Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
  • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/1955—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketonic, ketal, acetal radical
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
  • C10L1/2364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2300/00—Mixture of two or more additives covered by the same group of C10L1/00 - C10L1/308
  • C10L2300/30—Mixture of three components

Definitions

• This invention relates to an additive mixture as component of a composition of mineral oil as the main component and trace portions of an additive mixture as well as a method for producing a mineral oil composition that contains the additive mixture.
• Formulations of mineral oil as the main component and trace portions of additive mixtures made of usual unmodified ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers, hydrocarbon polymers, esterified maleic anhydride-olefin copolymers, polar nitrogen compounds such as amine salts of multivalent carboxylic acids and esterified polyoxyalkylenes are known (WO 94/10 267 A1, WO 95/33 012 A1, EP 0 921 183 A1, WO 93/14 178 A1, EP 0 889 323 A1).
• Disadvantages include insufficient flow properties and stability in storage of these formulations at low temperatures and limited lubricating ability of these formulations when the mineral oil component has a sulfur content below 0.005 mass %.
• the improved flow behavior is to result in energy savings at the pump sets through which these formulations are transported.
• These additive mixtures are to be developed taking into account that mineral oils with a very low sulfur content are to be used to make fuels with improved environmental compatibility as regards pollutant emissions of vehicles.
• the object of the invention was achieved by an additive mixture as component of a formulation of mineral oil as main component and trace portions of an additive mixture in which the additive mixture comprises the following additive components according to the invention:
• vinylester components that may be contained in the modified ethylene-vinylester copolymers are vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, 2-ethylhexyl vinylester, vinyl laurate, 2-hydroxyethyl vinylester, and 4-hydroxybutyl vinylester.
• the ethylene-vinylester copolymers may contain 1 to 30 mass %, in relation to the vinyl ester, of other unsaturated ester components such as (meth)acrylic esters like acrylic methyl ester, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, dodecyl acrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate and/or vinyl ethers such as octylvinyl ether or hexanediol monovinyl ether.
• unsaturated ester components such as (meth)acrylic esters like acrylic methyl ester, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, dodecyl acrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate and/or vinyl
• the ethylene-vinylester copolymers are modified by polar groups in that specific terminal groups such as aldehyde terminal groups, preferably terminal groups from acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, or isobutyraldehyde, carboxyalkylmercapto terminal groups, preferably terminal groups from mercaptoacetic acid or mercaptopropionic acid, or alkoxy terminal groups are incorporated into the copolymer, in that hydroxy and/or carboxy groups are incorporated into the copolymer by partial oxidation or saponification, by reacting the ethylene-vinylester-vinylalcohol copolymers with aldehydes to form hemiacetals, or by grafting polar, ethylenically unsaturated monomers onto the copolymer.
• specific terminal groups such as aldehyde terminal groups, preferably terminal groups from acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldeh
• the ethylene-vinylester copolymers modified by polar groups and contained in the additive mixture preferably are oxidized ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers with molecular mass number averages of 800 to 5000, acid numbers from 2 to 40 mg KOH/g and OH numbers from 20 to 150 mg KOH/g, or partially saponified ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers with molecular mass number averages of 800 to 5000 in which 5 to 30 mol % of the vinylacetate units are saponified, or hemiacetals of ethylene-vinylester-vinylalcohol copolymers with butyraldehyde.
• hemiacetals of ethylene-vinylester-vinylalcohol copolymers with butyraldehyde are hemiacetals of ethylene-vinylacetate-vinylalcohol copolymers that were reacted in a heterogenic phase with butyraldehyde as described in DD 295 507 A7.
• ethylene-vinylester copolymers modified by polar groups are ethylene-vinylester copolymers grafted with 6 to 20 mass % of polar unsaturated monomers of the vinyl ester, (meth)acryl ester and/or vinyl ether type.
• copolymers can be modified by grafting in that the unsaturated monomers are reacted in an extruder (DD 282 462 B5) or stirred tank reactor (DD 293 125 B5) in the presence of thermally decomposing radical formers. It is also possible to perform the modification during the production of the copolymer according to the high-pressure process by adding the monomer to the polymer melt in a low-pressure separator or in a discharging extruder.
• modified ethylene-vinylester copolymers are ethylene-vinylacetate copolymers grafted with vinylacetate and having molecular mass number averages from 800 to 5000 and a total vinylacetate content of 20 to 60 mass %, the vinylacetate content of the copolymer backbone chain being from 10 to 40 mass % and the portion of the grafted vinylacetate branches making up 10 to 20 mass %.
• the modified ethylene-vinylester copolymers may contain up to 35 mass % of poly-C 6 -C 36 -alkyl (meth)acrylate and/or unmodified ethylene-vinylester copolymers.
• polyalcohols that are contained as alcohol component in the C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 40 -monocarboxylic acids b) of the additive mixture are ethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols, glycerine, 1,1,1-tris-(hydroxymethyl) propane, pentaerythrite, and sorbite.
• C 12 -C 40 -monocarboxylic acids that are contained as carboxylic acid component in the C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 40 -monocarboxylic acid b) of the additive mixture are laurinic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid, eleostearic acid, linolic acid, linolenic acid, and erucic acid, or dimeric acids based on oleic acid or linolenic acid.
• C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 40 -monocarboxylic acids b) are mixed esters of polyalcohols in which the polyalcohols are esterified by mixtures of C 12 -C 40 -monocarboxylic acids.
• Special examples of C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 40 -monocarboxylic acids are the monoester of ethylene glycol with dilinolenic acid, a C 36 -dimeric acid, the diester of propylene glycol with oleic acid, and the triester of pentaerythrite with stearic acid.
• C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 40 -monocarboxylic acids b) are esters of unsaturated C 16 -C 24 -monocarboxylic acids with C 3 -C 4 -polyalcohols, the C 22 -monocarboxylic acid content in relation to the overall mass of the C 16 -C 24 -monocarboxylic acids being 45 to 52 mass %.
• Examples of unsaturated C 16 -C 24 -monocarboxylic acids that may be contained in the preferred esters of unsaturated C 16 -C 24 -monocarboxylic acids with C 3 -C 4 -polyalcohols as additive component b) are oleic acid, linolic acid, linolenic acid, and erucic acid.
• Examples of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20 -dicarboxylic anhydrides that are present as monomeric components in the copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20 -dicarboxylic anhydrides and vinyl aromatics and/or C 2 -C 36 - ⁇ -olefins that are present partially and/or completely imidated as additive component c) in the additive mixture of the mineral oil formulations are allylsuccinic anhydride, bicycloheptene dicarboxylic anhydride, bicyclooctene dicarboxylic anhydride, carbomethoxymaleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, cyclohexene dicarboxylic anhydride, dodecencyl succinic anhydride, glutaconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, maleic anhydride, mesaconic anhydride, methylbicycloheptene dicarboxylic anhydride and
• vinyl aromatics suitable as comonomers that may be contained as monomeric components in the partially and/or completely imidated copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20 -dicarboxylic anhydrides c) of the additive mixtures are styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and vinylpyridine.
• C 2 -C 36 - ⁇ -olefins suitable as comonomers that may be contained as monomeric components in the partially and/or completely imidated copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20 -dicarboxylic anhydrides c) of the additive mixture are ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as C 2 -C 20 -olefins, C 4 -C 21 -acrylic esters, C 5 -C 22 -methacrylic esters, C 5 -C 14 -vinylsilanes, C 6 -C 15 -acrylate silanes, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylnitrile, vinyl oxazoline, isopropenyl oxazoline, vinyl pyrrolidone, amino-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl-(meth) acrylate, C 3 -C 20 -vinylester, C 3 -C 20 -vinylether
• Preferred comonomers as monomeric components in the partially and/or completely imidated copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20 -dicarboxylic anhydrides c) of the additive mixtures are isobutylene, di-isobutylene, vinylacetate, styrene, and ⁇ -methylstyrene.
• the partially imidated copolymers of C 4 -C 20 -ethylenically unsaturated acid anhydrides and vinyl aromatics and/or C 2 -C 36 - ⁇ -olefins as additive components c) have a mole ratio from 1:1 to 1:9 and molecular mass weight averages from 5000 to 500000, that they have been partially imidated with ammonia, C 1 -C 24 -monoalkylamines, C 6 -C 18 -aromatic monoamines, C 2 -C 18 -monoaminoalcohols, monoaminated poly (C 2 -C 4 -alkylene)-oxides with a molar mass of 400 to 3000, and/or monoetherified poly(C 2 -C 4 -alkylene) oxides with a molar mass of 100 to 10000, the mole ratio of anhydride groups copolymer/ammonia, amino group C 1 -C 24 -monoalkylamines
• Particularly suited as partially or completely imidated copolymers from ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20 -dicarboxylic anhydrides c) are maleic anhydride copolymers imidated with C 12 -C 24 -monoalkyl amines such as oleylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, or eicosylamine, monosubstituted diamines such as N-dodecyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N-octadecyl-1,3-diaminopropane, or N-octadecyl propylene triamine, or aminoalcohols such as aminodecane-10-ol or aminohexadecane-16-ol.
• C 12 -C 24 -monoalkyl amines such as oleylamine, dodecylamine, hex
• Particularly preferred partially imidated copolymers of dicarboxylic anhydrides and vinyl aromatics and/or C 2 -C 36 - ⁇ -olefins as additive component c) are maleic anhydride- ⁇ -methylstyrene copolymers partially imidated with C 6 -C 24 monoalkylamines in which the mole ratio of anhydride groups in the copolymer to bound C 6 -C 24 -monoalkylamine in the copolymer is 8:1 to 1.3:1.
• the mineral oils may also contain up to 30 mass % of synthesized hydrocarbons from the Fischer-Tropsch process, up to 20 mass % of modified vegetable oils based on sunflower oil, soybean oil, rape-seed oil, or animal oils, biodiesel and/or up to 10 mass % of alcohols such as methanol or ethanol.
• the preferred content of the additive mixture in the mineral oil is between 0.01 and 0.3 mass %.
• the mineral oil may contain a total of 0 to 200 mass % in relation to the total of additive components a) and b) or a) and c) or a), b), and c), of other additive components such as fatty acid mixtures, polar nitrogen compounds, preferably polyamines, etheramines, amino alcohols, amine salts, amides or imides of multivalent carboxylic acids; C 7 -C 30 -alcohols, polyalkylene glycols, esters or ethers of polyoxyalkylene compounds, unmodified ethylene-vinylester copolymers, hydrocarbon polymers, alkylphenol-aldehyde copolymers, aromatic compounds with C 8 -C 100 -alkyl substituents, carboxylated polyamines, detergents, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, cetane number improvers, defoaming agents and/or cosolvents.
• polar nitrogen compounds preferably polyamines, etheramines,
• fatty acid mixtures contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are mixtures of saturated and/or unsaturated C 6 -C 40 -carboxylic acids such as lauric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, dimeric fatty acids, and alkenyl succinic acids.
• Examples of the polar nitrogen compounds of the polyamine type contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are N-hexadecyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N-octadecyl dipropylenetriamine, N-dodecyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N,N′-didodecyl-1,3-diaminopropane, and N,N′-dioctadecyl dipropylenetriamine.
• Examples of polar nitrogen compounds of the etheramine type contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are 3-methoxypropylamine, 3-N-octyloxypropyl-1,3-diaminopropane, and 3-N-(2,4,6-trimethyldecyloxypropyl)-1,3-diaminopropane.
• Examples of polar nitrogen compounds of the amino alcohol type contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are aminopentane-5-ol, aminoundecane-11-ol, and 2-amino-2-methylpropanol.
• Examples of amines contained as other additive components on which polar nitrogen compounds of the amine salt, amide, or imide type of multivalent carboxylic acids are based are C 8 -C 40 -amines such as hydrated tallamine, tetradecylamine, eicosylamine, dioctadecylamine, methyl behenylamine, N-oleyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N-stearyl-1-methyl-1,3-diaminopropane, or N-oleyldipropylenetriamine.
• multivalent carboxylic acids as other additive components on which polar nitrogen compounds of the amine salt or amide type of multivalent carboxylic acids are based are phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthaline dicarboxylic acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, and cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid.
• polar nitrogen compounds of the amine salt type contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are N-methyl triethanol ammonium distearyl ester chloride and N-methyl triethanol ammonium distearyl ester methosulfate.
• C 7 -C 30 -alcohols that may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are dodecanol, stearyl alcohol, and ceryl alcohol.
• polyalkylene glycols that may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers with molar masses from 500 to 5000.
• esters of polyoxyalkylene compounds that may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are C 10 -C 24 -monoalkyl esters or dialkyl esters of polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol monostearyl ester or polypropylene glycol dioleate.
• ethers of polyoxyalkylene compounds that may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are C 1 -C 4 -monoalkyl ethers or dialkyl ethers of polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol monostearyl ether or polypropylene glycol dibutyl ether.
• hydrocarbon polymers that may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are copolymers of ethylene and C 3 -C 20 - ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene-propylene copolymers or ethylene-dodecene copolymers or hydrated polymers of multiply unsaturated monomers of the hydrated diene copolymer type such as hydrated polybutadiene or hydrated polyisoprene with molecular mass number averages up to 30000.
• copolymers of ethylene and C 3 -C 20 - ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene-propylene copolymers or ethylene-dodecene copolymers or hydrated polymers of multiply unsaturated monomers of the hydrated diene copolymer type such as hydrated polybutadiene or hydrated polyisoprene with molecular mass number averages up to 30000.
• alkyl phenol-aldehyde copolymers that may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are copolymers that can be produced by reacting alkylated phenols such as phenol propylene oligomer adducts with paraformaldehyde.
• aromatic compounds with C 8 -C 100 -alkyl substituents that may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are compounds that can be produced by means of Friedel-Krafts condensation of halogenated hydrocarbons such as halogenated polyethylene wax with aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene or naphthaline.
• detergents that may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are aliphatic sulfonic acids such as C 8 -C 30 -alkane sulfonates or aromatic-aliphatic alkane sulfonates, especially nonylbenzene sulfonic acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, didodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, and nonylnaphthaline sulfonic acid.
• aliphatic sulfonic acids such as C 8 -C 30 -alkane sulfonates or aromatic-aliphatic alkane sulfonates, especially nonylbenzene sulfonic acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, didodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, and nonylnaphthaline sulfonic acid.
• demulsifiers that may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are oxalkylated phenol-formaldehyde condensates, polyalkylene glycol-modified diglycid ethers, polyesteramines, or alkoxylated fatty acids.
• cetane number improvers that may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are organic nitric esters such as ethylhexyl nitrate, cyclohexyl nitrate, or ethoxyethyl nitrate, or soluble organic peroxides, hydroperoxides, or peresters.
• Preferred defoaming agents that may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil are polyalkylene oxide-siloxane block copolymers and carboxylated polyamines.
• polyalkylene oxide-siloxane block copolymers are block copolymers that contain a combination of trifunctional siloxane blocks such as monomethyl siloxane groups, difunctional siloxane groups such as dimethyl siloxane groups, and monofunctional siloxane groups such as trimethyl siloxane groups; a preferred length of the siloxane blocks is from 5 to 20 monomeric units.
• the preferred length for the polyalkylene oxide blocks is 2 to 40 monomeric units, preferred are polyoxyalkylene blocks of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units.
• carboxylated polyamines as defoaming agents are reaction products of C 8 -C 24 -fatty acids and amines such as ethylene diamine, butylene diamine, diethylene triamine, and pentaethylene hexamine-1,2-diaminobutanol.
• cosolvents that may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil compositions are gasoline fractions, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene, isononanol, ethyl hexanol, dodecyl phenol, epoxidized rape-seed oil, and epoxidized soybean oil.
• the formulations of mineral oil as the main component and trace portions of an additive mixture are produced using a method in which, according to the invention, mineral oil formulations that contain the additive components
• the content of the additive mixture in the mineral oil is 0.005 to 1 mass % and the mass proportion of the additive components a/b or a/c or a/(b+c) is 10:90 to 90:10, respectively,
• formulations according to the invention consisting of mineral oil as the main component and trace portions of an additive mixture are preferably suitable as flowable media to be transported at low temperatures and as mineral oil fuels with high lubricity and flowability.
• Examples of the flowable media to be transported at low temperatures are the transport of crude oil formulations from the extraction site of the crude oil through pipelines to loading and storage and the transport of diesel or heating oil formulations in pipelines.
• Vinyl acetate content modified method according to ISO 8995, DIN 16778 Part 2:
• a 500 ml mineral oil sample is shaken vertically 20 times, kept at 10° C. for 16 hours, shaken vertically 10 times, and the entire sample is filtered all at once through a filter of cellulose nitrate (50 mm in diameter, 0.8 ⁇ m pore size) that sits on a suction cap with a vacuum of approx. 200 hPa. The time in which the sample runs through the filter is measured. The SEDAB filtration test is deemed passed if the sample passes through the filter in a period ⁇ 120 s.
• 60 mass % of an ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer wax grafted with vinyl acetate (produced according to DD 293 125 A5, total vinyl acetate content 45 mass %, molecular mass weight average 3800 g/mol, vinyl acetate content of the ungrafted ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer wax 32 mass %, degree of saponification 32 mol %) and 40 mass % of an ungrafted ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer wax (manufactured by LEUNA Polymer GmbH, vinylacetate content 32.5 mass %, molecular mass number average 1920 g/mol) are intermixed.
• Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer partially imidated with C 16 -C 18 -fatty amine, molecular mass number average 9500 g/mol, acid number 29
• the additive solution according to 1.2 is injected at 0.48 kg/min into a product stream of diesel without additives, batch 16080601, flowing at 800 kg/min and the mixture is transferred into a storage tank.
• the CFPP value is ⁇ 3° C. and the “wear scar diameter” is 520 ⁇ m.
• 50 mass % of a partially saponified ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer wax (molecular mass weight average 1600 g/mol, vinylacetate content of the unsaponified ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer wax 29 mass %, degree of saponification 15 mol %) and 50 mass % of an unsaponified ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer wax (manufactured by LEUNA Polymer GmbH, vinylacetate content 29 mass %, molecular mass number average 2015 g/mol) are intermixed.
• Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer partially imidated with C 16 -C 18 -fatty amine, molecular mass number average 21000 g/mol, acid number 37
• Vinylacetate-ethylhexylacrylate copolymer (mole ratio 1.5:1, molecular mass number average 13500)
• the additive solution according to 2.2 is injected at 0.12 kg/min into a product stream of diesel without additives, batch 030210, flowing at 800 kg/min and the mixture is transferred into a storage tank.
• the CFPP value is ⁇ 5° C. and the “wear scar diameter” is 528 ⁇ m.
• an oxidized ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer wax (molecular mass number average 950 g/mol, vinylacetate 29.5 mass %, acid number 18 mg KOH/g, OH number 70 mg KOH/g) and 60 mass % of an unoxidized ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer wax (manufactured by LEUNA Polymer GmbH, vinylacetate content 32.5 mass %, molecular mass weight average 4400 g/mol) are intermixed.
• Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer partially imidated with C 16 -C 18 -fatty amine, molecular mass number average 9500 g/mol, acid number 25
• the additive solution according to 3.2 is injected at 0.24 kg/min into a product stream of heating oil without additives, batch 030225, flowing at 800 kg/min, and the mixture is transferred into a storage tank.
• the CFPP value is ⁇ 13° C.
• the additive solution according to 4.2 is injected at 0.28 kg/min into a product stream of heating oil without additives, batch 030218, flowing at 800 kg/min, and the mixture is transferred into a storage tank.
• the CFPP value is ⁇ 1° C.
• Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer partially imidated with C 16 -C 18 -fatty amine, molecular mass number average 26500 g/mol, acid number 8.2
• Octadecylacrylate-ethylacrylate copolymer (mole ratio 4:1, molecular mass number average 13500)
• the additive solution according to 5.2 is injected at 0.48 kg/min into a product stream of diesel without additives, batch 16080601, flowing at 800 kg/min and the mixture is transferred into a storage tank.
• the CFPP value is ⁇ 3° C.
• the CP value of the short-time sedimentation test is +10° C.
• the SEDAB filtration test is deemed failed (468 ml in >120 s).
• Octadecene-maleic anhydride copolymer partially imidated with C 16 -C 18 -fatty amine, molecular mass number average 4200 g/mol,
• Triesters of pentaerythrite with stearic acid Triesters of pentaerythrite with stearic acid
• the additive solution according to 6.2 is injected at 0.24 kg/min into a product stream of diesel without additives, batch 030210, flowing at 800 kg/min and the mixture is transferred into a storage tank.
• the CFPP value is ⁇ 5° C.
• the CP value of the short-time sedimentation test is +12° C.
• the SEDAB filtration test is deemed failed (468 ml in >120 s).
• the additive solution according to 7.2 is injected at 0.24 kg/min into a product stream of diesel oil without additives, batch 030225, flowing at 800 kg/min, and the mixture is transferred into a storage tank.
• the CFPP value is ⁇ 13° C.
• the additive solution according to 8.2 is injected at 0.48 kg/min into a product stream of diesel without additives, batch 16080601, flowing at 800 kg/min and the mixture is transferred into a storage tank.
• the CFPP value is ⁇ 3° C.

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• 2004
  • 2004-10-15 WO PCT/DE2004/002314 patent/WO2005040315A1/fr active Application Filing
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