US6325515B1 - Cube corner retroreflective article with enhanced pigmentation - Google Patents

Cube corner retroreflective article with enhanced pigmentation Download PDF

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Publication number
US6325515B1
US6325515B1 US09/548,894 US54889400A US6325515B1 US 6325515 B1 US6325515 B1 US 6325515B1 US 54889400 A US54889400 A US 54889400A US 6325515 B1 US6325515 B1 US 6325515B1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
sheeting
retroreflective
cube
sets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US09/548,894
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English (en)
Inventor
James C. Coderre
Dennis J. Chirhart
John W. Frank
Stephen A. Johnson
Daniel J. McGurran
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Innovative Properties Co
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3M Innovative Properties Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Co filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Co
Assigned to 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY reassignment 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHIRHART, DENNIS J., CODERRE, JAMES C., FRANK, JOHN W., JOHNSON, STEPHEN A., MCGURRAN, DANIEL J.
Priority to US09/548,894 priority Critical patent/US6325515B1/en
Priority to AT01924125T priority patent/ATE275733T1/de
Priority to BRPI0109984-1A priority patent/BR0109984B1/pt
Priority to CA002404062A priority patent/CA2404062A1/en
Priority to DE60105433T priority patent/DE60105433T2/de
Priority to EP01924125A priority patent/EP1301813B1/en
Priority to NZ521798A priority patent/NZ521798A/en
Priority to PCT/US2001/007341 priority patent/WO2001079897A2/en
Priority to CNB018081223A priority patent/CN1250985C/zh
Priority to RU2002127789/28A priority patent/RU2002127789A/ru
Priority to KR1020027013635A priority patent/KR100787410B1/ko
Priority to JP2001576505A priority patent/JP4805517B2/ja
Priority to AU2001250808A priority patent/AU2001250808A1/en
Priority to MYPI20011149A priority patent/MY126016A/en
Publication of US6325515B1 publication Critical patent/US6325515B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to ZA200209191A priority patent/ZA200209191B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/122—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
    • G02B5/124—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S359/00—Optical: systems and elements
    • Y10S359/90—Methods
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/2457—Parallel ribs and/or grooves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/2457—Parallel ribs and/or grooves
    • Y10T428/24579—Parallel ribs and/or grooves with particulate matter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to reflective articles.
  • the invention has particular application to retroreflective sheeting with a multiplicity of cube corner elements.
  • Retroreflective materials are configured to receive light rays impinging upon a viewing surface and so alter the rays that they are reflected back toward their sources. Retroreflective material is generally used to enhance low-light visibility of articles to which the retroreflective material is attached. Such material is used in a variety of applications ranging from traffic signs to bicycle reflectors. By enhancing low-light visibility, retroreflective materials enhance safety, provide decoration, and increase conspicuity in general.
  • microsphere-based sheeting Two known types include microsphere-based sheeting and cube corner sheeting.
  • Microsphere-based sheeting sometimes referred to as “beaded” sheeting, employs a multitude of microspheres typically at least partially imbedded in a binder layer and having associated specular or diffuse reflecting materials (e.g., pigment particles, metal flakes, vapor coats) to retroreflect incident light.
  • specular or diffuse reflecting materials e.g., pigment particles, metal flakes, vapor coats
  • Cube corner retroreflective sheeting comprises a body portion typically having a substantially planar viewing surface and a structured surface comprising a plurality of cube corner elements.
  • Each cube corner element comprises three approximately mutually perpendicular optical faces that intersect at a cube apex or, where the cube apex is truncated, that otherwise converge at an uppermost portion.
  • An example of this is vapor-coated retroreflective sheeting.
  • Cube corner sheeting typically has a much higher retroreflectance than beaded sheeting, where retroreflectance is expressed in units of candelas per lux per square meter.
  • certain graphics applications require not only high retroreflectance but high daytime “whiteness”.
  • the whiteness of an object is sometimes described in terms of the second of the tristimulus coordinates (X,Y,Z) for the object, and thus is referred to as “cap-Y”.
  • the cap-Y scale ranges from 0 for a perfectly black object to 100 for a perfectly white object.
  • the whiteness of an object is also sometimes described in terms of its “Luminance Factor”, ranging from 0 to 1.
  • Cube corner sheetings which have an aluminum or other metal vapor coat applied to the structured surface tend to have a somewhat grayish appearance, rather than white.
  • Retroreflective sheeting includes a transparent film, a pigmented layer having pigmented indicia thereon, and a retroreflective cube layer.
  • the cube layer includes a number of cube corner elements bounded by at least two sets of intersecting grooves.
  • a metallic film is disposed on at least some of the cube corner elements.
  • the pigmented layer is interposed between the transparent film and the cube layer, and has pigmented indicia aligned with at least one of the sets of intersecting grooves.
  • FIG. 1A is a top perspective view of a sheet of retroreflective material.
  • FIG. 1B is a top perspective view of another example of a sheet of retroreflective material.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a portion of the retroreflective sheet of FIG. 1 A.
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a portion of a retroreflective sheet of FIG. 1A
  • FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a portion of a retroreflective sheet of FIG. 1 A.
  • FIG. 5 is cross-sectional elevation view of a retroreflective sheet of FIG. 1 A
  • FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a sheet 1 of retroreflective material having a multiplicity of cube corner elements.
  • Sheet 1 shown in FIG. 1A is suitable for a number of applications including traffic signs, clothing, vehicle markings, and any other applications where increased conspicuity or retroreflection with graphics is desired.
  • Sheet 1 includes an overlay layer 34 (shown in FIG. 5 ), a retroreflective layer, for example, cube layer 32 that includes viewing surface 33 , and a structured surface 35 (shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 ).
  • the sheet 1 also includes pigmented indicia 16 which appears in the example as intersecting sets of parallel lines.
  • FIG. 1B is another example of a retroreflective material 1 a where the cube layer 32 a is arranged in multiple orientations and appears as two sets of longitudinal stripes 3 a , 3 b.
  • FIG. 2 shows a magnified plan view of the retroreflective sheeting as seen from viewing surface 33 where the structured surface 35 is visible in detail.
  • Three sets of parallel grooves 4 , 6 , 8 are formed in the structured surface 35 , defining cube corner elements 10 and 12 which each have three faces that converge at apexes 10 a , 12 a respectively.
  • Apexes 10 a , 12 a protrude from structured surface 35 and are the rearmost extremities of elements 10 , 12 , and the “bottom” or “vertex” of grooves 4 , 6 , 8 (the front-most portion, where opposed groove side surfaces intersect) define triangular-shaped bases of elements 10 , 12 .
  • the faces of cube corner element 10 comprise mutually perpendicular groove side surfaces 4 a , 6 a , 8 a
  • the faces of structure 12 comprise mutually perpendicular groove side surfaces 4 b , 6 b , 8 b .
  • FIG. 2 For ease of illustration, only some of the side surfaces of grooves 4 , 6 , 8 are shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the groove sets intersect each other at about 60 degree included angles.
  • the faces of the cube corner elements are substantially smooth and, when metallized, are characterized by high specular reflectivity and small or negligible diffuse reflectivity.
  • cube corner elements 10 and 12 are bounded by three sets of grooves, 4 , 6 , and 8 . Cube corner elements bounded by two sets of grooves are also known.
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a portion of a retroreflective sheet.
  • a portion of retroreflective sheet 14 is shown defined by parallel grooves 4 , 6 , and 8 .
  • grooves 4 , 6 , and 8 are shown with angles of about 60 degrees, other suitable angles can be used.
  • Sheet 14 includes pigmented indicia 16 that is shown in the form of two parallel markings 18 that are substantially aligned with grooves 4 .
  • Indicia 16 repeats over the remainder of sheet 14 in order to enhance pigmentation for daytime viewing.
  • indicia 16 is colored white to increase the cap Y value of sheet 14 .
  • Indicia 16 can include sets of dots, or other suitable shapes.
  • such features are substantially aligned with at least one set of grooves 4 , 6 , or 8 .
  • aligning indicia 16 with at least one set of grooves By aligning indicia 16 with at least one set of grooves, less retroreflectivity is sacrificed for a given increase in pigmentation. Also, aligning indicia 16 with at least one set of grooves increases the retroreflectivity for a given amount of pigmentation over a unit of surface area.
  • the indicia are aligned with at least one groove of one set of longitudinal stripes, for example stripes 3 a . It is contemplated that the indicia are aligned with at least one groove of both sets of longitudinal stripes 3 a , 3 b.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a portion of the retroreflective sheet of FIG. 1 A.
  • the portion of sheet 1 illustrated in FIG. 4 is similar to that of FIG. 3, except that pigmented indicia 16 comprises two sets of parallel stripes 18 , 22 , such as that shown in FIGS. IA and 1 B.
  • each set of stripes is still substantially aligned with one of the groove sets 4 , 6 , 8 .
  • stripes 18 are aligned with grooves 4
  • stripes 22 are aligned with grooves 8 and extend the length of the sheet 1 .
  • stripes 16 and 18 intersect at an angle, ⁇ (theta), which is substantially the same as the angle of intersection between grooves 4 and 8 .
  • pigmented indicia 16 may comprise as many sets of stripes as there are sets of grooves.
  • stripes 16 and 18 have a uniform width ranging between 0.1 mm and about 2.0 mm.
  • the pigmented indicia cover a portion of the retroreflective surface ranging from 10% to 80% although other ranges are possible.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a retroreflective sheet 24 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Sheet 24 includes base layer 26 , adhesive layer 28 , metallic layer 30 , cube layer 32 , and overlay layer 34 .
  • base layer 26 is a liner such as a silicone coated release liner that is bonded to adhesive layer 28 .
  • adhesive layer 28 is a pressure sensitive adhesive, however adhesive layer 28 can be any suitable adhesive.
  • One specific example is tackified acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive.
  • Layer 28 is also adhered to metallic layer 30 , which can be preferably a coating of vaporized aluminum that is deposited onto cube layer 32 .
  • a suitable primer material such as a titanium metal sputter coated on cube layer 32 has been found to enhance the adhesion of the vapor deposition.
  • a metallic layer such as layer 30 , increases the entrance angularity of cube layer 32 .
  • Cube layer 32 can be any suitable cube layer adapted to reflect light back towards its source, for example, the cube layer can be formed from a polycarbonate. Alternatively, the cubes could be cast from an epoxy acrylate radiation curable resin. In one example, layer 32 includes substantially planar viewing surface 33 and structured surface 35 although other viewing surfaces are contemplated. Layer 32 can also include cube corner elements such as elements 10 , 12 , of FIG. 2, that are canted with respect to each other such that retroreflectivity is improved over a wider range in incident angles.
  • Overlay layer 34 includes substantially transparent cover film 36 , pigmented layer 38 , and pigmented indicia 16 .
  • layer 34 is constructed from layers of polyester and copolyester such as layers of polyethylene terephthalate and co-polyethylene terephthalate (PET/COPET).
  • PET/COPET co-polyethylene terephthalate
  • COPET co-polyethylene terephthalate
  • the overlay 34 is formed by coextruding two resins.
  • Exemplary polyester material includes commonly available from Eastman Chemical Company of Kinsport, Tenn.
  • Exemplary copolyester material is available from Eastman Chemical Company of Kingsport, Tenn.
  • layer 34 is a PET/COPET where layer 36 is PET and layer 38 is COPET.
  • Layer 34 may be termed a “bilayer” where layer 34 comprises two layers.
  • pigmented indicia 16 is disposed on a surface of overlay layer 34 that is protected from the elements. The disposition of this pigmented indicia can be accomplished by the use of a rotogravure printing operation. Those skilled in this technology can readily design, cut a gravure cylinder, and print this COPET “bilayer” using this method.
  • the pigmented indicia 16 can be disposed on cube layer 32 .
  • Film 36 is adapted for outside exposure.
  • film 36 can have resistance to ultraviolet light, water, and impact. Further, film 36 is also suitable for exposure to temperatures ranging from about ⁇ 30 degrees Celsius to over 60 degrees Celsius.
  • PET film 36 includes an ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer.
  • layer 36 can include a triazine UV absorber which is characterized by both broad-band UV absorption, peaking between 300-360 nm and low volatility to provide a combination of low color, excellent permanence, high temperature stability and UV stability.
  • a triazine UV absorber is sold under the brand designation Cyasorb UV-1164 from Cytec Industries in Batavia, Ill.
  • another form of additive can be added to layer 36 to protect it from light.
  • HALS hindered amine light stabilizer
  • One set of HALS compositions are those containing polymeric compounds made of substituted hydroxypiperidines, including the polycondensation product of a hydroxypiperidines with succinic acid or with a triazine.
  • a particular HALS compound is the polycondensation product of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine with succinic acid.
  • suitable HALS compositions are available commercially, for example, under the trade designation “Tinuvin” (such as “Tinuvin 622”) available from Ciba of Tarrytown, N.Y.
  • the UV stabilizer and HALS can be used alone or in combination, and can be added to either, or both of the PET layer 36 and COPET layer 38 .
  • Pigmented layer 38 is transparent and includes pigmented indicia 16 .
  • Layer 38 can be clear (uncolored) or it can be colored to add visual impact to sheet 24 .
  • layer 38 can be colored red.
  • layers 36 and 38 can be colored.
  • the cube layer 32 can be colored.
  • the inner surface of the overlay is printed a color and covered with pigmented indicia 16 .
  • Layer 38 is preferably constructed from COPET and, in the example, is easier to print on than PET.
  • the pigmented indicia 16 can be screen printed onto layer 38 in a manner known in the art.
  • the ink used for indicia is vinyl based with titanium dioxide pigment that is compatible with the COPET layer on which it is printed.
  • layer 34 has been described as a PET/COPET bilayer, layer 34 can also be constructed from other materials such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
  • layer 34 is a monolayer.
  • layer 34 is polyurethane.
  • the monolayers can include additives.
  • pigmented indicia are placed on the monolayer either on the outer surface of layer 34 or on the inner surface between layer 34 and cube layer 32 .
  • layer 34 is laminated, e.g., heat laminated, or otherwise attached to cube layer 32 to form retroreflective sheet 24 .
  • Such lamination can be effected in any suitable manner and is known in the art. Heated lamination is particularly advantageous for retroreflective sheeting with a PET/COPET overlay.
  • solvent in the ink can cause some crystallization of the COPET layer, and thus cloud the layer to some extent. Re-heating the crystalline COPET (such as during a heated lamination) can convert it to an amorphous state and thus increase the clarity of the layer. Additionally, the bond between the PET layer and COPET layer can be enhanced when subjected to the heated lamination.
  • An exemplary retroreflective sheeting in accordance with the teachings above was prepared as follows.
  • a PMMA overlay film was printed with a vinyl-based ink having a titanium dioxide pigment.
  • the print pattern was a crosshatch that was intentionally designed to align with the grooves of the cube layer.
  • a polycarbonate cube layer was then prepared using standard thermal processing methods.
  • the overlay layer was laminated to the cube layer using standard heat lamination techniques, while ensuring that the printed side of the overlay layer faced the cube layer, thus burying the printed indicia under the overlay.
  • the opposite side of the cube layer was then primed by sputter-coating it with a metal primer such as a titanium. Once the priming was complete, a layer of vaporized aluminum was deposited upon the primed surface. Adhesive was applied to the metallized side of the cube layer to complete the retroreflective sheeting.
  • PET/COPET bilayer has advantages over PMMA.
  • PET/COPET is typically less expensive than PMMA, and does not require an additional smoothing film when heat laminating the overlay 34 to the cube layer. PET/COPET is also less brittle and thus less prone to fracturing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
US09/548,894 2000-03-21 2000-04-13 Cube corner retroreflective article with enhanced pigmentation Expired - Lifetime US6325515B1 (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/548,894 US6325515B1 (en) 2000-03-21 2000-04-13 Cube corner retroreflective article with enhanced pigmentation
CNB018081223A CN1250985C (zh) 2000-04-13 2001-03-07 具有增强的着色性的立方角逆向反射制品
KR1020027013635A KR100787410B1 (ko) 2000-04-13 2001-03-07 재귀 반사 큐브 코너 시트
CA002404062A CA2404062A1 (en) 2000-04-13 2001-03-07 Cube corner retroreflective article with enhanced pigmentation
DE60105433T DE60105433T2 (de) 2000-04-13 2001-03-07 Retroreflektierender würfel-ecken artikel mit verstärkter pigmentierung
EP01924125A EP1301813B1 (en) 2000-04-13 2001-03-07 Cube corner retroreflective article with enhanced pigmentation
NZ521798A NZ521798A (en) 2000-04-13 2001-03-07 Cube corner retroreflective article with enhanced pigmentation
PCT/US2001/007341 WO2001079897A2 (en) 2000-04-13 2001-03-07 Cube corner retroreflective article with enhanced pigmentation
AT01924125T ATE275733T1 (de) 2000-04-13 2001-03-07 Retroreflektierender würfel-ecken artikel mit verstärkter pigmentierung
RU2002127789/28A RU2002127789A (ru) 2000-04-13 2001-03-07 Световозвращающее изделие с кубическими уголковыми элементами с улучшенной пигментацией
BRPI0109984-1A BR0109984B1 (pt) 2000-04-13 2001-03-07 Folha de canto cúbico retrorreflexiva, e, método para fabricação da mesma
JP2001576505A JP4805517B2 (ja) 2000-04-13 2001-03-07 増強された着色性を有するキューブコーナー再帰反射物品
AU2001250808A AU2001250808A1 (en) 2000-04-13 2001-03-07 Cube corner retroreflective article with enhanced pigmentation
MYPI20011149A MY126016A (en) 2000-04-13 2001-03-13 Cube corner retroreflective article with enhanded pigmentation
ZA200209191A ZA200209191B (en) 2000-04-13 2002-11-12 Cube corner retroreflective article with enhanced pigmentation.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29120439 2000-03-21
US29120546 2000-03-21
US09/548,894 US6325515B1 (en) 2000-03-21 2000-04-13 Cube corner retroreflective article with enhanced pigmentation

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US29120546 Continuation-In-Part 2000-03-21 2000-03-21

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US (1) US6325515B1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1301813B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP4805517B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR100787410B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN1250985C (ja)
AT (1) ATE275733T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU2001250808A1 (ja)
BR (1) BR0109984B1 (ja)
CA (1) CA2404062A1 (ja)
DE (1) DE60105433T2 (ja)
MY (1) MY126016A (ja)
NZ (1) NZ521798A (ja)
RU (1) RU2002127789A (ja)
WO (1) WO2001079897A2 (ja)
ZA (1) ZA200209191B (ja)

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CH703282A1 (de) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-15 Studio Crr Gmbh Reflektierendes Element.
US8534849B2 (en) 2009-04-15 2013-09-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflecting optical construction
CN103688197A (zh) * 2011-01-25 2014-03-26 艾利丹尼森公司 通过将印刷图案应用于后向反射膜控制后向反射性的方法和由此生产的片材
CN103998954A (zh) * 2011-10-19 2014-08-20 艾利丹尼森公司 具有半色调印刷的前表面的反向反射片材
US8891038B2 (en) 2009-04-15 2014-11-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Lightguide with optical film containing voids and blacklight for display system
US8964146B2 (en) 2009-04-15 2015-02-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film for preventing optical coupling
US9110235B2 (en) 2009-10-16 2015-08-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting and license plate with reduced retroreflectivity at high entrance angles
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US9791604B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2017-10-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective articles including optically active areas and optically inactive areas
US9971074B2 (en) 2013-08-19 2018-05-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting including a substantially amorphous polymeric layer
US10094960B2 (en) 2013-08-19 2018-10-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting including a low elastic modulus layer
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BR0109984A (pt) 2004-03-23
RU2002127789A (ru) 2004-04-20
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NZ521798A (en) 2004-03-26
JP4805517B2 (ja) 2011-11-02
CN1436309A (zh) 2003-08-13
BR0109984B1 (pt) 2014-01-28
MY126016A (en) 2006-09-29
WO2001079897A2 (en) 2001-10-25
EP1301813B1 (en) 2004-09-08
DE60105433T2 (de) 2005-09-22
CN1250985C (zh) 2006-04-12
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JP2003531396A (ja) 2003-10-21
KR20030045669A (ko) 2003-06-11

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