US7453786B2 - Optical pickup apparatus, objective optical element and optical information recording and/or reproducing apparatus - Google Patents

Optical pickup apparatus, objective optical element and optical information recording and/or reproducing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US7453786B2
US7453786B2 US11/822,981 US82298107A US7453786B2 US 7453786 B2 US7453786 B2 US 7453786B2 US 82298107 A US82298107 A US 82298107A US 7453786 B2 US7453786 B2 US 7453786B2
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light flux
optical
optical element
optical disk
objective
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US20080013412A1 (en
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Eiji Nomura
Kentarou Nakamura
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Konica Minolta Opto Inc
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Konica Minolta Opto Inc
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Assigned to KONICA MINOLTA OPTO, INC. reassignment KONICA MINOLTA OPTO, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NAKAMURA, KENTAROU, NOMURA, EIJI
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/12—Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
    • G11B7/135—Means for guiding the beam from the source to the record carrier or from the record carrier to the detector
    • G11B7/1372—Lenses
    • G11B7/1374—Objective lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/12—Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
    • G11B7/135—Means for guiding the beam from the source to the record carrier or from the record carrier to the detector
    • G11B7/1353—Diffractive elements, e.g. holograms or gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/12—Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
    • G11B7/135—Means for guiding the beam from the source to the record carrier or from the record carrier to the detector
    • G11B7/1392—Means for controlling the beam wavefront, e.g. for correction of aberration
    • G11B7/13922—Means for controlling the beam wavefront, e.g. for correction of aberration passive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B2007/0003—Recording, reproducing or erasing systems characterised by the structure or type of the carrier
    • G11B2007/0006—Recording, reproducing or erasing systems characterised by the structure or type of the carrier adapted for scanning different types of carrier, e.g. CD & DVD

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical pickup apparatus, objective optical element and optical information recording reproducing apparatus by which information can be recorded and/or reproduced information compatibly for different kinds of optical disks.
  • a laser light source having 400-420 nm wavelength such as a blue-violet semiconductor laser; and a blue-SHG laser which converts wavelength of an infrared semiconductor laser utilizing a second harmonic wave
  • Information of 15-20 GB can be recorded on the optical disk having a diameter of 12 cm by using these blue-violet optical sources and an objective lens having NA (Numerical aperture) which is the same as a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc).
  • NA Numerical aperture
  • information of 23-25 GB can be recorded onto the optical disk having a diameter of 12 cm.
  • the optical disk and an optical-magnetic disk using a blue-violet laser light source are called “a high density optical disk”.
  • the high density optical disk using the objective optical element has larger coma caused due to the skew of the optical disk. Therefore some high density optical disks using the objective optical element with NA of 0.85, are designed so that the protective layer has thinner thickness (which is 0.1 mm, while that of DVD is 0.6 mm) than that of DVD to reduce the comma due to the skew.
  • the protective layer has thinner thickness (which is 0.1 mm, while that of DVD is 0.6 mm) than that of DVD to reduce the comma due to the skew.
  • a product such as an optical disk player/recorder, which is capable of only recording/reproducing information for the above high-density optical disk is worthless.
  • the value of the product as a high-density optical disk player/recorder is increased by, for example, enabling to appropriately record/reproduce information additionally for DVDs and CDs, which a user possesses. From these backgrounds, the optical pickup apparatus installed in the high-density optical disk player/recorder is required to be capable of appropriately recording/reproducing information not only for a high-density optical disk but also a DVD and a CD.
  • an optical system for the high density optical disk an optical system for DVD and CD into a common optical system, and to reduce the number of optical parts contributing the optical pickup apparatus as much as possible, even when the optical pickup apparatus has compatibility.
  • providing the common objective optical element which is arranged with facing an optical disk is most advantageous for the simplification of the construction or cost reduction of the optical pickup apparatus.
  • the objective optical system is provided with an optical path difference providing structure having a wavelength dependency for the spherical aberration, which is formed thereon.
  • EP-A 1304689 discloses an objective optical system which has the diffractive structure as an optical path difference providing structure and can be commonly used for the high density optical disk and the conventional DVD and CD, and also discloses an optical pickup apparatus in which this objective optical system is mounted.
  • the objective optical element for use in the optical pickup apparatus which compatibly conducts recording and/or reproducing information for three different optical disks, which is written in EP-A 1304689 has a probability that the light amount used for recording and/or reproducing information is insufficient, and that proper flare is hardly generated when information is recorded and/or reproduced for CD or DVD, depending on the design specification of the optical pickup apparatus, which are problems.
  • one of the objects is to provide an optical pickup apparatus, an objective optical element and an optical information recording and/or reproducing apparatus which enable to generate proper flare for recording and/or reproducing information for CD and DVD even if a single lens is used as an objective optical element, and which can properly record and/or reproduce information for three different types in terms of recording density such as a high density optical disk, DVD and CD.
  • Another of the objects is to provide an optical pickup apparatus, an objective optical element and an optical information recording and/or reproducing apparatus wherein simplification of the structure and cost reduction can be realized.
  • another of the objects is to provide an optical pickup apparatus, an objective optical element and an optical information recording and/or reproducing apparatus wherein light utilization efficiency can be enhanced and sufficient light amount can be assured for all of three different types of optical disks.
  • the present teachings can provide an optical pickup apparatus for recording and/or reproducing information for an optical disk.
  • the optical pickup apparatus can comprise: a first light source for emitting a first light flux having a first wavelength ⁇ 1 ; a second light source for emitting a second light flux having a second wavelength ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ 2 > ⁇ 1 ); a third light source for emitting a third light flux having a third wavelength ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ 3 > ⁇ 2 ); and an objective optical element.
  • the objective optical element is provided for converging the first light flux onto an information recording surface of a first optical disk having a protective substrate with a thickness t 1 , for converging the second light flux onto an information recording surface of a second optical disk having a protective substrate with a thickness t 2 (t 1 ⁇ t 2 ), and for converging the third light flux onto an information recording surface of a third optical disk having a protective substrate with a thickness t 3 (t 2 ⁇ t 3 ).
  • the optical pickup apparatus can record and/or reproduce information by converging the first light flux onto the information recording surface of the first optical disk, by converging the second light flux onto the information recording surface of the second optical disk, and by converging the third light flux onto the information recording surface of the third optical disk.
  • the objective optical element can comprise an optical surface comprising a central area and a peripheral area surrounding the central area.
  • the central area can comprise a first optical path difference providing structure
  • the peripheral area can comprise a second optical path difference providing structure.
  • the objective optical element can converge the first light flux which passes through the central area of the objective optical element onto the information recording surface of the first optical disk so that the optical pickup apparatus can record and/or reproduce information on the information recording surface of the first optical disk.
  • the objective optical element also can converge the second light flux which passes through the central area of the objective optical element onto the information recording surface of the second optical disk so that the optical pickup apparatus can record and/or reproduce information on the information recording surface of the second optical disk.
  • the objective optical element further can converge the third light flux which passes through the central area of the objective optical element onto the information recording surface of the third optical disk so that the optical pickup apparatus can record and/or reproduce information on the information recording surface of the third optical disk.
  • the objective optical element can converge the first light flux which passes through the peripheral area of the objective optical element onto the information recording surface of the first optical disk so that the optical pickup apparatus can record and/or reproduce information on the information recording surface of the first optical disk.
  • the objective optical element also can converge the second light flux which passes through the peripheral area of the objective optical element onto the information recording surface of the second optical disk so that the optical pickup apparatus can record and/or reproduce information on the information recording surface of the second optical disk.
  • the third light flux which passes through the first optical path difference providing structure can form a first best focus in which the third light flux forms a spot having a smallest diameter
  • the third light flux which passes through the first optical path difference providing structure can form a second best focus in which the third light flux forms a spot having a second smallest diameter.
  • the first best focus and the second best focus can satisfy the following expression: 0 ⁇ L/f ⁇ 0.05, where f (mm) is a focal length of the objective optical element for the third light flux which passes through the first optical path difference structure and forms the first best focus, and L (mm) is a distance between the first best focus and the second best focus.
  • the third light flux which passes through the objective optical element can form a spot on the information recording surface of the third optical disk, and the spot can comprise, in order from a center to an outside of the spot when viewing the spot from a direction of an optical axis of the objective optical element: a central spot portion having a highest light density; an intermediate spot portion having a lower light density than the central spot portion; and a peripheral spot portion having a higher light density than the intermediate spot portion and having a lower light density than the central spot portion.
  • the central spot portion can be used for recording and/or reproducing information for the third optical disk, the intermediate spot portion and the peripheral spot portion can not be used for recording and/or reproducing information for the third optical disk.
  • the peripheral spot portion can be formed on the information recording surface of the third optical disk by the third light flux which passes through the second optical path difference providing structure of the objective optical element.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram in which an example of objective optical element OL relating to the present invention is viewed in the optical axis direction;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing schematically some examples of an optical path difference providing structure provided on objective optical element OL;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a form of a spot relating to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing schematically the structure of the optical pickup apparatus relating to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing schematically an example of objective optical element OL relating to the present invention
  • FIGS. 6( a )- 6 ( c ) are longitudinal spherical aberration diagrams relating respectively to BD, DVD and CD in Example 1 of the present invention
  • FIGS. 7( a )- 7 ( c ) are longitudinal spherical aberration diagrams relating respectively to BD, DVD and CD in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 8( a )- 8 ( c ) are longitudinal spherical aberration diagrams relating respectively to BD, DVD and CD in Example 3 of the present invention.
  • An optical pickup apparatus comprises at least three light sources: a first light source, a second light source, and a third light source.
  • the optical pickup apparatus further comprises a light converging optical system for converging the first light flux on the information recording surface of the first optical disk, converging the second light flux on the information recording surface of the second optical disk, and converging the third light flux on the information recording surface of the third optical disk.
  • the optical pickup apparatus according to the present invention further comprises a light receiving element for receiving each of reflected light fluxes from the information recording surface of the first optical disk, the second optical disk, and the third optical disk.
  • the first optical disk comprises a protective substrate with a thickness of t 1 and an information recording surface.
  • the second optical disk comprises a protective substrate with a thickness of t 2 (t 1 ⁇ t 2 ) and an information recording surface.
  • the third optical disk comprises a protective substrate of a thickness of t 3 (t 2 ⁇ t 3 ) and an information recording surface. It is preferable that the first optical disk is a high density optical disk, the second optical disk is DVD, and the third optical disk is CD, however, optical disks are not limited to those.
  • the first optical disk, the second optical disk or the third optical disk may also be an optical disk of the plurality of layers having the plurality of the information recording surfaces.
  • an optical disk for example, BD: Blu-ray Disc
  • an optical disk for example, HD DVD: it also called HD
  • an optical disk for example, HD DVD: it also called HD
  • the high density optical disk includes an optical disk having a protective film (in the present specification, the protective substrate includes also the protective film), having a thickness of about several to several ten nm on the information recording surface, or an optical disk whose protective substrate thickness is 0 (zero).
  • the high density optical disk further includes a photo-magnetic disk for which the blue-violet semiconductor laser or blue-violet SHG laser is used as the light source for recording/reproducing information.
  • DVD in the present specification represents a generic name of optical disks based on the standard that information is recorded and/or reproduced by an objective optical element with NA in the range of 0.60 to 0.67 and that the protective substrate of the optical disk is about 0.6 mm, which belong to DVD group such as DVD-ROM, DVD-Video, DVD-Audio, DVD-RAM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R and DVD+RW.
  • CD represents a generic name of optical disks based on the standard that information is recorded and/or reproduced by an objective optical element with NA in the range of 0.45 to 0.53 and that the protective substrate of the optical disk is about 1.2 mm, which belong to CD group such as CD-ROM, CD-Audio, CD-Video, CD-R and CD-RW.
  • CD-ROM Compact Disc
  • CD-Audio Compact Disc
  • CD-Video Compact Disc-R
  • CD-RW CD-RW
  • the high density optical disk provides the highest recording density.
  • DVD and CD provide the second highest recording density, the third highest recording density, respectively.
  • Thicknesses t 1 , t 2 , and t 3 of the protective substrates preferably satisfy the following conditional expressions (11), (12), and (13).
  • conditional expressions (11), (12), and (13) 0.0750 mm ⁇ t1 ⁇ 0.125 mm or 0.5 mm ⁇ t1 ⁇ 0.7 mm (11) 0.5 mm ⁇ t2 ⁇ 0.7 mm (12) 1.0 mm ⁇ t3 ⁇ 1.3 mm (13)
  • each of the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source is preferably a laser light source.
  • a semiconductor laser, and a silicon laser are preferably used for the laser light source.
  • the first wavelength ⁇ 1 of the first light flux emitted from the first light source, the second wavelength ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ 2 > ⁇ 1 ) of the second light flux emitted from the second light source, the third wavelength ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ 3 > ⁇ 2 ) of the third light flux emitted from the third light source are preferable to satisfy the following conditional expressions (9) and (10). 1.5 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1.7 ⁇ 1 (9) 1.9 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 2.1 ⁇ 1 (10)
  • the wavelength ⁇ 1 of the first light source is preferably 350 nm or more, and 440 nm or less.
  • the wavelength ⁇ 1 is more preferably 380 nm or more, and 415 nm or less.
  • the second wavelength ⁇ 2 of the second light source is preferably 570 nm or more, and 680 nm or less.
  • the second wavelength ⁇ 2 is more preferably 630 nm or more, and 670 nm or less.
  • the third wavelength ⁇ 3 of the third light source is preferably 750 nm or more, and 880 nm or less.
  • the third wavelength ⁇ 3 is more preferably 760 nm or more, and 820 nm or less.
  • At least two light sources of the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source may also be unitized.
  • the unitization means fixing and housing.
  • the first light source and the second light source can be into one package.
  • the unitization in a broad sense includes a situation that two light sources are fixed so that aberration can not be corrected.
  • the light receiving element which will be described later, may also be provided as one package.
  • the photodetector such as a photo diode is preferably used.
  • the light reflected on the information recording surface of the optical disk enters into the light receiving element, and signal outputted from the light receiving element is used for obtaining the read signal of the information recorded in each optical disk. Further, the light amount of the spot on the light receiving element caused with the change in the spot shape and the change in the spot position, to conduct the focus detection and the tracking detection focus detection.
  • the objective optical element is moved based on these detections for focusing and tracking of the objective optical element.
  • the light receiving element may be composed of a plurality of photodetectors.
  • the light receiving element may also have a main photodetector and secondary photodetector.
  • the light receiving element is provided with a main photodetector which receives the main light used for recording and/or reproducing information, and two secondary photodetectors positioned on both sides of the main photodetector, so as to receive secondary light for tracking adjustment by the two secondary photodetectors.
  • the light receiving element may also comprise a plurality of light receiving elements corresponding to each light source.
  • the light converging optical system comprises the objective optical element.
  • the light converging optical system may comprise only an objective optical element.
  • the light converging optical system may further comprise a coupling lens such as a collimator lens other than the objective optical element.
  • the coupling lens means a single lens or a lens group which is arranged between the objective optical element and the light source and which changes divergent angle of a light flux.
  • the collimator lens is a kind of coupling lens and is a lens receiving an incident light flux and emitting it as a parallel light flux.
  • the light converging optical system may also comprise an optical element such as the diffractive optical element which divides the light flux emitted from the light source into a main light flux used for recording reproducing information and two secondary light fluxes used for the tracking operation and so on.
  • the objective optical element means an optical system which is arranged to face the optical disk in the optical pickup apparatus, which has the function which converges the light flux emitted from the light source onto an information recording surface of the optical disk.
  • the objective optical element is an optical system which is arranged to face the optical disk in the optical pickup apparatus, and which has the function which converges the light flux emitted from the light source on the information recording surface of the optical disk, and further which is movable as one body in the direction of at least the optical axis by an actuator.
  • the objective optical element may be formed of a plurality of lenses and/or optical elements.
  • the objective optical element may be a single lens.
  • the objective lens is formed of a single lens.
  • the objective optical element may also be a glass lens, a plastic lens or a hybrid lens in which an optical path difference providing structure is formed on the glass lens by using photo-curing resin.
  • the objective optical element has a plurality of lenses
  • a combination of a glass lens and a plastic lens can be used for the objective optical element.
  • the objective optical element has a plurality of lenses and/or optical elements
  • the objective optical element preferably comprises a refractive surface which is an aspheric surface.
  • the objective optical element preferably can have a base surface where the optical path difference providing structure is provided, which is an aspheric surface.
  • a glass material used for the glass lens preferably has a glass transition point Tg of 400° C. or less.
  • Tg glass transition point
  • the material can be molded at a comparatively low temperature. Therefore, the life of the metallic mold can be prolonged.
  • K-PG325 and K-PG375 both are trade names made by SUMITA Optical glass, Inc.
  • a glass lens has generally larger specific gravity than a resin lens. Therefore, the objective optical element made of a glass lens has larger weight and applies a larger burden to the actuator which drives the objective optical element. Therefore, when a glass lens is employed for the objective optical lens, a glass material having small specific gravity is preferably used for the objective optical element. Specifically, the specific gravity is preferably 3.0 or less, and is more preferably 2.8 or less.
  • the resin material of cyclic olefins is used for the objective optical element.
  • the resin material having: refractive index at the temperature 25° C. for wavelength 405 nm, which is within the range of 1.54 to 1.60; and ratio of refractive index change dN/dT (° C. ⁇ 1 ) with the temperature change within the temperature range of ⁇ 5° C. to 70° C.
  • the wavelength 405 nm which is within the range of ⁇ 20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to ⁇ 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 (more preferably, ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to ⁇ 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ).
  • a plastic lens is also employed for the coupling lens.
  • thermo resin also other than the cyclic olefins.
  • Athermal resin is a resin material in which microparticles each having a diameter of 30 nm or less are dispersed into a resin which is a base material. The material of the microparticles has ratio of change in the refractive index with the temperature change, and the ratio of change in the refractive index of the microparticles has the opposite sign to that of the material of the resin which is the base material.
  • the microparticles when microparticles are mixed in the transparent resin material, light is scattered and the transmission factor is lowered. So, it is difficult to use as the optical material. However, it becomes clear that the microparticles whose size is smaller than the wavelength of the transmitting light flux prevent the scattering effectively.
  • the refractive index of the resin material is lowered when the temperature rises, while the refractive index of the inorganic microparticles is increased when the temperature rises. Accordingly, it is also well known to prevent the refractive index from changing by combining above nature of the microparticles and the base material so as to cancel them out each other.
  • the objective optical element according to the present invention employs the material such that the inorganic particles whose size is 30 nanometer or less, which is preferably 20 nanometer or less, more preferably 10 - 15 nanometers, are dispersed in the resin as base material, there can be provided the objective optical unit having no or very low temperature dependency of the refractive index.
  • microparticles of niobium oxide are dispersed in acryl resin.
  • the volume ratio of the resin material that represents the basic material is about 80% and that of niobium oxide is about 20%, and these are mixed uniformly.
  • microparticles have a problem that they tend to condense, the necessary state of dispersion can be kept by a technology to disperse particles by giving electric charges to the surface of each particle.
  • microparticles are mixed and dispersed into the resin as a base material during injection molding of optical elements by the in-line manner. In other words, it is preferable that, after the microparticles are mixed and dispersed in to the base material, the mixture is neither cooled nor solidified until the mixture is molded into an objective optical unit.
  • the volume ratio of microparticles to the base material may increase or decrease, and microparticles in which a plural kinds of nanometer-sized microparticles are blended may also be dispersed into the base material.
  • volume ratio of the microparticles and the base material is made to be 80:20, namely to be 4:1, in the example stated above, it is possible to adjust properly within a range from 90:10 (9:1) to 60:40 (3:2). It is preferable that a volume of the microparticles is provided to be exceed the ratio of 9:1, because the temperature-affected change is effectively reduced. While, it is also preferable that a volume of the microparticles is provided to be less than the ratio of 3:2, because moldability of the athermal resin becomes easy.
  • the microparticles are inorganic substances, and more preferable that the microparticles are oxides. Further, it is preferable that the state of oxidation is saturated, and the oxides are not oxidized any more.
  • the microparticles are inorganic substances because reaction between the inorganic substances and resin as a base material representing high molecular organic compound is restrained to be low, and deterioration caused by actual use such as irradiation of laser beam can be prevented because the microparticles are oxides.
  • oxidation of resin tends to be accelerated.
  • aforesaid microparticles of inorganic oxide are prevented from deterioration caused by oxidation.
  • JP-A 2004-144951, JP-A 2004-144953, JP-A 2004-144954 Materials described in JP-A 2004-144951, JP-A 2004-144953, JP-A 2004-144954 are suitable for a preferable material to be base material.
  • Inorganic microparticles to be dispersed in thermoplastic resin are not limited in particular, and suitable microparticles can be arbitrarily selected from inorganic microparticles which reduce the ratio (hereinafter,
  • oxide microparticles, metal salt microparticles and semiconductor microparticles are preferably used, and it is preferable to use by selecting properly those in which absorption, light emission and fluorescence are not generated in the wavelength range employed for an optical element, from the aforesaid microparticles.
  • the following metal oxide is used for oxide microparticles used in the structure according to the present invention: a metal oxide constructed by one or more kinds of metal selected by a group including Li, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Nb, Zr, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ta, Hf, W, Ir, Tl, Pb, Bi and rare earth metal.
  • a metal oxide constructed by one or more kinds of metal selected by a group including Li, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Nb, Zr, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ta, Hf, W, Ir, Tl, Pb, Bi and rare earth metal.
  • oxide such as silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, lead oxide; complex oxide compounds these oxides such as lithium niobate, potassium niobate and lithium tantalate, the aluminum magnesium oxide (MgAl 2 O 4 ) are cited.
  • rare earth oxides are used for the oxide microparticles in the structure according to the present invention.
  • scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum trioxide, cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, gadolinium oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, holmium oxide, erbium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide, lutetium oxide are cited.
  • metal salt microparticles the carbonate, phosphate, sulfate, etc. are cited. More specifically, for example, calcium carbonate, aluminum phosphate are cited.
  • semiconductor microparticles in the structure according to the present invention mean the microparticles constructed by a semiconducting crystal.
  • the semiconducting crystal composition examples include simple substances of the 14th group elements in the periodic table such as carbon, silica, germanium and tin; simple substances of the 15th group elements in the periodic table such as phosphor (black phosphor); simple substances of the 16th group elements in the periodic table such as selenium and tellurium; compounds comprising a plural number of the 14th group elements in the periodic table such as silicon carbide (SiC); compounds of an element of the 14th group in the periodic table and an element of the 16th group in the periodic table such as tin oxide (IV) (SnO 2 ), tin sulfide (II, IV) (Sn(II) Sn(IV) S 3 ), tin sulfide (IV) (SnS 2 ), tin sulfide (II) (SnS), tin selenide (II
  • semiconductor clusters structures of which are established such as BN 75 (BF 2 ) 15 F 15 , described in Adv. Mater., vol. 4, p. 494 (1991) by G. Schmid, et al.; and Cu 146 Se 73 (triethylphosphine) 22 described in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., vol. 29, p. 1452 (1990) by D. Fenske are also listed as examples.
  • thermoplastic resin has a negative value, namely, a refractive index becomes smaller as the temperature rises. Therefore, it is preferable to disperse microparticles having large dn/dT, in order to make
  • microparticles having positive dn/dT which is microparticles having different sign of dn/dT from that of the thermoplastic resin which is a base material, are preferably used.
  • of thermoplastic resin composition can effectively become small with less amount of the microparticles. It is possible to properly select dn/dT of microparticles to be dispersed corresponding to a value of dn/dT of thermoplastic resin to become a base material.
  • dn/dT of microparticles is greater than ⁇ 20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 and it is more preferable that dn/dT of microparticles is greater than ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 when microparticles are dispersed into a thermoplastic resin which is preferably employed to a general optical element.
  • a thermoplastic resin which is preferably employed to a general optical element.
  • microparticles having large dn/dT gallium nitride, zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, lithium niobate and lithium tantalite, for example, are preferably used.
  • thermoplastic resin when dispersing microparticles in thermoplastic resin, it is preferable that a difference of refractive index between the thermoplastic resin to become a base material and the microparticles is small. Scattering is hardly caused when light is transmitted, if a difference of refractive index between the thermoplastic resin and the microparticles to be dispersed is small. In case of dispersing microparticles in the thermoplastic resin, microparticles in larger size easily cause scattering when light flux transmits the material. However, in a material in which a difference of refractive index between the thermoplastic resin and the microparticles to be dispersed is small, an occurrence of light scattering becomes low even when relatively large-sized microparticles are used.
  • a difference of refractive index between the thermoplastic resin and the microparticles to be dispersed is preferably within the range of 0-0.3, and more preferably within the range of 0-0.15.
  • Refractive indexes of thermoplastic resins preferably used as optical materials are in the range about 1.4-1.6 in many cases.
  • materials to be dispersed in these thermoplastic resins silica (silicon oxide), calcium carbonate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, and aluminum.magnesium oxides, for example, are preferably used.
  • thermoplastic resin composition can be made small effectively, by dispersing microparticles whose refractive index is relatively low.
  • of thermoplastic resin composition including dispersed microparticles with low refractive index becomes small, it is considered that temperature changes of the volume fraction of inorganic microparticles in the resin composition may work to make the
  • microparticles having a relatively low refractive index silica (silicon oxide), calcium carbonate and aluminum phosphate, for example, are preferably used.
  • microparticles to be dispersed in the thermoplastic resin can be selected properly by considering a magnitude of dn/dT of a microparticle itself, a difference of dn/dT between microparticles and the thermoplastic resin to become a base material, and the refractive index of the microparticles, depending on the characteristics which are required for the thermoplastic resin composition.
  • thermoplastic resin it is preferable, for maintaining light transmittance, to properly select microparticles which hardly cause light scattering with considering its affinity with the thermoplastic resin to become a base material, in other words, characteristics of the microparticles in dispersion for the thermoplastic resin.
  • silica is preferably used as microparticles which make
  • microparticles mentioned above it is possible to use either one type of inorganic microparticles or plural types of inorganic microparticles in combination. By using plural types of microparticles each having a different characteristic, the required characteristics can further be improved efficiently.
  • Inorganic microparticles relating to the present invention preferably has an average particle size being 1 nm or larger and being 30 nm or smaller and more preferably has an average particle size being 1 nm or more and being 10 nm or less.
  • the average particle size is less than 1 nm, dispersion of the inorganic microparticles is difficult, resulting in a fear that the required efficiency may not be obtained, therefore, it is preferable that the average particle size is 1 nm or more.
  • the average particle size exceeds 30 nm, thermoplastic material composition obtained becomes muddy and transparency is lowered, resulting in a fear that the light transmittance may become less than 70%, therefore, it is preferable that the average particle size is 30 nm or less.
  • the average particle size mentioned here means volume average value of a diameter (particle size in conversion to sphere) in conversion from each particle into a sphere having the same volume as that of the particle.
  • a form of an inorganic microparticle is not limited in particular, but a spherical microparticle is used preferably.
  • a range of 0.5-1.0 for the ratio of the minimum size of the particle (minimum value of the distance between opposing two tangents each touching the outer circumference of the microparticle)/the maximum size (maximum value of the distance between opposing two tangents each touching the outer circumference of the microparticle) is preferable, and a range of 0.7-1.0 is more preferable.
  • a distribution of particle sizes is not limited in particular, but a relatively narrow distribution is used suitably, rather than a broad distribution, for making the invention to exhibit its effect efficiently.
  • At least one optical surface of the objective optical element comprises a central area and a peripheral area around the central area. More preferably, at least one optical surface of the objective optical element further comprises a most peripheral area around the peripheral area. By providing the most peripheral area, it allows to more appropriately record and/or reproduce information for the optical disk using the high NA.
  • the central area preferably is an area having the optical axis of the objective optical element, however, it may also be the area not including the optical axis. It is preferable that the central area, peripheral area, and most peripheral area are provided on the same optical surface. As shown in FIG. 1 , it is preferable that the central area CN, peripheral area MD, most peripheral area OT are provided on the same optical surface concentrically around the optical axis.
  • the first optical path difference providing structure is provided in the central area of the objective optical element.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure is provided in the peripheral area.
  • the most peripheral area may be a refractive surface, or the third optical path difference providing structure may be provided in the most peripheral area. It is preferable that each of the central area, peripheral area, most peripheral area adjoins to the neighboring area, however, there may be slight gaps between adjoining areas.
  • the area where the first optical path difference providing structure is provided is preferably 70% or more of the area of the central area on the objective optical element. It is more preferably 90% or more of the area of the central area.
  • the first optical path difference providing structure is furthermore preferably provided on the entire surface of the central area.
  • the area where the second optical path difference providing structure is provided is preferably 70% or more of the peripheral area on the objective optical element. It is more preferably 90% or more of the area of the peripheral area.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure is further more preferably provided on the entire surface of the peripheral area.
  • the area where the third optical path difference providing structure is provided is 70% or more of the area of the most peripheral area on the objective optical element. It is more preferably 90% or more of the area of the most peripheral area.
  • the third optical path difference providing structure is more preferably provided on the entire surface of the most peripheral area.
  • the optical path difference providing structure used in the present specification, is the general name of the structure by which an optical path difference is provided to an incident light flux.
  • the optical path difference providing structure also includes the phase difference providing structure by which the phase difference is provided.
  • the phase difference providing structure includes a diffractive structure.
  • the optical path difference providing structure comprises a step, preferably, comprises a plurality of steps. This step provides an optical path difference and/or phase difference to an incident light flux.
  • the optical path difference added by the optical path difference providing structure may also be an integer times of the wavelength of the incident light flux, or may also be non-integer times of the wavelength of the incident light flux.
  • the step may also be arranged with periodic interval in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis, or may also be arranged with non-periodic interval in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis.
  • the optical path difference providing structure comprises a plurality of ring-shaped zones arranged concentrically around the optical axis.
  • the optical path difference providing structure can have various sectional shapes (cross sectional shapes in the plane including the optical axis).
  • One of the most common optical path difference providing structure provides the sectional shape including the optical axis, which is in the serrated shape, as shows in FIG. 2( a ).
  • the cross sectional shape of the optical path difference providing structure arranged on the flat plane looks a stepped shape
  • the same optical path difference providing structure arranged on an aspheric surface can be considered as the serrated shape shown in FIG. 2( a ).
  • the sectional shape in the serrated shape includes the sectional shape in the stepped shape.
  • Each of the first optical path difference providing structure and the second optical path difference providing structure of the present specification may have a sectional shape which is formed by overlapping different optical path difference providing structures having serrated shape.
  • FIG. 2( b ) shows the structure in which the fine serrated shaped optical path difference providing structure and the rough serrated optical path difference providing structure overlap with each other.
  • first optical path difference providing structure provided in the central area of the objective optical element and the second optical path difference providing structure provided in the peripheral area of the objective optical element may be provided on the different optical surface of the objective optical element.
  • first and second optical path difference providing structures are provided on the same optical surface. By providing them on the same optical surface, it reduces the decentration error at the time of the manufacture, which is preferable.
  • the first optical path difference providing structure and the second optical path difference providing structure are provided on the surface on the light source side of the objective optical element, rather than the surface on the optical disk side of the objective optical element.
  • the objective optical element comprises a most peripheral area including the third optical path difference providing structure
  • the third optical path difference providing structure is arranged on the same optical surface to that of the first and second optical path difference providing structure.
  • the fourth optical path difference providing structure is provided on an optical surface which is different from an optical surface on which a first optical path difference providing structure and a second optical path difference providing structure are provided. It is further preferable that the fourth optical path difference providing structure is provided on the surface of the objective optical element closer to an optical disk.
  • the objective optical element converges a first light flux, a second light flux and a third light flux which pass through a central area where the first optical path difference providing structure of the objective optical element is provided, so that each of them may form a converged spot.
  • the objective optical element converges a first light flux which passes through a central area where the first optical path difference providing structure of the objective optical element is provided, so that recording and/or reproducing of information may be conducted on an information recording surface of the first optical disk.
  • the objective optical element converges a second light flux which passes through a central area where the first optical path difference providing structure of the objective optical element is provided, so that recording and/or reproducing of information may be conducted on an information recording surface of the second optical disk.
  • the objective optical element converges a third light flux which passes through a central area where the first optical path difference providing structure of the objective optical element is provided, so that recording and/or reproducing of information may be conducted on an information recording surface of the third optical disk.
  • thickness t 1 of a protective substrate of a first optical disk is different from thickness t 2 of a protective substrate of a second optical disk
  • the first optical path difference providing structure corrects spherical aberration caused by a difference between thickness t 1 of a protective substrate of the first optical disk and thickness t 2 of a protective substrate of the second optical disk and/or spherical aberration caused by a difference of wavelength between the first light flux and the second light flux, for the first light flux and the second light flux which pass through the first optical path difference providing structure.
  • the first optical path difference providing structure corrects spherical aberration caused by a difference between thickness t 1 of a protective substrate of the first optical disk and thickness t 3 of a protective substrate of the third optical disk and/or spherical aberration caused by a difference of wavelength between the first light flux and the third light flux, for the first light flux and the third light flux which pass through the first optical path difference providing structure.
  • the third light flux which passes through the first optical path difference providing structure of the objective optical element forms the first best focus where a spot diameter of the spot formed by the third light flux is the smallest and the second best focus where a spot diameter of the spot formed by is the second smallest to the first best focus.
  • the best focus mentioned in this case means a point where beam-waist is minimum within a certain range of defocus.
  • forming of the first best focus and the second best focus by the third light flux means that at least two points where the beam-waist is minimum within a certain range of defocus exist in the third light flux.
  • a diffracted light having the maximum light amount forms the first best focus
  • a diffracted light having the second largest light amount forms the second best focus.
  • a spot formed by the third light flux at the first best focus is used for recording and/or reproducing for the third optical disk and a spot formed by the third light flux at the second best focus is not used for recording and/or reproducing for the third optical disk.
  • a spot formed by the third light flux at the first best focus is not used for recording and/or reproducing for the third optical disk and a spot formed by the third light flux at the second best focus is used for recording and/or reproducing for the third optical disk, is not denied.
  • the first optical path difference providing structure is provided on the surface of the objective optical element facing a light source, there are considered two cases including one occasion where the second best focus is closer to the objective optical element than the first best focus is and another occasion where the second best focus is farther from the objective optical element than the first best focus is.
  • a zero-th order diffracted light of the third light flux forms the second best focus
  • a position of the second best focus is closer to the objective optical element than that of the first best focus formed by the first order diffracted light of the third light flux.
  • the second best focus is formed by the second order diffracted light of the third light flux
  • a position of the second best focus is farther from the objective optical element than that of the first best focus formed by the first order diffracted light of the third light flux.
  • first best focus and the second best focus satisfy the following expression (1): 0 ⁇ L/f ⁇ 0.05 (1)
  • f [mm] represents a focal length of the third light flux that passes through the first optical path difference providing structure and forms the first best focus
  • L [mm] represents a distance between the first best focus and the second best focus.
  • L is preferably 0.03 mm or more, and 0.11 mm or less
  • f is preferably 1.8 mm or more, and 3.0 mm or less.
  • the objective optical element converges the first light flux and the second light flux each of which passes through a peripheral area where the second optical path difference providing structure of the objective optical element is arranged, so as to form a converged spot.
  • the objective optical element converges the first light flux that passes through a peripheral area where the second optical path difference providing structure of the objective optical element is arranged so as to record and/or reproduce information on the information recording surface of the first optical disk.
  • the objective optical element converges the second light flux that passes through a peripheral area where the second optical path difference providing structure of the objective optical element is arranged so as to record and/or reproduce information on an information recording surface of the second optical disk.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure corrects spherical aberration caused by a difference between thickness t 1 of a protective substrate of the first optical disk and thickness t 2 of a protective substrate of the second optical disk and/or spherical aberration caused by a difference of wavelength between the first light flux and the second light flux, for the first light flux and the second light flux which pass through the second optical path difference providing structure.
  • the third light flux which passes the peripheral area is not used for recording and/or reproducing information for the third optical disk. It is preferable to make the third light flux passing through a peripheral area not to contribute to forming of a converged spot on an information recording surface of the third optical disk. In other words, it is preferable that the third light flux passing through a peripheral area where the second optical path difference providing structure of the objective optical element is provided forms flare on an information recording surface of the third optical disk. As shown in FIG.
  • a spot formed on an information recording surface of the third optical disk by the third light flux passing the objective optical element comprises central spot portion SCN having high light density, intermediate spot portion SMD having light density that is lower than that of the central spot portion and peripheral spot portion SOT having light density that is higher than that of the intermediate spot portion and is lower than that of the central spot portion, in this order from the optical axis side (or central spot portion) to the outer side.
  • the central spot portion is used for recording and/or reproducing of information for an optical disk, while, the intermediate spot portion and the peripheral spot portion are not used for recording and/or reproducing of information for an optical disk.
  • this peripheral spot portion is called a flare.
  • the third light flux which passes through the second optical path difference providing structure provided on a peripheral area of the objective optical element forms a peripheral spot portion on an information recording surface of the third optical disk.
  • a converged spot or a spot of the third light flux mentioned in this case is a spot at the first best focus.
  • a spot formed on an information recording surface of the second optical disk comprises a central spot portion, an intermediate spot portion and a peripheral spot portion, in the second light flux passing through the objective optical element.
  • the spherical aberrations of a high order are caused extremely, when the first light flux is used for recording and/or reproducing for the first optical disk, and when a wavelength of the first light flux is changed from the design wavelength or a temperature is changed.
  • the spherical aberrations of a high order mentioned in this case mean spherical aberrations of fifth to ninth order.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure may comprise the second basic structure, the fourth basic structure or the fifth basic structure which will be described later, it is possible to reduce the spherical aberration of a high order, even in the case where the first light flux is used for the first optical disk, a wavelength of the first light flux is changed from the design wavelength and a temperature is changed. What is especially preferable is to satisfy the following expressions (2) and (2′). Satisfying the following expression (2′′) is more preferable.
  • ⁇ SA 5 is a fifth order spherical aberration generated when information is recorded and/or reproduced for the first optical disk using a light flux with a wavelength ⁇ x which is shifted from a using wavelength of 408 nm, and generated at a magnification, which makes a third order spherical aberration SA 3 zero, of the light flux with the wavelength of ⁇ x for the objective optical element.
  • ⁇ SA 7 is a seventh order spherical aberration generated when information is recorded and/or reproduced for the first optical disk using a light flux with the wavelength ⁇ x, and generated at a magnification, which makes a third order spherical aberration SA 3 zero, of the light flux with the wavelength of ⁇ x for the objective optical element.
  • ⁇ SA 9 is a ninth order spherical aberration generated when information is recorded and/or reproduced for the first optical disk using a light flux with the wavelength ⁇ x, and generated at a magnification, which makes a third order spherical aberration SA 3 zero, of the light flux with the wavelength of ⁇ x for the objective optical element.
  • ⁇ is an absolute value of a difference between 408 nm and ⁇ x nm. Incidentally, ⁇ that is 10 nm or less is preferable.
  • the graph comprises a discontinuity at a wavelength which is shifted by 5 nm from a designed wavelength of the first wavelength of the objective optical element.
  • the gap width of the optical path difference at the discontinuity is 0 or more, and 0.2 ⁇ 1 or less. When the gap width of the optical path difference is 0, it means that the graph has no discontinuous portion.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure corrects spherochromatism (chromatic spherical aberration) generated by slight fluctuation of a wavelength of the first light source or the second light source, for the first light flux and the second light flux both passing through the second optical path difference providing structure.
  • the slight fluctuation of a wavelength means a fluctuation within ⁇ 10 nm.
  • the fluctuation of spherical aberration of the first light flux passing through a peripheral area is corrected by the second optical path difference providing structure, and an amount of change of wavefront aberration on an information recording surface of the first optical disk is made to be 0.010 ⁇ 1 rms or more, and 0.095 ⁇ 1 rms or less.
  • the fluctuation of spherical aberration of the second light flux passing a peripheral area is corrected by the second optical path difference providing structure, and an amount of change of wave front aberration on an information recording surface of the second optical disk is made to be 0.002 ⁇ 2 rms or more, and 0.03 ⁇ 2 rms or less. Owing to this, it is possible to correct aberration caused by fluctuations of wavelength resulting from manufacturing errors of a laser or an individual difference of lasers.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure further corrects a spherical aberration caused by temperature change in an objective optical element, for the first light flux and the second light flux both passing through the second optical path difference providing structure.
  • a temperature of the objective optical element is changed by ⁇ 30° C.
  • the fluctuation of spherical aberration of the first light flux or the second light flux passing through a peripheral area is corrected by the second optical path difference providing structure, and an amount of change of wavefront aberration on an information recording surface of the first optical disk is made to be 0.010 ⁇ 1 rms or more, and 0.095 ⁇ 1 rms or less, and an amount of change of wavefront aberration on an information recording surface of the second optical disk is made to be 0.002 ⁇ 2 rms or more, and 0.03 ⁇ 2 rms or less.
  • the objective optical element comprises a most peripheral area
  • the objective optical element converges the first light flux passing through the most peripheral area of the objective optical element so as to record and/or reproduce information on an information recording surface of the first optical disk. Further, in the first light flux passing through the most peripheral area, it is preferable that its spherical aberration is corrected in the case of recording and/or reproducing information for the first optical disk.
  • a second light flux passing through the most peripheral area is not used for recording and/or reproducing information for the second optical disk
  • a third light flux passing through the most peripheral area is not used for recording and/or reproducing information for the third optical disk.
  • the second light flux and the third light flux both passing through the most peripheral area are arranged not to contribute to forming of converged spot respectively on an information recording surface of the second optical disk and on an information recording surface of the third optical disk.
  • the objective optical element comprises the most peripheral area
  • the third light flux passing through the most peripheral area of the objective optical element forms a flare on an information recording surface of the third optical disk.
  • the third light flux passing through the most peripheral area of the objective optical element forms a peripheral spot portion on an information recording surface of the third optical disk.
  • the objective optical element comprises a most peripheral area
  • the second light flux passing through the most peripheral area of the objective optical element forms a flare on an information recording surface of the second optical disk.
  • the second light flux passing through the most peripheral area of the objective optical element forms a peripheral spot portion on an information recording surface of the second optical disk.
  • the third optical path difference providing structure corrects spherochromatism (chromatic spherical aberration) caused by slight fluctuations of a wavelength of the first light source, for the first light flux passing through the third optical path difference providing structure.
  • the slight fluctuation of a wavelength means a fluctuation within ⁇ 10 nm.
  • the fluctuation of spherical aberration of the first light flux passing through a most peripheral area is corrected by the third optical path difference providing structure, and an amount of change of wave front aberration on an information recording surface of the first optical disk is made to be 0.010 ⁇ 1 rms or more, and 0.095 ⁇ 1 rms or less.
  • the third optical path difference providing structure corrects also spherical aberration caused by temperature changes of the objective optical element, for the first light flux passing through the third optical path difference providing structure, which is preferable.
  • a temperature of the objective optical element is changed by ⁇ 30° C.
  • the fluctuation of spherical aberration of the first light flux passing through a most peripheral area is corrected by the third optical path difference providing structure, and an amount of change of wavefront aberration on an information recording surface of the first optical disk is made to be 0.010 ⁇ 1 rms or more, and 0.095 ⁇ 1 rms or less, which is preferable.
  • the first optical path difference providing structure is a structure comprising at least a first basic structure.
  • the first basic structure is an optical path difference providing structure which emits a first order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the first light flux passes through the first basic structure; which emits a first order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the second light flux passes through the first basic structure; and which emits a first order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the third light flux passes through the first basic structure.
  • the first basic structure is preferably an optical path difference providing structure that causes diffraction angles respectively of the first light flux, the second light flux and the third light flux all passing through the first basic structure to be different from each other. It is further preferable that step amount along the optical axis of the first basic structure provides an optical path difference of almost the same as large as the first wavelength with the first light flux, provides an optical path difference of almost 0.6 times as large as the second wavelength with the second light flux, and provides an optical path difference of almost 0.5 times as large as the third wavelength with the third light flux.
  • a structure wherein the third basic structure or the fifth basic structure is overlapped on the first basic structure may also be the first optical path difference providing structure.
  • the third basic structure is an optical path difference providing structure which emits a second order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the first light flux passes through the third basic structure; which emits a first order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the second light flux passes through the third basic structure; and which emits a first order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the third light flux passes through the third basic structure.
  • the third basic structure is preferably an optical path difference providing structure that causes diffraction angle of the second light flux passing through the third basic structure to be different from the diffraction angles of the first and the third light fluxes passing through the third basic structure. It is further preferable that step amount along the optical axis of the third basic structure provides an optical path difference of almost 2 times as large as the first wavelength with the first light flux, provides an optical path difference of almost 1.2 times as large as the second wavelength with the second light flux, and provides an optical path difference of almost the same as large as the third wavelength with the third light flux.
  • the fifth basic structure is an optical path difference providing structure which emits a tenth order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the first light flux passes through the fifth basic structure; which emits a sixth order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the second light flux passes through the fifth basic structure; and which emits fifth order diffracted light fluxes each with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the third light flux passes through the fifth basic structure.
  • step amount along the optical axis of the fifth basic structure provides an optical path difference of almost 10 times as large as the first wavelength with the first light flux, provides an optical path difference of almost 6 times as large as the second wavelength with the second light flux, and provides an optical path difference of almost 5 times as large as the third wavelength with the third light flux.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure is of the structure comprising at least a predetermined basic structure.
  • a predetermined basic structure in this case means an optical path difference providing structure which emits a x-th order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the first light flux passes through the predetermined basic structure; and which emits a y-th order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the second light flux passes through the predetermined basic structure.
  • x and y satisfy the following expression (8): 0.9 ⁇ (x ⁇ 1)/(n1 ⁇ 1) ⁇ (y ⁇ 2)/(n2 ⁇ 1) ⁇ 1.2 ⁇ (x ⁇ 1)/(n1 ⁇ 1) (8)
  • x represents an integer excluding
  • y represents an integer excluding
  • n 1 represents a refractive index of the objective optical element for the first light flux
  • n 2 represents a refractive index of the objective optical element for the second light flux.
  • the second basic structure is an optical path difference providing structure which emits a fifth order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the first light flux passes through the second basic structure; which emits a third order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the second light flux passes through the second basic structure; and which emits third and second order diffracted light fluxes each with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the third light flux passes through the second basic structure.
  • the amount of the third order diffracted light flux is slightly larger than the amount of the second order diffracted light flux, in the third light flux. It is preferable that step amount along the optical axis of the second basic structure provides an optical path difference of almost 5 times as large as the first wavelength with the first light flux, provides an optical path difference of almost 3 times as large as the second wavelength with the second light flux, and provides an optical path difference of almost 2.5 times as large as the third wavelength with the third light flux.
  • the fourth basic structure is an optical path difference providing structure which emits a third order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the first light flux passes through the fourth basic structure; which emits a second order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the second light flux passes through the fourth basic structure; and which emits second and first order diffracted light fluxes each with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the third light flux passes through the fourth basic structure.
  • the amount of the second order diffracted light flux is slightly larger than the amount of the first order diffracted light flux, in the third light flux. It is preferable that step amount along the optical axis of the fourth basic structure provides an optical path difference of almost 3 times as large as the first wavelength with the first light flux, provides an optical path difference of almost 1.9 times as large as the second wavelength with the second light flux, and provides an optical path difference of almost 1.6 times as large as the third wavelength with the third light flux.
  • the second basic structure, the fourth basic structure and the fifth basic structure have a function to make spherical aberration to be under-corrected when a temperature rises and wavelengths of the first light source, the second light source and the third light source are made longer. Accordingly, thereby, an over-corrected spherical aberration caused by a decline of the refractive index of plastic in the case of temperature rise can be corrected, resulting in an excellent state with less spherical aberration. Incidentally, it is possible to make a depth of a step to be smaller for the second basic structure than for the fifth basic structure.
  • the second basic structure, the fourth basic structure, or the fifth basic structure in the second optical path difference providing structure may be arranged on a base aspheric surface (base surface) which differs from the other basic structure. It is preferable that the second basic structure, the fourth basic structure, and the fifth basic structure in the second optical path difference providing structure may be arranged on a base aspheric surface (base surface) configured to provide the optical path differences as described above for respective incident light fluxes and configured such that the second basic structure, the fourth basic structure, and the fifth basic structure do not affect the direction of the incident light flux as well as possible.
  • each of the second basic structure, the fourth basic structure, and the fifth basic structure in the second optical path difference providing structure may be a structure such that the structure goes more inside of the optical element in the direction of the optical axis at the point on the optical element apart farther from the optical axis in the perpendicular direction to the optical axis, then from a certain point, it goes more upper side of the optical element in the direction of the optical axis at the point on the optical element apart farther from the optical axis in the perpendicular direction to the optical axis.
  • each of the second basic structure, the fourth basic structure, and the fifth basic structure in the second optical path difference providing structure may be a structure in which depth of the step becomes deeper as the point of the objective optical element becomes farther from the optical axis in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and from the certain position, depth of the step becomes shallower as the point of the objective optical element becomes farther from the optical axis in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure is preferably of the structure in which the predetermined basic structure and another basic structure are overlapped to each other, and another basic structure stated above is either one of the third basic structure, the fourth basic structure previously described and a sixth basic structure, which are preferable.
  • the sixth basic structure is an optical path difference providing structure which emits a zero-th order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the first light flux passes through the sixth basic structure; which emits a first order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the second light flux passes through the sixth basic structure; and which emits zero-th order diffracted light flux each with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the third light flux passes through the sixth basic structure.
  • the sixth basic structure preferably comprises a plurality of small stepped structures each having four steps.
  • step amount along the optical axis of one step of the small stepped structure provides an optical path difference of almost 2 times as large as the first wavelength with the first light flux, provides an optical path difference of almost 1.2 times as large as the second wavelength with the second light flux, and provides an optical path difference of almost the same as large as the third wavelength with the third light flux.
  • the whole small stepped structure comprising four steps preferably provides an optical path difference of almost 8 times as large as the first wavelength with the first light flux, provides an optical path difference of almost 5 times as large as the second wavelength with the second light flux, and provides an optical path difference of almost 4 times as large as the third wavelength with the third light flux.
  • the third basic structure may further be overlapped on the second optical path difference providing structure, for the purpose of correcting chromatic aberration and/or causing parallel light or substantially parallel light to enter the objective optical element in the course of conducting recording and/or reproducing for all optical disks.
  • the third optical path difference providing structure is a structure comprising at least one of the first basic structure, the second basic structure, the third basic structure, the fourth basic structure, the fifth basic structure previously described and a eighth basic structure.
  • the eighth basic structure is an optical path difference providing structure which emits a fourth order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the first light flux passes through the eighth basic structure; which emits third and second order diffracted light fluxes with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the second light flux passes through the eighth basic structure; and which emits second order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the third light flux passes through the eighth basic structure.
  • step amount along the optical axis of the eighth basic structure provides an optical path difference of almost 4 times as large as the first wavelength with the first light flux, provides an optical path difference of almost 2.5 times as large as the second wavelength with the second light flux, and provides an optical path difference of almost 2 times as large as the third wavelength with the third light flux.
  • the third optical path difference providing structure preferably comprises the first basic structure, the second basic structure, the fourth basic structure, the fifth basic structure or the eighth basic structure.
  • the third optical path difference providing structure preferably comprises the first basic structure, the second basic structure, the third basic structure, the fifth basic structure or the eighth basic structure.
  • the second basic structure is preferable because it can be manufactured easily. Further, from the viewpoint of controlling a width of fluctuations in diffraction efficiency and in light utilization efficiency caused by temperature changes and wavelength changes to be smaller, the third basic structure and the fourth basic structure are preferable, but a transmittance is slightly lowered especially in the fourth basic structure. It is therefore possible to select the basic structure of the third optical path difference depending on the purpose.
  • the objective optical element is a glass lens or a lens made of athermal resin, it is preferable to have a most peripheral area being a refractive surface.
  • each of the first optical path difference providing structure, the second optical path difference providing structure and the third optical path difference providing structure can be divided into plural areas, and each area can also be made of a different basic structure.
  • each of the second optical path difference providing structure and the third optical path difference providing structure can be divided into plural areas, and each area can also be made of a different basic structure.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure can be divided into an inner side area closer to an optical axis and an outer side area surrounding the inner side area, and the inner side area can be made of the structure wherein the second basic structure and the third basic structure are overlapped to each other, while the outer side area can be made of the structure wherein the second basic structure, the third basic structure and a seventh basic structure which will be described later are overlapped to each other.
  • a pitch width of a step is not too small. Therefore, when ring-shaped zones having a pitch width of 5 ⁇ m or less are generated when designing an optical path difference providing structure representing a basis by overlapping plural basic structures, it is preferable to obtain a final optical path difference providing structure by eliminating ring-shaped zones having a pitch width of 5 ⁇ m or less.
  • the ring-shaped zones When ring-shaped zones with pitch width of 5 ⁇ m or less are convex, the ring-shaped zones can be shaved off for eliminating the ring-shaped zones having a pitch width of 5 ⁇ m or less, while, when ring-shaped zones with pitch width of 5 ⁇ m or less are concave, it is possible to fill up the ring-shaped zones for eliminating.
  • every pitch width of at least the first optical path difference providing structure is greater than 5 ⁇ m.
  • every pitch width in all of the first optical path difference providing structure, the second optical path difference providing structure and the third optical path difference providing structure is greater than 5 ⁇ m.
  • a step amount is not too large.
  • an amount of a step of ring-shaped zones equipped with an optical path difference providing structure representing a basis obtained by overlapping plural basic structures is higher than a standard value, it is possible to reduce an excessive amount of a step without affecting optical performances, by lowering an amount of a step of ring-shaped zones by 10 ⁇ B/(n ⁇ 1) ( ⁇ m).
  • 10 ⁇ B/(n ⁇ 1) ( ⁇ m) is preferable to set 10 ⁇ B/(n ⁇ 1) ( ⁇ m) as a standard value, although an optional value can be set as a standard value.
  • the symbol ⁇ B represents a design wavelength ( ⁇ m) of the first light flux, while, n represents a refractive index of an optical element for wavelength ⁇ B.
  • the pitch width means a width of the ring-shaped zone in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis.
  • the step amount means depth of the step of the ring-shaped zone in a direction of the optical axis.
  • a value of (step amount/pitch width) is 1 or less for all ring-shaped zones of the first optical path difference providing structure, and it is more preferable that the aforesaid value is 0.8 or less.
  • a value of (step amount/pitch width) is 1 or less for all ring-shaped zones of all optical path difference providing structures, and it is more preferable that the aforesaid value is 0.8 or less.
  • NA 1 represents the image side numerical aperture of the objective optical element, necessary for reproducing and/or recording information for the first optical disk.
  • NA 2 (NA 1 ⁇ NA 2 ) represents that the image side numerical aperture of the objective optical element necessary for reproducing and/or recording for the information to the second optical disk.
  • NA 3 (NA 2 >NA 3 ) represents that the image side numerical aperture of the objective optical element necessary for reproducing and/or recording information for the third optical disk.
  • NA 1 is one of: 0.8 or more, and 0.9 or less; and 0.55 or more, and 0.7 or less.
  • preferable NA 1 is 0.85.
  • NA 2 is 0.55 or more, and is 0.7 or less.
  • preferable NA 2 is 0.60.
  • NA 3 is 0.4 or more, and is 0.55 or less.
  • preferable NA 3 is 0.45 or 0.53.
  • the border of the central area and the peripheral area in the objective optical element is formed in a portion corresponding to the range being 0.9 ⁇ NA 3 or more and being 1.2 ⁇ NA 3 or less (more preferably, 0.95 ⁇ NA 3 or more, and 1.15 ⁇ NA 3 or less) for the third light flux. More preferably, the border of the central area and the peripheral area of the objective optical element is formed in a portion corresponding to NA 3 . Further, it is preferable that the border of the peripheral area and the most peripheral area of the objective optical element is formed in a portion corresponding to the range being 0.9 ⁇ NA 2 or more, and being 1.2 ⁇ NA 2 or less (more preferably, being 0.95 ⁇ NA 2 or more, and being 1.15 ⁇ NA 2 or less) for the second light flux.
  • the border of the peripheral area and the most peripheral area of the objective optical element is formed in a portion corresponding to NA 2 . It is preferable that the border of the outside of the most peripheral area of the objective optical element is formed in a portion corresponding to the range being than 0.9 ⁇ NA 1 or more, and being 1.2 ⁇ NA 1 or less (more preferably, being 0.95 ⁇ NA 1 or more, and being 1.15 ⁇ NA 1 or less) for the first light flux. More preferably, the border of the outside of the most peripheral area of the objective optical element is formed in a portion corresponding to NA 1 .
  • the spherical aberration has at least one discontinuous portion.
  • the discontinuous portion exists in the range being 0.9 ⁇ NA 3 or more, and being 1.2 ⁇ NA 3 or less (more preferably, being 0.95 ⁇ NA 3 or more, and being 1.15 ⁇ NA 3 or less) for the third light flux.
  • the spherical aberration has at least one discontinuous portion.
  • the discontinuous portion exists in the range being 0.9 ⁇ NA 2 or more, and being 1.2 ⁇ NA 2 or less (more preferably, being 0.95 ⁇ NA 2 or more, and being 1.1 ⁇ NA 2 or less) for the second light flux.
  • the absolute value of the vertical spherical aberration is 0.03 ⁇ m or more in NA 2 , and the absolute value of the vertical spherical aberration is 0.02 ⁇ m or less in NA 3 . More preferably, the absolute value of the vertical spherical aberration is 0.08 ⁇ m or more in NA 2 , and the absolute value of the vertical spherical aberration is 0.01 ⁇ m or less in NA 3 .
  • the absolute value of the vertical spherical aberration is 0.03 ⁇ m or more in NA 1 , and the absolute value of the vertical spherical aberration is 0.005 ⁇ m or less in NA 2 .
  • the diffraction efficiency of the central area for each wavelength can be appropriately set corresponding to the use of the optical pickup apparatus.
  • the diffraction efficiency of the central area and/or the peripheral area is defined with considering primarily the diffraction efficiency for the first light flux.
  • the diffraction efficiency of the central area is defined with considering primarily the diffraction efficiency for the second and third light fluxes and the peripheral area is defined with considering primarily the diffraction efficiency for the second light flux.
  • the diffraction efficiency of the first light flux calculated by the area weighted mean can be secured high.
  • ⁇ 11 expresses is an efficiency of a light utilization of the first light flux in the central area
  • ⁇ 21 expresses is an efficiency of a light utilization of the first light flux in the peripheral area.
  • the efficiency of a light utilization of the central area is defined with considering primarily the light fluxes with the second and the third wavelengths
  • the efficiency of a light utilization of the first light flux of the central area is decreased.
  • the numerical aperture of the first optical disk is larger than the numerical aperture of the third optical disk, when considered on the whole effective diameter of the first light flux, the decrease of the efficiency of a light utilization the central area does not give so much large influence.
  • ⁇ 13 ⁇ 40% (3) ⁇ 13 represents an efficiency of a light utilization for the third light flux in a central area.
  • the light utilization efficiency mentioned in the present specification can be defined as follows.
  • A represents a light amount in an airy disc of a converged spot formed on an information recording surface of an optical disk corresponding to the light flux used for measurement.
  • B represents a light amount in an airy disc of a converged spot formed on an information recording surface of an optical disk corresponding to the light flux used for measurement.
  • the light utilization efficiency is to be calculated based on A/B.
  • a blaze wavelength is made to be a wavelength between the first wavelength and the second wavelength. It is more preferable that the blaze wavelength is not less than 405 nm and is not more than 600 nm.
  • the difference of 30% or more is more preferable.
  • the first light flux, the second light flux, and the third light flux may either enter the objective optical element as parallel light fluxes, or enter the objective optical element as divergent light fluxes or convergent light fluxes.
  • magnification m 1 of the first light flux entering into the objective optical element satisfies the following expression (4). ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ m 1 ⁇ 0.02 (4)
  • magnification m 1 of the first light flux entering into the objective optical element as a divergent light flux satisfies the following expression (4′). ⁇ 0.10 ⁇ m 1 ⁇ 0.00 (4′)
  • magnification m 2 of the second light flux entering into the objective optical element satisfies the following expression (5). ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ m 2 ⁇ 0.02 (5)
  • magnification m 2 of the second light flux entering into the objective optical element satisfies the following expression (5′). ⁇ 0.10 ⁇ m 2 ⁇ 0.00 (5′)
  • magnification m 3 of the third light flux entering into the objective optical element satisfies the following expression (6). ⁇ 0.02 ⁇ m 3 ⁇ 0.02 (6)
  • the objective optical element preferably comprises a fourth optical path difference providing structure.
  • the fourth optical path difference providing structure preferably is provided on an optical surface which is different from the optical surface on which the first optical path difference providing structure and the second optical path difference providing structure are provided. Further, the fourth optical path difference providing structure is preferably provided on the surface of the objective optical element closer to the optical disk side.
  • the fourth optical path difference providing structure is preferably of the structure to correct chromatic spherical aberration.
  • the fourth optical path difference providing structure is preferably of the structure to comprise any one of the second basic structure, the third basic structure, the fifth basic structure and the sixth basic structure.
  • the fourth optical path difference providing structure may have a function to correct spherical aberration caused by a difference between thickness t 1 of a protective substrate of the first optical disk and thickness t 2 of a protective substrate of the second optical disk for the first light flux and the second light flux, and this function can be shared by the second optical path difference providing structure and the fourth optical path difference providing structure, which is preferable.
  • a basic structure having the function to correct chromatic aberration may also be overlapped on at least one of the first optical path difference providing structure, the second optical path difference providing structure and the third optical path difference providing structure (preferably, two of them, more preferably, all of them), without providing the fourth optical path difference providing structure.
  • the third basic structure is preferably overlapped to the first optical path difference providing structure.
  • magnification m 3 of the third light flux entering into the objective optical element satisfies the following expression (7). ⁇ 0.10 ⁇ m 3 ⁇ 0.00 (7)
  • the objective optical element comprises a plastic lens
  • the expression (16) is satisfied.
  • following conditional expressions (16) and (17) are preferably satisfied: +0.0005(WFE ⁇ rms/(° C. ⁇ mm)) ⁇ SAT1/f′ ⁇ +0.0020 (WFE ⁇ rms/(° C. ⁇ mm)) (16) ⁇ 0.00020 (WFE ⁇ rms/(nm ⁇ mm)) ⁇ SA ⁇ /f′ ⁇ 0.00002 (WFE ⁇ rms/(nm ⁇ mm)) (17)
  • ⁇ SAT 1 represents ⁇ SA 3 / ⁇ T (rate of change of third order spherical aberration caused by temperature change) of the objective optical element in the case of recording/reproducing information for an optical disk in a using wavelength (assuming no wavelength fluctuation caused by temperature change, in this case).
  • the using wavelength means a wavelength of a light source used in an optical pickup apparatus comprising an objective optical element.
  • the using wavelength is a wavelength being 400 nm or more, and 415 nm or less with which information can be recorded and/or reproduced for an optical disk through an objective optical element.
  • 408 nm may be used as the using wavelength to obtain ⁇ SAT 1 of the objective optical element as well as ⁇ SAT 2 and ⁇ SAT 3 which will be described later.
  • WFE shows that third order spherical aberration is expressed by wavefront aberration.
  • ⁇ SA ⁇ represents ⁇ SA 3 / ⁇ (rate of change of third order spherical aberration caused by wavelength change) of the objective optical element in the case of recording and/or reproducing information for an optical disk in the using wavelength.
  • an ambient temperature is a room temperature.
  • the room temperature is 10° C. or more, and 40° C. or less, and it preferably is 25° C.
  • the symbol f′ represents a focal length of the objective optical element in a light flux with wavelength ⁇ 1 (preferably, wavelength 408 nm).
  • ⁇ SAT 2 represents ⁇ SA 3 / ⁇ T of the objective optical element in the case of recording and/or reproducing information for an optical disk in a light source wherein wavelength fluctuation caused by temperature changes is 0.05 nm/° C.
  • a light converging optical system of the optical pickup apparatus comprises a coupling lens such as a collimator lens, and the coupling lens is a plastic lens
  • satisfying the following conditional expression (19) is preferable: 0 (WFE ⁇ rms/(° C. ⁇ mm)) ⁇ SAT3/f′ ⁇ +0.0015 (WFE ⁇ rms/(° C. ⁇ mm)) (19)
  • ⁇ SAT 3 represents ⁇ SA 3 / ⁇ T of the total optical system including a coupling lens and an objective optical element, in the case of recording and/or reproducing information for a high density optical disk in a light source wherein wavelength fluctuation caused by temperature changes is 0.05 nm/° C.
  • a working distance (WD) of an objective optical element in the case of using a third optical disk is preferably 0.15 mm or more, and 1.5 mm or less. It is more preferable to be 0.2 mm or more, and 0.4 mm or less.
  • WD of an objective optical element in the case of using a second optical disk is preferably 0.3 mm or more, and 0.7 mm or less.
  • WD of an objective optical element in the case of using a first optical disk is preferably 0.4 mm or more, and 0.9 mm or less. For t 1 ⁇ t 2 , it is preferable to be 0.6 mm or more, and 0.9 mm or less.
  • the thinner axial thickness of the lens is more preferable for lengthening the above WD.
  • the lens is made to be too thin, an influence of the temperature change on the plastic lens grows too great, which is not preferable.
  • satisfying the following conditional expression (15) is preferable. 1 ⁇ T/f ⁇ 1.13
  • T (mm) represents an axial thickness of the objective optical element
  • f (mm) represents a focal length of the objective optical element in the third light flux. It is preferable that an axial thickness of the objective optical element is 2.31 mm or more, and 2.61 mm or less.
  • An incident pupil diameter of the objective optical element is preferably 2.8 mm or more, and 4.5 mm or less when a first optical disk is used.
  • a preferable state of the third light flux to pass through a peripheral area and/or a most peripheral area in recording and/or reproducing for a third optical disc will be explained first.
  • recording and/or reproducing of the third optical disk is assumed, in the vertical spherical aberration diagram whose vertical axis is a height from the optical axis along the direction perpendicular to the optical axis, whose horizontal axis is a defocus amount, it can be regarded as a more preferable situation when an absolute value of a difference between a defocus amount of the third light flux passing through the central area of the objective optical element and a defocus amount of the third light flux passing through the peripheral area and/or the most peripheral area is larger.
  • the action is to provide an optical path difference providing structure for outreaching the third light flux as a flare as far as possible on the portion having a height from the optical axis by which the difference of defocus amount is 10 ⁇ m or less, so that the minimum value of the difference between the defocus amount of the third light flux passing through the central area of the objective optical element and the defocus amount of the third light flux passing through the peripheral area and/or the most peripheral area may become larger than 10 ⁇ m, which is preferable.
  • the minimum value for the absolute value of the difference between the defocus amount of the third light flux passing through the central area of the objective optical element (which may also be an area that is not more than a necessary numerical aperture of the third optical disk) and the defocus amount of the third light flux passing through the peripheral area and/or the most peripheral area (which may also be an area that is not less than a necessary numerical aperture of the third optical disk) is larger than 10 ⁇ m.
  • the minimum value exceeding 15 ⁇ m is more preferable.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure and/or the third optical path difference providing structure comprises, on at least on part of its area, the seventh basic structure, as a structure for outreaching the third light flux as a flare as far as possible, in addition to other basic structures.
  • the seventh basic structure is an optical path difference providing structure which emits a zero-th order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the first light flux passes through the seventh basic structure; which emits a zero-th order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the second light flux passes through the seventh basic structure; and which emits a first order diffracted light flux with a larger light amount than any diffracted light fluxes with the other diffraction order, when the third light flux passes through the seventh basic structure.
  • step amount along the optical axis of the seventh basic structure provides an optical path difference of almost 5 times as large as the first wavelength with the first light flux, provides an optical path difference of almost 3 times as large as the second wavelength with the second light flux, and provides an optical path difference of almost 2.5 times as large as the third wavelength with the third light flux.
  • the seventh basic structure preferably comprises a binary shape repeating one step concavity and convexity.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure whose inside area closer to an optical axis has the structure in which the second basic structure and the third basic structure are overlapped to each other and whose outside area farther than the inside area from an optical axis has the structure in which the second basic structure, the third basic structure and the seventh basic structure are overlapped to each other.
  • the action is to provide an optical path difference providing structure for outreaching the second light flux as a flare as far as possible on the portion having a height from the optical axis by which the difference of defocus amount is 10 ⁇ m or less, so that the minimum value of the difference between the defocus amount of the second light flux passing through the central area and the peripheral area of the objective optical element and the defocus amount of the second light flux passing through the most peripheral area may become larger than 10 ⁇ m, which is preferable.
  • the minimum value for the absolute value of the difference between the defocus amount of the second light flux passing through the central area and the peripheral area of the objective optical element (which may also be an area that is not less than a necessary numerical aperture of the second optical disk) and the defocus amount of the second light flux passing through the most peripheral area (which may also be an area that is not less than a necessary numerical aperture of the second optical disk) is larger than 10 ⁇ m.
  • the minimum value exceeding 15 ⁇ m is more preferable.
  • the third optical path difference providing structure can comprise, on at least a part of its area, a third basic structure as a structure for outreaching the second light flux greatly as a flare.
  • the third optical path difference providing structure whose inside area closer to an optical axis has the structure that is composed only of the third basic structure and whose outside area farther than the inside area from the optical axis has the structure that is composed only of the second basic structure.
  • the inside area of the third optical path difference providing structure into two areas and thereby to make an inside-inside area of the third optical path difference providing structure closer to an optical axis to have the structure that is composed of third basic structure and the seventh basic structure and to make an outside-inside area that is farther from the optical axis than the inside-inside area to have the structure that is composed only of third basic structure.
  • the third optical path difference providing structure into two areas, inside area and outside area, and thereby to make an inside area of the third optical path difference providing structure closer to an optical axis to have the structure in which the seventh basic structure and the second basic structure are overlapped with each other and to make an outside area of the third optical path difference providing structure farther from the optical axis than the inside area to have the structure composed only of the second basic structure.
  • the opening limiting element is arranged on the point closer to the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source than the objective optical element in a common optical path of the first, second and third light fluxes.
  • the opening limiting element comprises a first area closest to an optical axis, and a second area arranged farther position from the optical axis than the first area.
  • the first area transmits the first light flux, the second light flux, and the third light flux.
  • the second area transmits the first light flux and the second light flux and the third light flux are not converged at a light converging position of the third light flux which passes through the first area of the opening limiting element and the objective optical element.
  • the second area is in two types including a type which does not converge light at the converging position of the third light flux which passes through the first area by transmitting the first light flux and the second light flux and preventing the third light flux from transmitting as a dichroic filter; and a type which does not converge light at the conversing position of the third light flux which passes through the first area by transmitting the first light flux and the second light flux and making the third light flux flare, as a diffractive optical element.
  • the third light fluxes which passes through the first area enters into the central area of the objective optical element.
  • a dichroic filter and a diffractive optical element are preferably used, and in particular, the dichroic filter wherein blue light, red light and infrared light are transmitted in the area close to the optical axis, and blue light and red light are transmitted and infrared light is not transmitted in the area that is away from the optical axis, is used favorably.
  • an optical pickup apparatus comprises a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate for converting a linear polarized light to a circular polarized light or for converting a circular polarized light to a linear polarized light.
  • the opening limiting element may also be united with this ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate.
  • the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate there are given roughly the following three types, to which, however, the examples are is not limited thereto.
  • a first type of the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate there is given a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate having a high polymer liquid crystal layer which is hardened liquid crystal monomer.
  • a phase plate equipped with a first organic thin film layer and a second organic thin film layer.
  • the first organic thin film layer has a retardation value of 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength for light of a certain zone (for example, a visible zone), and the second organic thin film layer has a retardation value of 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength for light of the same zone, and the first and second organic thin film layers are overlapped each other so that an optical axis of the first organic thin film layer and that of the second organic thin film layer may intersect at a prescribed angle respectively.
  • These first and second organic thin film layers are high polymer liquid crystal layers.
  • contents described in Japanese Patent Publication Open to Public Inspection No. 2004-198942 can be applied to the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate of the first type.
  • a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate of the second type there is given a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate having structural birefringence.
  • structural birefringence For example, there is given one in which two types of media each having a different refractive index are arranged one after the other at a microscopic cycle length (for example, 100-300 nm), and a refractive index cyclic structure showing structural birefringence is provided, and a phase difference is produced by the structural birefringence.
  • ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate of the third type there is given a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate in which plural high polymer film layers for converting a circular polarized light to a linear polarized light or converting a linear polarized light to a circular polarized light for a specific wavelength zone are layered.
  • contents described in EP1134068A can be applied to the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate of the third type.
  • the optical information recording and reproducing apparatus comprises the optical disk drive apparatus having the above described optical pickup apparatus.
  • the optical disk drive apparatus installed in the optical information recording and reproducing apparatus will be described.
  • the optical disk drive apparatus employing a system of taking out only a tray which can hold an optical disk with the optical disk being, from the main body of the optical information recording and reproducing apparatus in which optical pickup apparatus is housed; and a system of taking out the main body of the optical disk drive apparatus in which the optical pickup apparatus is housed.
  • the optical information recording and reproducing apparatus using each of the above described systems is generally provided with the following component members: an optical pickup apparatus housed in a housing; a drive source of the optical pickup apparatus such as seek-motor by which the optical pickup apparatus is moved toward the inner periphery or outer periphery of the optical disk for each housing; traveling means having a guide rail for guiding the optical pickup apparatus toward the inner periphery or outer periphery of the optical disk; and a spindle motor for rotation driving of the optical disk.
  • a drive source of the optical pickup apparatus such as seek-motor by which the optical pickup apparatus is moved toward the inner periphery or outer periphery of the optical disk for each housing
  • traveling means having a guide rail for guiding the optical pickup apparatus toward the inner periphery or outer periphery of the optical disk
  • a spindle motor for rotation driving of the optical disk.
  • the optical information recording and reproducing apparatus employing the former system is provide with, other than these component members, a tray which can hold the optical disk with the optical disk being mounted thereon, and a loading mechanism for slidably moving the tray.
  • the optical information recording and reproducing apparatus employing the latter system does not include the tray and loading mechanism, and it is preferable that each component member is provided in the drawer corresponding to chassis which can be taken out outside.
  • the invention makes it possible to provide an optical pickup apparatus, an objective optical element and an optical information recording and/or reproducing apparatus in which an appropriated flare can be generated in the course of recording and/or reproducing CD and DVD even when a single lens is used as an objective optical element, and recording and/or reproducing of information can be conducted properly for three types of discs such as high density optical disk, DVD and CD, wherein simplification of their structures and low cost of them can be realized.
  • an optical pickup apparatus, an objective optical element and an optical information recording and/or reproducing apparatus wherein light utilization efficiency can be enhanced and sufficient light amount can be secured for all of the three different optical disks.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of optical pickup apparatus PU 1 in the present embodiment which can record and/or reproduce information properly for BD, DVD and CD each being different from others.
  • the optical pickup apparatus PU 1 of this kind can be installed in an optical information recording and/or reproducing apparatus.
  • BD represents a first optical disk
  • DVD represents a second optical disk
  • CD represents a third optical disk.
  • the invention is not limited to the present embodiment.
  • the optical pickup apparatus PU 1 comprises light source package LDP in which violet semiconductor laser LD 1 (first light source) that emits a violet laser light flux (first light flux) with wavelength 408 nm emitted in the case of recording and/or reproducing information for BD, and red semiconductor laser LD 2 (second light source) that emits a laser light flux (second light flux) with wavelength 658 nm emitted in the case of recording and/or reproducing information for DVD are packed in one package; hologram-laser HL composed of infrared semiconductor laser LD 3 (third light source) emitting a laser light flux (third light flux) with wavelength 785 nm emitted in the case of recording and/or reproducing information for CD and of photodetector PD 2 that receives reflected light flux coming from information recording surface RL 3 of CD; common photodetector PD 1 for BD and DVD (Plural light-receiving sections respectively for BD and DVD may also be provided); single objective lens (objective optical element) OL
  • violet SHG laser can also be used in addition to the aforesaid violet semiconductor laser LD 1 , as a light source for BD.
  • a coupling lens through which the first light flux passes namely the first collimator COL 1 has, on its optical surface, the structure having a function to correct chromatic aberration, such as an optical path difference providing structure having the second basic structure.
  • central area CN including an optical axis, peripheral area MD arranged to surround the central area and the most peripheral area OT arranged to surround further the peripheral area, with forming concentric circles whose center is on the optical axis, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 .
  • a ratio of an area of each of the central area, the peripheral area and the most peripheral area in FIGS. 1 and 5 is not shown accurately.
  • optical pickup apparatus PU 1 when recording and/or reproducing information for BD, a position of the first lens L 1 in the optical axis direction is adjusted by uniaxial actuator AC 2 so that the first light flux may be emitted from beam expander EXP under the state of a parallel light flux, then the violet semiconductor laser LD 1 emits light. As shown by a light path drawn with solid lines in FIG. 4 , the divergent light flux emitted from the violet semiconductor laser LD 1 is converted into a parallel light flux by collimator COL 1 after being reflected by first polarized beam splitter BS 1 .
  • the parallel light flux is expanded in terms of a diameter by beam expander EXP and passes through 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate QWP to be regulated in terms of a light flux diameter by an unillustrated diaphragm.
  • the regulated light flux enters into objective lens OL under the state of a parallel light flux to become a spot formed on information recording surface RL 1 through protective substrate PL 1 of BD.
  • a converged spot is formed on information recording surface RL 1 of BD by the light flux which passes through central area CN, peripheral area MD, most peripheral area OT and an optical surface on the optical disk side, of the objective lens. Focusing and tracking for the objective lens OL are carried out by biaxial actuator AC 1 .
  • the light flux on information recording surface RL 1 is reflected and modulated by information pits on information recording surface RL 1 .
  • the reflected light flux is converted into a converged light flux by the first collimator COL 1 , after being transmitted again through objective lens OL, 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate QWP, beam expander EXP and second polarized beam splitter BS 2 .
  • the converged light flux is given astigmatism by sensor lens SEN after being transmitted through the first polarized beam splitter BS 1 , and is converged on a light-receiving surface of photodetector PD 1 .
  • the optical pickup apparatus PU 1 when conducting recording and/or reproducing of information for DVD, a position of the first lens L 1 in the optical axis direction is adjusted by uniaxial actuator AC 2 so that second light flux may be emitted from beam expander EXP under the state of a collimated light flux, then the red semiconductor laser LD 2 emits light. As shown by a light path drawn with dotted lines in FIG. 4 , the divergent light flux emitted from the red semiconductor laser LD 2 is converted into a parallel light flux by collimator COL 1 after being reflected by first polarized beam splitter BS 1 .
  • the parallel light flux is expanded in terms of a diameter by beam expander EXP and passes through 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate QWP to be regulated in terms of a light flux diameter by an unillustrated diaphragm.
  • the light flux enters into objective lens OL under the state of a parallel light to become a spot formed on information recording surface RL 2 through protective substrate PL 2 of DVD.
  • a converged spot namely, a spot central portion is formed on information recording surface RL 2 of DVD by the light flux which passes through central area CN, peripheral area MD and an optical surface on the optical disk side, of the objective lens OL.
  • a light flux which passes through the most peripheral area OT is made to be a flare to form a peripheral spot portion. Focusing and tracking for the objective lens OL are carried out by biaxial actuator AC 1 arranged on the circumference of the objective lens OL.
  • the light flux on information recording surface RL 2 is reflected and modulated by information pits on information recording surface RL 2 and is converted into a converged light flux by the first collimator COL 1 , after being transmitted again through objective lens OL, 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate QWP, beam expander EXP and second polarized beam splitter BS 2 .
  • the converged light flux is given astigmatism by sensor lens SEN after being transmitted through the first polarized beam splitter BS 1 , and is converged on a light-receiving surface of photodetector PD 1 .
  • a position of the first lens L 1 in the optical axis direction is adjusted by uniaxial actuator AC 2 so that third light flux may be emitted from beam expander EXP under the state of a slightly converged light flux (Example 1) or under the state of a parallel light flux (Example 2), then the infrared semiconductor laser LD 3 emits light.
  • the divergent light flux emitted from the infrared semiconductor laser LD 3 is converted into a collimated light flux by second collimator COL 2 .
  • the collimated light flux is reflected by second polarized light beam splitter BS 2 , to be changed to slightly divergent light flux by beam expander EXP or to be expanded in terms of a diameter while keeping its parallel light flux.
  • the light flux passes through 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate QWP to become a spot formed on information recording surface RL 3 through protective substrate PL 3 of CD after entering objective lens OL under the state of a slightly finite divergent light or of a parallel light.
  • a converged spot namely, a spot central portion is formed on information recording surface RL 3 of CD by the light flux which passes through central area CN and an optical surface on the optical disk side of the objective lens OL.
  • a light flux which passes through the most peripheral area OT and peripheral area MD is made to be a flare to form a peripheral spot portion. Focusing and tracking for the objective lens OL are carried out by biaxial actuator AC 1 arranged on the circumference of the objective lens OL.
  • a reflected light flux modulated by information pits on information recording surface RL 3 is transmitted again through objective lens OL, 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate QWP and beam expander EXP, and is reflected by the second polarized beam splitter BS 2 , to be converted into a converged light flux by the collimator COL 2 . After that, the converged light flux is converged on photodetector PD 2 .
  • information recorded on CD can be read by the use of output signals of the photodetector PD 2 .
  • the first optical path difference providing structure of the central area, the second optical path difference providing structure of the peripheral area and third optical path difference providing structure of the most peripheral area can correct properly spherical aberration of the first light flux, and can record and/or reproduce information properly for BD with a protective substrate of thickness t 1 .
  • the first optical path difference providing structure of the central area and the second optical path difference providing structure of the peripheral area can correct properly spherical aberration of the second light flux generated by a difference of protective substrate thickness between BD and DVD and by a difference of wavelength between the first light flux and the second light flux, and can record and/or reproduce information properly for DVD with a protective substrate of thickness t 2 , because the most peripheral area causes the second light flux to be a flare on an information recording surface of DVD.
  • the first optical path difference providing structure of the central area can correct properly spherical aberration of the third light flux generated by a difference of protective substrate thickness between BD and CD and by a difference of wavelength between the first light flux and the third light flux, and can record and/or reproduce information properly for CD with protective substrate of thickness t 3 , because the second optical path difference providing structure of the peripheral area and the third optical path difference providing structure of the most peripheral area make the third light flux to be a flare on an information recording surface of CD.
  • the first optical path difference providing structure of the central area makes the diffraction efficiency of the third light flux used for recording and reproducing to be an excellent one, a light amount of the third light flux which is sufficient for recording and reproducing can be obtained.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure of the peripheral area can correct spheromatism (chromatic spherical aberration) when the wavelength is deviated from the standard wavelength for the first and second light fluxes for reasons such as manufacturing errors of lasers, and can correct spherical aberration generated by temperature changes when temperatures are changed.
  • the objective optical element is a single lens made of polyolefin-based plastic.
  • the first optical path difference providing structure On the entire surface of central area CN on the optical surface of the objective optical element, there is formed the first optical path difference providing structure.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure On the entire surface of peripheral area MD on the optical surface, there is formed the second optical path difference providing structure.
  • the third optical path difference providing structure On the entire surface of most peripheral area OT on the optical surface, there is formed the third optical path difference providing structure.
  • the first optical path difference providing structure is of the structure comprising only the first basic structure, which is in a serrated form as shown schematically in FIG. 2( a ).
  • the first basic structure representing a diffractive structure in a serrated form is designed to make a diffracted light amount of the first order of the diffracted first light flux to be greater than a diffracted light amount of a diffracted first light flux with any other diffraction order number (including also zero-th order, namely, transmitted light), then, to make a diffracted light amount of the first order of the diffracted second light flux to be greater than a diffracted light amount of a diffracted second light flux with any other diffraction order number (including also zero-th order, namely, transmitted light) and to make a diffracted light amount of the first order of the diffracted third light flux to be greater than a diffracted light amount of a diffracted third light flux with any other diffraction order number (including also zero-th order, namely
  • the second optical path difference providing structure is the structure wherein the second basic structure and the third basic structure are overlapped to each other, and it is in a form wherein two types of diffractive structures in a serrated form are overlapped to each other.
  • the second basic structure representing a rougher diffractive structure in a serrated form is designed to make a diffracted light amount of the fifth order of the first diffracted light flux to be greater than a diffracted light amount of a diffracted first light flux with any other diffraction order number (including also zero-th order, namely, transmitted light), then, to make a diffracted light amount of the third order of the diffracted second light flux to be greater than a diffracted light amount of a diffracted second light flux with any other diffraction order number (including also zero-th order, namely, transmitted light) and to make an amount of diffracted light of the third and second orders of the diffracted third light flux to be greater than a diffracted light amount of a diffracted third light flux
  • the third basic structure representing a finer diffractive structure in a serrated form is designed to make a diffracted light amount of the second order of the diffracted first light flux to be greater than a diffracted light amount of the diffracted first light flux with any other order diffraction number (including also zero-th order, namely, transmitted light), then, to make a diffracted light amount of the first order of the diffracted second light flux to be greater than a diffracted light amount of the diffracted second light flux with any other order diffraction number (including also zero-th order, namely, transmitted light) and to make a diffracted light amount of the first order of the diffracted third light flux to be greater than a diffracted light amount of the diffracted third light flux with any other diffraction order number (including also zero-th order, namely, transmitted light).
  • the third optical path difference providing structure is of the structure comprising only the second basic structure, and is of the form having only the diffractive structure in a serrated form of one type.
  • Example 1 all of the first, second and third optical path difference providing structures are provided on the optical surface on the light source side, and an optical surface of the objective optical element on the optical disk side is a refractive surface. Further, in Example 1, the third light flux enters the objective optical element as a slightly finite divergent light.
  • the lens data of the Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
  • the power of 10 will be expressed as by using “E”.
  • 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 will be expressed as 2.5E ⁇ 3.
  • Each of optical surfaces of the objective optical system is formed as an aspheric surface, which has a symmetric shape around the optical axis with defined by substituting the coefficients shown in the tables described later into the expression (21).
  • X(h) is the axis along the optical axis (the direction of traveling light is positive direction)
  • ⁇ is a conical constant
  • a 2i is an aspheric coefficient
  • h is the height from the optical axis.
  • the diffractive structure provides the optical path difference with the light fluxes of respective wavelengths, which is defined by substituting the coefficients shown in the tables shown later into the expression 22.
  • the optical path difference providing structures of the present invention can be designed by the way other than the following expression (22) and can be expressed by the way other than the following expression (22).
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the incident light flux
  • ⁇ B is the design wavelength (blaze wavelength)
  • dor is the diffraction order
  • C 2i is the coefficient of the optical path difference function.
  • FIGS. 6( a ), 6 ( b ) and 6 ( c ) shows a vertical spherical aberration diagram in Example 1.
  • the numeral 1.0 on the vertical axis in the vertical spherical aberration diagram represents NA 0.85 or the diameter of 3.74 mm.
  • Example 1 when a wavelength of a light flux for BD is changed by 5 nm, an amount of change of third order spherical aberration is ⁇ 0.134 ⁇ rms, an amount of change of the fifth order spherical aberration is ⁇ 0.031 ⁇ rms, an amount of change of the seventh order spherical aberration is ⁇ 0.006 ⁇ rms, and an amount of change of the ninth order spherical aberration of is ⁇ 0.001 ⁇ rms. Therefore, the total amount of change in the third—ninth orders spherical aberrations is 0.138 ⁇ rms.
  • Example 1 when a wavelength of the light flux for BD is changed by 5 nm, and when a magnification of the fist light flux entering into the objective optical element is changed so that the third order spherical aberration may be 0, SA 5 is ⁇ 0.009 ⁇ rms, SA 7 is 0.009 ⁇ rms, and SA 9 is ⁇ 0.003 ⁇ rms. Therefore, ⁇ SAH is 0.013 ⁇ rms and ⁇ SAH/ ⁇ is 0.0026 ( ⁇ rms/nm).
  • a using wavelength is 408 nm and an ambient temperature in wavelength characteristics is 25° C.
  • Example 2 will be described as follows.
  • FIGS. 7( a ), 7 ( b ) and 7 ( c ) shows a vertical spherical aberration diagram in Example 2.
  • the numeral 1.0 on the vertical axis in the vertical spherical aberration diagram represents NA 0.85 or a diameter of 3.74 mm.
  • Example 2 when a wavelength of a light flux for BD is changed by 5 nm, an amount of change of the third order spherical aberration is ⁇ 0.188 ⁇ rms, an amount of change of the fifth order spherical aberration is ⁇ 0.021 ⁇ rms, an amount of change of the seventh order spherical aberration of is 0.030 ⁇ rms, and an amount of change of the ninth order spherical aberration is ⁇ 0.016 ⁇ rms. Therefore, the total amount of change of the third to ninth order spherical aberrations of is 0.192 ⁇ rms.
  • Example 2 when a wavelength of the light flux for BD is changed by 5 nm, and when a magnification of the first light flux entering to the objective optical element is changed so that the third order spherical aberration may be 0, SA 5 is 0 ⁇ rms, SA 7 is 0.037 ⁇ rms, and SA 9 is ⁇ 0.016 ⁇ rms. Therefore, ⁇ SAH is 0.042 ⁇ rms and ⁇ SAH/ ⁇ is 0.0084 ( ⁇ rms/nm).
  • a using wavelength is 408 nm and an ambient temperature in wavelength characteristics is 25° C.
  • Example 3 will be described as follows.
  • Example 3 differs from Example 1 in the point that the seventh basic structure is overlapped to a part (a region closer to the most peripheral area) of the peripheral area and a part (a region closer to the peripheral area) of the most peripheral area of the objective optical element in order to outreach the third light flux as a flare as far as possible.
  • the second optical path difference providing structure whose inside area closer to an optical axis has the structure in which the second basic structure and the third basic structure are overlapped to each other, and whose outside area farther than the inside area from the optical axis has the structure in which the second basic structure, the third basic structure, and the seventh basic structure are overlapped to each other.
  • the third optical path difference providing structure divided into an inner side area closer to an optical axis and an outer side area surrounding the inner side area, in which the inner side area is made of the structure wherein the seventh basic structure and the second basic structure are overlapped to each other, while the outer side area is made of the structure composed only of the second basic structure.
  • the seventh basic structure which is a binary structure, is designed to make a diffracted light amount of the zero-th order of the diffracted first light flux to be greater than a diffracted light amount of a diffracted first light flux with any other diffraction order number, then, to make a diffracted light amount of the zero-th order of the diffracted second light flux to be greater than a diffracted light amount of a diffracted second light flux with any other diffraction order number and to make a diffracted light amount of the ⁇ first order of the diffracted third light flux to be greater than a diffracted light amount of a diffracted third light flux with any other diffraction order number (including also zero-th order, namely, transmitted light).
  • FIGS. 8( a ), 8 ( b ) and 8 ( c ) shows a vertical spherical aberration diagram in Example 3.
  • the numeral 1.0 on the vertical axis in the vertical spherical aberration diagram represents NA 0.85 or a diameter of 3.74 mm.
  • Example 3 when a wavelength of a light flux for BD is changed by 5 nm, an amount of change of the third order spherical aberration is ⁇ 0.188 ⁇ rms, an amount of change of the fifth order spherical aberration is ⁇ 0.021 ⁇ rms, an amount of change of the seventh order spherical aberration of is 0.030 ⁇ rms, and an amount of change of the ninth order spherical aberration is ⁇ 0.016 ⁇ rms. Therefore, the total amount of change of the third—ninth order spherical aberrations of is 0.192 ⁇ rms.
  • Example 3 when a wavelength of the light flux for BD is changed by 5 nm, and when a magnification of the first light flux entering to the objective optical element is changed so that the third order spherical aberration may be 0, SA 5 is 0 ⁇ rms, SA 7 is 0.037 ⁇ rms, and SA 9 is ⁇ 0.016 ⁇ rms. Therefore, ⁇ SAH is 0.042 ⁇ rms and ⁇ SAH/ ⁇ is 0.0084 ( ⁇ rms/nm).
  • a using wavelength is 408 nm and an ambient temperature in wavelength characteristics is 25° C.

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US20080013412A1 (en) 2008-01-17
US20080013415A1 (en) 2008-01-17
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US7460459B2 (en) 2008-12-02
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TW200818169A (en) 2008-04-16
KR20090035514A (ko) 2009-04-09

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