US7325757B2 - Plastics recovery system - Google Patents

Plastics recovery system Download PDF

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Publication number
US7325757B2
US7325757B2 US10/775,665 US77566504A US7325757B2 US 7325757 B2 US7325757 B2 US 7325757B2 US 77566504 A US77566504 A US 77566504A US 7325757 B2 US7325757 B2 US 7325757B2
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Prior art keywords
plastic
mixture
air
stream
separator
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
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US10/775,665
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US20040159593A1 (en
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Paul C. Allen
Laurence E. Allen, III.
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MBA Polymers Inc
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MBA Polymers Inc
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Assigned to MBA POLYMERS, INC. reassignment MBA POLYMERS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALLEN III, LAURENCE E., ALLEN, PAUL C.
Publication of US20040159593A1 publication Critical patent/US20040159593A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B2017/0094—Mobile recycling devices, e.g. devices installed in truck trailers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0224—Screens, sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0237—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0237—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference
    • B29B2017/0241—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference in gas, e.g. air flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0262—Specific separating techniques using electrical caracteristics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0262—Specific separating techniques using electrical caracteristics
    • B29B2017/0265—Electrostatic separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0268—Separation of metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0279—Optical identification, e.g. cameras or spectroscopy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/29—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in liquid form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2055/00—Use of specific polymers obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2023/00 - B29K2049/00, e.g. having a vinyl group, as moulding material
    • B29K2055/02—ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
    • B29K2105/0032—Pigments, colouring agents or opacifiyng agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
    • B29K2105/0044—Stabilisers, e.g. against oxydation, light or heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/065—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts containing impurities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/26—Scrap or recycled material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2711/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2601/00 - B29K2709/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2711/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2711/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2601/00 - B29K2709/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2711/14—Wood, e.g. woodboard or fibreboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2030/00—Pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/767—Printing equipment or accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to recycling plastics, metals and other materials.
  • plastics and related businesses represent the fourth largest industry in the United States, according to “Plastics in the USA”, Society of Plastics Industry, Washington, D.C. Unlike other material industries, such as steel and aluminum, however, this industry depends almost solely on nonrenewable raw material, mostly imported petroleum. This dependence becomes even more significant as the growth rate of plastics continues to outpace that of all other materials.
  • Durable goods such as automobiles, appliances and electronic equipment account for about one-third of the plastics in MSW.
  • Durable goods are increasingly being collected and partially recycled at the end of their useful lives to avoid disposal costs and potential liabilities, and to recover metals and other marketable raw materials.
  • Take-back and producer-responsibility legislation is also growing.
  • plastics from durable goods requires a plastic-rich raw material.
  • Automobiles, appliances and electronics generally contain more metal than plastic (typically plastic content is less than 30%), so a metal recovery operation must precede plastic recovery.
  • Most metal recovery operations shred equipment in order to cost-effectively liberate metal from whole parts.
  • a large-scale plastic recovery operation must be able to source this plastic-rich raw material from a number of metal recovery operations.
  • plastic-rich raw material is processed from a metal recovery operation such that it can be economically transported to a plastics recovery facility.
  • many waste streams contain significant amounts of metal, fluff, foam, fines, wood and paper that are not economical to ship to plastic recycling facilities since they are not generally target products.
  • the plastics-rich raw material is typically a shredded material, the particle size can be too large to achieve the high bulk density necessary for economical transport.
  • some of the metal found in the plastic-rich raw material can often be large enough to damage some types of size reduction equipment.
  • a number of techniques also exist for the removal of fluff, foam, fines and paper from plastic-rich streams.
  • Such devices include air aspirators, roll sorters, vacuum gravity tables and other devices.
  • the present invention provides a transportable plastics-recovery system that includes separation and grinding devices arranged to enable recovering plastic from durable goods.
  • the invention features methods and systems for providing a transportable system for separating materials in a waste stream.
  • An arrangement of separation and grinding devices are mounted on a transportable platform.
  • the devices are configured and arranged to produce three or more product streams from a plastic-rich feed mixture.
  • One of the product streams is a coarse heavy stream, one stream is a ground plastic-rich product stream, and one stream is a ground light material stream.
  • the arrangement can include an air separator for separating metal materials from the plastic-rich mixture, and a grinder in operable communication with the air separator such that at least a portion of a material exiting the separator enters the grinder.
  • the system can include a second separator mounted on the transportable platform in operable communication with the grinder.
  • the second separator can be configured to receive a ground material stream from the grinder and to separate at least one ground light material stream from the ground material stream.
  • the second separator can use air to separate a light fraction.
  • the system can include an auger or feeder configured to receive a product stream from the air separator, the grinder or the second separator.
  • the system can include one or more fans configured to push or pull material through the system.
  • the platform can be included in an enclosure housing the arrangement.
  • the platform can be included in a shipping container, a truck trailer, or a railroad car.
  • the invention features methods and systems for processing a plastic-rich mixture.
  • a transportable separation system including an arrangement of separation and grinding devices mounted on a transportable platform is delivered to a waste-goods location.
  • the system is operated to process a plastic rich-feed mixture to produce at least three product streams, the product streams including a coarse heavy stream, a ground plastic-rich product stream, and at least one ground light material stream.
  • the system is then removed from the waste-goods location.
  • the devices of the system can remain mounted on the transportable platform throughout the delivering, operating and removing steps.
  • the method can include transporting the ground plastic-rich product stream to a plastic recovery facility.
  • the invention provides a transportable plastics-recovery system including an arrangement of separation and grinding devices, mounted on a transportable platform, for recovering plastic from a waste stream.
  • Plastic-rich material is fed into a system with a feeder that first removes problematic metal contamination by air aspiration.
  • the plastic-enriched product is then transferred by an auger to a grinder that reduces the material in size such that it can pass through a screen that is somewhere between 10 and 60 mm.
  • the ground material is then sent through an air aspiration process to remove fluff, fines, paper, wood and other light materials.
  • a fan can provide the suction for the air aspiration device.
  • the bulk density of the final product is increased while also increasing the yield of desirable plastic materials.
  • the densified plastic product can then be cost-effectively shipped to a central plastic recovery facility.
  • the invention can be implemented to provide one or more of the following advantages.
  • the system is sized so that the arrangement of devices is compact enough to be relocated easily to adjust to changing waste-goods locations—for example, it can be sized to ship on a standard container, so that the system can be easily transported by road, rail or water.
  • the whole system is easily shipped as a complete unit. Since a single waste-goods location will often be large enough to source the system for only a short period, when the supply of plastic-rich waste material at one location is exhausted, the system can be moved to a new source location, even remote areas with minimal facilities. Easy, fast and economical setup of the system enables quick turn-around of the system.
  • the small, containerized design reduces noise, vibration, and dust generation. These features make the system flexible for easy movement and installation and mitigate environmental health and safety issues by reducing the impact on the environment where it is used. This makes permitting for operation much easier, increasing the effective mobility of the system.
  • the system can be advantageously located at a metal recovery facility that generates plastic-rich waste or byproducts of an average particle size from 10 mm to 200 mm.
  • a ground product can be enriched in certain varieties of plastics, since certain materials separate differently in an aspirator. Separation of metal-enriched byproducts at the metal recovery facility avoids the cost of shipping those materials multiple times.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic of one implementation of the equipment configuration used in a transportable material separation system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic of an alternative implementation of the equipment configuration.
  • FIG. 3 shows a representation of one of the implementations on a transportable platform.
  • FIG. 4 is an alternative view of one of the implementations on a transportable platform.
  • FIG. 5 is an overhead view of the transportable platform with equipment for processing mixed materials.
  • Collection sites for plastic containing products are not always close or convenient to a mixed material recovery facility, making transportation of the material to the recovery facility either unfeasible or prohibitively expensive.
  • the alternative, disposing of the materials is undesirable for environmental, economical, and space-related reasons.
  • the invention provides techniques and apparatus whereby, instead of transporting both the desired and undesired materials to the recovery facility, a portion of the plastic recovery facility can be brought to the materials to recover only the desired target materials.
  • An arrangement including a plurality of separation devices is mounted, either permanently or removably, on a platform that can be readily transported from one site to another.
  • the platform can be the base of a truck trailer, the base of a shipping container, the base of a railroad car, or another platform that can be easily loaded onto or into any of these transportable units.
  • the separation devices are securely fastened to the platform during transport to avoid any safety hazards or equipment damage.
  • the particular separation devices included in the arrangement can vary, and can be selected based on the goals of the off-site separation.
  • the system may be enclosed to reduce noise and vibration. Enclosing the system also controls dust. In another embodiment the system can be open for easy maintenance.
  • a plastic recovery facility can include a number of different types of recycling equipment that are selected for processing mixed materials based on the composition of the mixture.
  • a system according to one aspect of the invention includes an initial separator, a grinder, and one or more secondary separators. Plastic-rich material is fed into the first separator, which removes metal contaminants by air aspiration. The plastic-enriched product is then transferred to a grinder that reduces the material in size. The ground material is then sent through an air aspiration process to remove fluff, fines, paper, wood and other light materials.
  • Plastic separation processes often begin by liberating metals from the mixture. By removing the metals at the site where the mixed materials are collected, a portion of the mixture (much of the metals) need not be handled, stored, and transported to the plastic recovery facility.
  • the metal can be separated from the plastic using an air separator.
  • the air separator can be an air-leg separator, which is a single stage device that passes feed material into a rising column of air, or a vibratory deck with air rising through holes in the deck, or a separator which exposes the feed to a rising current of air. This air separator can be tuned to entrain the lighter components of the feed and allow heavier components to fall to a catch chamber or auger.
  • the rising column of air can be created by air blown in an upward direction or by use of suction or air recirculation.
  • the air-leg can be used to remove metals that damage the grinder, as well as plastics that are not intended for recovery at a plastic recovery facility. These heavy materials can be removed with an auger and are then available for reprocessing and metal recovery.
  • the entrained product from the air-leg can be deposited directly into a grinding chamber, such as a rotary grinder manufactured by Retech—Vecoplan of High Point, N.C., or plastic granulators manufactured by Herbold Meckesheim, GmbH, Meckesheim Germany.
  • a grinding chamber such as a rotary grinder manufactured by Retech—Vecoplan of High Point, N.C., or plastic granulators manufactured by Herbold Meckesheim, GmbH, Meckesheim Germany.
  • the grinding stage can be followed by a variety of different processes.
  • a second air aspirator can be used remove foam, fluff and fines from the mixture.
  • a cyclone can also be used for light material removal.
  • Various augers and feeders can be used to move the material from one stage of the separation to another, and valves, diverters, gates and airlocks can be used to separate the results of one portion of the recovery process from another.
  • a fan can be used to push or pull material through the system. The same fan, or a dedicated fan, can be used to collect dust liberated by the process to maintain cleanliness.
  • the system can additionally include a small air compressor to assist in maintenance and clean-up and to provide bursts of air to clean the filters of the dust collector.
  • Various bags, collectors and bins can be used to receive the results of the separation.
  • the various devices and processes can be automatically monitored and controlled. For example, the air pressures and amperage on the fan and grinder can be monitored.
  • the system can be configured to include a computerized control system to adjust feed, grinding and fan rates. The positions of the various valves can also be adjusted.
  • the computerized control system can be used to remotely monitor machine use, such as hours of use, to inform an operator when maintenance is required and how long the equipment has been run.
  • the system can also be configured to provide helpful information to diagnose problems.
  • the product from the system can be blown by a pneumatic conveyance to a bulk-loading vessel.
  • This vessel may be a large shipping container, a silo or a box or bag filling station. If a large shipping vessel is used, it can further reduce the cost of transporting the product by eliminating packaging.
  • a pneumatic conveyance system can be included such as that sold by Fox Valve Development Corp., Dover, N.J.
  • FIG. 1 One implementation of the equipment configuration used in a transportable material separation system 100 is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the mixed material is fed into hopper receiver 105 and is meter fed using feeder 110 controlled by a variable frequency drive 115 into air aspirator 120 .
  • the metal and waste reports out the bottom of air aspirator 120 while the light plastic-rich fraction floats in the rising column of air and reports to grinder 125 .
  • Grinder 125 reduces the size of the material to a more uniform size of approximately one-inch square.
  • Grinder 125 can be a single shaft rotary grinder that contains removable teeth inserts, a screen and a ram, such as that manufactured by Vecoplan of High Point, N.C., or other suitable grinder.
  • the ground product is removed from grinder 125 and delivered with auger 130 to air aspiration device 135 .
  • Device 135 is tuned to remove waste, foam, fluff and fines from the desired plastic-rich product material.
  • the product drops directly through aspirator 135 and into product delivery auger 140 .
  • the lights product, including any trapped dust that was picked up at the feeder and grinder, is delivered to cyclone 145 under negative pressure where cyclone 145 drops out the larger light particles.
  • Auger 150 located at the bottom of cyclone 145 , can require a hinged end-plate at its discharge to reduce air intake through the auger, which can otherwise tend to blow the light material out of the auger and back into cyclone 145 .
  • the hinged end-plate is pulled closed by the negative pressure and when material builds up at the discharge of auger 150 , the material pushes the hinge open, which allows the material to exit.
  • Fan 155 draws on cyclone 145 providing additional suction to evacuate feed vibrator 110 and grinder 125 .
  • the fan discharge can have a diversion leg that delivers a portion of the air to dust collector 160 . Since only a portion of the air is sent to the dust collector, the size of the collector can be kept at a minimum.
  • the fan discharge can send air to the lower air inlet of air leg separator 120 , so that the air enters the vertical
  • FIG. 2 An alternative implementation of an equipment configuration used in a transportable material separation system 200 is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a box dumper 205 allows the system to be fed from large shipping boxes that are approximately one cubic yard.
  • Receiving bin 210 receives the material and auger 215 (or a conveyor) removes the material.
  • This unit can be speed controlled to control flow rate using a variable frequency drive 220 .
  • the material is delivered to vibratory feeder 225 , which spreads the material and provides a single layer where the individual pieces of the material are substantially free of one another to the first air aspirator or airleg 230 .
  • Aspirator 230 has its own dedicated fan to provide motive air to produce a rising air column.
  • Air aspirator 230 removes metal and dense materials that are troublesome to grind and this material is sent out the bottom to an auger 235 , through a diverter valve 240 , and into one of two collection boxes 245 .
  • the light, plastic-rich material rises in air column of air aspirator 230 and reports to grinder 250 .
  • the ground material is transferred through augers 255 and 260 to a second air aspirator or air classifier 265 that removes the light material. Blast gate 270 controls this separation. Heavy plastic product reports out the bottom of air classifier 265 into auger 275 through diverter 280 , and into one of two collection bags 285 .
  • the system includes a dust collector 290 with a rotary valve airlock 295 and a waste delivery auger 300 that delivers lights, fluff, foam and fines to a box.
  • the dust collector 290 is supplied with an air compressor 305 for cleaning and purging the filters.
  • a dedicated fan is provided for the dust collection system 310 , and can also be used for air classifier 265 . Dust is collected from various points in the process to maintain cleanliness.
  • FIGS. 3-5 show various views of the implementation described in FIG. 2 when mounted on a platform for transporting the system.
  • Table 1 shows the percent of metal in each stream that was rejected to the heavy stream of the air-leg separator and the percent of total plastic that was lost during the processing. For both streams, the air-leg separator removed most of the metal without a significant loss of plastic.
  • Coarsely shredded plastic-rich material from appliances was processed through an air-leg separator.
  • the separator was tuned to remove nearly all of the large metal (defined as larger than 25 mm in any dimension) that might be harmful to grinding while minimizing the loss of plastic.
  • Table 2 shows the effectiveness of removing large and small metal pieces. The data show that nearly all of the large metal was removed while removing only a small fraction of small metal and very little of the total plastic.
  • a coarsely shredded plastic-rich material from appliances was first separated into “light” and “heavy” streams using an air-leg separator.
  • the “light” material was passed through a grinder with a 25.4 mm (one inch) screen.
  • Table 3 shows the bulk densities of the feed, “heavy” byproduct and ground “light ” product. Bulk densities were calculated by weighing the amount of material in boxes and determining the volume by measuring the height of the material filling the boxes. The feed in this case did not contain a significant portion of fluff and fines, so no bulk density change would be expected from an air aspiration stage following grinding. The ground “light ” product had a significantly higher bulk density than either the feed or the “heavy” byproduct.
  • the “heavy” fraction from the air-leg is enriched in metal, rubber, circuit boards, thick and dense plastics.
  • the thick and dense plastics are also often glass filled, which is frequently less desirable as a feed for a plastic recovery facility.
  • plastic-rich streams found at metal shredding operations have been observed to contain up to 40% by weight or more of foam. This foam takes up such a large fraction of the total volume that it is very expensive to ship the plastic-rich product.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
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JP2010234814A (ja) 2010-10-21
JP4695876B2 (ja) 2011-06-08
EP1578575A4 (en) 2011-11-23
US20040159593A1 (en) 2004-08-19
AU2003254115A8 (en) 2008-08-28
WO2004009312A2 (en) 2004-01-29
AU2003254115A1 (en) 2004-02-09
CN101043951B (zh) 2010-06-23
EP1578575B1 (en) 2015-09-09
JP2006507107A (ja) 2006-03-02
WO2004009312A3 (en) 2008-07-10
EP1578575A2 (en) 2005-09-28

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