US5253179A - Compensation for line frequency variation - Google Patents

Compensation for line frequency variation Download PDF

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Publication number
US5253179A
US5253179A US07/632,969 US63296990A US5253179A US 5253179 A US5253179 A US 5253179A US 63296990 A US63296990 A US 63296990A US 5253179 A US5253179 A US 5253179A
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Prior art keywords
line frequency
frequency
zero crossings
input line
nominal
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US07/632,969
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English (en)
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Barry Rickett
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Assigned to XEROX CORPORATION, A NY CORP. reassignment XEROX CORPORATION, A NY CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: RICKETT, BARRY
Priority to US07/632,969 priority Critical patent/US5253179A/en
Priority to BR919103733A priority patent/BR9103733A/pt
Priority to MX9101424A priority patent/MX9101424A/es
Priority to TW080108016A priority patent/TW222359B/zh
Priority to KR1019910023070A priority patent/KR920013044A/ko
Priority to JP3331018A priority patent/JPH04334162A/ja
Publication of US5253179A publication Critical patent/US5253179A/en
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Assigned to BANK ONE, NA, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT reassignment BANK ONE, NA, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: XEROX CORPORATION
Assigned to JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: XEROX CORPORATION
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Assigned to XEROX CORPORATION reassignment XEROX CORPORATION RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. AS SUCCESSOR-IN-INTEREST ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND COLLATERAL AGENT TO JPMORGAN CHASE BANK
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
    • G03G21/14—Electronic sequencing control

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for compensating changes in input power line frequency which affect the synchronization of timing related events in a synchronous AC drive system of a copy machine.
  • Timing related events in a machine are adversely affected by deviations of the input line frequency from the nominal line frequency because such deviations cause the timing related events to be triggered erroneously and to not be synchronized.
  • timing related events include the detection of a paper jam. In order to detect a paper jam, the leading edge and the trailing edge of the document paper must be detected. This detection necessitates accurate timing measurements of the paper location.
  • Timing related event in a copy machine is an operation sequence to insure that heading and trailing portions of a copy paper, for example, a quarter of an inch at each end of the paper, does not get developed.
  • an exposure light is turned on at the proper time. The timing must be accurately synchronized so that this light will illuminate only the top and bottom edges of the paper.
  • Timing related event is the registration of images on document paper.
  • images For example, in letterhead forms, it is often necessary that images be registered in very specific places on the paper.
  • the paper must be accurately situated with respect to where the image is to be placed. Accordingly, the paper must be in the proper place at the correct timing.
  • Timing related events further include events that are triggered at "real” or clock time.
  • an internal clock in the machine may provide "real" time of day information as a display, or a timer may be provided to turn the machine on and off at specific "real" times.
  • a conventional method of correction for variations in input line frequency from the nominal line frequency uses windows to make measurements of paper size and to check for paper jams.
  • the conventional windows In geographical areas where the input line frequency is maintained fairly close to the nominal line frequency, the conventional windows have often provided an adequate solution to the problem of input line frequency variations. However, if the excursions of the input line frequency from the nominal line frequency are too great, errors occur when the conventional windows are used, thereby rendering the machine inoperative.
  • an object of the present invention is to correct for errors in the execution of timing related events caused by variations in the input line frequency.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for correcting for input line frequency variations where the acceptable deviation from the nominal line frequency may be set by the user to enable the system to function at any input line frequency at which an AC motor will function.
  • the invention comprises a method of compensation for line frequency variations in a synchronous AC driven system comprising the steps of setting a timer with a predetermined time, counting the number of zero crossings of the line frequency for the predetermined time, calculating the difference between the number of zero crossings and a predetermined constant, and using the calculated difference to control the synchronization of timing related events of the system.
  • the present invention further comprises a system for compensation of input line frequency variations comprising means for outputting a clock signal at a predetermined frequency based on the input line frequency of the system, a frequency divider connected to the clock for dividing the predetermined frequency by a predetermined divider value, a timer/counter connected to the frequency divider for outputting an interrupt signal at a predetermined time interval corresponding to a frequency based on the divider value of the frequency divider, and means for modifying the predetermined divider value based on the deviation of the input line frequency from the nominal line frequency.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for input line frequency variation compensation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system for performing the method shown in FIG. 1.
  • the technique and apparatus of the present invention correct for problems associated with synchronous AC motor velocity differentials that occur as a result of input line frequencies that are other than nominal.
  • the present invention ensures that timing related events in the machine, such as those described herein, are maintained within acceptable limits even when there are variations in the input line frequency from the nominal line frequency.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart of the method of compensation in line frequency according to the present invention.
  • a copy machine or the like, is first powered on, as shown in step 110 of the flowchart of FIG. 1.
  • the actual value of the input line frequency is determined.
  • the accuracy of the measurement of the input line frequency is critical in the present invention because synchronization of the timing related events of the machine is implemented on the basis of the actual value of the input line frequency.
  • the actual value of the input line frequency is determined by counting the number of zero crossings for a predetermined period of time.
  • Each occurrence of the AC line voltage passing through zero volts is a zero crossing. If the line frequency is nominal, 120 zero crossings are counted every second for a 60 Hz line, and 100 zero crossings are counted every second for a 50 Hz line. In order to measure the input line frequency, a desired number of zero crossings are counted.
  • the desired number of zero crossings to be counted is both chosen and modifiable by the user, in step 111 of FIG. 1.
  • the accuracy of the measurement of input line frequency variations from the nominal line frequency is determined by the number of zero crossings which are counted. The larger the number of zero crossings are counted in order to determine the actual line frequency, the better the accuracy of the measurement of the deviation of the input line frequency from the nominal frequency. For example, 1024 may be used as the number of zero crossings to be counted because it is a convenient number for manipulation in a microprocessor-based controller 2. By counting this number of zero crossings, the accuracy of the variation of the input line frequency from the nominal line frequency may be determined to within 1/1024.
  • the number of zero crossings to be counted is increased by the user in step 111, then smaller variations in the input line frequency from the nominal line frequency may be detected. However, counting a greater number of zero crossings will take a longer period of time. Therefore, compensation for input line frequency variations by the frequency correction method of FIG. 1 will take longer. Moreover, the machine will not operate until the frequency correction routine is completed. Accordingly, in the present invention, the user determines the appropriate number of zero crossings to be counted based on the accuracy of the compensation for input line frequency variation desired, and the time which is allowed for the correction algorithm to run.
  • the amount of time required to count a specified number of zero crossings at the nominal line frequency is known. For example, in a 60 Hz machine, operating at the nominal line frequency, 1024 zero crossings are expected in 8.53 seconds. In a 50 Hz machine, 1024 zero crossings are expected every 10.24 seconds when the machine operates at the nominal line frequency. Accordingly, a timer is set in step 111 with the time it will take to count the number of zero crossings selected in step 111 at the nominal line frequency.
  • step 113 the number of zero crossings at the actual input line frequency is counted for the time period set in step 112. The result of the count is compared with the expected number of zero crossings in step 114 of FIG. 1.
  • the difference between the measured line frequency, expressed as the number of measured zero crossings, and the nominally expected line frequency, expressed as the predetermined number of zero crossings set by the user in step 111, provides the information needed to make proper adjustments to correct for input line frequency variation induced problems. Accordingly, this difference can be used to correct errors arising in the synchronization of timing related events as a result of input line frequency variations.
  • step 115 the result obtained by the calculation of the difference between the expected number of zero crossings and the measured number of zero crossings in step 114 is checked to see if it is reasonable, in step 115. If the difference between the number of zero crossings which would be obtained at the nominal line frequency, i.e., the number of zero crossings selected by the user in step 111, and the number of measured zero crossings, found in step 113, at the input line frequency, indicates that the input line frequency deviates by more than, for example, 20% from the nominal line frequency, it is assumed that an error has occurred in the measurement of the number of zero crossings at the input line frequency.
  • the count check performed in step 115 determines that the number of zero crossings is not reasonable, and defaults in step 116 to the number of zero crossings chosen by the user, in step 111.
  • the default in step 116 has the affect of performing n correction for variations in the input line frequency. If an error has not occurred in the zero crossing count and the input line frequency in fact deviates by more than 20% from the nominal line frequency, the AC motors of the machine will not operate.
  • step 116 If it is determined in step 116 that the zero crossing count is reasonable, then the amount and direction of the deviation of the input line frequency from the nominal line frequency is determined in step 117 of FIG. 1.
  • the deviation amount found in step 117 is applied to the timing related events of the machine.
  • the deviation amount i.e., the difference between the measured and expected zero crossing counts, is used to modify a crystal frequency divider of the machine, in step 118 of FIG. 1.
  • the frequency correction routine Once the frequency correction routine is completed, it exits at step 119.
  • Code module CM1 which performs the frequency correction routine illustrated in FIG. 1, is stored in a memory 4 connected to the microprocessor-based controller 2.
  • the code module CM1 for the frequency correction routine is read from memory 4.
  • the signal from a crystal oscillator 21 is used to control two types of machine operations.
  • the first type of operations are those which occur in "real time.” Examples of “real time” events are how often the control panel buttons are checked, for example, approximately every 10 ms, and how long to wait before activating the power saver mode, for example, somewhere between 15 and 480 minutes.
  • “Real time” events are those which are based on actual clock time.
  • Other events controlled by crystal oscillator 21 in the microprocessor-based controller 2 are measurement (timing related) events. For instance, if the length of a sheet of paper is known, the length of time it takes for the paper to travel a certain distance would also be known if the paper travels at a known velocity. Therefore, diagnostic and preventive action may be taken if the paper does not travel the distance in the expected length of time. This is an example of paper path jam checking.
  • Another example of a timing related event controlled by the output signal from crystal oscillator 21 is the measurement of the size of a document paper fed from, for example, a bypass tray. If the velocity of the paper is known, and the amount of time the paper is under a sensor is measured, then the length of the paper can be determined.
  • Synchronization of the timing related events is controlled by the microprocessor-based controller 2 through performance of the frequency correction code module CM1 stored in memory 4.
  • the microprocessor-based controller 2 receives a count from a zero crossing detector and counter 6 which counts the number of zero crossings of the input line voltage as a result of step 113 of the frequency correction routine 1, illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Timer/counter 23 controls the synchronization of the timing related events in the machine. Timer/counter 23 is loaded, i.e., initialized, with a predetermined counter value. The counter value is decremented at the 500 KHz frequency signal from frequency divider 22, and when the count reaches zero, an interrupt signal is outputted from timer/counter 23. Timer/counter 23 is then reloaded and the process is repeated. An interrupt pulse train is accordingly outputted from timer/counter 23.
  • a square wave interrupt pulse is outputted from timer/counter 23 every 2.5 ms.
  • the output interrupt pulse train from timer/counter 23 controls the timing related events within the machine. Because an output interrupt pulse is outputted from timer/counter 23 every 2.5 ms at the nominal line frequency, the timing related events are controlled by the microprocessor-based controller 2 at time intervals that are equal to 2.5 ms or are multiples of 2.5 ms.
  • the microprocessor-based controller 2 generates a corrected divider value as a result of the execution of code module CM1.
  • the corrected value is intended to correct for variations in the frequency of the input line voltage.
  • the microprocessor-based controller 2 provides the corrected divider value as an input to divider 22.
  • Divider 22 receives as another input the output of crystal oscillator 21 which may have a frequency of, for example, 12 MHz.
  • the output of frequency divider 22 is a corrected clock signal compensated for variations in the frequency of the input line voltage.
  • the corrected clock signal drives timer/counter 23, which outputs an interrupt pulse train having a frequency that may deviate from a pulse train corresponding to nominal line frequency in accordance with the variations of the frequency of the input line voltage from the nominal frequency.
  • a real time divider 22' also connected to crystal oscillator 21, receives the initial divider value as inputted for the particular system.
  • the real time divider 22' provides a real time clock signal to a real time timer/counter 23'.
  • Real time timer/counter 23' outputs a real time interrupt pulse train that may be used to drive devices that are not affected by variations in the frequency of the input line voltage.
  • the real time interrupt pulse train may be used to drive a display that displays the time of day or a timer intended to turn the system on or off at specific times.
  • divider 22 is loaded with a known value that will cause timer/counter 23 to output an interrupt signal at exactly 2.5 ms.
  • the number of zero crossings is counted by the zero crossing detector and counter 6.
  • the microprocessor-based controller 2 compares the number of zero crossings measured to the number of zero crossings expected at the nominal line frequency.
  • step 115 execution of the code module causes the microprocessor-based controller 2 to load divider 22 with the nominal value of zero crossings selected by the user (step 111).
  • the nominal value of zero crossings is that which would be obtained if the input line frequency was equal to the nominal line frequency. If a default occurs as a result of the comparison (step 115), the divider value which ensures that 2.5 ms interrupts are outputted from timer/counter 23 at the nominal line frequency is inputted as the frequency divider number in divider 22.
  • the corrected divider value is applied to divider 22 (step 119).
  • the corrected divider value insures that the output interrupt pulse train from the timer/counter 23 is maintained as a properly synchronized output interrupt signal.
  • the modification of the divider value of divider 22 affects the operation of the non-real time functions of the system as follows. If the input line frequency, as measured by the number of counted zero crossings, is determined to be lower than the nominal input line frequency, the paper drives and other devices within the copy machine will run at a proportionately slower speed. Accordingly, the frequency of interrupts outputted from timer/counter 23 must be decreased so that the time between sequential events in the timing cycle is longer. In order to make the time between interrupts outputted from timer/counter 23 greater, the value of divider 22 must be reduced by an amount proportional to the difference between the number of zero crossings counted at the nominal line frequency and the number of zero crossings counted at the actual input line frequency.
  • A the measured number of zero crossings counted in a predetermined period of time
  • D the expected number of zero crossings counted in a predetermined period of time.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show compensation for variations in input line frequency from the nominal line frequency being performed when the system is powered up.
  • the compensation scheme may be performed whenever desired by the user.
  • the frequency correction routine 1 can be run at specified time intervals, for example, every 12 hours of continuous system operation or after a certain number of copies, for example 2000, have been made.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Frequencies, Analyzing Spectra (AREA)
  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Or Security For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)
US07/632,969 1990-12-24 1990-12-24 Compensation for line frequency variation Expired - Lifetime US5253179A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/632,969 US5253179A (en) 1990-12-24 1990-12-24 Compensation for line frequency variation
BR919103733A BR9103733A (pt) 1990-12-24 1991-08-29 Processo de compensar variacoes na frequencia de linha de entrada em relacao a uma frequencia de linha nominal e respectivo sistema de excitacao por c.a.sincrona
MX9101424A MX9101424A (es) 1990-12-24 1991-10-03 Metodo y aparato para compensar las variaciones en la frecuencia de la linea de entrada con respecto a la frecuencia nominal de la linea en un sistema sincronico impulsor de corriente alterna.
TW080108016A TW222359B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1990-12-24 1991-10-11
KR1019910023070A KR920013044A (ko) 1990-12-24 1991-12-16 선 주파수 변화 보상 방법 및 장치
JP3331018A JPH04334162A (ja) 1990-12-24 1991-12-16 入力線周波数の変動を補償する方法及び装置

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US07/632,969 US5253179A (en) 1990-12-24 1990-12-24 Compensation for line frequency variation

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JP (1) JPH04334162A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
KR (1) KR920013044A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
BR (1) BR9103733A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
MX (1) MX9101424A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
TW (1) TW222359B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5391982A (en) * 1992-02-22 1995-02-21 Goldstar Co., Ltd. Apparatus for automatically recognizing a frequency of a power supply and method thereof
US5995914A (en) * 1991-09-20 1999-11-30 Cabot; Richard C. Method and apparatus for asynchronously measuring frequency shifted signals
US6732287B1 (en) * 2000-06-22 2004-05-04 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Method for processing dynamically allocated timers in a real time operating system
CN115079553A (zh) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-20 广州捷克易自动化设备有限公司 一种热流道时序控制器时间自校正方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5967213B2 (ja) 2012-11-05 2016-08-10 三菱電機株式会社 能動振動騒音制御装置

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US4420809A (en) * 1980-08-20 1983-12-13 Canadian General Electric Company Limited Frequency determining apparatus
US4601568A (en) * 1983-10-26 1986-07-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Document-scanning control apparatus for image-forming apparatus
US4914680A (en) * 1987-06-03 1990-04-03 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Signal distinction circuit
US4993052A (en) * 1988-08-01 1991-02-12 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Digitally-operating electrical equipment with counter for automatically adapting output to 50 Hz or 60 Hz input
US5107523A (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-04-21 Intel Corporation Processor clock governor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4420809A (en) * 1980-08-20 1983-12-13 Canadian General Electric Company Limited Frequency determining apparatus
US4601568A (en) * 1983-10-26 1986-07-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Document-scanning control apparatus for image-forming apparatus
US4914680A (en) * 1987-06-03 1990-04-03 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Signal distinction circuit
US4993052A (en) * 1988-08-01 1991-02-12 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Digitally-operating electrical equipment with counter for automatically adapting output to 50 Hz or 60 Hz input
US5107523A (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-04-21 Intel Corporation Processor clock governor

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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Title
Barry Rickett, "Method of Eliminating Magnification Errors", Xerox Disclosure Journal, vol. 14, No. 5, Sep./Oct. 1989, pp. 249-250.
Barry Rickett, Method of Eliminating Magnification Errors , Xerox Disclosure Journal, vol. 14, No. 5, Sep./Oct. 1989, pp. 249 250. *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5995914A (en) * 1991-09-20 1999-11-30 Cabot; Richard C. Method and apparatus for asynchronously measuring frequency shifted signals
US5391982A (en) * 1992-02-22 1995-02-21 Goldstar Co., Ltd. Apparatus for automatically recognizing a frequency of a power supply and method thereof
US6732287B1 (en) * 2000-06-22 2004-05-04 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Method for processing dynamically allocated timers in a real time operating system
CN115079553A (zh) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-20 广州捷克易自动化设备有限公司 一种热流道时序控制器时间自校正方法
CN115079553B (zh) * 2022-06-28 2023-02-28 广州捷克易自动化设备有限公司 一种热流道时序控制器时间自校正方法

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BR9103733A (pt) 1992-08-04
TW222359B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1994-04-11
KR920013044A (ko) 1992-07-28
JPH04334162A (ja) 1992-11-20
MX9101424A (es) 1992-06-01

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