termicheskogo Oborudovania ‘Nakal’
Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennoystyu 'Solnechnogorsky Zavod Termicheskogo Oborudovania 'Nakal'
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Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennoystyu 'Solnechnogorsky Zavod Termicheskogo Oborudovania ‘Nakal’
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Assigned to OBSHCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOI OTVETSTVENNOYSTYU 'SOLNECHNOGORSKY ZAVOD TERMICHESKOGO OBORUDOVANIA 'NAKAL' reassignment OBSHCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOI OTVETSTVENNOYSTYU 'SOLNECHNOGORSKY ZAVOD TERMICHESKOGO OBORUDOVANIA 'NAKAL' ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SYROPYATOV, VLADIMIR YAKOVLEVICH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/04—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/18—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0006—Monitoring the characteristics (composition, quantities, temperature, pressure) of at least one of the gases of the kiln atmosphere and using it as a controlling value
    • F27D2019/0012—Monitoring the composition of the atmosphere or of one of their components

Definitions

  • the invention refers to equipment for thermochemical treatment of steels and alloys in gaseous mediums with automatic control.
  • a nitriding unit for steels and alloys in catalyst-treated ammonia comprises an electric furnace with/without a muffle, an ammonia tank, a gas supply and extraction main line, devices of mixing and proportioning, while a catalyst tank is installed on the gas supply main line to the electric furnace.
  • RF Patent No. 2109080 International Patent Classification C23C8/24 published 20 Apr. 1998.
  • a unit for low-temperature gas thermochemical treatment of steels and alloys comprises an electric furnace with a muffle, an ammonia tank, a gas supply and extraction main line, a catalyst tank installed inside the furnace space and a solid electrolytic oxygen sensor of immersion type.
  • a signal of the solid electrolytic sensor and nitrogen content in iron are interrelated.
  • the nitrogen potential is proposed to be considered equal to nitrogen concentration in iron when the latter reaches balance with the gaseous phase (Zinchenko V. M. et al. Nitrogen Potential: Current State and Development Concept. M, “Mechanical Engineering”, 2003, pages 40-50).
  • a problem that is to be solved by this invention is creation of a unit for controllable catalytic gas nitriding of metals and alloys that includes complete means of indirect monitoring of diffusion processes according to content of the gaseous phase by oxygen.
  • the catalytic gas nitriding unit for steels and alloys comprises a heating furnace with/without a muffle, a process gas catalyst impact block located in the furnace, means of supply, mixing, proportioning and extraction of process gases and a device of indirect monitoring and control of the nitrogen potential in the furnace atmosphere.
  • the device of indirect monitoring and control of the nitrogen potential in the furnace atmosphere is an oxygen sensor, a secondary transducer with indication of the nitrogen potential in weight units of nitrogen content in iron, and an actuator, while the process gas catalyst impact block is located in the furnace on the process gas supply line.
  • the oxygen sensor is a solid electrolytic voltage sensor or semiconductor resistance sensor and has an independent heat setting system.
  • the catalyst impact block is a tank with a catalyst that is made from foamed ceramics in the form of tablets.
  • the heating furnace is equipped with electrical heaters or gas burners.
  • the secondary transducer is made with the capability to provide a standard output signal proportional to predicted concentration of nitrogen in iron.
  • the secondary transducer includes an output signal interpreter of the oxygen sensor in the form of phase composition in accordance with binary diagram “Iron-Nitrogen”.
  • the secondary transducer is made with the capability of computer visualization of diffusion processes with graphic representation of phase composition, nitrogen concentration and real-time distribution of diffusion layer microhardness.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the invention.
  • the unit ( FIG. 1 ) comprises the heating furnace 1 , with/without the muffle (position is not shown), devices of supply, mixing, proportioning 2 and extraction 3 of process gases supplied from low-pressure networks, block 4 of catalyst impact on the furnace atmosphere located inside the furnace space.
  • the unit is equipped with the device of indirect monitoring and control of the nitrogen potential in the furnace atmosphere made in the form of the oxygen sensor 5 , the secondary transducer 6 with indication of the nitrogen potential in weight units of nitrogen content in iron and actuator 7 controlled by an operator or computer.
  • the nitriding furnace equipped with a catalytic device for ammonia treatment supports the process of iron (steel) saturation with nitrogen under the conditions approximated to the balanced one.
  • furnace tightness and oxygen inleakage ammonia quality and content of water and oil in ammonia
  • the indirect monitoring system for the nitrogen potential in the furnace atmosphere is purposed to be used taking into account these variables.
  • an operator can easily define the current status of diffusion saturation process and activities that are to be made for adjustment to achieve the positive result.
  • the binary diagram “Iron-Nitrogen” is known.
  • Example The unit operates as follows.
  • Ammonia is supplied to the inside the furnace operating space through an inlet nozzle in a muffle cover from low-pressure shop networks of 3 . . . 5 kPa.
  • the muffle cover of the furnace had a nozzle with diameter of 22 mm and length of 120 mm at the ammonia supply point.
  • the catalyst with a carrier from foamed ceramics of aluminium oxide with porosity 70% alloyed with palladium up to concentration 1.0 . . . 1.2% is charged.
  • the catalyst is in the form of tablets with diameter of 18 mm and height of 20 mm.
  • the volume of the charged catalyst is 10 cm 3 .
  • the furnace is equipped with two oxygen sensors: a solid electrolytic sensor with a sensing element of zirconium dioxide and a semiconductor sensor with a sensing element of titanium dioxide.
  • the sensors are installed through the muffle cover with sensing elements located in the operating space of the muffle. Two sensors are installed to test them in parallel.
  • thermocouple installed in the muffle cover too with coming out of hot junction inside the furnace operating space.
  • Microprocessor-based temperature controller “Termodat-14” is used as a secondary transducer and program temperature controller.
  • a programmable microcomputer of DO05DD model “Koyo” is used as a secondary transducer for signals of oxygen sensors to calculate the nitrogen potential by signals of oxygen sensors according to a special equation with the control program for ammonia flow by analog output signal to the actuator-ammonia flow regulator of 1559AX “MKS” model.
  • a nitrogen potential value calculated by the microcomputer is visualized on operator's control panel of OP006DD model, “Koyo”. Available ammonia flow is visually controlled by rotameter of RM-0,63 model.
  • the microcomputer has the following subprograms: for interpretation of a calculated nitrogen potential into the phase composition of the surface layer of treated steel and calculation of diffusion layer growth in real-time of the nitriding process. Subprogram operation results are visualized on the same operator's control panel. An operator uses computer simulation subprograms for diffusion processes to evaluate the process and to take a decision on finishing the nitriding process.
  • the controller keeps the specified temperature, the secondary transducer evaluated signals of oxygen sensors, calculated the nitrogen potential, compared it with the specified value and sent a command to the actuator to keep the required ammonia flow.
  • Ammonia flow is kept maximum up to the moment when the nitrogen potential reaches the specified value.
  • flow is automatically reduced up to minimum.
  • An operator traces operation of automation and evaluated predicted results of nitriding according to data of a phase composition indicator for the surface zone and diagram of microhardness calculated distribution. In 24 hours of process subprograms of the secondary transducer responsible for simulation of diffusion processes indicates that the specified parameters of surface hardness and thickness of the diffusion layer are reached. Based on the mentioned above, as well as taking into account that there are no failures and faults in equipment operation, an operator takes a decision to finish the process.
  • Nitriding results are evaluated by check test pieces. Testing results and main parameters of the process in comparison with standard processes, recommended, for example, in reference document Lakhtin Yu. M. et al. Theory and Technology of Nitriding. M., “Metallurgy”, 1991, page 39-55, are specified in the Table.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
US12/535,354 2006-11-24 2009-08-04 Unit for catalytic gas nitrogenation of steels and alloys Expired - Fee Related US7931854B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2006141494/02A RU2310802C1 (ru) 2006-11-24 2006-11-24 Установка для каталитического газового азотирования сталей и сплавов
RU2006141494 2006-11-24
PCT/RU2007/000079 WO2008063095A1 (fr) 2006-11-24 2007-02-19 Installation de nitruration gazeuse catalytique d'acier et d'alliages

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2007/000079 Continuation WO2008063095A1 (fr) 2006-11-24 2007-02-19 Installation de nitruration gazeuse catalytique d'acier et d'alliages

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US20090289398A1 US20090289398A1 (en) 2009-11-26
US7931854B2 true US7931854B2 (en) 2011-04-26

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US (1) US7931854B2 (ru)
CA (1) CA2681885C (ru)
DE (1) DE112007000016B4 (ru)
PL (1) PL211787B1 (ru)
RU (1) RU2310802C1 (ru)
WO (1) WO2008063095A1 (ru)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10682166B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2020-06-16 Nuvasive, Inc. Methods and instruments for performing leveraged reduction during single position spine surgery

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BRPI0918138B1 (pt) * 2008-09-10 2017-10-31 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Method of production of steel sheets for electric use with oriented grain
EP2578706B1 (en) * 2010-05-25 2016-06-08 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Method of manufacturing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet
CN108106754B (zh) * 2018-02-01 2021-01-15 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 一种工业设备险情的动态监测装置及监测方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2541857A (en) * 1945-05-30 1951-02-13 Leeds & Northrup Co Control of constituent potentials
RU2061088C1 (ru) 1994-08-05 1996-05-27 Борис Михайлович Гусев Способ химико-термической обработки деталей из нелегированных электротехнических сталей и печь для его осуществления
RU2109080C1 (ru) 1997-05-14 1998-04-20 Владимир Яковлевич Сыропятов Установка для газовой низкотемпературной химико-термической обработки стали и сплавов
US5865908A (en) 1994-07-26 1999-02-02 Shimadzu Mekutemu Kabushiki Kaisya Composite diffusion type nitriding method, composite diffusion type nitriding apparatus and method for producing nitride
RU35422U1 (ru) 2003-08-13 2004-01-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "МИУС" Электропечь для химико-термической обработки изделий
RU2230824C2 (ru) 2002-04-09 2004-06-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Борец" Способ химико-термической обработки материала на основе сплава железа, материал на основе сплава железа и деталь ступени погружного центробежного насоса

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2541857A (en) * 1945-05-30 1951-02-13 Leeds & Northrup Co Control of constituent potentials
US5865908A (en) 1994-07-26 1999-02-02 Shimadzu Mekutemu Kabushiki Kaisya Composite diffusion type nitriding method, composite diffusion type nitriding apparatus and method for producing nitride
RU2061088C1 (ru) 1994-08-05 1996-05-27 Борис Михайлович Гусев Способ химико-термической обработки деталей из нелегированных электротехнических сталей и печь для его осуществления
RU2109080C1 (ru) 1997-05-14 1998-04-20 Владимир Яковлевич Сыропятов Установка для газовой низкотемпературной химико-термической обработки стали и сплавов
RU2230824C2 (ru) 2002-04-09 2004-06-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Борец" Способ химико-термической обработки материала на основе сплава железа, материал на основе сплава железа и деталь ступени погружного центробежного насоса
RU35422U1 (ru) 2003-08-13 2004-01-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "МИУС" Электропечь для химико-термической обработки изделий

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10682166B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2020-06-16 Nuvasive, Inc. Methods and instruments for performing leveraged reduction during single position spine surgery

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DE112007000016B4 (de) 2010-04-01
CA2681885A1 (en) 2008-05-29
WO2008063095A1 (fr) 2008-05-29
PL211787B1 (pl) 2012-06-29
PL385785A1 (pl) 2009-01-19
US20090289398A1 (en) 2009-11-26
DE112007000016T5 (de) 2009-07-02
CA2681885C (en) 2010-11-02
DE112007000016T8 (de) 2009-11-05
RU2310802C1 (ru) 2007-11-20

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