US7852533B2 - Method and apparatus for adjusting color of image - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for adjusting color of image Download PDF

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Publication number
US7852533B2
US7852533B2 US10/931,255 US93125504A US7852533B2 US 7852533 B2 US7852533 B2 US 7852533B2 US 93125504 A US93125504 A US 93125504A US 7852533 B2 US7852533 B2 US 7852533B2
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color
current pixel
coordinate point
adjustment region
ellipse
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US20050089220A1 (en
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Dusik Park
Changyeong Kim
Youngsik Huh
Hoyoung Lee
Hyunwook Ok
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Assigned to SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. reassignment SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HUH, YOUNGSIK, KIM, CHANGYEONG, LEE, HOYOUNG, OK, HYUNWOOK, PARK, DUSIK
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H04N1/62—Retouching, i.e. modification of isolated colours only or in isolated picture areas only
    • H04N1/628—Memory colours, e.g. skin or sky
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H04N1/62—Retouching, i.e. modification of isolated colours only or in isolated picture areas only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/77—Circuits for processing the brightness signal and the chrominance signal relative to each other, e.g. adjusting the phase of the brightness signal relative to the colour signal, correcting differential gain or differential phase

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for adjusting a color of a moving image or a still image, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for selectively converting a specific color of an image to another color.
  • a method for color conversion or color adjustment of an image includes dividing an image signal into hue, brightness, chroma, and saturation signals and one-dimensionally processing the signals.
  • the method has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,202,935, U.S. Pat. No. 5,515,172, U.S. Pat. No. 5,930,009, U.S. Pat. No. 6,122,012, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,476,793.
  • the method is inexpensive since a color conversion process is relatively simple. However, in this method, the degree of freedom of selecting a color region is reduced.
  • an H-S plane is represented in polar coordinates where H is indicated by an angle and S is indicated by a distance from an origin, and a region on a color space selected by one-dimensionally combining these two coordinates becomes a sector.
  • a color indicating a specific object for example, a blue sky color, a skin color, or a green grass color
  • the memory color is represented in general as an ellipse, not a sector in the H-S plane.
  • Another method for color conversion or color adjustment of an image includes selectively performing color adjustment for each of the image components.
  • the method has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,262,812.
  • division of the image components e.g., division of a bitmap, a text and a graphic
  • division of the image components must be performed in advance. Even if division of the image components has been performed, selective color adjustment for a specific color included in the bitmap cannot be performed.
  • Another method for color conversion or color adjustment of an image includes selectively performing color adjustment for each of the conversion regions.
  • the method has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,876,286.
  • a 2-D color space is divided into combinations of small triangles, and each triangle is set to a basic unit of a conversion region.
  • conversion from a triangle to another triangle is performed. Therefore, when the conversion is completed, the color space region of the non-converted triangle is empty. Accordingly, since discontinuity of a color space is generated, a converted image becomes unnatural.
  • a method of setting an adjustment region on a color space by which discontinuity of a color space is not generated in an image for which color adjustment is performed is performed.
  • a method and apparatus for performing color adjustment by changing a reference color and a target color into which the reference color has to be adjusted in an adjustment region defined as an ellipse on a color space there is also provided a method and apparatus for performing color adjustment by changing a reference color and a target color into which the reference color has to be adjusted in an adjustment region defined as an ellipse on a color space.
  • a method of setting an adjustment region on a color space including: setting a coordinate point of a reference color as a centroid point of an ellipse in the color space; forming the ellipse including a coordinate point of a target color into which the reference color has to be converted; and setting the ellipse as the adjustment region.
  • a method of adjusting colors of an image including setting at least one adjustment region shaped as an ellipse in a color space; and converting colors of pixels included in the adjustment region to other colors based on a variable set.
  • an apparatus for adjusting colors of an image including: an adjustment unit adjusting at least one adjustment region shaped as an ellipse in a color space; and a converter unit converting colors of pixels included in the adjustment region to other colors based on a variable set.
  • a computer readable medium having recorded thereon a computer readable program performing the method of setting an adjustment region on a color space.
  • a computer readable medium having recorded thereon a computer readable program performing the method of adjusting colors of an image.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating a method of setting an adjustment region on a color space according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of adjusting a color of an image according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are graphs schematizing an operation of changing a coordinate point of an input pixel illustrated in FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph schematizing an operation of converting a color coordinate point of an input pixel using a conversion coefficient illustrated in FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an apparatus adjusting a color of an image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a detailed block diagram of an adjustment object determinator shown in FIG. 5 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a detailed block diagram of a color adjustment unit shown in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating a method of setting an adjustment region on a color space or image space according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • RGB data of an input pixel is converted into a YCbCr color model
  • an X-axis indicates a first color difference signal Cb
  • a Y-axis indicates a second color difference signal Cr.
  • the RGB data of the input pixel can be converted into a plurality of color models including of a brightness signal or a chromaticity signal.
  • the adjustment region has the form of an ellipse.
  • a reference color R has coordinates (x r , y r ) corresponding to the centroid of the ellipse, and a target color R′, into which the reference color R has to be converted, has coordinates (x r ′, y r ′).
  • the ellipse is characterized by a length a of a long-axis, i.e., a reference-axis, a length b of a short-axis, i.e., a complementary-axis, and a rotation angle ⁇ between the reference-axis and the X-axis.
  • Variables used for color adjustment include the coordinates (x r , y r ) of the reference color R, the coordinates (x r ′, y r ′) of the target color R′, first and second variables m 1 and m 2 related to the rotation angle ⁇ of the ellipse, and third and fourth variables f and g related to the lengths of the long-axis and the short-axis of the ellipse.
  • the first and second variables m 1 and m 2 and third and fourth variables f and g can be represented as shown in Equations 1 and 2.
  • m 1 cos( ⁇ )
  • m 2 sin( ⁇ ) [Equation 1]
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of adjusting a color of an image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an image signal to be color-adjusted is input in operation 210 .
  • the image signal is sequentially input in pixel units, and it is assumed that every input pixel is divided into a brightness signal, a first color difference signal and a second color difference signal such as the YCbCr color model in advance.
  • a color coordinate point P(x, y) is represented by a color coordinate point P(x, y) in a two-dimensional coordinate system defined by a Cr-axis and a Cb-axis as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B respectively show the color coordinate point P(x, y) before and after the change.
  • the color of the current pixel (i) is output as is in operation 260 .
  • a conversion coefficient ⁇ of the current pixel is calculated in operation 270 .
  • the slope B is calculated as shown in Equation 5
  • a distance r between the coordinates (x r , y r ) of the reference color R and an outline boundary of the adjustment region on a line passing through the color coordinate point P(x, y) of the current pixel are calculated.
  • Coordinates (x c , y c ) define an intersection point between the straight line and the outline boundary of the adjustment region.
  • the conversion coefficient ⁇ of the current pixel P(x, y) can be calculated as shown in Equation 7.
  • a newly adjusted color coordinate point P′(x′, y′) is obtained from the color coordinate point P(x, y) of the current pixel using the conversion coefficient ⁇ in operation 280 .
  • the adjusted color coordinate point P′(x′, y′) is set to the target color coordinate point R′(x r ′, y r ′).
  • the adjusted color coordinate point P′(x′, y′) is calculated as shown in Equation 8.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an apparatus for adjusting a color of an image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 500 includes an adjustment region setting unit 520 , an adjustment region information storage unit 530 , an adjustment object determinator 540 , and a color adjustment unit 550 .
  • the adjustment region information setting unit 520 sets an adjustment region based on information of adjustment regions which a user desires to adjust, input by the user via a predetermined user interface.
  • the adjustment regions can be set to more than one, and the adjustment regions can also overlap one another.
  • the user can adjust a centroid coordinate point of an ellipse, i.e., a reference color coordinate point, a target color coordinate point, a length a of a long-axis, a length b of a short-axis, and a rotation angle ⁇ between a long-axis of the ellipse and the X-axis in the adjustment region setting unit 520 .
  • the first and second variables m 1 and m 2 and third and fourth variables f and g changed according to the length a of the long-axis, the length b of the short-axis, and the rotation angle ⁇ are calculated as shown in Equation 1 and Equation 2.
  • the adjustment region information storage unit 530 stores a variable set for color adjustment including the first and second variables m 1 and m 2 and third and fourth variables f and g calculated by the information of the adjustment regions input from the adjustment region setting unit 520 , the reference color coordinate point, and the target color coordinate point for each adjustment region in a lookup table as shown in Table 1.
  • the adjustment regions can overlap one another. Accordingly, one pixel can be included in more than one adjustment region.
  • the adjustment region information storage unit 530 can be designed to grant priorities for the adjustment regions, perform color adjustment of an adjustment region corresponding to a highest priority, ignore the other adjustment regions, and process a subsequent pixel.
  • the adjustment region information storage unit 530 can be designed to obtain a converted color coordinate point by performing color adjustment of all adjustment regions in which a current pixel is included and perform a vector sum operation by multiplying the converted color coordinate point by weights allocated to the adjustment regions.
  • the priority may be arbitrarily allocated to each adjustment region by manufacturers or users of color image processing devices. For example, a highest priority may be allocated to a skin color, and then the priority may be allocated to the adjustment region in an order of a blue sky color, a green grass color, etc.
  • a basic weight may be allocated to each adjustment region or a weight determined by a more complicated manner may be allocated to each adjustment region. Commonly, the basic weight is calculated by (1/the number of adjustment regions to which the current pixel belongs). According to the more complicated manner, manufacturers or users of color image processing devices set importance-based weights on the adjustment regions in advance.
  • the normalized importance-based weight is defined by (an important-based weight of a relevant adjustment region/the sum of each important-based weight of adjustment regions to which the current pixel belongs).
  • the final weight of each adjustment region is calculated by (the basic weight ⁇ the normalized importance-based weight). That is, a conversion coefficient is calculated and the calculated conversion coefficient is multiplied by the basic weight or the final weight in each adjustment region among all of adjustment regions to which the current pixel belongs and finally the sum of the multiplication results is determined as the final conversion coefficient of the current pixel.
  • methods of allocating the priorities and weights are not limited to the above embodiments and various methods may be employed considering usage environments and purposes of color image processing devices, such as digital color TVs and digital still cameras.
  • N adjustment regions can be represented as shown in Table 1.
  • the adjustment object determinator 540 determines whether a current pixel of an input image signal 510 is a pixel to be adjusted by judging whether the current pixel is included in the adjustment region based on a variable set of each of the adjustment regions. If the current pixel of the input image signal 510 is a pixel to be adjusted, the adjustment object determinator 540 provides a color coordinate point of the current pixel to the color adjustment unit 550 .
  • the color adjustment unit 550 performs the color adjustment by inputting the color coordinate point of the current pixel and a variable set of relevant adjustment region if it is determined by the adjustment object determinator 540 that the current pixel is a pixel to be adjusted since the current pixel is included in the adjustment region.
  • FIG. 6 is a detailed block diagram of the adjustment object determinator 540 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the adjustment object determinator 540 includes a coordinate changer 610 and a determinator 620 .
  • the coordinate changer 610 changes an input color coordinate point P(x, y) of a current pixel into P(pl x , pl y ) using Equation 3. The color coordinate point of the current pixel is changed for each adjustment region.
  • the determinator 620 receives the coordinate point P(pl x , pl y ) of the current pixel changed by the coordinate changer 610 and a variable set of each of the adjustment regions provided by the adjustment region information storage unit 530 and determines whether the changed coordinate point P(pl x , pl y ) of the current pixel is included in the respective adjustment regions using Equation 4. If the changed coordinate point P(pl x , pl y ) of the current pixel is included in an adjustment region by satisfying Equation 4, the determinator 620 provides a color coordinate point P(x, y) of the current pixel and a variable set of the adjustment region to the color adjustment unit 550 .
  • the determinator 620 does not provide the color coordinate point P(x, y) of the current pixel to the color adjustment unit 550 .
  • FIG. 7 is a detailed block diagram of the color adjustment unit 550 shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the color adjustment unit 550 includes a switching unit 710 , a conversion coefficient calculator 720 , and a coordinate converter 730 .
  • the switching unit 710 receives an adjustment object determination result of the adjustment object determinator 540 and provides a current pixel to the conversion coefficient calculator 720 or outputs the current pixel as is. That is, the switching unit 710 allows the current pixel to be color-adjusted by providing the current pixel to the conversion coefficient calculator 720 when it is determined that the current pixel is a pixel to be adjusted. The switching unit 710 prevents the current pixel from being color-adjusted by outputting the current pixel, as is when it is determined that the current pixel is not a pixel to be adjusted.
  • the conversion coefficient calculator 720 calculates a conversion coefficient of the current pixel in a relevant adjustment region using Equation 7 in accordance with the variable set of the at least one adjustment region provided by the adjustment region information storage unit 530 .
  • the coordinate converter 730 receives the conversion coefficient of the current pixel in the relevant adjustment region calculated by the conversion coefficient calculator 720 and the variable set of the relevant adjustment region and adjusts a color of the current pixel by converting the color coordinate point P(x, y) of the current pixel into a color coordinate point P′(x′, y′) as shown in Equation 8.
  • the method and apparatus for adjusting a color of an image according to an embodiment of the present invention can be used by manufacturers of color image processing devices, such as digital color TVs and digital still cameras, to adjust basic color reproducing characteristics of manufactured products and by end-users to convert colors. Also, image editors can use the method and apparatus for adjusting a color of an image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention can also be embodied as computer readable codes on a computer readable recording medium.
  • the computer readable recording medium is any data storage device that can store data which can be thereafter read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable recording medium include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves (such as data transmission through the Internet).
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random-access memory
  • CD-ROMs compact discs
  • magnetic tapes magnetic tapes
  • floppy disks optical data storage devices
  • carrier waves such as data transmission through the Internet
  • carrier waves such as data transmission through the Internet
  • the computer readable recording medium can also be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. Also, functional programs, codes, and code segments for accomplishing the present invention can be easily construed by programmers skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains.
  • the degrees of freedom in selecting a color region to be adjusted and an adjustment level are selected by setting an adjustment region on a color space to an ellipse which can most properly express a color range recognized as a single color by a person and performing color adjustment in a way of varying a centroid point of the ellipse, i.e., a reference color, and a target color into which the reference color has to be adjusted. Also, since discontinuity of a color space is not generated in an image for which color adjustment is performed, a converted image becomes natural.

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  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Color Image Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Processing Of Color Television Signals (AREA)
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