US6927385B2 - Optical sensor and method of suppressing interference light therefor - Google Patents

Optical sensor and method of suppressing interference light therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US6927385B2
US6927385B2 US10/109,567 US10956702A US6927385B2 US 6927385 B2 US6927385 B2 US 6927385B2 US 10956702 A US10956702 A US 10956702A US 6927385 B2 US6927385 B2 US 6927385B2
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Prior art keywords
light
pulses
specified
packages
light receiver
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US10/109,567
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US20020167706A1 (en
Inventor
Hubert Adamietz
Yasunobu Sakai
Martin Schurer
Folke Ojemann
Jochen Betz
Gerold Stauss
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Omron Corp
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Omron Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
    • G01D3/028—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure
    • G01D3/032—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure affecting incoming signal, e.g. by averaging; gating undesired signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
    • G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
    • G01V8/12—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using one transmitter and one receiver

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an optical sensor having a light transmitter for transmitting pulsed light and a light receiver for receiving light and determining whether the received light was from the light transmitter, as well as a method of suppressing effects of interference light on the light received. More particularly, this invention relates to such an optical sensor and such a method wherein the pulsed light is transmitted according to a specified pattern including a pair of pulse packages separated by a specified time interval and each including a plurality of pulses following one another at a specified carrier frequency.
  • German patent publication DE 42 24 784 C2 disclosed a method of eliminating the effects of noise light in a light barrier.
  • the groups of coded light pulses are transmitted through a time window which is smaller than an expected minimum interval between noise pulses (say, from a fluorescent lamp). Even with a noise pulse superposed, a noise-free pulse group will always be received by the receiver, and it is sufficient to conclude that the transmitted light has been received.
  • German patent publication DE 31 19 876 A1 disclosed an infra-red transmission/reception system, say, for a light barrier arrangement, providing for multiple coding of transmitted signals, for example, by modulating a pulse-coded signal with a carrier frequency. Multiple coding permits several light barrier arrangements to be operated concurrently if each arrangement uses a different coding.
  • the carrier frequency used was 31.25 kHz.
  • Modem fluorescent lamps generate modulated light with high frequencies with basic frequency of about 100 kHz in the case of a so-called energy-saving type.
  • basic frequency With a linearly elongated type of fluorescent tube, light from the center portion of the tube is modulated with basic frequency of 60-80 kHz and it is about 30-40 kHz at the end parts of the tube.
  • Steep edges entail high harmonic components due to which even higher frequencies are generated.
  • a method according to this invention may be characterized not only as having a light transmitter for transmitting pulsed light according to a specified pulse pattern and a light receiver adapted to receive emitted light from the light transmitter but also wherein the received light signal is converted into an electrical signal and is directly and selectively passed through a bandpass filter with a pass band in the range of the carrier frequency for generating the transmitted light signal.
  • the pulse pattern includes what are herein referred to as pulse packages with a carrier frequency, each including several light pulses transmitted successively.
  • the separation between two successive pulse packages is adjusted to the measuring distance of the optical sensor (say, the distance of separation between the light transmitter and the light receiver).
  • the carrier frequency is selected high enough for eliminating effects of noise light. If the carrier frequency is 2 MHz, the duration of each pulse and the intervals therebetween may be about 250 ns.
  • the light transmitter may be adapted to transmit a group of two or more pulse packages at a specified time interval, or two or more such groups separated still another specified time interval, to be used as one or more of criteria for the optical sensor to determine whether or not the received light signal was purely due to noise or a result of light transmission from its light transmitter.
  • the total duration of time for these groups of pulse packages to be emitted is preferably shorter than a minimum distance for the case of anticipated noise light pulses. It may be decided that light signal from the light transmitter has been received on the condition that at least two pulse packages with the specified interval in between have been received.
  • the pulse package can still be recognized as one due to the signals from the light transmitter, or “valid”.
  • the pulse packages have a carrier frequency, comprising several pulses. Thus, only the noise pulses, and not the pulse packages, are filtered out by the bandpass filter. In other words, the criterion for a valid reception is not the entire transmission of the pulses but only the presence of two pulse packages at the right times.
  • signal pulses generated by the light receiver are passed through a comparator with a threshold, cutting off pulses less than the threshold and normalizing the passed pulses to a predetermined height.
  • a signal normalization of this type serves to eliminate the disturbing effects of very short and high-energy flashes. Then, light signals with duration less than a predetermined limit value are suppressed, based on the idea that very narrow signals cannot be a part of the useful signal from the light transmitter. The limit value may be adjusted, depending upon the width of the light pulse.
  • a pulse width comparator may be used according to this invention to output a pulse of a uniform width in response to the input of a pulse with width greater than a predetermined standard width.
  • the evaluation of received pulse package depends only on the number of received pulses, not on their duration. This is advantageous because pulses of constant duration are transmitted and hence transmission distortions and interference from additional external pulses can be eliminated.
  • a pulse expander to increase the uniform width of the signal pulses from the pulse width comparator by a predetermined uniform amount.
  • the broadened pulses are then passed through an integrator over a predetermined period of time and the integrated result is compared with a threshold value by a comparator.
  • Individual noise pulses can no longer influence the result of the integration because they do not reach the threshold adjusted to a pulse package.
  • the result of the evaluation by the use of such a threshold corresponds to the evaluation of a pulse package.
  • the pulses outputted from the pulse width comparator are relatively narrow. After these narrow pulses pass through the pulse expander, there result uniform pulses with a constant and relatively long duration.
  • the threshold of the comparator disposed downstream to the integrator can be raised, and the raised operating threshold can achieve a good signal-to-noise ratio, making the validity evaluation by the comparator more stable.
  • the passage of signals through the light receiver may be blocked for a certain length of time specified according to the distance between the pulse packages or between the groups of pulse packages. Such blocking may be effected in synchronism with the light transmission from the light transmitter. No line connection is necessarily required between the light transmitter and the light receiver for this purpose.
  • An optical sensor embodying this invention is generally characterized as using any of the methods described above for suppressing effects of interference light. It includes a light transmitter for transmitting pulsed light signals, having a modulator circuit for modulating the pulsed light signals with a carrier frequency, and a light receiver for receiving the pulsed light signals from the light transmitter, including a photoelectric converting element for converting a received light signal into an electrical signal and a bandpass circuit disposed immediately downstream to the photoelectric converting element wherein the bandpass circuit has a bandpass range including the carrier frequency.
  • the photoelectric converting element may be directly a part of the bandpass filter.
  • An amplifier with bandpass property of a bandpass filter may be conveniently formed with passive components and transistors.
  • the light receiver may include a pulse width comparator for suppressing pulses of received signal which are not wider than a specified standard width.
  • the light receiver may also include a resonance circuit having a resonance frequency which is at the middle of the bandpass range of the bandpass circuit. With such a resonance circuit, saturation of the amplifier by noise light can be effectively prevented.
  • a resonance circuit of this type may be provided by inserting an inductor between the photoelectric converting element and the ground.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an optical sensor embodying this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a pulse diagram of the light signal transmitted from the light transmitter of FIG. 1 .
  • FIGS. 3-1 , 3 - 2 , 3 - 3 , 3 - 4 , 3 - 5 , 3 - 6 and 3 - 7 are waveform diagrams of signals received and processed within the light receiver of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an optical sensor embodying this invention, comprising a light transmitter 10 for transmitting light signals and a light receiver 12 , having a modulator circuit 11 for modulating the pulsed light signals with a carrier frequency.
  • a light signal transmitted from 10 upon being received by the light receiver 12 , is converted into an electrical signal by a photodiode 14 and is transmitted to an amplifier with bandpass properties (herein referred to as the “amplifier-bandpass filter” 16 ).
  • the center frequency of this amplifier-bandpass filter 16 is 2 MHz (selected as being above the modulation frequencies of fluorescent lamps).
  • the signal outputted from the amplifier-bandpass filter 16 is received by a comparator 18 by which disturbing effects from high-energy flashes are eliminated and the signal is digitized.
  • the signal outputted from this comparator 18 is received by an evaluator 20 , to be described more in detail below.
  • FIG. 2 is a pulse diagram of the light signal transmitted from the light transmitter 10 .
  • several (four in the example shown) light pulses 36 of same height are transmitted successively as a pulse package 38 with a carrier frequency of 2 MHz, the duration of each pulse 36 (shown as “a”) and the intervals therebetween (shown as “b”) are both 250 ns.
  • another pair of pulse packages 38 and 38 ′ is transmitted with the same specified time interval therebetween.
  • the carrier frequency of 2 MHz is sufficiently high in view of the modulation frequencies of noise light, say, from a fluorescent lamp of an energy-saving type.
  • a simple bandpass filter may be used sufficiently for the suppression of noise light.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 are referenced next together to explain more in detail the functions of various components of the light receiver 12 both explained above and yet to be described, contained within a common housing 40 .
  • numeral 42 symbolically represents a resonance circuit referenced above.
  • the output from the photodiode 14 may be as shown in FIG. 3-1 , the uniformly shaped pulses 36 resulting in unequal electrical pulses due to the noise.
  • their waveform may become as shown in FIG. 3-2 wherein numeral 28 indicates the threshold level of the comparator 18 .
  • the signal After passing through this comparator 18 , the signal may appear as shown in FIG. 3-3 , including pulses with different widths.
  • the evaluator 20 includes a pulse width comparator 30 and a pulse expander 32 , as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the signal outputted from the comparator 18 with waveform shown in FIG. 3-3 is first passed through the pulse width comparator 30 which serves to suppress any of inputted pulses with a width less than a specified standard value. This is based on the idea that it is not likely that very narrow pulses with widths smaller than such a specified standard value were in response to the light received from the light transmitter 10 and hence to be ignored by the sensor, although very wide pulse should not be simple-mindedly ignored because they may very well have resulted when a noise pulse was superposed to one of the pulses 36 in the received pulse package 38 .
  • the pulse width comparator 30 also serves to output pulses with a uniform standard width in response to the individually inputted pulses each with a width greater than the aforementioned specified standard width.
  • the output from the pulse width comparator 30 may be as shown in FIG. 3-4 .
  • FIG. 3-4 shows that the first of the four inputted pulses has been thereby suppressed, resulting in three pulses with equal widths.
  • the evaluation of the pulse package received by the light receiver 12 according to this invention is effected by the evaluator 20 in terms of the number of the received pulses, not of their widths.
  • the pulses outputted from the pulse width comparator 30 are transmitted successively through a pulse expander 32 , an integrator 34 and another comparator 36 , as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the pulse expander 32 serves to increase the width of the received pulses, as shown in FIG. 3-5 , such that the signals outputted from the integrator 34 will be higher, hence that a higher signal-to-noise ratio will be achieved and that a higher operating threshold 37 may be set for the comparator 36 .
  • the output from the integrator 34 is a monotonically increasing signal as shown in FIG. 3-6 and is compared by the comparator 36 with its threshold 37 .
  • the comparator 36 outputs a judgment signal as shown in FIG. 3-7 , indicating that the pulse package received by the light receiver 12 and processed as explained above is to be regarded not purely as a result of noise but as representing a wave package originally transmitted from the light transmitter 10 with the waveform as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • time interval between two mutually adjoining wave packages (such as indicated by 38 and 38 ′) was not utilized in the example above for determining whether or not the light emitted from the light transmitter 10 has been received by the light receiver 12
  • this time interval may also be used as one of criteria for the judgment by the evaluator 20 .
  • more stringent criteria may be used for the judgment, including the receiving of two or more groups of pulse packages as shown in FIG. 2 ( FIG. 2 showing two of such groups of two pulse packages each), separated by a specified time interval “d”.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
US10/109,567 2001-04-02 2002-03-27 Optical sensor and method of suppressing interference light therefor Expired - Fee Related US6927385B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10117838A DE10117838A1 (de) 2001-04-02 2001-04-02 Verfahren zur Störlichtunterdrückung und Messgerät
DE10117838.7 2001-04-02

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DE (1) DE10117838A1 (de)

Cited By (7)

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US20070132599A1 (en) * 2005-11-19 2007-06-14 Dufaux Douglas P Apparatus and method for measuring precipitation
US20080004111A1 (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-03 Logitech Europe S.A. Non Impact Video Game Controller for Dancing Games
US20090016735A1 (en) * 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Sick Ag Optelectronic sensor
US9507049B2 (en) 2013-10-04 2016-11-29 Banner Engineering Object sensing using dynamic demodulation
US10969477B2 (en) 2015-10-01 2021-04-06 Datalogic Ip Tech S.R.L. Method to detect a signal and optoelectronic sensor
US20210118154A1 (en) * 2019-10-16 2021-04-22 Banner Engineering Corp. Image-based jam detection
US12078725B2 (en) 2021-03-09 2024-09-03 Banner Engineering Corp. Non-contact motion detection sensor utilizing distance and intensity statistics

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JP4455194B2 (ja) * 2004-07-09 2010-04-21 シャープ株式会社 光通信用受信回路および電子機器
DE102006016027A1 (de) * 2006-04-05 2007-10-11 Sick Ag Synchronisationsverfahren für eine Lichtschranke
KR100976404B1 (ko) * 2007-10-30 2010-08-17 실리콤텍(주) 무선 제어를 위한 적외선 수신기에서의 신호 수신 제어방법 및 제어 회로와 이 제어 회로를 포함하는 적외선수신기
KR101410269B1 (ko) 2012-12-03 2014-06-20 박현민 일체형 무선 적외선 감지기
US9641259B1 (en) * 2016-06-20 2017-05-02 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. System and method for pulsed based receiver photo sensor
CN111947689A (zh) * 2019-05-17 2020-11-17 敦宏科技股份有限公司 用于消除光学近接感测装置的环境光和光学串扰的方法
DE202019106397U1 (de) * 2019-11-15 2020-07-29 Leuze Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg Lichtschrankenanordnung
CN113049012B (zh) * 2021-03-10 2023-06-27 欧姆龙(上海)有限公司 发光装置和光电传感器
CN118392217B (zh) * 2024-06-24 2024-09-27 深圳市富民微科技有限公司 一种光电传感器的抗干扰方法及装置

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DE4432114C1 (de) * 1994-09-09 1995-06-08 Hella Kg Hueck & Co Schaltungsanordnung zur Fremdlichtunterdrückung bei einer Lichtschrankenanordnung

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US3097340A (en) 1961-05-31 1963-07-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Generating system producing constant width pulses from input pulses of indeterminate height and duration
US3676699A (en) 1971-09-13 1972-07-11 Us Navy Asynchronous pulse width filter
US3866177A (en) * 1972-08-12 1975-02-11 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Remote control utilizing pulsed beam of light frequency
US4095125A (en) 1977-02-28 1978-06-13 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Pulse signal detector and/or filter
DE3125728A1 (de) 1980-06-30 1982-02-04 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co., Kyoto Photoelektrischer schalter
DE3435097A1 (de) 1983-09-30 1985-04-18 Mitsubishi Denki K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Schaltungsanordnung zum regenerieren von eingangsimpulsfolgen
US4724312A (en) * 1986-01-22 1988-02-09 Snaper Alvin A Proximity detection and warning system having a light pulse sensor and circuit responsive only to particular select frequencies
DE3823007A1 (de) 1988-07-07 1990-01-11 Telefunken Electronic Gmbh Optischer sensor
DE4015912A1 (de) 1989-07-05 1991-01-17 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Fotoelektrischer schalter
US5103085A (en) * 1990-09-05 1992-04-07 Zimmerman Thomas G Photoelectric proximity detector and switch
US5574585A (en) * 1991-05-30 1996-11-12 Feller Ag Transmission method and apparatus for an infrared remote control system
US5532472A (en) * 1994-11-15 1996-07-02 Sunx Kabushiki Kaisha Photoelectric switch monitoring the duration of pulsed light to prevent false signals due to ambient conditions
US5801376A (en) 1996-03-21 1998-09-01 Leuze Lumiflex Gmbh & Co. Photoelectric barrier and method for operation
DE19613940A1 (de) 1996-04-06 1997-10-09 Leuze Electronic Gmbh & Co Verfahren zur Elimination von Störsignalen
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070132599A1 (en) * 2005-11-19 2007-06-14 Dufaux Douglas P Apparatus and method for measuring precipitation
US7633398B2 (en) 2005-11-19 2009-12-15 Noonan Technologies, Llc Apparatus and method for measuring precipitation
US20080004111A1 (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-03 Logitech Europe S.A. Non Impact Video Game Controller for Dancing Games
US20090016735A1 (en) * 2007-07-10 2009-01-15 Sick Ag Optelectronic sensor
US8050570B2 (en) * 2007-07-10 2011-11-01 Sick Ag Optoelectronic sensor
US9507049B2 (en) 2013-10-04 2016-11-29 Banner Engineering Object sensing using dynamic demodulation
US10969477B2 (en) 2015-10-01 2021-04-06 Datalogic Ip Tech S.R.L. Method to detect a signal and optoelectronic sensor
US20210118154A1 (en) * 2019-10-16 2021-04-22 Banner Engineering Corp. Image-based jam detection
US11521328B2 (en) * 2019-10-16 2022-12-06 Banner Engineering Corp Image-based jam detection
US11854216B2 (en) 2019-10-16 2023-12-26 Banner Engineering Corp. Image-based jam detection
US12078725B2 (en) 2021-03-09 2024-09-03 Banner Engineering Corp. Non-contact motion detection sensor utilizing distance and intensity statistics
US12111397B2 (en) 2021-03-09 2024-10-08 Banner Engineering Corp. Pixel domain field calibration of triangulation sensors

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Publication number Publication date
CN100483089C (zh) 2009-04-29
JP2002350189A (ja) 2002-12-04
JP4243824B2 (ja) 2009-03-25
EP1248077A3 (de) 2004-08-25
EP1248077A2 (de) 2002-10-09
US20020167706A1 (en) 2002-11-14
DE10117838A1 (de) 2002-10-17
CN1379227A (zh) 2002-11-13

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