US7653533B2 - Removing time delays in signal paths - Google Patents

Removing time delays in signal paths Download PDF

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US7653533B2
US7653533B2 US11/540,920 US54092006A US7653533B2 US 7653533 B2 US7653533 B2 US 7653533B2 US 54092006 A US54092006 A US 54092006A US 7653533 B2 US7653533 B2 US 7653533B2
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downmix signal
signal
spatial information
downmix
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US20070094011A1 (en
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Hee Suk Pang
Dong Soo Kim
Jae Hyun Lim
Hyen O. Oh
Yang Won Jung
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LG Electronics Inc
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LG Electronics Inc
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Priority claimed from KR1020060078219A external-priority patent/KR20070074442A/ko
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/008—Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
    • G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
    • H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S5/00—Pseudo-stereo systems, e.g. in which additional channel signals are derived from monophonic signals by means of phase shifting, time delay or reverberation 
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
    • G10L19/16—Vocoder architecture
    • G10L19/167—Audio streaming, i.e. formatting and decoding of an encoded audio signal representation into a data stream for transmission or storage purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
    • G10L19/16—Vocoder architecture
    • G10L19/18—Vocoders using multiple modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field

Definitions

  • the disclosed embodiments relate generally to signal processing.
  • Multi-channel audio coding captures a spatial image of a multi-channel audio signal into a compact set of spatial parameters that can be used to synthesize a high quality multi-channel representation from a transmitted downmix signal.
  • a downmix signal can become time delayed relative to other downmix signals and/or corresponding spatial parameters due to signal processing (e.g., time-to-frequency domain conversions).
  • the disclosed embodiments include systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable mediums for compensating one or more signals and/or one or more parameters for time delays in one or more signal processing paths.
  • a method of processing an audio signal includes: receiving an audio signal including a downmix signal and spatial information; converting the downmix signal from a first domain to a second domain; and combining the converted downmix signal and the spatial information, wherein at least one of the combined downmix signal and the combined spatial information is delayed by amount of time that includes an elapsed time of the converting.
  • a system for generating a plural-channel audio signal includes a downmix decoder configured for processing an encoded downmix signal.
  • a plural-channel decoder is operatively coupled to the downmix decoder and configured for generating a plural-channel audio signal.
  • a domain converter is included in the plural-channel decoder and configured for converting the downmix signal from a first domain to a second domain.
  • a delay processor included in the plural-channel decoder and configured for compensating the downmix signal for time delay resulting from converting the downmix signal.
  • a system for generating a plural-channel audio signal includes a domain converter configured for converting a downmix signal from a first domain to a second domain.
  • a delay processor is operatively coupled to the domain converter and configured for compensating the converted downmix signal for time delay resulting from the conversion.
  • a plural-channel audio processor is operatively coupled to the delay processor and configured for generating a plural-channel audio signal from the compensated downmix signal and spatial information.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 are block diagrams of apparatuses for decoding an audio signal according to embodiments of the present invention, respectively;
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a plural-channel decoding unit shown in FIG. 1 to explain a signal processing method
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a plural-channel decoding unit shown in FIG. 2 to explain a signal processing method
  • FIGS. 6 to 10 are block diagrams to explain a method of decoding an audio signal according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a domain of the audio signal can be converted in the audio signal processing.
  • the converting of the domain of the audio signal maybe include a T/F(Time/Frequency) domain conversion and a complexity domain conversion.
  • the T/F domain conversion includes at least one of a time domain signal to a frequency domain signal conversion and a frequency domain signal to time domain signal conversion.
  • the complexity domain conversion means a domain conversion according to complexity of an operation of the audio signal processing. Also, the complexity domain conversion includes a signal in a real frequency domain to a signal in a complex frequency domain, a signal in a complex frequency domain to a signal in a real frequency domain, etc. If an audio signal is processed without considering time alignment, audio quality may be degraded. A delay processing can be performed for the alignment.
  • the delay processing can include at least one of an encoding delay and a decoding delay.
  • the encoding delay means that a signal is delayed by a delay accounted for in the encoding of the signal.
  • the decoding delay means a real time delay introduced during decoding of the signal.
  • Downmix input domain means a domain of a downmix signal receivable in a plural-channel decoding unit that generates a plural-channel audio signal.
  • Residual input domain means a domain of a residual signal receivable in the plural-channel decoding unit.
  • Time-series data means data that needs time synchronization with a plural-channel audio signal or time alignment. Some examples of ‘time series data’ includes data for moving pictures, still images, text, etc.
  • Leading means a process for advancing a signal by a specific time.
  • ‘Lagging’ means a process for delaying a signal by a specific time.
  • Spatial information means information for synthesizing plural-channel audio signals.
  • Spatial information can be spatial parameters, including but not limited to: CLD (channel level difference) indicating an energy difference between two channels, ICC (inter-channel coherences) indicating correlation between two channels), CPC (channel prediction coefficients) that is a prediction coefficient used in generating three channels from two channels, etc.
  • CLD channel level difference
  • ICC inter-channel coherences
  • CPC channel prediction coefficients
  • the audio signal decoding described herein is one example of signal processing that can benefit from the present invention.
  • the present invention can also be applied to other types of signal processing (e.g., video signal processing).
  • the embodiments described herein can be modified to include any number of signals, which can be represented in any kind of domain, including but not limited to: time, Quadrature Mirror Filter (QMF), Modified Discreet Cosine Transform (MDCT), complexity, etc.
  • a method of processing an audio signal includes generating a plural-channel audio signal by combining a downmix signal and spatial information.
  • a downmix signal e.g., time domain, QMF, MDCT. Since conversions between domains can introduce time delay in the signal path of a downmix signal, a step of compensating for a time synchronization difference between a downmix signal and spatial information corresponding to the downmix signal is needed.
  • the compensating for a time synchronization difference can include delaying at least one of the downmix signal and the spatial information.
  • the embodiments described herein can be implemented as instructions on a computer-readable medium, which, when executed by a processor (e.g., computer processor), cause the processor to perform operations that provide the various aspects of the present invention described herein.
  • a processor e.g., computer processor
  • the term “computer-readable medium” refers to any medium that participates in providing instructions to a processor for execution, including without limitation, non-volatile media (e.g., optical or magnetic disks), volatile media (e.g., memory) and transmission media.
  • Transmission media includes, without limitation, coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic, light or radio frequency waves.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of an apparatus for decoding an audio signal according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • an apparatus for decoding an audio signal includes a downmix decoding unit 100 and a plural-channel decoding unit 200 .
  • the downmix decoding unit 100 includes a domain converting unit 110 .
  • the downmix decoding unit 100 transmits a downmix signal XQ 1 processed in a QMF domain to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 without further processing.
  • the downmix decoding unit 100 also transmits a time domain downmix signal XT 1 to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 , which is generated by converting the downmix signal XQ 1 from the QMF domain to the time domain using the converting unit 110 .
  • Techniques for converting an audio signal from a QMF domain to a time domain are well-known and have been incorporated in publicly available audio signal processing standards (e.g., MPEG).
  • the plural-channel decoding unit 200 generates a plural-channel audio signal XM 1 using the downmix signal XT 1 or XQ 1 , and spatial information SI 1 or SI 2 .
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of an apparatus for decoding an audio signal according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus for decoding an audio signal includes a downmix decoding unit 100 a , a plural-channel decoding unit 200 a and a domain converting unit 300 a.
  • the downmix decoding unit 100 a includes a domain converting unit 110 a .
  • the downmix decoding unit 100 a outputs a downmix signal Xm processed in a MDCT domain.
  • the downmix decoding unit 100 a also outputs a downmix signal XT 2 in a time domain, which is generated by converting Xm from the MDCT domain to the time domain using the converting unit 110 a.
  • the downmix signal XT 2 in a time domain is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 a .
  • the downmix signal Xm in the MDCT domain passes through the domain converting unit 300 a , where it is converted to a downmix signal XQ 2 in a QMF domain.
  • the converted downmix signal XQ 2 is then transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 a.
  • the plural-channel decoding unit 200 a generates a plural-channel audio signal XM 2 using the transmitted downmix signal XT 2 or XQ 2 and spatial information SI 3 or SI 4 .
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of an apparatus for decoding an audio signal according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus for decoding an audio signal includes a downmix decoding unit 100 b , a plural-channel decoding unit 200 b , a residual decoding unit 400 b and a domain converting unit 500 b.
  • the downmix decoding unit 100 b includes a domain converting unit 110 b .
  • the downmix decoding unit 100 b transmits a downmix signal XQ 3 processed in a QMF domain to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 b without further processing.
  • the downmix decoding unit 100 b also transmits a downmix signal XT 3 to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 b , which is generated by converting the downmix signal XQ 3 from a QMF domain to a time domain using the converting unit 110 b.
  • an encoded residual signal RB is inputted into the residual decoding unit 400 b and then processed.
  • the processed residual signal RM is a signal in an MDCT domain.
  • a residual signal can be, for example, a prediction error signal commonly used in audio coding applications (e.g., MPEG).
  • the residual signal RM in the MDCT domain is converted to a residual signal RQ in a QMF domain by the domain converting unit 500 b , and then transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 b.
  • the processed residual signal can be transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 b without undergoing a domain converting process.
  • FIG. 3 shows that in some embodiments the domain converting unit 500 b converts the residual signal RM in the MDCT domain to the residual signal RQ in the QMF domain.
  • the domain converting unit 500 b is configured to convert the residual signal RM outputted from the residual decoding unit 400 b to the residual signal RQ in the QMF domain.
  • An audio signal process generates a plural-channel audio signal by decoding an encoded audio signal including a downmix signal and spatial information.
  • the downmix signal and the spatial information undergo different processes, which can cause different time delays.
  • the downmix signal and the spatial information can be encoded to be time synchronized.
  • the downmix signal and the spatial information can be time synchronized by considering the domain in which the downmix signal processed in the downmix decoding unit 100 , 100 a or 100 b is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 , 200 a or 200 b.
  • a downmix coding identifier can be included in the encoded audio signal for identifying the domain in which the time synchronization between the downmix signal and the spatial information is matched.
  • the downmix coding identifier can indicate a decoding scheme of a downmix signal.
  • the encoded audio signal can be decoded by an AAC decoder.
  • AAC Advanced Audio Coding
  • the downmix coding identifier can also be used to determine a domain for matching the time synchronization between the downmix signal and the spatial information.
  • a downmix signal can be processed in a domain different from a time-synchronization matched domain and then transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 , 200 a or 200 b .
  • the decoding unit 200 , 200 a or 200 b compensates for the time synchronization between the downmix signal and the spatial information to generate a plural-channel audio signal.
  • a method of compensating for a time synchronization difference between a downmix signal and spatial information is explained with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 as follows.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the plural-channel decoding unit 200 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the downmix signal processed in the downmix decoding unit 100 can be transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 in one of two kinds of domains.
  • a downmix signal and spatial information are matched together with time synchronization in a QMF domain. Other domains are possible.
  • a downmix signal XQ 1 processed in the QMF domain is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 for signal processing.
  • the transmitted downmix signal XQ 1 is combined with spatial information SI 1 in a plural-channel generating unit 230 to generate the plural-channel audio signal XM 1 .
  • the spatial information SI 1 is combined with the downmix signal XQ 1 after being delayed by a time corresponding to time synchronization in encoding.
  • the delay can be an encoding delay. Since the spatial information SI 1 and the downmix signal XQ 1 are matched with time synchronization in encoding, a plural-channel audio signal can be generated without a special synchronization matching process. That is, in this case, the spatial information ST 1 is not delayed by a decoding delay.
  • the downmix signal XT 1 processed in the time domain is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 for signal processing.
  • the downmix signal XQ 1 in a QMF domain is converted to a downmix signal XT 1 in a time domain by the domain converting unit 110 , and the downmix signal XT 1 in the time domain is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 .
  • the transmitted downmix signal XT 1 is converted to a downmix signal Xq 1 in the QMF domain by the domain converting unit 210 .
  • At least one of the downmix signal Xq 1 and spatial information SI 2 can be transmitted to the plural-channel generating unit 230 after completion of time delay compensation.
  • the plural-channel generating unit 230 can generate a plural-channel audio signal XM 1 by combining a transmitted downmix signal Xql′ and spatial information SI 2 ′.
  • the time delay compensation should be performed on at least one of the downmix signal Xq 1 and the spatial information SI 2 , since the time synchronization between the spatial information and the downmix signal is matched in the QMF domain in encoding.
  • the domain-converted downmix signal Xq 1 can be inputted to the plural-channel generating unit 230 after being compensated for the mismatched time synchronization difference in a signal delay processing unit 220 .
  • a method of compensating for the time synchronization difference is to lead the downmix signal Xq 1 by the time synchronization difference.
  • the time synchronization difference can be a total of a delay time generated from the domain converting unit 110 and a delay time of the domain converting unit 210 .
  • the spatial information SI 2 is lagged by the time synchronization difference in a spatial information delay processing unit 240 and then transmitted to the plural-channel generating unit 230 .
  • a delay value of substantially delayed spatial information corresponds to a total of a mismatched time synchronization difference and a delay time of which time synchronization has been matched. That is, the delayed spatial information is delayed by the encoding delay and the decoding delay. This total also corresponds to a total of the time synchronization difference between the downmix signal and the spatial information generated in the downmix decoding unit 100 ( FIG. 1 ) and the time synchronization difference generated in the plural-channel decoding unit 200 .
  • the delay value of the substantially delayed spatial information SI 2 can be determined by considering the performance and delay of a filter (e.g., a QMF, hybrid filter bank).
  • a filter e.g., a QMF, hybrid filter bank.
  • a spatial information delay value which considers performance and delay of a filter, can be 961 time samples.
  • the time synchronization difference generated in the downmix decoding unit 100 is 257 time samples and the time synchronization difference generated in the plural-channel decoding unit 200 is 704 time samples.
  • the delay value is represented by a time sample unit, it can be represented by a timeslot unit as well.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the plural-channel decoding unit 200 a shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the downmix signal processed in the downmix decoding unit 100 a can be transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 a in one of two kinds of domains.
  • a downmix signal and spatial information are matched together with time synchronization in a QMF domain.
  • Other domains are possible.
  • An audio signal, of which downmix signal and spatial information are matched on a domain different from a time domain, can be processed.
  • the downmix signal XT 2 processed in a time domain is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 a for signal processing.
  • a downmix signal Xm in an MDCT domain is converted to a downmix signal XT 2 in a time domain by the domain converting unit 110 a.
  • the converted downmix signal XT 2 is then transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 a.
  • the transmitted downmix signal XT 2 is converted to a downmix signal Xq 2 in a QMF domain by the domain converting unit 210 a and is then transmitted to a plural-channel generating unit 230 a.
  • the transmitted downmix signal Xq 2 is combined with spatial information S 13 in the plural-channel generating unit 230 a to generate the plural-channel audio signal XM 2 .
  • the spatial information S 13 is combined with the downmix signal Xq 2 after delaying an amount of time corresponding to time synchronization in encoding.
  • the delay can be an encoding delay. Since the spatial information SI 3 and the downmix signal Xq 2 are matched with time synchronization in encoding, a plural-channel audio signal can be generated without a special synchronization matching process. That is, in this case, the spatial information SI 3 is not delayed by a decoding delay.
  • the downmix signal XQ 2 processed in a QMF domain is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 a for signal processing.
  • the downmix signal Xm processed in an MDCT domain is outputted from a downmix decoding unit 100 a .
  • the outputted downmix signal Xm is converted to a downmix signal XQ 2 in a QMF domain by the domain converting unit 300 a .
  • the converted downmix signal XQ 2 is then transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 a.
  • the downmix signal XQ 2 in the QMF domain is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 a , at least one of the downmix signal XQ 2 or spatial information SI 4 can be transmitted to the plural-channel generating unit 230 a after completion of time delay compensation.
  • the plural-channel generating unit 230 a can generate the plural-channel audio signal XM 2 by combining a transmitted downmix signal XQ 2 ′ and spatial information SI 4 ′ together.
  • the reason why the time delay compensation should be performed on at least one of the downmix signal XQ 2 and the spatial information SI 4 is because time synchronization between the spatial information and the downmix signal is matched in the time domain in encoding.
  • the domain-converted downmix signal XQ 2 can be inputted to the plural-channel generating unit 230 a after having been compensated for the mismatched time synchronization difference in a signal delay processing unit 220 a.
  • a method of compensating for the time synchronization difference is to lag the downmix signal XQ 2 by the time synchronization difference.
  • the time synchronization difference can be a difference between a delay time generated from the domain converting unit 300 a and a total of a delay time generated from the domain converting unit 110 a and a delay time generated from the domain converting unit 210 a.
  • the spatial information SI 4 is led by the time synchronization difference in a spatial information delay processing unit 240 a and then transmitted to the plural-channel generating unit 230 a.
  • a delay value of substantially delayed spatial information corresponds to a total of a mismatched time synchronization difference and a delay time of which time synchronization has been matched. That is, the delayed spatial information SI 4 ′ is delayed by the encoding delay and the decoding delay.
  • a method of processing an audio signal according to one embodiment of the present invention includes encoding an audio signal of which time synchronization between a downmix signal and spatial information is matched by assuming a specific decoding scheme and decoding the encoded audio signal.
  • the high quality decoding scheme outputs a plural-channel audio signal having audio quality that is more refined than that of the lower power decoding scheme.
  • the lower power decoding scheme has relatively lower power consumption due to its configuration, which is less complicated than that of the high quality decoding scheme.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram to explain a method of decoding an audio signal according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a decoding apparatus includes a downmix decoding unit 100 c and a plural-channel decoding unit 200 c.
  • a downmix signal XT 4 processed in the downmix decoding unit 100 c is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 c , where the signal is combined with spatial information SI 7 or SI 8 to generate a plural-channel audio signal M 1 or M 2 .
  • the processed downmix signal XT 4 is a downmix signal in a time domain.
  • An encoded downmix signal DB is transmitted to the downmix decoding unit 100 c and processed.
  • the processed downmix signal XT 4 is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 c , which generates a plural-channel audio signal according to one of two kinds of decoding schemes: a high quality decoding scheme and a low power decoding scheme.
  • the downmix signal XT 4 is transmitted and decoded along a path P 2 .
  • the processed downmix signal XT 4 is converted to a signal XRQ in a real QMF domain by a domain converting unit 240 c.
  • the converted downmix signal XRQ is converted to a signal XQC 2 in a complex QMF domain by a domain converting unit 250 c .
  • the XRQ downmix signal to the XQC 2 downmix signal conversion is an example of complexity domain conversion.
  • the signal XQC 2 in the complex QMF domain is combined with spatial information SI 8 in a plural-channel generating unit 260 c to generate the plural-channel audio signal M 2 .
  • the downmix signal XT 4 is transmitted and decoded along a path P 1 .
  • the processed downmix signal XT 4 is converted to a signal XCQ 1 in a complex QMF domain by a domain converting unit 210 c.
  • the converted downmix signal XCQ 1 is then delayed by a time delay difference between the downmix signal XCQ 1 and spatial information SI 7 in a signal delay processing unit 220 c.
  • the delayed downmix signal XCQ 1 ′ is combined with spatial information SI 7 in a plural-channel generating unit 230 c , which generates the plural-channel audio signal M 1 .
  • the downmix signal XCQ 1 passes through the signal delay processing unit 220 c . This is because a time synchronization difference between the downmix signal XCQ 1 and the spatial information SI 7 is generated due to the encoding of the audio signal on the assumption that a low power decoding scheme will be used.
  • the time synchronization difference is a time delay difference, which depends on the decoding scheme that is used. For example, the time delay difference occurs because the decoding process of, for example, a low power decoding scheme is different than a decoding process of a high quality decoding scheme.
  • the time delay difference is considered until a time point of combining a downmix signal and spatial information, since it may not be necessary to synchronize the downmix signal and spatial information after the time point of combining the downmix signal and the spatial information.
  • the time synchronization difference is a difference between a first delay time occurring until a time point of combining the downmix signal XCQ 2 and the spatial information SI 8 and a second delay time occurring until a time point of combining the downmix signal XCQ 1 ′ and the spatial information SI 7 .
  • a time sample or timeslot can be used as a unit of time delay.
  • the delay time occurring in the domain converting unit 210 c is equal to the. delay time occurring in the domain converting unit 240 c , it is enough for the signal delay processing unit 220 c to delay the downmix signal XCQ 1 by the delay time occurring in the domain converting unit 250 c.
  • the two decoding schemes are included in the plural-channel decoding unit 200 c .
  • one decoding scheme can be included in the plural-channel decoding unit 200 c.
  • the time synchronization between the downmix signal and the spatial information is matched in accordance with the low power decoding scheme.
  • the present invention further includes the case that the time synchronization between the downmix signal and the spatial information is matched in accordance with the high quality decoding scheme.
  • the downmix signal is led in a manner opposite to the case of matching the time synchronization by the low power decoding scheme.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram to explain a method of decoding an audio signal according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a decoding apparatus includes a downmix decoding unit 100 d and a plural-channel decoding unit 200 d.
  • a downmix signal XT 4 processed in the downmix decoding unit 100 d is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 d , where the downmix signal is combined with spatial information SI 7 ′ or SI 8 to generate a plural-channel audio signal M 3 or M 2 .
  • the processed downmix signal XT 4 is a signal in a time domain.
  • An encoded downmix signal DB is transmitted to the downmix decoding unit 100 d and processed.
  • the processed downmix signal XT 4 is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 d , which generates a plural-channel audio signal according to one of two kinds of decoding schemes: a high quality decoding scheme and a low power decoding scheme.
  • the downmix signal XT 4 is transmitted and decoded along a path P 4 .
  • the processed downmix signal XT 4 is converted to a signal XRQ in a real QMF domain by a domain converting unit 240 d.
  • the converted downmix signal XRQ is converted to a signal XQC 2 in a complex QMF domain by a domain converting unit 250 d .
  • the XRQ downmix signal to the XCQ 2 downmix signal conversion is an example of complexity domain conversion.
  • the signal XQC 2 in the complex QMF domain is combined with spatial information SI 8 in a plural-channel generating unit 260 d to generate the plural-channel audio signal M 2 .
  • the downmix signal XT 4 is transmitted and decoded along a path P 3 .
  • the processed downmix signal XT 4 is converted to a signal XCQ 1 in a complex QMF domain by a domain converting unit 210 d.
  • the converted downmix signal XCQ 1 is transmitted to a plural-channel generating unit 230 d , where it is combined with the spatial information SI 7 ′ to generate the plural-channel audio signal M 3 .
  • the spatial information SI 7 ′ is the spatial information of which time delay is compensated for as the spatial information SI 7 passes through a spatial information delay processing unit 220 d.
  • the spatial information SI 7 passes through the spatial information delay processing unit 220 d . This is because a time synchronization difference between the downmix signal XCQ 1 and the spatial information SI 7 is generated due to the encoding of the audio signal on the assumption that a low power decoding scheme will be used.
  • the time synchronization difference is a time delay difference, which depends on the decoding scheme that is used. For example, the time delay difference occurs because the decoding process of, for example, a low power decoding scheme is different than a decoding process of a high quality decoding scheme.
  • the time delay difference is considered until a time point of combining a downmix signal and spatial information, since it is not necessary to synchronize the downmix signal and spatial information after the time point of combining the downmix signal and the spatial information.
  • the time synchronization difference is a difference between a first delay time occurring until a time point of combining the downmix signal XCQ 2 and the spatial information SI 8 and a second delay time occurring until a time point of combining the downmix signal XCQ 1 and the spatial information SI 7 ′.
  • a time sample or timeslot can be used as a unit of time delay.
  • the delay time occurring in the domain converting unit 210 d is equal to the delay time occurring in the domain converting unit 240 d , it is enough for the spatial information delay processing unit 220 d to lead the spatial information SI 7 by the delay time occurring in the domain converting unit 250 d.
  • the two decoding schemes are included in the plural-channel decoding unit 200 d .
  • one decoding scheme can be included in the plural-channel decoding unit 200 d.
  • the time synchronization between the downmix signal and the spatial information is matched in accordance with the low power decoding scheme.
  • the present invention further includes the case that the time synchronization between the downmix signal and the spatial information is matched in accordance with the high quality decoding scheme.
  • the downmix signal is lagged in a manner opposite to the case of matching the time synchronization by the low power decoding scheme.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 exemplarily show that one of the signal delay processing unit 220 c and the spatial information delay unit 220 d is included in the plural-channel decoding unit 200 c or 200 d
  • the present invention includes an embodiment where the spatial information delay processing unit 220 d and the signal delay processing unit 220 c are included in the plural-channel decoding unit 200 c or 200 d .
  • a total of a delay compensation time in the spatial information delay processing unit 220 d and a delay compensation time in the signal delay processing unit 220 c should be equal to the time synchronization difference.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram to explain a method of decoding an audio signal according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a decoding apparatus includes a downmix decoding unit 100 e and a plural-channel decoding unit 200 e.
  • a downmix signal processed in the downmix decoding unit 100 e can be transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 e in one of two kinds of domains.
  • time synchronization between a downmix signal and spatial information is matched on a QMF domain with reference to a low power decoding scheme.
  • various modifications can be applied to the present invention.
  • the downmix signal XQ 5 can be any one of a complex QMF signal XCQ 5 and real QMF single XRQ 5 .
  • the XCQ 5 is processed by the high quality decoding scheme in the downmix decoding unit 100 e .
  • the XRQ 5 is processed by the low power decoding scheme in the downmix decoding unit 100 e.
  • a signal processed by a high quality decoding scheme in the downmix decoding unit 100 e is connected to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 e of the high quality decoding scheme
  • a signal processed by the low power decoding scheme in the downmix decoding unit 100 e is connected to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 e of the low power decoding scheme.
  • various modifications can be applied to the present invention.
  • the downmix signal XQ 5 is transmitted and decoded along a path P 6 .
  • the XQ 5 is a downmix signal XRQ 5 in a real QMF domain.
  • the downmix signal XRQ 5 is combined with spatial information SI 10 in a multi-channel generating unit 231 e to generate a multi-channel audio signal M 5 .
  • the downmix signal XQ 5 is transmitted and decoded along a path P 5 .
  • the XQ 5 is a downmix signal XCQ 5 in a complex QMF domain.
  • the downmix signal XCQ 5 is combined with the spatial information S 19 in a multi-channel generating unit 230 e to generate a multi-channel audio signal M 4 .
  • a downmix signal XT 5 processed in the downmix decoding unit 100 e is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 e , where it is combined with spatial information SI 11 or SI 12 to generate a plural-channel audio signal M 6 or M 7 .
  • the downmix signal XT 5 is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 e , which generates a plural-channel audio signal according to one of two kinds of decoding schemes: a high quality decoding scheme and a low power decoding scheme.
  • the downmix signal XT 5 is transmitted and decoded along a path P 8 .
  • the processed downmix signal XT 5 is converted to a signal XR in a real QMF domain by a domain converting unit 241 e.
  • the converted downmix signal XR is converted to a signal XC 2 in a complex QMF domain by a domain converting unit 250 e .
  • the XR downmix signal to the XC 2 downmix signal conversion is an example of complexity domain conversion.
  • the signal XC 2 in the complex QMF domain is combined with spatial information SI 12 ′ in a plural-channel generating unit 233 e , which generates a plural-channel audio signal M 7 .
  • the spatial information SI 12 ′ is the spatial information of which time delay is compensated for as the spatial information SI 12 passes through a spatial information delay processing unit 240 e.
  • the spatial information SI 12 passes through the spatial information delay processing unit 240 e .
  • a time synchronization difference between the downmix signal XC 2 and the spatial information SI 12 is generated due to the audio signal encoding performed by the low power decoding scheme on the assumption that a domain, of which time synchronization between the downmix signal and the spatial information is matched, is the QMF domain.
  • the delayed spatial information SI 12 ′ is delayed by the encoding delay and the decoding delay.
  • the downmix signal XT 5 is transmitted and decoded along a path P 7 .
  • the processed downmix signal XT 5 is converted to a signal XC 1 in a complex QMF domain by a domain converting unit 240 e.
  • the converted downmix signal XC 1 and the spatial information SI 11 are compensated for a time delay by a time synchronization difference between the downmix signal XC 1 and the spatial information Sl 11 in a signal delay processing unit 250 e and a spatial information delay processing unit 260 e , respectively.
  • time-delay-compensated downmix signal XC 1 ′ is combined with the time-delay-compensated spatial information SI 11 ′ in a plural-channel generating unit 232 e , which generates a plural-channel audio signal M 6 .
  • the downmix signal XC 1 passes through the signal delay processing unit 250 e and the spatial information SI 11 passes through the spatial information delay processing unit 260 e .
  • a time synchronization difference between the downmix signal XC 1 and the spatial information SI 11 is generated due to the encoding of the audio signal under the assumption of a low power decoding scheme, and on the further assumption that a domain, of which time synchronization between the downmix signal and the spatial information is matched, is the QMF domain.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram to explain a method of decoding an audio signal according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a decoding apparatus includes a downmix decoding unit 100 f and a plural-channel decoding unit 200 f.
  • An encoded downmix signal DB 1 is transmitted to the downmix decoding unit 100 f and then processed.
  • the downmix signal DB 1 is encoded considering two downmix decoding schemes, including a first downmix decoding and a second downmix decoding scheme.
  • the downmix signal DB 1 is processed according to one downmix decoding scheme in downmix decoding unit 100 f .
  • the one downmix decoding scheme can be the first downmix decoding scheme.
  • the processed downmix signal XT 6 is transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 200 f , which generates a plural-channel audio signal Mf.
  • the processed downmix signal XT 6 ′ is delayed by a decoding delay in a signal processing unit 210 f .
  • the downmix signal XT 6 ′ can be a delayed by a decoding delay.
  • the reason why the downmix signal XT 6 is delayed is that the downmix decoding scheme that is accounted for in encoding is different from the downmix decoding scheme used in decoding.
  • the delayed downmix signal XT 6 ′ is upsampled in upsampling unit 220 f .
  • the reason why the downmix signal XT 6 ′ is upsampled is that the number of samples of the downmix signal XT 6 ′ is different from the number of samples of the spatial information SI 13 .
  • the order of the delay processing of the downmix signal XT 6 and the upsampling processing of the downmix signal XT 6 ′ is interchangeable.
  • the domain of the upsampled downmix signal UXT 6 is converted in domain processing unit 230 f .
  • the conversion of the domain of the downmix signal UXT 6 can include the F/T domain conversion and the complexity domain conversion.
  • the domain converted downmix signal UXTD 6 is combined with spatial information SI 13 in a plural-channel generating unit 260 d , which generates the plural-channel audio signal Mf.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an apparatus for decoding an audio signal according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • an apparatus for decoding an audio signal includes a time series data decoding unit 10 and a plural-channel audio signal processing unit 20 .
  • the plural-channel audio signal processing unit 20 includes a downmix decoding unit 21 , a plural-channel decoding unit 22 and a time delay compensating unit 23 .
  • a downmix bitstream IN 2 which is an example of an encoded downmix signal, is inputted to the downmix decoding unit 21 to be decoded.
  • the downmix bit stream IN 2 can be decoded and outputted in two kinds of domains.
  • the output available domains include a time domain and a QMF domain.
  • a reference number ‘ 50 ’ indicates a downmix signal decoded and outputted in a time domain and a reference number ‘ 51 ’ indicates a downmix signal decoded and outputted in a QMF domain.
  • two kinds of domains are described.
  • the present invention includes downmix signals decoded and outputted on other kinds of domains.
  • the downmix signals 50 and 51 are transmitted to the plural-channel decoding unit 22 and then decoded according to two kinds of decoding schemes 22 H and 22 L, respectively.
  • the reference number ‘ 22 H’ indicates a high quality decoding scheme
  • the reference number ‘ 22 L’ indicates a low power decoding scheme.
  • the downmix signal 50 decoded and outputted in the time domain is decoded according to a selection of one of two paths P 9 and P 10 .
  • the path P 9 indicates a path for decoding by the high quality decoding scheme 22 H and the path P 10 indicates a path for decoding by the low power decoding scheme 22 L.
  • the downmix signal 50 transmitted along the path P 9 is combined with spatial information SI according to the high quality decoding scheme 22 H to generate a plural-channel audio signal MHT.
  • the downmix signal 50 transmitted along the path P 10 is combined with spatial information SI according to the low power decoding scheme 22 L to generate a plural-channel audio signal MLT.
  • the other downmix signal 51 decoded and outputted in the QMF domain is decoded according to a selection of one of two paths P 11 and P 12 .
  • the path P 11 indicates a path for decoding by the high quality decoding scheme 22 H and the path P 12 indicates a path for decoding by the low power decoding scheme 22 L.
  • the downmix signal 51 transmitted along the path P 11 is combined with spatial information SI according to the high quality decoding scheme 22 H to generate a plural-channel audio signal MHQ.
  • the downmix signal 51 transmitted along the path P 12 is combined with spatial information SI according to the low power decoding scheme 22 L to generate a plural-channel audio signal MLQ.
  • At least one of the plural-channel audio signals MHT, MHQ, MLT and MLQ generated by the above-explained methods undergoes a time delay compensating process in the time delay compensating unit 23 and is then outputted as OUT 2 , OUT 3 , OUT 4 or OUT 5 .
  • the time delay compensating process is able to prevent a time delay from occurring in a manner of comparing a time synchronization mismatched plural-channel audio signal MHQ, MLT or MKQ to a plural-channel audio signal MHT on the assumption that a time synchronization between time-series data OUT 1 decoded and outputted in the time series decoding unit 10 and the aforesaid plural-channel audio signal MHT is matched.
  • a time synchronization with the time series data OUT 1 can be matched by compensating for a time delay of one of the rest of the plural-channel audio signals of which time synchronization is mismatched.
  • the embodiment can also perform the time delay compensating process in case that the time series data OUT 1 and the plural-channel audio signal MHT, MHQ, MLT or MLQ are not processed together. For instance, a time delay of the plural-channel audio signal is compensated and is prevented from occurring using a result of comparison with the plural-channel audio signal MLT. This can be diversified in various ways.
  • the present invention provides the following effects or advantages.
  • the present invention prevents audio quality degradation by compensating for the time synchronization difference.
  • the present invention is able to compensate for a time synchronization difference between time series data and a plural-channel audio signal to be processed together with the time series data of a moving picture, a text, a still image and the like.

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