US7314888B1 - Compounds and medicinal use thereof - Google Patents

Compounds and medicinal use thereof Download PDF

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US7314888B1
US7314888B1 US09/830,559 US83055999A US7314888B1 US 7314888 B1 US7314888 B1 US 7314888B1 US 83055999 A US83055999 A US 83055999A US 7314888 B1 US7314888 B1 US 7314888B1
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Hisaaki Chaki
Tadakazu Takakura
Keiichi Tsuchida
Hironori Kotsubo
Yukihiko Aikawa
Shuichi Hirono
Shunichi Shiozawa
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Toyama Chemical Co Ltd
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Toyama Chemical Co Ltd
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Assigned to TOYAMA CHEMICAL CO., LTD. reassignment TOYAMA CHEMICAL CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AIKAWA, YUKIHIKO, CHAKI, HISAAKI, HIRONO, SHUICHI, KOTSUBO, HIRONORI, SHIOZAWA, SHUNICHI, TAKAKURA, TADAKAZU, TSUCHIDA, KEIICHI, YOKOTANI, JUNICHI
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Definitions

  • This invention relates to compounds that inhibit the activity of transcription factor AP-1, salts thereof, agents containing these compounds and/or useful for preventing and treating the diseases into which an overexpression of AP-1 participates, AP-1 inhibitor, and a method for inhibiting the AP-1 activity.
  • DNA constituting the essentiality of gene is regulated by various factors and thereby its genetic information is controlled. That is, the transcription from DNA to mRNA is controlled and regulated by a plurality of DNA binding proteins which recognize the sequence of several to dozens of bases on the gene and combine thereto.
  • AP-1 known as one of such DNA binding proteins was identified as an important transcription factor dealing with proliferation of cells (Biochem. Biophys. Acta, Vol. 1072, Pages 129-157, 1991). Further, in some succeeding studies, it became apparent that AP-1 extensively participates in the induction of the expression of many genes and in the control and regulation of biological phenomena.
  • AP-1 When AP-1 binds to AP-1 binding sequence (5′-TGAGTCA-3′) on genes, it exhibits a function as a transcription factor.
  • proteins such as collagenases, stromelysin, metallothionein, interleukin-2 and the like and viruses such as SV40, polyoma virus and the like are known (Cell, Vol. 49, Pages 729-739, 1987).
  • therapeutic drugs for may diseases therapeutic drugs for controlling the function of proteins participating in the pathology such as enzymes and receptors have been developed. It is considered that, however, in the diseases caused by a quantitative abnormality of functional molecules existing in cells or on cell membranes, a treatment in the true sense is to control the quantity of transcription of the genes of the functional molecule and normalize the quantity of its expression rather than to control the activity of the functional molecules.
  • the gene expression and production of these functional proteins are controlled by a plurality of transcription factors. Since a transcription binding AP-1 sequence is common to exist in the promoter region of many genes, it is expected that various diseases may be effectively treated by controlling the AP-1 activity.
  • Steroidal agents used as therapeutic drugs for various diseases are known to exhibit a controlling action at the stage of expression of gene through intermediation of a glucocorticoid receptor.
  • steroidal agents inhibit the activity of AP-1 and suppresses the production of cytokines and other proteins (Cell, Vol. 62, Pages 1189-1204, 1990).
  • the use of steroidal agents are restricted from the viewpoint of hormone actions and side effects, and their side effects have a problem when they are administered excessively and/or for a long period of time.
  • N 1 represents an atom to which a donative hydrogen atom in a hydrogen-bond donating group is bonded or a hydrogen-bond accepting atom in a hydrogen-bond accepting group
  • N 3 represents a hydrogen-bond accepting atom in a hydrogen bond accepting group
  • N 2 , N 4 and N 5 independently represent an arbitrary carbon atom constituting a hydrophobic group and the distance between N 1 and N 2 is not less than 5 angstroms and not more than 12 angstroms, the distance between N 1 and N 3 is not less than 9 angstroms and not more than 15 angstroms, the distance between N 1 and N 4 is not less than 3 angstroms and not more than 13 angstroms, the distance between N 1 and N 5 is not less than 8 angstroms and not more than 16 angstroms, the distance between N 2 and N 3 is not less than 3 angstroms and not more than 10 angstroms, the distance between N 2 and N 4 is not less than 6 angstroms and not more than 14 angstroms
  • a peptide having 10 residues represented by the following amino acid sequence: Ac-Cys 1 -Gly 2 -AA 3 -AA 4 -AA 5 -AA 6 -AA 7 -AA 8 -Gly 9 -Cys 10 -NH 2 [2; SEQ ID NO:1] wherein Ac represents an acetyl group, AA 3 represents a polar amino acid residue, AA 4 , AA 6 and AA 7 independently represent a hydrophobic amino acid residue, AA 5 represents an amino acid residue having carboxyl group or hydroxyl group on side chain thereof, and AA 8 represents an arbitrary amino acid residue; and having a disulfide linkage between the first and tenth cysteine residues; or salts thereof;
  • a peptide having 10 or 11 residues represented by the following amino acid sequence: Ac-aa 0 -Cys 1 -Gly 2 -aa 3 -aa 4 -aa 5 -aa 6 -aa 7 -Gly 8 -aa 9 -Cys 10 -NH 2 [2b, SEQ ID NO:2] wherein Ac represents an acetyl group, aa 0 represents an arbitrary amino acid residue or a bonding unit, aa 3 represents a polar amino acid residue, aa 4 , aa 5 and aa 7 independently represent a hydrophobic amino acid residue, aa 6 represents an arbitrary amino acid residue, and aa 9 represents an amino acid residue having carboxyl group or hydroxyl group on side chain thereof; provided that when aa 0 is a bonding unit, a disulfide linkage exists between the 2nd and 11th cysteine residues; or salts thereof;
  • R 1 represents halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, acylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino or heterocyclic group; R 3 represents halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected carboxyl group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group, carbamoyl group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl
  • X 1 represents —C(O)—, —CH(OH)—, —CH 2 — or a group of any one of the following formulas:
  • R 21 represents unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, acyl or heterocycle-lower alkyl group
  • R 22 and R 23 may be the same or different and independently represent hydrogen atom, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, acyl, carbamoyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl or heterocyclic group
  • R 24 and R 25 may be the same or different and independently represent hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected carboxyl group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aral
  • R 7 represents hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected carboxyl group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, acylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino or heterocyclic group; R 8 represents hydrogen atom, unprotected or protected amino group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryl
  • R 9 and R 10 may be the same or different and independently represent halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected carboxyl group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, acylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkanoyloxy, arylsulfonylamino or heterocyclic group; or salts thereof;
  • R 15 and R 16 may be the same or different and independently represent hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected carboxyl group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, acylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino or heterocyclic group;
  • X 3 represents —C(O)—; and ring B represents a group of the following formula:
  • R 17 represents hydrogen atom or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylsulfonyl or heterocyclic group
  • R 18 represents hydrogen atom or a protecting group for carboxyl group
  • p represents 0, 1 or 2; or salts thereof;
  • R 1a represents halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, acylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino or heterocyclic group; R 3a and R 4a may be the same or different and independently represent halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected carboxyl group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl,
  • R 21a represents unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, acyl or heterocycle-lower alkyl group
  • R 22a and R 23a may be the same or different and independently represent hydrogen atom, or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, acyl, carbamoyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl or heterocyclic group
  • R 24a and R 25a may be the same or different and independently represent hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected carboxyl group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl,
  • R 1b represents halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, acylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino or heterocyclic group;
  • R 2b represents hydrogen atom or a protecting group for carboxyl group;
  • R 3b and R 4b may be the same or different and independently represent cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected carboxyl group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected
  • R 1c represents halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, acylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino or heterocyclic group;
  • R 2c represents hydrogen atom or a protecting group for carboxyl group;
  • R 3c and R 4c may be the same or different and independently represent halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected carboxyl group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl
  • R 1d represents halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, acylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino or heterocyclic group;
  • R 2d represents hydrogen atom or a protecting group for carboxyl group;
  • R 3d represents hydrogen atom or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl group;
  • R 4d represents al
  • R 0e represents hydrogen atom, halogen atom, nitro group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonylamino or arylsulfonylamino group;
  • R 1e represents unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl or alkylsulfonyl group;
  • R 2e represents hydrogen atom or a protecting group for carboxyl group;
  • R 3e and R 4e may be the same or different and independently represent hydrogen atom, halogen atom, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alky
  • R 1f represents halogen atom, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, mercapto group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, acylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino or heterocyclic group;
  • R 2f represents hydrogen atom or a protecting group for carboxyl group;
  • R 3f and R 4f may be the same or different and independently represent hydrogen atom or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl group;
  • X 1f represents —C(O)—, —CH(OH)— or —CH 2 —; and Z f represents —(CH 2 ) n f — (
  • R 1g and R 4g may be the same or different and independently represent unprotected or protected hydroxyl group or unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy group;
  • X 1g represents —C(O)—, —CH(OH)— or —CH 2 —;
  • Z g represents —(CH 2 ) n g — (n g represents 1 or 2); and
  • R 2g represents hydrogen atom or a protecting group for carboxyl group; or salts thereof;
  • the present inventors took out only the three-dimensional structure of transcription factor AP-1 from the three-dimensional structure of a partial structure containing the DNA binding site of AP-1 and its binding sequence (oligonucleotide containing 5′-TGAGTCA-3′) (Nature, Vol. 373, Pages 257-261, 1995) by using the molecular modeling software “SYBYL” (TRIPOS Co., USA), and searched for a compound binding to AP-1 and antagonistic to the AP-1 binding sequence. As its result, it was found that a peptide of the following formula:
  • AP-1 can bind to with AP-1 and have an antagonistic activity to the AP-1 binding sequence.
  • nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of peptide [2a; SEQ ID NO:3] was measured, and the result was treated according to a structural analysis software X-PLOR (MSI Co., USA) to obtain a plurality of three-dimensional structures of peptide [2a; SEQ ID NO:3] in water experimentally (Shinsei Kagaku Jikken Koza I, Proteins III, Pages 139-147, 1990, published by Tokyo Kagaku Dojin).
  • N 1 represents an atom to which a donative hydrogen atom in a hydrogen-bond donating group is bonded or a hydrogen-bond accepting atom in a hydrogen-bond accepting group
  • N 3 represents a hydrogen-bond accepting atom in a hydrogen-bond accepting group
  • N 2 , N 4 and N 5 independently represent an arbitrary carbon atom constituting a hydrophobic group, constitute a pharmacophore necessary for the binding to AP-1 and the expression of an antagonistic activity to AP-1 binding sequence (Souyaku Kagaku, Kagaku Dojin, Pages 11-13, 1995).
  • N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 which are selected therefrom in these 25 three-dimensional structures, and which constitute the pharmacophore necessary for the binding to AP-1 and the expression of the antagonistic activity to AP-1 binding sequence were measured.
  • N 1 the nitrogen atom or oxygen atom of amide group was taken into consideration.
  • N 2 the four carbon atoms of isobutyl group were taken into consideration.
  • N 3 the two oxygen atoms of carboxyl group were taken into consideration.
  • N 4 the four carbon atoms of isobutyl group were taken into consideration.
  • N 5 the carbon atom of methyl group was taken into consideration.
  • N 1 represents an atom to which to a donative hydrogen atom in the hydrogen-bond donating group is bonded or a hydrogen-bond accepting atom in the hydrogen-bond accepting group
  • N 3 represents a hydrogen-bond accepting atom in the hydrogen-bond accepting group
  • N 2 , N 4 and N 5 independently represent an arbitrary carbon atom constituting a hydrophobic group
  • the distance between N 1 and N 2 is not less than 5 angstroms and not more than 12 angstroms
  • the distance between N 1 and N 3 is not less than 9 angstroms and not more than 15 angstroms
  • the distance between N 1 and N 4 is not less than 3 angstroms and not more than 13 angstroms
  • the distance between N 1 and N 5 is not less than 8 angstroms and not more than 16 angstroms
  • the distance between N 2 and N 3 is not less than 3 angstroms and not more than 10 angstroms
  • the distance between N 2 and N 4 is not less than 6 angstroms and not more than 14
  • N 1 represents an atom bonded to a donative hydrogen atom in the hydrogen-bond donating group or a hydrogen-bond accepting atom in the hydrogen-bond accepting group
  • N 3 represents a hydrogen-bond accepting atom in the hydrogen bond-accepting group
  • N 2 , N 4 and N 5 independently represent an arbitrary carbon atom constituting a hydrophobic group
  • the distance between N 1 and N 2 is not less than 5 angstroms and not more than 12 angstroms
  • the distance between N 1 and N 3 is not less than 9 angstroms and not more than 15 angstroms
  • the distance between N 1 and N 4 is not less than 3 angstroms and not more than 13 angstroms
  • the distance between N 1 and N 5 is not less than 8 angstroms and not more than 16 angstroms
  • the distance between N 2 and N 3 is not less than 3 angstroms and not more than 10 angstroms
  • the distance between N 2 and N 4 is not less than 6 angstroms and not more than 14 ang
  • the compounds of this invention inhibit the binding activity of transcription factor AP-1. That is, the compounds of this invention antagonistically inhibit the bind of AP-1 to the AP-1-recognizing sequence on DNA, and thereby suppress the transcription of AP-1-related DNA, and thereby can reduce the expression of protein corresponding to said genes having AP-1 binding sequence.
  • the compounds of this invention can suppress the expression of gene in tissue-destroying enzymes such as collagenase, stromelysin, gelatinases and the like; cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-3, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, TNF ⁇ , granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), monocyte chemotactic factor (MCP-1) and the like; cell surface molecule groups such as interleukin-2 receptor, immunoglobulins, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors and the like; growth factors such as monocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), nervous growth factor (NGF) and the like; proteins such as metallothionein, collagens, osteocalcin, amyloid precursor proteins, apolipoprotein-1 and the like; and viruses such as SV40, polyo
  • various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic erythematosus, scleroderma, Behchet's disease, rheumatic fever, polymyositis, polyarteritis nodosa, Sjoegren's syndrome, active chronic hepatitis, glomerulonephritis and the like; various intractable diseases basically with inflammations such as osteoarthritis, gout, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, lung diseases with granuloma, various encephalitis, and the like; lung diseases with granuloma such as pneumonitis; endotoxin shock; sepsis; inflammatory colitis; diabetes mellitus; acute myeloblastic leukemia; encephalomyelitis; acute hepatitis; chronic hepatitis; drug-induced hepatitis; alcoholic hepatitis;
  • halogen atom used in this specification means fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom and iodine atom
  • alkyl group means straight or branched chain C 1-2 alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl and the like
  • lower alkyl group means straight or branched chain C 1-6 alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl and the like
  • halogeno lower alkyl group means straight or branched chain halogeno-C
  • alkenyl group means straight or branched chain C 2-12 alkenyl groups such as vinyl, allyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl and the like; “lower alkenyl group” means straight or branched chain C 2-6 alkenyl groups such as vinyl, allyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, pentenyl and the like; “cycloalkyl group” means C 3-6 cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like; “ar-lower alkyl group” means ar-C 1-6 alkyl groups such as benzyl, diphenylmethyl, trityl, phenethyl and the like;
  • aryl group means phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl and the like; “aralkyl group” means benzyl, diphenylmethyl, trityl, phenethyl, 4-methylbenzyl, naphthylmethyl and the like; “aryloxy group” means phenoxy, naphthoxy and the like; “aryloxycarbonyl group” means phenoxycarbonyl, naphthoxycarbonyl and the like;
  • alkoxy group means straight or branched chain C 1-12 alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy and the like; “lower alkoxy group” means straight or branched chain C 1-6 alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butyoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy and the like; “alkoxycarbonyl group” means straight or branched chain C 1-12 alkoxycarbonyl groups such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, n-butoxycarbonyl
  • lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group means straight or branched chain C 1-6 alkoxycarbonyl-C 1-6 alkyl groups such as methoxycarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, n-propoxycarbonylmethyl, methoxycarbonylethyl, ethoxycarbonylethyl and the like; “lower alkoxyimino group” means straight or branched chain C 1-6 alkoxyimino groups such as methoxyimino, ethoxyimino and the like; “alkylamino group” means straight or branched chain C 1-12 alkylamino groups such as methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, butylamino, pentylamino, hexylamino, heptylamino, octylamino and the like; “lower alkylamino group” means straight or branched chain mono- or di-C 1-6 alkyla
  • acyl group inclusively means straight or branched chain C 2-12 alkanoyl groups such as formyl, acetyl, isovaleryl, propionyl and the like, aralkylcarbonyl groups such as benzylcarbonyl and the like, aroyl groups such as benzoyl, naphthoyl and the like, and heterocycle-carbonyl groups such as nicotinoyl, thenoyl, pyrrolidinocarbonyl, furoylcarbonyl and the like; “acylamino group” means C 1-6 acylamino groups such as formylamino, acetylamino, propionylamino, butyrylamino and the like; “alkanoyloxy group” means C 2-12 alkanoyloxy groups such as acetyloxy, propionyloxy and the like;
  • cyclic amino group may be any of saturated cyclic amino groups and unsaturated cyclic amino groups, and may contain one or more hetero atoms such as nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms and the like and carbonyl carbon atoms additionally in the ring thereof, and may be any of monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic groups, which more specifically include saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic, 3- to 7-membered cyclic amino groups having one nitrogen atom such as aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolin-1-yl, pyrrol-1-yl, dihydropyridin-1-yl, piperidino, dihydroazepin-1-yl, perhydroazepin-1-yl and the like; saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic, 3- to 7-membered cyclic amino groups having 2 nitrogen atoms such as imidazol-1-yl, imidazolidin-1-y
  • alkylthio group means straight or branched chain C 1-12 alkylthio groups such as methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio, pentylthio, isopentylthio, hexylthio, heptylthio, octylthio and the like; “lower alkylthio group” means straight or branched chain C 1-6 alkylthio groups such as methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio, pentylthio, isopentylthio and the like; “alkylsulfinyl
  • heterocycle-lower alkyl group means heterocycle-CH 2 — group and the like such as pyrrolidinylmethyl, piperidylmethyl, piperazinylmethyl, pyrazolylmethyl, tetrahydropyridylmethyl, morpholinylmethyl, thiomorpholinylmethyl, tetrahydro-quinolinylmethyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinylmethyl, quinacridinylmethyl, tetrazolylmethyl, thiadiazolylmethyl, pyrazolidinylmethyl, purinylmethyl, indazolylmethyl, 2-thienylmethyl, 2-furfurylmethyl, 2-pyranylmethyl, 1-isobenzofurylmethyl, 2-pyrrolylmethyl, 1-imidazolylmethyl, 1-pyrazolylmethyl, 3-isothiazolylmethyl, 3-isoxazolylmethyl, 2-pyridylmethyl, 2-pyrazinylmethyl, 2-pyrimidinylmethyl, 2-
  • Nonrogen-containing heterocyclic group means 5- or 6-membered ring, fused ring or crosslinked ring type heterocyclic groups which contain at least one nitrogen atoms as hetero atoms constituting the ring and may contain at least one oxygen atom or sulfur atom in addition to said nitrogen atoms, such as pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, tetrahydropyridyl, pyrimidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, quinolyl, quinolizinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydro-isoquinolinyl, quinacridinyl, thiazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl,
  • protecting group for carboxyl group all the groups which can conventionally be used as a protecting group for carboxyl group can be referred to.
  • alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl and the like; aryl groups such as phenyl, naphthyl and the like; aralkyl groups such as benzyl, diphenylmethyl, trityl, p-nitrobenzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, bis(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl and the like; acyl-alkyl groups such as acetylmethyl, benzoylmethyl, p-nitrobenzoylmethyl, p-bromobenzoylmethyl, p-methanesulfonylbenzoylmethyl and the like; oxygen-containing heterocyclic groups such as 2-tetrahydro
  • protecting group for amino group all the groups which can conventionally be used as a protecting group for amino group can be referred to.
  • examples thereof include acyl groups such as trichloroethoxycarbonyl, tribromoethoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, o-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, (mono-, di- and tri-)chloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, phenylacetyl, formyl, acetyl, benzoyl, tert-amyloxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-(phenylazo)-benzyloxycarbonyl, 2-furfuryloxycarbonyl, diphenylmethoxycarbonyl, 1,1-dimethylpropoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbony
  • protecting group for hydroxyl group all the groups which can conventionally be used as a protecting group for hydroxyl group can be referred to.
  • examples thereof include acyl groups such as benzyloxycarbonyl, 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, 1,1-dimethylpropoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, isobutyloxycarbonyl, diphenylmethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-tribromoethoxycarbonyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(phenylsulfonyl)-ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(triphenylphosphonio)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-furfuryloxy
  • amino acid residue means a structure —NHCHRCO— which appears when an amino acid is incorporated into a protein or peptide while forming a peptide bond with loss of a water molecule, wherein R represents an amino acid side chain.
  • amino acid means an L-amino acid and a D-amino acid, namely compounds having carboxyl group and amino group in one molecule, unless otherwise defined.
  • amino acid examples include glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, threonine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine, methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, proline, cysteine, homocysteine, ⁇ -alanine, ⁇ -aminobutyric acid, ornithine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and the like.
  • amino acids and amino acid residues the three letters expression prescribed by IUPAC and IUB is used.
  • polar amino acid means amino acids such as asparagine, glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, tyrosine, lysine, arginine, histidine, citrulline, homocitrulline, homoserine, hydroxyproline, ⁇ -hydroxyvaline, ornithine and the like, for example.
  • hydrophobic amino acid means amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, glycine, methionine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan, norleucine, norvaline, ⁇ -aminobutyric acid, ⁇ -cyclohexylalanine and the like, for example.
  • the compounds of general formulas [2], [2b], [3], [4], [5], [a], [b], [c], [d], [e], [f] and [g] or salts thereof conventionally known salts at the site of basic group such as amino group and the like and conventionally known salts at the site of acidic group such as hydroxyl group, carboxyl group and the like can be referred to.
  • salts at the site of basic group for example, salts of mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid and the like, salts of organic carboxylic acids such as tartaric acid, formic acid, citric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like, and salts of sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, mesitylenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and the like can be referred to.
  • mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid and the like
  • organic carboxylic acids such as tartaric acid, formic acid, citric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like
  • saltsulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluen
  • salts at the site of acidic group for example, salts of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and the like, salts of alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium and the like, ammonium salts, and salts of nitrogen-containing organic bases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, diethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-benzyl- ⁇ -phenethylamine, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine and the like can be referred to.
  • alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and the like
  • salts of alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium and the like
  • ammonium salts and salts of nitrogen-containing organic bases
  • nitrogen-containing organic bases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine,
  • salts mentioned above preferable salts of the compound conforming to the pharmacophore of formula 1 and the compounds of formulas [2], [2b], [3], [4], [5], [a], [b], [c], [d], [e], [f] and [g], pharmacologically acceptable ones can be referred to.
  • the “hydrogen-bond accepting atom in hydrogen-bond accepting group” may be any atom, so far as it has an unshared electron pair. Examples thereof include the oxygen atom of carbonyl group, the sulfur atom of thiocarbonyl group, the nitrogen atom of unsubstituted or substituted imino group, the oxygen atom of sulfonic group, the oxygen atom of sulfonyl group, the oxygen atom of sulfinyl group, the oxygen atom of sulfonyloxy group, the oxygen atom of carboxyl group, the oxygen atom of ether, the sulfur atom of thioether, the oxygen atom of hydroxyl group, the oxygen atom of ester, the nitrogen atom to which no hydrogen atom is bonded in an unsubstituted or substituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, the nitrogen atom of sulfonamido group, the nitrogen atom of acylsulfonamido group, etc.
  • the carbon atom of alkyl group, the carbon atom of alkenyl group, the carbon atom of aryl group, the carbon atom of alkoxy group and the like can be referred to, and preferably the carbon atom of branched chain-like alkyl group, the carbon atom of alkenyl group and the carbon atom of alkoxy group can be referred to.
  • optically ⁇ means the energy-minimized structure obtained by a usual geometry optimization calculation (Keisan kagaku Njumon, Kodansha, Page 55, 1994) according to a calculation program such as SYBYL (TRIPOS, USA) or the like.
  • substituents cyano group, nitro group, unprotected or protected carboxyl group, unprotected or protected hydroxyl group, unprotected or protected amino group, lower alkyl group, lower alkoxy group, lower alkoxycarbonyl group, acyl group, aryl group, cycloalkyl group, lower alkenyl group, aralkyl group, lower alkylidene group, mercapto group, lower alkylthio group, halogeno-lower alkyl group, lower alkoxy-lower alkyl group, unprotected or protected hydroxy-lower alkyl group, unprotected or protected amino-lower alkyl group, lower alkoxycarbonyl-lower alkyl group, unprotected or protected cyclic amino group, unprotected or protected lower alkylamino group, lower alkoxyimino group, and unprotected or protected lower alkylamino-lower alkyl group.
  • the distances between the atoms constituting the pharmacophore are as follows, namely the distance between N 1 and N 2 is not less than 5.09 angstroms and not more than 11.67 angstroms, the distance between N 1 and N 3 is not less than 9.47 angstroms and not more than 14.30 angstroms, the distance between N 1 and N 4 is not less than 3.48 angstroms and not more than 12.60 angstroms, the distance between N 1 and N 5 is not less than 8.77 angstroms and not more than 15.67 angstroms, the distance between N 2 and N 3 is not less than 3.78 angstroms and not more than 9.78 angstroms, the distance between N 2 and N 4 is not less than 6.97 angstroms and not more than 13.26 angstroms, the distance between N 2 and N 5 is not less than 9.37 angstroms and not more than 13.32
  • AA 3 is L-asparagine residue or L-glutamine residue
  • AA 4 , AA 6 and AA 7 are L-leucine residue, L-isoleucine residue, L-alanine residue or L-valine residue
  • AA 5 is L-aspartic acid residue, L-glutamic acid residue, L-serine residue or L-threonine residue.
  • aa 3 is L-asparagine residue or L-glutamine residue
  • aa 4 , aa 5 and aa 7 are L-leucine residue, L-isoleucine residue, L-alanine residue or L-valine residue
  • aa 9 is L-aspartic acid residue, L-glutamic acid residue, L-serine residue or L-threonine residue.
  • W is —Z′—COOR 2 —, —Z′—CONH—SO 2 R 28′ —, —CONH—CH 2 COOR 2′ — or —CONH—CH 2 CH 2 COOR 2′
  • Z′ represents —(CH 2 ) n′ — in which n′ is 0, 1 or 2 or —CH ⁇ CH—
  • R 28′ represents unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group
  • R 2′ represents hydrogen atom or a protecting group for carboxyl group
  • X 1 represents —C(O)—, —CH(OH)— or —CH 2 —
  • R 1 is unprotected or protected hydroxyl group or unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy group
  • R 3 is unprotected or protected hydroxyl group or unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy group
  • R 4 is unprotected or protected hydroxyl group or
  • R 5 is alkoxy group or acylamino group
  • ring A is a group represented by the following formula:
  • R 13 is alkyl or alkoxycarbonyl group and R 14 is alkoxy or alkanoyloxy group.
  • R 15 and R 16 are the same or different and represent alkoxy group
  • ring B represents the following formula:
  • R 19 represents acyl group
  • R 20 represents a protecting group for carboxyl group
  • p represents 0, 1 or 2.
  • R 1a is unprotected or protected hydroxyl group or unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy group
  • R 3a and R 4a are the same or different and represent unprotected or protected hydroxyl group or unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy group
  • X 1a represents —C(O)—, —CH(OH)—, —CH 2 — or the following formulas:
  • R 21a′ represents unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aralkyl or heterocycle-lower alkyl group
  • R 24a′ and R 25a′ are the same or different and represent hydrogen atom, unprotected or protected carboxyl group or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl or carbamoyl group
  • W a represents —Z a′ —COR 26a′ , —Z a′ —COOR 2a′ , —O—CH 2 COOR 2a′ , —O—CH 2 CH 2 —COOR 2a′ , —CONH—CH 2 COOR 2a′ or —CONH—CH 2 CH 2 COOR 2a′
  • Z a′ represents —(CH 2 ) n a′ wherein n a′ is 0, 1, 2 or 3, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—, —CH ⁇ CH— or —CH 2 CH ⁇ CH
  • R 1b represents unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy group
  • R 3b and R 4b are the same or different and represent unprotected or protected hydroxyl group or unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy group
  • X 1b is —C(O)—
  • Z b is —(CH 2 ) 2 —.
  • R 1c represents unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy group
  • R 2c represents hydrogen atom or a protecting group for carboxyl group
  • R 3c and R 4c may be the same or different and represent unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy group
  • X 1c is —C(O)—
  • Z c is —(CH 2 ) 2 —.
  • R 0e is hydrogen atom or halogen atom
  • R 1e is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group
  • R 3e and R 4e independently represent unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy group
  • X 1e is —C(O)—
  • Z e is a bonding unit.
  • R 1f is unsubstituted or substituted alkoxy group
  • R 3f and R 4f independently represent unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group
  • X 1f is —C(O)—
  • Z f is —CH 2 —.
  • the compound of this invention are produced by combining the processes which are well known in themselves, and, for example, according to the Production Processes 1 to 20.
  • AA 3 and AA 8 are as defined above, Ac is acetyl group, Y 1 is an optionally used protecting group for cysteine, and Y 3 and Y 8 independently represent a protecting group for functional group in the side chain of amino acid, provided that amino acid residues are expressed according to the three letters expression prescribed in IUPAC and IUB.
  • the peptide of this invention is produced by a liquid phase method or a solid phase method according to a combination of methods which are well known in themselves (Izumiya et al., Fundamentals and Experiments of Peptide Syntheses, Pages 194-283, published by Maruzen Shuppan).
  • the peptide-bonded resin of general formula [7; SEQ ID NO:1] can be obtained by subjecting the resin of general formula [6] to a solid phase method.
  • the construction of peptide chain by solid phase method is carried out by repeating a condensation of amino acid having an amino acid functional group protected with appropriate protecting group and de-protection of the protecting group of ⁇ -amino acid. Condensation of amino acid is carried out successively one by one from the terminal amino acid according to the order of amino acids in the sequence to be synthesized.
  • the procedure of the solid phase method will be mentioned below.
  • a series of reactions used therein are preferably carried out in an atmosphere of nitrogen. Any of the manual method and the method of using an automatic synthesizing apparatus may be adopted.
  • a peptide-bonded resin having a protected N terminal can be obtained by condensing a resin with an amino acid derivative. Concretely speaking, a resin is introduced into a reactor, and a solvent is added to swell the resin. After filtering off the solvent, an amino acid derivative and a condensing agent are added, a solvent is again added, and a reaction is carried out.
  • the resin of general formula [6] used in this reaction those resins which are conventionally used in the solid phase method can be referred to.
  • examples thereof include benzhydrylamine resin, 4-methylbenzhydrylamine resin, Rink amide resin and the like.
  • the solvents used in this reaction include N,N-dimethylformamide, dichloromethane, chloroform, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like.
  • the amount of the solvent is not critical, it is 5-100 ml and preferably 5-20 ml per gram of resin when the solvent is used for swelling a resin, and the amount of solvent is 5-100 ml and preferably 5-50 ml per gram of resin when the solvent is used for reaction.
  • the amino acid derivatives used in this reaction are those in which ⁇ -amino acid is protected with t-butyloxycarbonyl group (Boc), 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) or the like.
  • the protecting groups for functional group in side chain are as follows. Thus, for protecting the side chain carboxyl group of aspartic acid and glutamic acid, t-butyl ester group, benzyl ester group, cyclohexyl ester group and the like are used. For protecting the side chain hydroxyl group of serine, threonine and tyrosine, t-butyl group, benzyl group, 2,6-dibromobenzyl group and the like are used.
  • Preferable amino acid derivative is Fmoc-amino acid.
  • condensing agents which can be used in this reaction, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBROP) and the like can be referred to.
  • the condensing agent may be used in an amount of 1-10 equivalents per equivalent of amino group in the resin.
  • an amine such as diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine or the like may be added in an amount of 1-5 equivalents per equivalent of the condensing agent.
  • an active ester-forming agent such as N-hydroxybenzotriazole, N-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole or the like may be added in an amount of 0.5-2 equivalents per equivalent of the condensing agent.
  • the reaction is carried out usually at 10-40° C. and preferably 20-30° C., for a period of 5-120 minutes.
  • the peptide of which N terminal is de-protected can be obtained by reacting the ⁇ -amino protecting group of peptide-bonded resin having a protected N terminal in the presence of de-protecting agent to eliminate the protecting group.
  • a peptide-bonded resin of which N terminal is protected is reacted with an acid or a base in the presence or absence of a solvent.
  • the de-protecting agent used in this reaction is appropriately selected in accordance with the kind of ⁇ -amino protecting group.
  • Boc group an acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid or the like is used.
  • the protecting group is Fmoc group, a base such as piperidine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene or the like is used.
  • the solvents used in this reaction are not limited so far as they exercise no adverse influence upon the reaction.
  • dichloromethane, dichloroethane and the like are used.
  • N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like are used.
  • the solvent is used in an amount of 5-20 ml per gram of the resin.
  • the reaction is carried out usually at 10-40° C. and preferably 20-30° C., for a period of 5-120 minutes.
  • Peptide-bonded resins having ten residues can be obtained by repeating the procedure of (1) or (2) ten times on the peptide-bonded resin obtained above.
  • the peptide of general formula (7; SEQ ID NO:1) can be obtained by acetylating a peptide-bonded resin having 10 residues. Concretely, it can be obtained by reacting a peptide-bonded resin of 10 residues with acetic anhydride in the presence or absence of an amine.
  • acetic anhydride is used in an amount of 1-20 equivalents and preferably 5-10 equivalents per equivalent of amino group in the resin.
  • the amine used in this reaction according to the need, diisopropylamine, triethylamine and the like can be referred to, and the amount thereof is 0.2-2 equivalents per equivalent of acetic anhydride.
  • the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence upon the reaction, N,N-dimethylformamide, dichloromethane, chloroform, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like are used. These solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more.
  • the amount of the solvent is not particularly limited, the solvent may be used in an amount of 5-20 ml per gram of resin.
  • the reaction is carried out at 10-40° C. and preferably 20-30° C., for a period of 10-120 minutes.
  • the peptide of general formula [8; SEQ ID NO:1] can be obtained by removing the protecting group of amino side chain and the resin from the protected peptide resin of general formula [7; SEQ ID NO:1] in the presence of an acid.
  • the acid used in this reaction can appropriately be selected in accordance with combination of the resin used and the protecting group for amino group.
  • trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, trifluoroacetic acid and the like can be used as said acid.
  • the resin is benzhydrylamine resin, 4-methylbenzhydrylamine resin or the like and the protecting group for amino acid side chain is a group selected from benzyl ester group, cyclohexyl ester group, benzyl group and 2,6-dibromobenzyl group, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, anhydrous hydrogen fluoride or the like may be used as said acid.
  • the resin is Rink amide resin or the like and the protecting group for amino acid side chain is a group selected from t-butyl ester group, t-butyl group and trityl group, trifluoroacetic acid and the like may be used as said acid.
  • the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, dichloromethane may be used, for example, as said acid.
  • amount of the solvent is not critical, it may be 5-100 ml per gram of resin.
  • anisole, thioanisole, m-cresol, p-cresol, ethanedithiol, water, etc. may be added, and the amount thereof is preferably 0.1-20% by volume based on the solvent used. A combined use of these compounds is also allowable, if desired.
  • This reaction is carried out at ⁇ 10° C. to 40° C. and preferably 0-20° C., for a period of 30-300 minutes.
  • the cyclic peptide of general formula [2; SEQ ID NO:1] can be obtained by forming a disulfide linkage between the cysteine side chains of the peptide of general formula [8; SEQ ID NO:1].
  • the formation of intramolecular disulfide linkage between two cysteine residues can be effected according to a known method.
  • silyl chloride-diphenyl sulfoxide method may be used (Development of Pharmaceuticals, Peptide syntheses, Hirokawa Shoten, Pages 233-258).
  • the cyclic peptides of general formula [2; SEQ ID NO:1] or salts thereof thus obtained can be isolated and purified according to conventional methods such as extraction, crystallization, gel filtration, liquid chromatography and/or column chromatography.
  • the isolation and purification can be effected by the gel filtration method using a gel filter such as Sephadex G-10, G-25 or the like, the column chromatography using a reverse phase type synthetic polymer resin or a chemically modified silica gel carrier and/or a high performance liquid chromatography, or the like.
  • the cyclic peptide of general formula [2b; SEQ ID NO:2] can be obtained by the same method as Production Process 1.
  • the compound of general formula [10] can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [9] and a formylating agent in the presence of an acid.
  • a formylating agent titanium tetrachloride, stannic chloride, aluminum chloride, phosphorus oxychloride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of formula [9].
  • the formylating agent ⁇ , ⁇ -dichloromethyl methyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethyl orthoformate and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [9].
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like can be referred to, and these solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more.
  • the reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably at 0-30° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [12] can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [10] with an oxidant in the presence or absence of an acid or a base.
  • hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, sulfamic acid and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [10].
  • base which can be used according to need alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like and pyridine and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [10].
  • sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite, chromic acid, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, ruthenium oxide, nickel oxide, silver oxide, silver nitrate and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [10].
  • ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether, dioxane and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, nitrites such as acetonitrile and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene and the like, dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, water, etc. can be referred to.
  • These solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more. This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from 0° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [12] can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [11] with an oxidant in the presence or absence of an acid or a base.
  • the acid which can be used in this reaction according to the need sulfuric acid, acetic acid and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [11].
  • the base which can be used in this reaction according to the need alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like and pyridine and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [11].
  • chromic acid, potassium permanganate and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [11].
  • the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like
  • aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, pyridine, water and the like
  • the reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from 0° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent, for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [3a] can be obtained by subjecting an acid chloride or an acid anhydride of a compound of general formula [12] and a compound of general formula [13] to Friedel-Crafts reaction in the presence of an acid.
  • the acid chloride or acid anhydride of the compound of general formula [12] used in this reaction can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [12] with an activating agent such as thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, acetic anhydride, ethyl chloroformate or the like, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [12].
  • an activating agent such as thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, acetic anhydride, ethyl chloroformate or the like
  • amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [12].
  • the compound of general formula [13] is used in an amount of 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [12].
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, nitrobenzene, carbon disulfide and the like can be referred to, and these solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more.
  • This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably at 0-30° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [3b] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [3a] to a de-protecting reaction such as a hydrolysis using an acid or a base, a de-esterification reaction using a salt, a reductive de-esterification reaction including hydrogenation in the presence of metallic catalyst, etc.
  • a de-protecting reaction such as a hydrolysis using an acid or a base, a de-esterification reaction using a salt, a reductive de-esterification reaction including hydrogenation in the presence of metallic catalyst, etc.
  • the acid which can be used in this reaction formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, aluminum chloride, trimethyliodosilane and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3a].
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and the like, tetrabutylammonium fluoride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-50 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3a].
  • the salt used in this reaction lithium iodide, sodium chloride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-100 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3a].
  • the catalyst used in the reductive de-esterification reaction palladium-carbon, palladium-black, palladium hydroxide and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 0.001 to 1 mol and preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mol per one mol of the compound of general formula [3a].
  • the reductant hydrogen, formic acid, cyclohexene, zinc and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-100 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3a].
  • the solvent which can be used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether, dioxane, anisole and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, nitrites such as acetonitrile and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, nitromethane, pyridine, water, etc. can be used. These solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more.
  • the compound of general formula [3c] can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [3b] with a reductant in the presence or absence of an acid, a base or a salt.
  • a reductant in the presence or absence of an acid, a base or a salt.
  • an acid which can be used in this reaction according to need, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride and the like can be referred, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3b].
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like and pyridine and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3b].
  • salt which can be used according to the need lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3b].
  • sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, lithium aluminum hydride and the like can be used, and amount thereof is 0.25-10 mol and preferably 1-8 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3b].
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether and the like, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, pyridine, water, etc. can be used.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like
  • ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether and the like
  • alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene,
  • the reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably at ⁇ 78° C. to 70° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [3d] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [3b] or [3c] to reduction including hydrogenation using a metallic catalyst, in the presence or absence of an acid, a base or a salt.
  • a metallic catalyst for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride and the like can be referred, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3b] or [3c].
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like and pyridine and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3b] or [3c].
  • salt which can be used according to the need lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-50 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3b] or [3c].
  • sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, triethylsilane, hydrogen, cyclohexene and the like can be used, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3b] or [3c].
  • the catalyst palladium-carbon, palladium-black, palladium hydroxide and the like can be used, and amount thereof is 0.001-1 mol and preferably 0.01-0.5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3b] or [3c].
  • the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether and the like, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetic acid, pyridine, water, etc.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like
  • ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether and the like
  • alcohols such
  • reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably at 0-30° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [4a] or [4b] can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [14] with a compound of general formula [15] or [16] by the use of a condensing agent in the presence or absence of an acid or a base. Otherwise, it can be obtained by reacting an acid chloride or acid anhydride of a compound of general formula [14] with a compound of general formula [15] or [16].
  • the acid chloride or acid anhydride of the compound of general formula [14] used in this reaction can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [14] with an activating agent such as thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, acetic anhydride, ethyl chloroformate and the like.
  • the activating agent is used in an amount of 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [14].
  • As the acid used in this reaction according to the need toluenesulfonic acid, N-hydroxysuccinimide and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [14].
  • N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, pyridine, triethylamine and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-100 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [14].
  • the condensing agent used in this reaction dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diphenylphosphoryl acid azide, N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [14].
  • the compound of general formula [15] or [16] is used in an amount of 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [14].
  • the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate and the like, ketones such as acetone and the like, pyridine, N,N-dimethylformamide, etc.
  • reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably at 0-30° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [4c] or [4d] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [4a] or [4b] to a de-protection reaction such as hydrolysis using an acid or a base, a de-esterification reaction using a salt, a reductive de-esterification reaction including hydrogenation using a metallic catalyst, or the like.
  • a de-protection reaction such as hydrolysis using an acid or a base, a de-esterification reaction using a salt, a reductive de-esterification reaction including hydrogenation using a metallic catalyst, or the like.
  • formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, aluminum chloride, trimethyliodosilane and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [4a] or [4b].
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and the like, tetrabutylammonium fluoride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-30 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [4a] or [4b].
  • lithium iodide, sodium chloride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-100 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [4a] or [4b].
  • catalyst used in the de-esterification reaction palladium-carbon, palladium-black, palladium hydroxide and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 0.001-1 mol and preferably 0.01-0.5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [4a] or [4b].
  • reductant used in this reaction hydrogen, formic acid, cyclohexene, zinc and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-100 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [4a] or [4b].
  • the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether, dioxane, anisole and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, nitrites such as acetonitrile and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, and the like, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, nitromethane, pyridine, water, etc.
  • alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like
  • ethers such as te
  • This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from 0° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably at 5-60° C., for a period of 10 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [18] can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [17] with an acid chloride in the presence or absence of an acid or a base. Otherwise, it can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [17] with a carboxylic acid by the use of a condensing agent.
  • toluenesulfonic acid, N-hydroxysuccinic acid and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [17].
  • base used in this reaction according to the need N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, pyridine, triethylamine and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [17].
  • the acid chloride or carboxylic acid is used in an amount of 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [17].
  • dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diphenylphosphoryl acid azide, N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [17].
  • ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, nitrites such as acetonitrile and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate and the like, ketones such as acetone and the like, pyridine, N,N-dimethylformamide, etc.
  • These solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more. This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably at 0-30° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • alkylating agent used in this reaction methyl iodide, benzyl bromide and the like can be referred to.
  • amidating agent acid anhydrides such as acetic anhydride and the like and acyl halogenides such as acetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride and the like can be referred to.
  • sulfonamidating agent sulfonyl halides such as methanesulfonyl chloride, benzenesulfonyl chloride and the like can be referred to. These reagents are used in an amount of 1-20 mol and preferably 1-4 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [17].
  • organic amines such as dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, pyridine and the like
  • alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and the like
  • amount thereof is 1-20 mol and preferably 1-4 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [17].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like
  • esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and the like
  • nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like
  • amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide and the like
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like
  • solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more.
  • This reaction is carried out usually at 0-200° C. and preferably 10-150° C., for a period of 10 minutes to 24 hours. It is also possible to effect carbamoylation by reacting a compound of general formula [17] with triphosgene in the presence of a base and then treating the resulting active intermediate with aqueous ammonia.
  • the triphosgen is used in an amount of 0.3-20 mol and preferably 1-4 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [17].
  • organic amines such as dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, pyridine and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-20 mol and preferably 1-4 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [17].
  • solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like can be used, for example. This reaction is carried out usually at 0-70° C. and preferably at 0-30° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • reaction mixture is treated with 1-50 v/w, preferably 5-15 v/w, of 25% aqueous ammonia to obtain a carbamoylated product.
  • This reaction is carried out usually at 0-100° C. and preferably 0-30° C., for a period of 10 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [5a] can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [18] and a compound of general formula [19] by the use of a condensing agent, in the presence or absence of an acid or a base. Otherwise, it is also possible to obtain the compound of general formula [5a] by reacting an acid chloride or acid anhydride of the compound of general formula [19] with a compound of general formula [18].
  • the acid chloride or acid anhydride of the compound of general formula [19] used in this reaction can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [19] with an activating agent such as thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, acetic anhydride, ethyl chloroformate or the like, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [19].
  • an activating agent such as thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, acetic anhydride, ethyl chloroformate or the like
  • amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [19].
  • N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, pyridine, triethylamine and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-100 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [19].
  • the condensing agent used in this reaction dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diphenylphosphoryl acid azide, N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [19].
  • the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate and the like, ketones such as acetone and the like, pyridine, N,N-dimethylformamide, etc.
  • ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether and the like
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as
  • reaction is carried out at a temperature ranging from ⁇ 78° C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably at 0-30° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [5b] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [5a] to a de-protecting reaction such as hydrolysis using an acid or a base, de-esterification using a base or reductive de-esterification including hydrogenation using a metallic catalyst.
  • a de-protecting reaction such as hydrolysis using an acid or a base, de-esterification using a base or reductive de-esterification including hydrogenation using a metallic catalyst.
  • the acid which can be used in this reaction formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, aluminum chloride, trimethyliodosilane and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [5a].
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and the like, tetrabutylammonium fluoride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-30 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [5a].
  • the salt used in this reaction lithium chloride, sodium chloride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-100 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [5a].
  • the catalyst used in the reductive de-esterification reaction palladium-carbon, palladium-black, palladium hydroxide and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 0.001 to 1 mol and preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mol per one mol of the compound of general formula [5a].
  • the reductant hydrogen, formic acid, cyclohexene, zinc and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [5a].
  • the solvent which can be used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether, dioxane, anisole and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, nitromethane, pyridine, water, etc. can be used. These solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more. This reaction
  • R 1 , R 2 (hydrogen atom is excepted), R 3 , R 4 and Z are as defined above.
  • the reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [3a] from a compound of general formula [9e] may be carried out by the same procedure as that of the reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [3a] from a compound of general formula [12] described in Production Process 2.
  • R 29 , R 30 and R 31 may be the same or different and independently represent unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl group;
  • X represents halogen atom, alkylsulfonyloxy group or arylsulfonyloxy group; and
  • R 1 , R 2 (hydrogen atom is excepted) and Z are as defined above.
  • the compound of general formula [20a] can be obtained by subjecting an acid chloride or acid anhydride of a compound of general formula [12] and a compound of general formula [13′] to Friedel-Crafts reaction in the presence of an acid.
  • the acid chloride or acid anhydride of the compound of general formula [12] used in this reaction can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [12] with an activating agent such as thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, acetic anhydride, ethyl chloroformate or the like, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [12].
  • an activating agent such as thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, acetic anhydride, ethyl chloroformate or the like
  • amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [12].
  • stannic chloride, aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride, zinc chloride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 0.5-10 mol and preferably 0.9-6 mol per mol of the compound of
  • the compound of general formula [13′] is used in an amount of 0.1-10 mol and preferably 0.3-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [12].
  • the solvent used in this reaction halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, nitrobenzene, carbon disulfide and the like can be referred to, and these solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more.
  • This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably at ⁇ 30° C. to 30° C., for a period of 10 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [20b] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [20a] to a de-alkylation reaction in the presence of an acid, a base or a salt.
  • acids which can be used in this reaction mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid and the like, organic acids such as trifluoroacetic acid, thiophenol and the like, and trimethyliodosilane, aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride, zinc chloride and the like can be referred to.
  • bases which can be used in this reaction sodium salt of ethylmercaptan, lithium diisopropylamide and the like can be referred to.
  • salts which can be used in this reaction sodium cyamide, lithium iodide, pyridine hydrochloride and the like can be referred to.
  • each of the acids, bases and salts is used in an amount of 1-50 mol and preferably 2-20 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [20a].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and the like; nitrites such as acetonitrile and the like; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and the like; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like; and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sul
  • This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably at 0-110° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [20c] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [20b] to an alkylation reaction with a compound of general formula [47] in the presence of a base.
  • the compound of general formula [47] is used in an amount of 1-20 mol and preferably 1-5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [20b].
  • organic amines such as dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, pyridine and the like; alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and the like; and alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-20 mol and preferably 1-5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [20b].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide and the like; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like; and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used. These solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more.
  • the reaction is carried out usually at 0-200° C. and preferably at 25-150° C., for a period of 10 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [20d] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [20c] to a de-protecting reaction such as hydrolysis using an acid or a base, de-esterification reaction using a salt, reductive de-esterification reaction including hydrogenation in the presence of metallic catalyst, etc.
  • a de-protecting reaction such as hydrolysis using an acid or a base, de-esterification reaction using a salt, reductive de-esterification reaction including hydrogenation in the presence of metallic catalyst, etc.
  • the acid which can be used in this reaction formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, aluminum chloride, trimethyliodosilane and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [20c].
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and the like, tetrabutylammonium fluoride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [20c].
  • lithium iodide, sodium chloride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [20c].
  • catalyst used in the reductive de-esterification reaction palladium-carbon, palladium-black, palladium hydroxide and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 0.001 to 1 mol and preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [20c].
  • reductant hydrogen, formic acid, cyclohexene, zinc and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-100 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [20c].
  • the solvent which can be used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether, dioxane, anisole and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, nitromethane, pyridine, water, etc. can be used. These solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more.
  • the reaction is carried out usually at ⁇ 78° C. to 100° C. and preferably 5-60° C., for a period of 10 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [20e] from the compound of general formula [20b] may be effected in the same manner as the procedure for obtaining compound [20d] from compound [20c] in Production Process 5.
  • the compound of general formula [20e] can be subjected to the same treatment for producing compound [28c] from compound [28b] in the Production Process 9 to acylate or alkylate the hydroxyl group thereof.
  • R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , Z, X 1 , R 27 and R 28 are as defined above.
  • the compound of general formula [21b] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [21a] to a reaction with a compound of general formula [48].
  • This reaction can be carried out by a method via an acid chloride, a method via an acid anhydride, a method using a base, a condensing agent and an additive, etc.
  • the compound of general formula [48] used in this reaction is selected from methanesulfonamide, benzenesulfonamide and the like, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [21a].
  • organic amines such as dimethylaminopyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine and the like, and alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 0.5-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [21a].
  • dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, N-ethyl-N′-3-dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide, 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole, diphenylphosphoryl azide and the like can be used.
  • 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide and the like can be used, and amount thereof is 0.5-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [21a].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and the like; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like; and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used. These solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more. This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature of ⁇ 20° C. to 150° C. and preferably at 0-120° C.
  • the compound of general formula [21c] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [21a] and a compound of general formula [22] to an amidation reaction.
  • This reaction can be effected according to the conventional procedure of amidation. For example, it can be carried out by a method via an acid chloride, a method via an acid anhydride, a method using a base, a condensing agent and an additive, etc.
  • the compound of general formula [22] is used in an amount of 1-10 mol and preferably 1-5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [21a].
  • organic amines such as dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine and the like and alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 0.5-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [21a].
  • dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, N-ethyl-N′-3-dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide, diphenylphosphoryl azide and the like can be used, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [21a].
  • 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide and the like can be used, and amount thereof is 0.5-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [21a].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and the like; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like; and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used. These solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more. This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature of ⁇ 20° C. to 150° C. and preferably at 0-120° C.
  • the objective compound can be obtained by appropriately protecting the group to be protected before the reaction and carrying out de-protection after completion of the reaction.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [24] from a compound of general formula [23] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of formula [20a] from a compound of formula [12] in Production Process 5.
  • the compound of general formula [25] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [24] to a de-protection reaction in the presence or absence of an acid or a base.
  • hydrochloric acid sulfuric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-50 mol and preferably 10-30 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [24].
  • alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide and the like
  • alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride, potassium hydride and the like
  • alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and the like
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxides and the like
  • the amount thereof is 1-50 mol and preferably 1-30 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [24].
  • alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and the like; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like; nitrites such as acetonitrile and the like; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and the like; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like; acetic acid; water; and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used.
  • These solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more. This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature of 0° C. to 150° C. and preferably at 25-120° C., for
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [26a] from a compound of general formula [25] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of formula [20c] from a compound of formula [20b] in Production Process 5.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [26b] from a compound of general formula [26a] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of formula [20d] from a compound of formula [20c] in Production Process 5.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [26a] from a compound of general formula [12c] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of formula [24] from a compound of formula [23] in Production Process 7.
  • R 1 , R 2 (hydrogen atom is excepted), R 3 and R 4 are as defined above.
  • the compound of general formula [27b] can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [27a] with methyl iodide, methyl bromide or the like in the presence of a base.
  • organolithium compounds such as lithium diisopropyl-amide and the like; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide and the like; alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride, potassium hydride and the like; alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and the like; and alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like can be referred to.
  • the base is used in an amount of 1-20 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [27a].
  • Methyl iodide, methyl bromide and the like are used in an amount of 1-50 mol and preferably 1-20 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [27a].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and the like; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like; and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used.
  • This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature of ⁇ 78° C. to 150° C. and preferably at ⁇ 60° C. to 120° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • reaction for forming the compound of general formula [27c] from the compound of [27b] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound [20d] from compound [20c] in Production Process 5.
  • R 32 is a protecting group for carboxyl group
  • R 33 and R 34 may be the same or different and independently represent hydrogen atom or alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group
  • R 1 , R 2 (hydrogen atom is excepted), R 3 and Z are as defined above.
  • reaction for forming the compound of general formula [49] from the compound of [9f] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound [20a] from compound [12] in Production Process 5.
  • reaction for forming the compound of general formula [50a] from the compound of [49] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound [20d] from compound [20c] in Production Process 5.
  • the compound of general formula [50b] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [50a] to an esterification reaction.
  • This reaction can be effected according to the conventional procedure of esterification, and the methods for performing it include a method via an acid chloride, a method via an acid anhydride, a method using a base and alkyl halide, a method using a condensing agent and an additive, etc.
  • the bases which can be used in this reaction include, for example, organic amines such as dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine and the like; and alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and the like.
  • the amount of said base is 0.5-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [50a].
  • alkyl halide used in this invention methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, benzyl bromide and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 0.5-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [50a].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and the like; nitrites such as acetonitrile and the like; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide and the like; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like; and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used.
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like
  • esters such as methyl acetate,
  • This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature of 0-200° C. and preferably at 5-100° C., for a period of 10 minutes to 24 hours.
  • a condensing agent and an additive are used, the intended product can be obtained by subjecting an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, benzyl alcohol or the like to a condensation reaction with a condensing agent and an additive.
  • the condensing agent used in this reaction for example, 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, N-ethyl-N′-3-dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide, diphenyl-phosphoryl azide and the like can be referred to.
  • the additive used in this reaction for example, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide and the like can be referred to.
  • each of the alcohol, condensing agent and additive is used in an amount of 0.5-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [50a].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like; esters such as methyl-acetate, ethyl acetate and the like; nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide and the like; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like; and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used.
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like
  • esters such as methyl-acetate,
  • the compound of general formula [50c] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [50b] to amidation reaction.
  • This reaction is a conventional amidation reaction, and includes a method via an acid chloride, a method via an acid anhydride, a method using a base, a condensing agent and an additive, etc.
  • the amines used in this reaction include primary amines such as ammonia, methylamine, benzylamine, aniline, phenethylamine, isopropylamine, aminothiazole and the like; and secondary amines such as dimethylamine, diethylamine, di-n-propylamine and the like, and amount thereof is 0.5-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [50b].
  • organic amines such as dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine and the like
  • alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and the like
  • amount thereof is 0.5-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [50b].
  • the condensing agent dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, N-ethyl-N′-3-dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide, diphenylphosphoryl azide and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 0.5-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [50b].
  • the additive used in this reaction for example, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide and the like can be referred to. In this reaction, each of the condensing agent and additive is used in an amount of 0.5-10 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [50b].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and the like; nitrites such as acetonitrile and the like; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide and the like; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like; and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used.
  • the reaction is carried out usually at ⁇ 20° C. to 150° C. and preferably at 0-120° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • reaction for forming the compound of general formula [50d] from the compound of [50c] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound [20d] from compound [20c] in Production Process 5.
  • R 1 , W, R 3 , R 4 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and X are as defined above.
  • the compound of general formula [28b] can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [28a] with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence or absence of a base.
  • hydroxylamine hydrochloride is used in an amount of 1-10 mol and preferably 1-5 mol per mol of the compound [28a].
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and the like, organic amines such as dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine and the like, and alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and the like can be referred to, and the amount thereof is 0.5-20 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [28a].
  • the solvent which can be used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether, dioxane, anisole and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, nitromethane, pyridine, water, etc. can be used. These solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more.
  • the compound of general formula [28c] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [28b] to an O-alkylating reaction or acylation reaction with a compound of general formula [47a] in the presence of base.
  • the compound of general formula [47a] is used in an amount of 1-20 mol and preferably 1-4 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [28b].
  • organic amines such as dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, pyridine and the like
  • alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and the like
  • alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 2-20 mol and preferably 1-4 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [28b].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like, ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like, esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and the like, nitrites such as acetonitrile and the like, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like, amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like, and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used as the solvent.
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl
  • the compound of general formula [28e] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [28b] to reduction including hydrogenation using a metallic catalyst in the presence or absence of an acid, a base or a salt.
  • hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, nickel chloride, aluminum chloride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [28b].
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like, ammonia, pyridine and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [28b].
  • lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium acetate and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [28b].
  • reductant sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, triethylsilane, hydrogen, cyclohexene, diborane, sodium amalgam, Raney nickel and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-20 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [28b].
  • the catalyst palladium-carbon, palladium-black, palladium hydroxide and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 0.001-1 mol per mol of the compound [28b].
  • the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether and the like, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene, xylene and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetic acid, pyridine water, etc.
  • reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably at 0-30° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [28f] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [28e] to alkylation, amidation or sulfonamidation reaction in the presence of a base.
  • alkylating agent used in this reaction for example, methyl iodide and benzyl bromide can be referred to.
  • amidating agent for example, acid anhydrides such as acetic anhydride and the like and acyl halides such as acetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride and the like can be referred to.
  • sulfonamidating agent sulfonyl halides such as methanesulfonyl chloride, benzenesulfonyl chloride and the like can be referred to. These reagents are used in an amount of 1-20 mol and preferably 1-4 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [28e].
  • organic amines such as dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, pyridine and the like
  • alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and the like
  • amount thereof is 1-20 mol and preferably 1-4 mol per mol of the compound [28e].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like
  • esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and the like
  • nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like
  • alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like
  • amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide and the like
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like
  • This reaction is carried out usually at 0-200° C. and preferably 10-150° C., for a period of 10 minutes to 24 hours. It is also possible to carry out carbamoylation by reacting a compound of general formula [28e] with triphosgene and then treating the active intermediate thus obtained with aqueous ammonia.
  • the amount of triphosgene used in this reaction is 0.3-20 mol and preferably 1-4 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [28e].
  • organic amines such as dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, pyridine and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-20 mol and preferably 1-4 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [28e].
  • solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like are used, for example. This reaction is carried out usually at 0-70° C. and preferably at 0-30° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the compound of general formula [28e] is treated with 1-50 v/w, preferably 5-15 v/w, of 25% aqueous ammonia to obtain a carbamoyl compound.
  • This reaction is carried out usually at 0-100° C. and preferably at 0-30° C., for a period of 10 minutes to 24 hours.
  • the objective compound can be obtained by first appropriately protecting the group before the reaction and removing the protecting group after completion of the reaction.
  • R 1 , W, R 3 , R 4 , R 24 and R 25 are as defined above.
  • the compound of general formula [3e] can be a obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [3b] with Wittig reagent or Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagent.
  • the compound of general formula [3e] can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [3b] with Wittig reagent synthesized according to the method described in Organic Syntheses Collective Volume, Vol. 5, Pages 751-754 (1973) or Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagent synthesized according to the method described in Organic Syntheses Collective Volume, Vol. 5, Pages 509-513 (1973).
  • the Wittig reagent and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagent used in this reaction are used in an amount of 1-100 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3b].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and the like, ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and the like, nitrites such as acetonitrile and the like, amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide N,N-dimethylacetamide and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like, sulfones such as sulfolane and the like, and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used as the solvent.
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and the like
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and the like
  • esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl
  • This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature of ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably 0-150° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours. If desired, this reaction may be carried out in the atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen.
  • the compound of general formula [3f] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [3b] to Grignard reaction.
  • the compound [3f] can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [3b] with a Grignard reagent synthesized according to the method described in Organic Syntheses Collective Volume, Vol. 1, Pages 188-190 (1956).
  • the Grignard reagent is used in an amount of 1-100 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3b].
  • the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and the like
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and the like
  • sulfones such as sulfolane and the like
  • This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature of ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably 0-150° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours. If desired, this reaction may be carried out in the atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen.
  • the compound of general formula [3e] can be obtained by dehydrating a compound of general formula [3f] in the presence or absence of an acid, a base or a dehydrating agent.
  • mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid and the like
  • organic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like
  • amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3f].
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and the like
  • organic amines such as triethylamine, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene and the like
  • amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3f].
  • dehydrating agent used in this reaction diphosphorus pentoxide, polyphosphoric acid and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3f].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and the like, ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and the like, nitriles such as acetonitrile and the like, amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like, sulfones such as sulfolane and the like, and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be used as the solvent.
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and the like
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and the like
  • esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl
  • This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature of ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably 0-150° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours. If desired, this reaction may be carried out in the atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen.
  • the compound of general formula [3g] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [3e] or general formula [3f] to a reduction including hydrogenation using a metallic catalyst, in the presence or absence of an acid, a base or a salt.
  • hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride, trifluoroacetic acid and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3e] or [3f].
  • base used in this reaction alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and the like and organic amines such as triethylamine, pyridine and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-1,000 mol and preferably 1-100 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3e] or [3f].
  • lithium chloride, calcium chloride and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 1-100 mol and preferably 1-10 mol per mol of general formula [3e] or [3f].
  • reductant used in this reaction sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, triethylsilane, hydrogen, cyclohexene and the like can be used, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3e] or [3f].
  • catalyst used in this reaction palladium-carbon, palladium-black, palladium hydroxide and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 0.001 to 1 mol and preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [3e] or [3f].
  • the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and the like, ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and the like, esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and the like, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and the like, amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride and the like, sulfones such as sulfolane and the like, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane and the like, acetic acid, pyridine, water, etc.
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and the like
  • ethers such as dioxane, te
  • the reaction is carried out usually at a temperature from ⁇ 78° C. to reflux temperature of the solvent and preferably at 0-30° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • R 1a , R 2a (hydrogen atom is excepted), R 3a , R 4a and Z a are as defined above.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [30a] from a compound of general formula [29] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [20a] from compound [12] in Production Process 5.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [30b] from a compound of general formula [30a] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [20d] from compound [20c] in Production Process 5.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [30c] from a compound of general formula [30b] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [3c] from compound [3b] in Production Process 2.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [30d] from a compound of general formula [30b] and [30c] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [3d] from compound [3b] and [3c] in Production Process 2.
  • R 1a , R 3a , R 4a , R 27a , R 28a , X 1a and Z a are as defined above.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [31b] from a compound of general formula [31a] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [21b] from compound [21a] in Production Process 6.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [31c] from a compound of general formula [31a] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [21c] from compound [21a] in Production Process 6.
  • the objective compound can be obtained by appropriately carrying out protection before the reaction and de-protection after completion of the reaction.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [33] from a compound of general formula [32] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [20a] from compound [12] in Production Process 5.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [34] from a compound of general formula [33] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [25] from compound [24] in Production Process 7.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [35a] from a compound of general formula [34] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [26a] from compound [25] in Production Process 7.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [35b] from a compound of general formula [35a] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [26b] from compound [26a] in Production Process 7.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [35a] from a compound of general formula [12b] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [33] from compound [32] in Production Process 12.
  • R 1a , R 2a (hydrogen atom is excepted), R 3a and R 4a are as defined above.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [37b] from a compound of general formula [37a] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [27b] from compound [27a] in Production Process 8a.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [37c] from a compound of general formula [37b] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [27c] from compound [27b] in Production Process 8a.
  • R 1a , W a , R 3a , R 4a , R 21a , R 22a , R 23a and X are as defined above.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [38a] from a compound of general formula [30a] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [28b] from compound [28a] in Production Process 9.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [38b] from a compound of general formula [38a] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [28c] from compound [28b] in Production Process 9.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [38d] from a compound of general formula [38a] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [28e] from compound [28b] in Production Process 9.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [38e] from a compound of general formula [38d] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [28f] from compound [28e] in Production Process 9.
  • Some of the compounds mentioned in Production Process 14 may have a group which has to be protected, such as carboxyl group.
  • the objective compound can be obtained by carrying out protection before the reaction, then carrying out the reaction, and carrying out de-protection after the reaction.
  • R 1a , W a , R 3a , R 4a , R 24a and R 25a are as defined above.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [30e] from a compound of general formula [30b] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [3e] from compound [3b] in Production Process 9a.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [30f] from a compound of general formula [30b] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [3f] from compound [3b] in Production Process 9a.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [30g] from a compound of general formula [30e] and a compound of [30f] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [3g] from compounds [3e] and [3f] in Production Process 9a.
  • R 24a and R 25a may involve an unprotected or protected carboxyl group, an unprotected or protected hydroxyl group or an unprotected or protected amino group.
  • the objective compound can be obtained by carrying out protecting and de-protecting reactions appropriately.
  • R 1b , R 2b (hydrogen atom is excepted), R 3b , R 4b and Z b are as defined above.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [40a] from a compound of general formula [39] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [30a] from compound [29] in Production Process 10.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [40b] from a compound of general formula [40a] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [30b] from compound [30a] in Production Process 10.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [40c] from a compound of general formula [40b] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [30c] from compound [30b] in Production Process 10.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [40d] from compounds of general formulas [40b] and [40c] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [30d] from compounds [30b] and [30c] in Production Process 10.
  • R 1c , R 2c (hydrogen atom is excepted), R 3c , R 4c and Z c are as defined above.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [42a] from a compound of general formula [41] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [30a] from compound [29] in Production Process 10
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [42b] from a compound of general formula [42a] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [30b] from compound [30a] in Production Process 10.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [42c] from a compound of general formula [42b] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [30c] from compound [30b] in Production Process 10.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [42d] from compound of general formulas [42b] and [42c] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [30d] from compounds [30b] and [30c] in Production Process 10.
  • R 1d , R 2d (hydrogen atom is excepted), R 3d , R 4d , Z d and X are as defined above.
  • R 1d′ represents alkoxyl group
  • R 35 represents hydrogen atom or acyl group
  • R 36 represents unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl group
  • R 4d′ represents acyl group
  • R 3d , X and Z d are as defined above.
  • the compound of general formula [43a] can be obtained by reacting an acid chloride or acid anhydride of a compound of general formula [12a] and a compound of general formula [13d] in the presence of a base.
  • the acid chloride or acid anhydride of compound [12a] used in this reaction can be obtained by reacting a compound of general formula [12a] with an activating agent such as thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus pentoxide, acetic anhydride, ethyl chloroformate or the like, and amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [12a].
  • an activating agent such as thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus pentoxide, acetic anhydride, ethyl chloroformate or the like
  • amount thereof is 1-10 mol and preferably 1-2 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [12a].
  • the amount of the compound of general formula [13d] is 1-20 mol and preferably 1-5 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [12a].
  • organolithium compounds such as n-butyllithium, methyllithium, lithium diisopropylamide and the like; and organomagnesium compounds such as methyl magnesium bromide and the like can be referred to, and the base is used in an amount of 1-20 mol and preferably 1-3 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [12a].
  • the solvent used in this reaction is not particularly limited so far as it exercises no adverse influence on the reaction, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like; and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane and the like can be used as the solvent. These solvents may be used either alone or in the form of mixture of two or more.
  • This reaction is carried out usually at a temperature of ⁇ 78° C. to 150° C. and preferably at ⁇ 78° C. to 30° C., for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [43b] from a compound of [43a] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [20a] from a compound of general formula [12] in Production Process 5.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [43b] from a compound of [12a] can be carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [43a] from a compound of general formula [12a] in Production Process 17.
  • the compound of general formula [43c] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [43b] to an alkylation reaction with and a compound of general formula [47c] in the presence of a base.
  • the compound of general formula [47c] is used in an amount of 1-20 mol and preferably 1-4 mol per mol of the compound of compound [43b].
  • organolithium compounds such as n-butyllithium, phenyllithium, lithium diisopropylamide and the like; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide and the like; alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride, potassium hydride and the like; alkali metal carbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and the like; and alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like can be referred to, and amount thereof is 2-20 mol and preferably 1-4 mol per mol of the compound of general formula [43b].
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like; nitrites such as acetonitrile and the like; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide and the like; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform.
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve and the like
  • nitrites such as acetonitrile and the like
  • alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like
  • amides
  • the reaction is carried out usually at a temperature ranging from ⁇ 78° C. to 200° C. and preferably at ⁇ 50° C. to 120° C., for a period of 10 minutes to 24 hours.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [43d] from a compound of general formula [43c] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound of general formula [20d] from compound of general formula [20c] in Production Process 5.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [43e] from a compound of general formula [43d] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound of general formula [3c] from compound of general formula [3b] in Production Process 2.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [43f] from compounds of general formulas [43d] and [43e] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound of general formula [3d] from compounds of general formulas of [3b] and [3c] in Production Process 2.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [43g] from a compound of general formula [43a′] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound of general formula [43b] from compound of general formula [43a] in Production Process 17.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [43h] from a compound of general formula [43g] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound of general formula [43c] from compound of general formula [43b] in Production Process 17.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [43i] from a compound of general formula [43h] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound of general formula [43d] from compound of general formula [43c] in Production Process 17.
  • the compound of general formula [43j] can be obtained by subjecting a compound of general formula [43i] to an O-alkylation reaction.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [43j] from a compound of general formula [43i] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound of general formula [28c] from compound of general formula [28b] in Production Process 9.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [43k] from a compound of general formula [43j] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound of general formula [20d] from compound of general formula [20c] in Production Process 5.
  • R Oe , R 1e , R 2e (hydrogen atom is excepted), R 3e , R 4e and Z e are as defined above.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [44a] from a compound of general formula [44] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound of general formula [30a] from compound of general formula [29] in Production Process 10.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [44b] from a compound of general formula [44a] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound of general formula [30b] from compound of general formula [30a] in Production Process 10.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [44c] from a compound of general formula [44b] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound of general formula [30c] from compound of general formula [30b] in Production Process 10.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [44d] from compounds of general formulas [44b] and [44c] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining compound of general formula [30d] from compounds of general formulas [30b] and [30c] in Production Process 10.
  • R 1f , R 2f (hydrogen atom is excepted), R 3f , R 4f and Z f are as defined above.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [46a] from a compound of general formula [45] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [30a] from a compound of general formula [29] in Production Process 10.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [46b] from a compound of general formula [46a] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [30b] from a compound of general formula [30a] in Production Process 10.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [46c] from a compound of general formula [46b] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [30c] from a compound of general formula [30b] in Production Process 10.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [46d] from compounds of general formulas [46b] and [46c] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [30d] from compounds of general formulas [30b] and [30c] in Production Process 10.
  • R 1g , R 2g (hydrogen atom is excepted), R 4g and Z g are as defined above.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [51a] from a compound of general formula [12d] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [3a] from a compound of general formula [12] in Production Process 2.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [51b] from a compound of general formula [51a] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [3b] from a compound of general formula [3a] in Production Process 2.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [51c] from a compound of general formula [51b] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [3c] from a compound of general formula [3b] in Production Process 2.
  • reaction for obtaining a compound of general formula [51d] from compounds of general formulas [51b] and [51c] is carried out by the same procedure as that for obtaining a compound of general formula [3d] from compounds of general formulas [3b] and [3c] in Production Process 2.
  • salt examples include the same salts as mentioned in the paragraphs describing the compounds conforming to the pharmacophore of formula 1 and compounds of general formulas [2], [2b], [3], [4], [5], [a], [b], [c], [d], [e], [f] and [g].
  • Some of the compounds used in the above-mentioned production processes may have isomers such as optical isomers, geometric isomers and tautomers. In such cases, the isomers are also usable. In cases where solvated products, hydrates and various crystal forms of the compounds exist, those solvated products, hydrates and various crystal forms are also usable.
  • Some of the compounds used in the above-mentioned production processes have a substituent which can be protected such as amino group, hydroxyl group, mercapto group, carboxyl group and the like. When such a compound is used, it is also possible to protect these groups with conventional protecting group previously, and after the reaction, to eliminate these protecting groups by methods which are well known in themselves.
  • the compound of this invention When the compound of this invention is used as a medical drug. adjuvants conventionally used for making a preparation such as excipient, carrier, diluent and the like may be incorporated appropriately.
  • the preparations produced in the above-mentioned manner can be administered in the usual manner either orally or non-orally in the form of tablet, capsule, powder, syrup, granule, pill, suspension, emulsion, solution, powdery preparation, suppository, ointment, injection, etc.
  • the method of administration, the dosage and the frequency of administration can be properly selected in accordance with age, body weight and symptoms of the patient.
  • the compound of this invention is given orally or non-orally (for example, by injection, drip infusion, intrarectal administration, etc., at a dosage of 0.1 to 100 mg/kg/day in one portion or several portions.
  • N a 1 , N a 2 , N a 3 , N a 4 and N a 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N a 1 , N a 2 , N a 3 , N a 4 and N a 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 38, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 39.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at five atoms.
  • N b 2 , N b 3 , N b 4 and N b 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N b 2 , N b 3 , N b 4 and N b 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 40, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 41.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at four atoms.
  • N c 2 , N c 3 and N c 4 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 and N 4 in formula 1
  • the N c 2 , N c 3 and N c 4 have the characters shown in the following Table 42, and there exists a locally stabilized structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 43.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at three atoms.
  • N d 1 , N d 2 , N d 3 , N d 4 and N d 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N d 1 , N d 2 , N d 3 , N d 4 and N d 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 44, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the atomic distances are as shown in Table 45.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at five atoms.
  • N e 1 , N e 2 , N e 3 , N e 4 and N e 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N e 1 , N e 2 , N e 3 , N e 4 and N e 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 46, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 47.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at five atoms.
  • N f 1 , N f 2 , N f 3 , N f 4 and N f 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N f 1 , N f 2 , N f 3 , N f 4 and N f 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 48, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 49.
  • N f 1 The atom to which the donative hydrogen atom in the hydrogen-bond donating group is bonded N f 2 Hydrophobic group N f 3 Hydrogen-bond accepting atom in the hydrogen-bond accepting group N f 4 Hydrophobic group N f 5 Hydrophobic group
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at five atoms.
  • N g 1 , N g 2 , N g 3 , N g 4 and N g 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N g 1 , N g 2 , N g 3 , N g 4 and N g 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 50, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 51.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at five atoms.
  • N h 1 , N h 2 , N h 3 , N h 4 and N h 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N h 1 , N h 2 , N h 3 , N h 4 and N h 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 52, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 53.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at five atoms.
  • N i 2 , N i 3 , N i 4 and N i 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N i 2 , N i 3 , N i 4 and N i 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 54, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 55.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at four atoms.
  • N j 2 , N j 3 , N j 4 and N j 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N j 2 , N j 3 , N j 4 and N j 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 56, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 57.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at four atoms.
  • N k 2 , N k 3 , N k 4 and N k 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N k 2 , N k 3 , N k 4 and N k 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 58, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 59.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at four atoms.
  • N l 1 , N l 2 , N l 3 , N l 4 and N l 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N l 1 , N l 2 , N l 3 , N l 4 and N l 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 60, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 61.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at five atoms.
  • N m 2 , N m 3 , N m 4 and N m 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N m 2 , N m 3 , N m 4 and N m 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 62, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 63.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at four atoms.
  • N n 2 , N n 3 , N n 4 and N n 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N n 2 , N n 3 , N n 4 and N n 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 64, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 65.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at four atoms.
  • N o 2 , N o 3 , N o 4 and N o 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N o 2 , N o 3 , N o 4 and N o 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 66, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 67.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at four atoms.
  • N p 2 , N p 3 and N p 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N p 2 , N p 3 and N p 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 68, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 69.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at three atoms.
  • N q 2 , N q 3 , N q 4 and N q 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N q 2 , N q 3 , N q 4 and N q 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 70, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 71.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at four atoms.
  • N r 2 , N r 3 , N r 4 and N r 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1, the N r 2 , N r 3 , N r 4 and N r 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 72, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 73.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at four atoms.
  • N s 2 , N s 3 , N s 4 and N s 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 , N 4 and N 5 in formula 1, the N s 2 , N s 3 , N s 4 and N s 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 74, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 75.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at four atoms.
  • N t 2 , N t 3 and N t 5 represent the shaded atoms, respectively, to signify the atoms corresponding to N 2 , N 3 and N 5 in formula 1,
  • the N t 2 , N t 3 and N t 5 have the characters shown in the following Table 76, and there exists a local minimum structure in which the interatomic distances are as shown in Table 77.
  • this compound conforms to a pharmacophore at three atoms.
  • Nuclear extract protein containing transcription factor AP-1 prepared from HeLa cells was coated on 96-well ELISA plate (100 ng/well) in Hepes buffer (20 mM Hepes-potassium hydroxide (pH 7.9), 0,5 mM ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, 50 mM potassium chloride, 10% glycerol). After washing, a blocking treatment was carried out with bovine serum albumin, and then used for a binding assay using nuclear extract protein.
  • Jun peptide and N-terminal biotinylated tetraglycine Fos peptide containing a DNA-binding site [Nature, Vol. 373, Pages 257-261, 1995] were synthesized and separately dissolved in tris buffer (20 mM tris-hydrochloride (pH 7.5), 50 mM potassium chloride, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 10 mM magnesium chloride, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5M guanidine hydrochloride, 30% glycerol). Equimolar quantities of both the solutions were mixed together, and the mixture was used as an AP-1 complex (Fos/Jun peptide). The AP-1 complex was added to avidin-coating 96-well ELISA plate (10 pmol/well), washed, and then blocked with bovine serum albumin. The product was used for binding assay using AP-1 complex.
  • a digoxigenin-labeled double stranded oligonucleotide (22-mer) containing an AP-1 binding sequence (3′-TGAGTCA-5′) which has been synthesized elsewhere was reacted in the presence and absence of a sample at room temperature for 30-60 minutes in a binding reaction solution [Hepes buffer or 25 mM tris-hydrochloric acid (pH 7.9), 0.5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.05% Nonidet P-40, 10% glycerol].
  • Hepes buffer or 25 mM tris-hydrochloric acid (pH 7.9) 0.5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.05% Nonidet P-40, 10% glycerol.
  • an anti-digoxigenin antibody labeled with peroxidase was added, and reacted with the labeled oligonucleotide bound to AP-1.
  • the residue was reacted for a predetermined period of time in a 100 mM citrate buffer (pH 5.0) containing hydrogen peroxide by using o-phenylenediamine as a substrate.
  • absorbance (492 nm) was measured. Taking the absorbance in the absence of sample as 100%, inhibition rate of sample was calculated from the absorbance in the presence of sample.
  • Example No. 12, 15, 25(5) and 43 were converted to sodium salts and then measured according to the procedure of Example 17.
  • Example 6 8(8) measurement was carried out on the isomer having a lower polarity among the two isomers.
  • Example 12 The effect of the compound of Example 12 on the type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice was examined. As the animals, 8 weeks old male DBA/1J mice (Charles River Japan) were used. To 2 mg/mL solution of bovine type II collagen in 0.1 mol/L acetic acid (Kouken) was added an equivalent quantity of Freund complete adjuvant (Nacalai Tesque), and prepared an emulsion. 0.2 ml of the emulsion was subcutaneously injected into the tail root portion. On the 22nd day as counted from the day of first inoculation, the same treatment as above was repeated to induce arthritis. The compound was suspended in 0.5% methyl cellulose solution and administered orally at 100 mg/kg once every day from the 22nd day to the 36th day. To the control group (negative control group), a 0.5% methyl cellulose solution was administered similarly. Severity of the arthritis was evaluated in the following manner:
  • score 1 swelling on one or two toes or slight swelling in the foreleg root or hindleg root only;
  • the arthritis score was calculated to evaluate the severity of arthritis.
  • X ray photographs of four paws were taken on the 37th day, and severity of destruction in the second to fifth articulationes interphalangeae, first to fifth articulationes metacarpophalangeae and metatarsophalangeae, and calcaneus was scored by 0 or 1 in accordance with presence or absence of destruction, and the severity of destruction in the carpus and tarsal was scored by 0 to 3.
  • Total score for the four paws was taken as joint and bone destruction score, taking 50 points as maximum score.
  • Control group arthritis score 8, joint an bone destruction score 26;
  • Compound-administered group arthritis score 3, joint and bone destruction score 10.
  • the inhibition rate as compared with control group was 63% and 62%, respectively.
  • amino acid residue For expression of amino acid residue, the 3-letters expression system prescribed by IUPAC and IUB is used. Unless otherwise defined, an amino acid means L-form.
  • the abbreviations have the following meanings:
  • HPLC purification was carried out under the following conditions:
  • BW-127ZH (manufactured by Fuji Silicia Kagaku) was used.
  • DMF is added to 1.82 g of Rink amide MBHA resin (0.55 mmol/g) to swell the resin. Then, 15 ml of 20% piperidine/DMF solution is added and shaken for 20 minutes to remove the Fmoc group. After washing the resin thus obtained with DMF six times, 1.46 g of Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH, 0.38 g of HOBt, 1.30 g of PyBOP, 12 ml of DMF and 0.87 ml of DIEA are successively added and shaken for 60 minutes. After filtering off the liquid phase, the resin is washed with DMF six times.
  • amino acid derivatives are successively condensed from the C-terminal side by successively using Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Asp(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Ala-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Asp(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Gln-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH and Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH.
  • Fmoc amino acid After coupling with Fmoc amino acid, the Fmoc groups are removed with piperidine/DMF solution.
  • Example 5 The procedure of Example 5 is repeated to obtain isobutyl 5-(2,4-diisobutoxybenzoyl)-2-isobutoxybenzoate.
  • Example 7 The procedure of Example 7 is repeated to obtain 5-(2,4-diisobutoxybenzoyl)-2-isobutoxybenzoic acid.
  • Example 5 The procedure of Example 5 is repeated to obtain ethyl 3-[5-(2,4-diisobutoxybenzoyl)-2-isobutoxyphenyl]propionate.
  • Example 5 The procedure of Example 5 is repeated to obtain ethyl 3-[5-(2,4-diisobutoxybenzoyl)-2-isobutoxyphenyl]-2-propenoate.
  • Example 7 The procedure of Example 7 is repeated to obtain 3-[5-(2,4-diisobutoxybenzoyl)-2-isobutoxyphenyl]propionic acid.
  • Example 7 The procedure of Example 7 is repeated to obtain 3-[5-(2,4-diisobutoxybenzoyl)-2-isobutoxyphenyl]-2-propenoic acid.
  • Example 14 The procedure of Example 14 is repeated to obtain 3- ⁇ 5-[(2,4-diisobutoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl]-2-isobutoxyphenyl ⁇ propionic acid.
  • Example 17 The procedure of Example 17 is repeated to obtain sodium 3- ⁇ 5-[(2,4-diisobutoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)-methyl]-2-isobutoxyphenyl ⁇ propionate.
  • Example 7 The procedure of Example 7 is repeated to obtain 2-(2-isobutoxy-5- ⁇ [(2R,4R)-4-isobutoxy-2-(4-methylpentyl)pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl ⁇ phenyl)acetic acid.
  • Example 5 The procedure of Example 5 is repeated to obtain the compounds shown in Table 80.
  • Example 22 The procedure of Example 22 is repeated to obtain ethyl 3-[5-(2-fluoro-4-isobutoxybenzoyl)-2-isobutoxyphenyl]propanoate.
  • Example 22 The procedure of Example 22 is repeated to obtain ethyl 3- ⁇ 5-[4-(acetyloxy)-2-isobutoxybenzoyl]-2-isobutoxyphenyl ⁇ propanoate.
  • Example 7 The procedure of Example 7 is repeated to obtain the compounds shown in Table 81.
  • the residue thus obtained is mixed with 22 g of potassium carbonate and 200 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide. While cooling the mixture with ice water, 19 g of iodomethane is added, and the mixture thus obtained is stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. Ethyl acetate and water are added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer is separated. The organic layer is washed with water and saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride successively and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure.
  • Example 16 The procedure of Example 16 is repeated to obtain 3-[5-(2,4-diisobutoxybenzyl)-2-isobutoxyphenyl]-propanoic acid.
  • Example 16 The procedure of Example 16 is repeated to obtain 3-[5-(2-hydroxy-4-isobutoxybenzyl)-2-isobutoxyphenyl]propanoic acid.
  • Example 16 The procedure of Example 16 is repeated to obtain 2-[5-(3,4-diisopentyloxybenzyl)-2-isopentyloxyphenyl]acetic acid.
  • Example 32 The procedure of Example 32 is repeated to obtain the compounds shown in Table 82.
  • Example 34 The procedure of Example 34 is repeated to obtain the compounds shown in Table 83.
  • Example 36 The procedure of Example 36 is repeated to obtain the compounds shown in Table 84.
  • Example 38 The procedure of Example 38 is repeated to obtain the compounds shown in Table 85.
  • the organic layer thus obtained is washed with water and saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride successively and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure.
  • Example 44 The procedure of Example 44 is repeated to obtain ethyl 3-[5-(3,4-diisobutoxybenzoyl)-2-isobutoxyphenyl]propanoate.
  • Example 46 The procedure of Example 46 is repeated to obtain 3-[5-(3,4-diisobutoxybenzoyl)-2-isobutoxyphenyl]-propanoic acid.
  • Example 48 The procedure of Example 48 is repeated to obtain ethyl 2-[5-(2,4-diisobutoxybenzoyl)-2-isopentyloxyphenoxy]acetate.
  • Example 48 The procedure of Example 48 is repeated to obtain ethyl 2-[5-(2,4-diisopentyloxybenzoyl)-2-isopentyloxyphenoxy]acetate.
  • the organic layer thus obtained is washed with water and saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride successively and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure.
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is repeated to obtain 2-[5-(2,4-diisobutoxybenzoyl)-2-isopentyloxyphenoxy]acetic acid.
  • Example 53 The procedure of Example 53 is repeated to obtain 2-[5-(2,4-diisopentyloxybenzoyl)-2-isopentyloxyphenoxy]acetic acid.
  • the organic layer thus obtained is washed with water and saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride successively and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure.
  • the reaction mixture is added to a mixture of chloroform and water, pH is adjusted to 2 with 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and the organic layer is separated.
  • the organic layer thus obtained is washed with water and saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride successively and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure.
  • Example 61 The procedure of Example 61 is repeated to obtain isopentyl 2- ⁇ 5-[(3,4-diisopentyloxyphenyl)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]-2-isopentyloxyphenyl ⁇ acetate.
  • Example 61 The procedure of Example 61 is repeated to obtain 2- ⁇ 5-[(3,4-diisopentyloxyphenyl)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]-2-isopentyloxyphenyl ⁇ acetic acid.
  • Example 65 The procedure of Example 65 is repeated to obtain the compounds shown in Table 86.
  • Example 67 The procedure of Example 67 is repeated to obtain the compounds shown in Table 87.
  • Example 70 The procedure of Example 70 is repeated to obtain ethyl 3- ⁇ 5-[(acetylamino)(2,4-diisobutoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-isobutoxyphenyl ⁇ propanoate.
  • Example 70 The procedure of Example 70 is repeated to obtain ethyl 3- ⁇ 5-[[(aminocarbonyl)amino](2,4-diisobutoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-isobutoxyphenyl ⁇ propanoate.
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is repeated to obtain 3- ⁇ 5-[(acetylamino)(2,4-diisobutoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-isobutoxyphenyl ⁇ propanoic acid.
  • Example 73 The procedure of Example 73 is repeated to obtain 3- ⁇ 5-[[(aminocarbonyl)amino](2,4-diisobutoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-isobutoxyphenyl ⁇ propanoic acid.
  • Example 76 The procedure of Example 76 is repeated to obtain 2- ⁇ 5-[1-(3,4-diisopentyloxyphenyl)-3-ethoxy-3-oxo-1-propenyl]-2-isobutoxyphenyl ⁇ acetic acid.
  • Example 80 The procedure of Example 80 is repeated to obtain ethyl 3-bromo-5-(2,4-diisobutoxybenzoyl)-1-isobutyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate.
  • Example 82 The procedure of Example 82 is repeated to obtain 3-bromo-5-(2,4-diisobutoxybenzoyl)-1-isobutyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid.

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US20080176912A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2008-07-24 Gee-Hong Kuo Gpr40 agonists
US20090099369A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2009-04-16 Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for production of 3-[5-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-2-[(3-oxo-2-substituted-2,3-dihydro-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)methoxy]phenyl]propionate ester and intermediate for the process
US20090275757A1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2009-11-05 Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd Novel crystal of 3-[5-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2- hydroxybenzoyl]-2-[(3-hydroxy-1,2-benzisoxazol-6- yl)methoxy]phenyl]propionic acid
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US20090099369A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2009-04-16 Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for production of 3-[5-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-2-[(3-oxo-2-substituted-2,3-dihydro-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)methoxy]phenyl]propionate ester and intermediate for the process
US8017789B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2011-09-13 Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for production of 3-[5-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-2-[(3-OXO-2-substituted-2,3-dihydro-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl]methoxy]phenyl]proprionate ester and intermediate for the process
US8153816B2 (en) 2006-02-21 2012-04-10 Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. Process for production of 3-[5-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-2-[(3-OXO-2-substituted-2,3-dihydro-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)methoxy]phenyl]propionate ester and intermediate for the process
US20090275757A1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2009-11-05 Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd Novel crystal of 3-[5-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2- hydroxybenzoyl]-2-[(3-hydroxy-1,2-benzisoxazol-6- yl)methoxy]phenyl]propionic acid
US7977492B2 (en) 2006-05-26 2011-07-12 Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. Crystal of 3-[5-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-2-[(3-hydroxy-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)methoxy]phenyl]propionic acid
US20080176912A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2008-07-24 Gee-Hong Kuo Gpr40 agonists
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