Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/08—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
  • C08F283/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polycarbonates or saturated polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers

Definitions

• This invention relates to polycarbonates (PC) terminated by allylphenols, preferably eugenol, and subsequently grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) in the melt, to their use as blending partners for polyamides (PA) and to the polycarbonate/polyamide blends.
• PC polycarbonates
• allylphenols preferably eugenol
• MA maleic anhydride
• Anhydride-terminated polycarbonates are described in EP-A 270 809. They are used as blending partners for polyamide. The blends obtained show inadequate breaking elongation for certain applications. In addition, the PC component is soluble in methylene chloride.
• the problem addressed by the present invention was to provide new allylphenol-terminated aromatic polycarbonates grafted with maleic anhydride which could be blended with polyamide to form blends having high breaking elongation coupled with high resistance to solvents.
• the present invention relates to allylphenol-terminated aromatic polycarbonates grafted with maleic anhydride.
• the polycarbonates are preferably grafted with 0.2 to 5% by weight and more preferably with 1 to 3% by weight (based on 100% by weight of polycarbonate) of maleic anhydride.
• Preferred aromatic polycarbonates are those which have been polymerized using 1.5 to 8.5 mole-% and preferably 2 to 6 mole-% of allylphenols are chain terminators (based on the moles of diphenols used) and which are grafted with 0.2 to 5% by weight and preferably with 1 to 3% by weight of maleic anhydride.
• the allylphenol-terminated polycarbonate component is both a homopolycarbonate and a copolycarbonate.
• Polycarbonate mixtures both of homopolycarbonates and of copolycarbonates and also mixtures thereof are suitable.
• the allylphenol-terminated polycarbonates generally have weight average molecular weights M w (as determined, for example, in known manner via the relative solution viscosity or by gel chromatography after preliminary calibration) in the range from 10,000 to 200,000 and preferably in the range from 20,000 to 80,000.
• allylphenol-terminated polycarbonates are those based on diphenols corresponding to formula (I):
• D is a two-bonded C 6-50 and, more particularly, C 12-45 aromatic radical which may contain hetero atoms or C-containing hetero segments that do not fall under the 6 to 50 carbon atoms.
• allylphenol-terminated polycarbonates have bifunctional structural units corresponding to formula (II): ##STR1## in which D is as defined above.
• Suitable diphenols of formula (I) are, for example, those corresponding to formula (Ia): ##STR2## in which Z is a single bond, a C 1-8 alkylene radical, a C 2-12 alkylidene radical, a cyclohexylidene radical, a benzylidene radical, a methyl benzylidene radical, a bis-(phenyl)-methylene radical, --S--, --SO 2 --, --CO--or --O--.
• R 1 and R 2 independently of one another represent hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, C 1-8 alkyl, C 5-6 cycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, preferably phenyl, and C 7-12 aralkyl, preferably phenyl-C 1-4 -alkyl, more particularly benzyl,
• n is an integer of 4 to 7, preferably 4 or 5
• R 3 and R 4 may be individually selected for each X and, independently of one another, represent hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl and
• X is carbon
• diphenols corresponding to formula (I) are hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenyls, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-alkanes, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-cycloalkanes, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulfides, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-ethers, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-ketones, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulfones, bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-sulfoxides and ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-diisopropyl benzenes.
• Preferred diphenols of formula (I) are, for example, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane, 2,4-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl butane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohexane, ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-p-diisopropyl benzene and 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane.
• Particularly preferred diphenols of formula (I) are, for example, 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane, 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohexane and 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane.
• the diphenols corresponding to formula (I) may be used both individually and in admixture.
• polycarbonates may be branched in known manner (see, for example, DE-PS 2 500 092 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,009) by the incorporation of small quantities, preferably from 0.05 to 2 mole-%, based on diphenols used, of trifunctional or more than trifunctional compounds, for example those containing three or more than three OH groups.
• Some of the compounds used containing three or more than three phenolic hydroxy groups are, for example, Phloroglucinol, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-heptane, 1,3,5-tri-(4-hydroxyphenol)-benzene, 1,1,1-tri(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethane, 2,6-bis-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-4-methyl phenyl, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propane and 1,4-bis-(4,4'-dihydroxytriphenyl methyl)-benzene.
• Some of the other trifunctional compounds are 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, trimesic acid, cyanuric chloride and 3,3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole.
• polycarbonates for example from diphenols corresponding to formula a) 1)
• diphenols corresponding to formula a) 1) are known from the literature or may be carried out by methods known from the literature (see, for example, H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1964 or U.S. Pat. No. 3,028,365 and 3,275,601).
• Suitable chain terminators for regulating molecular weight and for introducing the allyl groups are allylphenols corresponding to formula (II): ##STR4## in which R is hydrogen, C 1-22 alkyl, C 6-12 cycloalkyl, C 6-14 aryl or C 1-18 alkoxy, preferably methoxy or hydrogen, and isoeugenol and allyl naphthol.
• Particularly preferred allylphenols are 2-allylphenol, 4-allylphenol, eugenol and isoeugenol, eugenol being most particularly preferred.
• the allylphenol-terminated, maleic anhydride-grafted polycarbonates may be produced by the process described in EP-A 520 506.
• polycarbonates may also be produced by mixing allylphenol-terminated polycarbonates and 0.2 to 5% by weight (based on 100% by weight of polycarbonate) of maleic anhydride in the melt at temperatures of 220° to 360° C. either in kneaders or in extruders. This process is also the subject of the present invention.
• the present invention also relates to the use of the polycarbonates according to the invention for the production of polyamide blends.
• the present invention also relates to thermoplastic molding compounds containing
• the polyamide component B) is either a homopolyamide or a copolyamide. Mixtures of the polyamides may also be used.
• Polyamides suitable for use in accordance with the invention are known per se and include, for example, polyamides having molecular weights of 5,000 or higher as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,071,250, 2,071,251, 2,130,523, 2,130,948, 2,241,322, 2,312,966, 2,512,906 and 3,393,210.
• the polyamides may be produced, for example, by condensation of equimolar quantities of a saturated or aromatic C 4-12 dicarboxylic acid with a C 4-14 diamine or by condensation of -aminocarboxylic acids or by polyaddition of lactams.
• polyamides examples include polyhexamethylene adipic acid amide (nylon 66), polyhexamethylene azelaic acid amide (nylon 69), polyhexamethylene sebacic acid amide (nylon 610), polyhexamethylene dodecanedioic acid amide (nylon 612), the polyamides obtained by ring opening of lactam, such as polycaprolactam, polylauric acid lactam, also poly-11-aminoundecanoic acid and di-(p-aminocyclohexyl)-methane dodecanedioic acid amide.
• lactam such as polycaprolactam
• polylauric acid lactam also poly-11-aminoundecanoic acid and di-(p-aminocyclohexyl)-methane dodecanedioic acid amide.
• polyamides which have been produced by copolycondensation of two or more of the above-mentioned polymers or components thereof, for example a copolymer of adipic acid, isophthalic acid and hexamethylenediamine.
• the polyamides are preferably linear and have melting points above 200° C. for a glass transition temperature below 60° C. or, in the case of amorphous polyamides, a glass transition temperature of 80° to 200° C.
• Preferred polyamides are polyhexamethylene adipic acid amide, polyhexamethylene sebacic acid amide and polycaprolactam.
• the polyamides generally have a relative viscosity of 2.5 to 5, as measured on a 1% solution in m-cresol at 25° C., which corresponds to a molecular weight M w of around 15,000 to 45,000.
• the rubbers used in accordance with the invention for component C) are terpolymers of
• epoxy-functional monomers preferably glycidyl methacrylate and/or glycidyl acrylate and/or allyl glycidyl ether.
• Suitable alkene carboxylic acids are any of those compounds which may be polymerized with the olefins mentioned above, preferably C 3-6 alkene carboxylic acids. Examples include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid and/or fumaric acid. Acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid are particularly preferred.
• Suitable alkene carboxylic acid esters are esters of the above-mentioned alkene carboxylic acids with C 1-8 alcohols. Esters of acrylic acid with C 1-8 alcohols are particularly suitable. Esters of acrylic acid with methanol, ethanol or 1-butanol are most particularly preferred. However, mixtures of various C 1-8 alkyl esters of C 3-6 alkene carboxylic acids may also be used.
• the maleic anhydride may either be added during the synthesis of the rubbers as polymer-forming component or may be polymerized by a standard grafting reaction onto a preformed rubber graft base.
• the rubbers of component C) may be produced by any known polymerization processes (emulsion, solution, bulk, suspension, precipitation polymerization) and by combinations of these processes.
• the monomer to be grafted on is polymerized in the presence of the preformed graft base. Besides the actual graft polymer, free homopolymer is also formed. Accordingly, the graft products are understood to be the sum total of the actual graft copolymers and the free polymers.
• the quantity of monomer grafted on and the molecular weight of the homopolymer may be influenced within wide limits by variation of the polymerization conditions, including above all the particular polymerization process, the temperature, the activator system, the molecular weight regulator, the stirring conditions and the way in which the monomer is added.
• the rubbers to be used in accordance with the invention should be largely uncrosslinked, i.e. at least 90% of the rubbers should be soluble in hot solvents, such as for example toluene, ethyl benzene or tetrachloroethylene.
• the rubbers have melting points of 20 to 160° C. and preferably 40° to 100° C. The melting points were determined by the DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) method.
• the blends according to the invention of components A), B) and C) are produced by melt-compounding of dried polyamide with the rubber of component C). After drying, the blend is melt-compounded with the polycarbonate.
• Standard twin-screw extruders preferably of the degassing type, may be used for this method of producing the blends according to the invention.
• the melt compounding both in the first stage and the second stage is carried out at 250° to 320° C. and preferably at 270° to 300° C.
• the present invention also relates to a process for the production of the blends according to the invention of components A), B) and C), characterized in that, in the first stage, dried polyamide within the quantity range according to the invention is melt-compounded with the rubber of component C) within the quantity range according to the invention at temperatures of 250° C. to 320° C. and preferably at temperatures of 270° C. to 300° C., the mixture obtained is dried and, in the second stage, is melt-compounded with the polycarbonate according to the invention, again at temperatures of 250° C. to 320° C. and preferably at temperatures of 270° C. to 300° C. and the mixture obtained is subsequently cooled and granulated in known manner.
• additives known for components A), B) and C) may be incorporated in the blends according to the invention in known quantities before or during or after the production of the blends according to the invention in the usual quantities for components A), B) or C).
• Suitable additives are plasticizers, flow agents, stabilizers against UV light, heat, moisture and against oxygen, pigments and flameproofing agents.
• the present invention also relates to blends consisting of components A), B) and C) according to the invention and at least one additive selected from plasticizers, flow agents, stabilizers, pigments and flameproofing agents.
• the present invention also relates to a process for the production of the blends according to the invention consisting of components A), B) and C) according to the invention and at least one additive selected from plasticizers, flow agents, stabilizers, pigments and flameproofing agents, characterized in that at least one of the additives mentioned is incorporated in known manner before or during or after the production of the blends of components A), B) and C) according to the invention in the usual quantities for components A), B) or C).
• blends according to the invention may be processed in known manner to molded articles or semifinished products, for example by extrusion or injection molding.
• the molded articles are used as housings for electrical or electronic equipment or in the automotive field.
• a eugenol-terminated polycarbonate with a relative solution viscosity of 1.31 (0.5% solution in methylene chloride at 25° C.) is obtained.
• a mixture of 98% by weight of the polycarbonate of Example 1 and 2% by weight of maleic anhydride is compounded in an extruder (ZSK 32) at 280° C.
• the polymer obtained has a relative solution viscosity of 1.35.
• a mixture of 80% by weight of the polycarbonate of Example 2 and 20% by weight of polyamide 6 is compounded in an extruder (ZSK 32) at 280° C.
• the blend obtained has a breaking elongation of 101%, a tensile modulus (DIN 53455) of 2,600 MPa and a notched impact strength (ISO 180/1A) of 12 kJ/m 2 . It is insoluble in methylene chloride (exposure time 15 minutes).
• an epoxy-functional terpolymer Litader AX 8660®, a product of CdF
• the blend obtained has a breaking elongation of 124%, a tensile modulus of 2,000 MPa and a notched impact strength of 23 kJ/m 2 . It is insoluble in methylene chloride (exposure time 15 minutes).

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
• Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
• Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)

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• 1994
  • 1994-08-24 DE DE4429979A patent/DE4429979A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1995
  • 1995-08-11 DE DE59501408T patent/DE59501408D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-08-11 EP EP95112627A patent/EP0700940B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-08-17 JP JP23068095A patent/JP3498152B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-08-17 US US08/516,376 patent/US5618890A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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