US5077643A - Combination courtesy light and detachable flashlight assembly - Google Patents

Combination courtesy light and detachable flashlight assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
US5077643A
US5077643A US07/564,787 US56478790A US5077643A US 5077643 A US5077643 A US 5077643A US 56478790 A US56478790 A US 56478790A US 5077643 A US5077643 A US 5077643A
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United States
Prior art keywords
compartment
light
light unit
switch
combination
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Expired - Lifetime
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US07/564,787
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English (en)
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Philip J. Leach
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Individual
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Priority to US07/564,787 priority Critical patent/US5077643A/en
Priority to JP3187125A priority patent/JPH04230439A/ja
Priority to EP91870121A priority patent/EP0475922A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5077643A publication Critical patent/US5077643A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60QARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/80Circuits; Control arrangements
    • B60Q3/88Means for plugging to the electrical power supply of the vehicle, e.g. by using cigarette lighter sockets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60QARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/32Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating vehicle sides, e.g. clearance lights
    • B60Q1/323Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating vehicle sides, e.g. clearance lights on or for doors
    • B60Q1/324Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating vehicle sides, e.g. clearance lights on or for doors for signalling that a door is open or intended to be opened
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60QARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/50Mounting arrangements
    • B60Q3/59Lighting devices mounted in the vehicle interior and adapted for portability

Definitions

  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,819,134 Another more successful attempt in solving the above problems is found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,819,134.
  • a rechargeable flashlight and mounting assembly which allows the flashlight to be mounted in the passenger compartment of an automobile for use as an interior light.
  • a mounting plate is provided which connects to the vehicle electrical system so that the battery can be recharged while the vehicle is in operation.
  • the device is designed to be retrofitted and does not conveniently mount within the interior panels of the vehicle. When the light is mounted in the passenger compartment an inconvenient and possibly dangerous protrusion exists.
  • the configuration of the battery contacts provides an unstable electrical connection to the mounting bracket, and the contacts themselves are susceptible to breaking off.
  • the illustrated light bulb and charging circuit are designed to operate from a 12 V battery which, if intended to drive the light bulb for any length of time, must be much larger than standard 1.5 V batteries.
  • a combination courtesy light and flashlight assembly having a power supply, a compartment within a wall of a vehicle, number electrical contacts disposed within said compartment and connected to the power supply, and a light unit with a corresponding number of electrical contacts disposed exteriorly for providing a conductive coupling when the light unit is inserted in the compartment.
  • the light unit includes a housing, a rechargeable battery connected to the contacts for storing a charge, a switch mounted on the housing, and a light source controlled by the switch. The stored charge energizes the light source when the switch is closed and the light unit is not inserted in the compartment, and the power supply energizes the light source when the switch is closed and the light unit is inserted in the compartment.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a backview of the light unit shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of the light unit of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of the light unit of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 8 is a cutaway view showing the internal circuitry of the light unit of FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a front view of the light unit of FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the power supply according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 13A and 13B are close-up views of the light unit of FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of another embodiment according to the present invention which is mounted in the sealing of a passenger car.
  • FIG. 15 is a close-up cutaway view of the embodiment of FIG. 14.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates the manner of detaching the light unit from the receptacle of the invention shown in FIG. 14.
  • FIG. 17 depicts another embodiment of the present invention in which an interlocking hinge is substituted for the detent latch of FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view illustrating the use of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an automobile having a combination courtesy light and a detachable flashlight assembly mounted in the front passenger side door.
  • FIG. 2 is cross-sectional view taken along the line shown in FIG. 1. The position of the courtesy light/flashlight assembly 10 in the door is shown more clearly.
  • Lens 70 may be a single color lens or, as shown, may be a dual colored lens for directing two colored beams of light in different directions. This is useful with the door mounted embodiment of FIG. 1 because a red beam of light can be directed backward from the vehicle to warn oncoming traffic of the open door, and a white beam of light can be directed downward to illuminate the ground to assist the operator in exiting the vehicle.
  • FIG. 4 depicts the light unit 30 removed from receptacle 20. Three metal contacts 80-100 are visible at the rear of the light unit 30.
  • FIG. 5 depicts light unit 30 and the manner of insertion within receptacle 20.
  • the contacts 80-100 of FIG. 4 are designed to form an electrical coupling with a corresponding spring mounted contact 105 protruding from the rear of receptacle 20.
  • Each spring mounted contact 105 creates an opposing force on the light unit 30 when it is inserted within receptacle 20. The opposing force ensures that the electrical coupling between corresponding contacts is stable and properly conductive.
  • a detent latch 50 is provided for locking the light unit 30 against the rim of receptacle 20.
  • the detent latch is a flexible finger carved into the housing of light unit 30.
  • a ramped retaining member 54 is provided which gradually depresses the flexible finger as the light unit 30 is slid into receptacle 20. When the light unit 30 is fully inserted, retaining member 54 moves past the rim of receptacle 20 and the flexible finger springs outward such that the base of ramp 54 locks against the rim of receptacle 20.
  • a tab 58 is provided to allow manual depression of the flexible finger so light unit 30 can be removed from receptacle 20.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show a top view and a side view, respectively, by which the proportions of the detent latch 50 are clearly visible.
  • FIG. 8 depicts the internal components and wiring of the light unit 30 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a pair of rechargeable power cells are connected in series to form a battery 130.
  • the positive and negative terminals of the battery 130 are connected to contacts 80 and 90, respectively.
  • the negative terminal of the batteries are also connected through switch 60 to one terminal of a light source 120.
  • the positive terminals of the batteries are connected to the other terminal of light source 120. If the battery 130 is charged by an electrical current applied at contacts 80 and 90, then when switch 60 is closed the light source 120 will be powered from the stored charge. Additional benefits can be realized by including batteries 130 within a separate section of light unit 30 which can be detached in order to provide a portable battery unit to power other electrical devices.
  • FIG. 9 depicts an alternate embodiment in which switch 60 is mounted on the front of light unit 30 for convenience.
  • FIG. 10 depicts a power supply designed to provide 3.3 V regulated DC power to spring mounted contacts 100 for powering the light unit 30 or recharging battery 130 when light unit 30 is inserted within receptacle 20.
  • the power supply 140 may be located in a separate compartment within receptacle 20.
  • Power supply 140 includes a 12 V DC input terminal 150 and a ground input terminal 160. Both inputs 150 and 160 can be wired directly to the vehicle electrical system for regulating 12 V DC. power.
  • a resistor 170 is connected to input terminal 150, and a zener diode 180 is connected from resistor 170 to ground terminal 160. Zener diode 180 is also connected through diode 190 to a current amplifier comprising operational amplifier 230 and resistors 200, 210 and 220.
  • 12 V DC power from the vehicle electrical system is clamped at a predetermined level by diode 180.
  • Resistors 200 through 220 and operational amplifier 230 amplify the current to provide a regulated 3.3 V DC 35 MA output.
  • Three output terminals 240 through 260 are provided. Output terminal 240 is connected directly to the ground input 160. Output terminal 260 is connected directly to the 12 V DC unregulated input terminal 150. Output terminal 250 provides the 3.3 V regulated DC output signal.
  • FIG. 11 depicts the connections of power supply 140 to light unit 30.
  • Power supply output terminals 240 and 250 are each connected to a spring 110 and spring mounted contact 105 for providing an electrical coupling to contacts 80 and 90 of light unit 30.
  • Power supply output terminal 260 may be connected through an additional spring 110 and spring mounted contact 105 to a spare input terminal (not shown) on the light unit 30.
  • the spare input terminal may be configured to provide a conductive path to ground so that when light unit 30 is removed from receptacle 20 the conductive path is broken.
  • An indicator light may be provided on the vehicle dashboard for signalling the operator when the conductive path has been broken and the light unit 30 removed.
  • the spare input terminal may be configured as a second switch which, upon opening the vehicle door, operates to illuminate the lamp 120.
  • FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate another embodiment of the present invention which incorporates a prism 270 to direct light in two directions. This allows more flexibility in mounting the light unit 30 within the door panel of the vehicle. Prism 270 can then be placed along the path of light emitted from light unit 30. The light beam is split and the resulting two light beams can be directed in the desired directions.
  • colored lenses 280 and 290 may be provided along the light paths. This way, a red beam of light can be directed rearward of the door to warn oncoming vehicles of the open door, and a white beam of light can be directed towards the ground to assist the operator in exiting the vehicle.
  • FIGS. 13A and 13B depict an alternate embodiment of the invention in which light unit 30 is shown in a different housing which may be more convenient for use as a hand held flashlight.
  • FIGS. 14 depicts another embodiment of the present invention in which the combination courtesy light/flashlight assembly is housed in the roof of a vehicle.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention in which interlocking rib 300 and groove 310 perform the function of the detent latch 50 of FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • Rib 300 encircles the periphery of light unit 30, and groove 310 encircles the inner surface of receptacle 20.
  • the rib 300 interlocks with groove 310 to provide a compression fit.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the present invention as it is typically used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangements Of Lighting Devices For Vehicle Interiors, Mounting And Supporting Thereof, Circuits Therefore (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
US07/564,787 1990-08-09 1990-08-09 Combination courtesy light and detachable flashlight assembly Expired - Lifetime US5077643A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/564,787 US5077643A (en) 1990-08-09 1990-08-09 Combination courtesy light and detachable flashlight assembly
JP3187125A JPH04230439A (ja) 1990-08-09 1991-04-24 車内灯兼着脱式フラッシュライト組立品
EP91870121A EP0475922A1 (en) 1990-08-09 1991-08-09 Combination courtesy light and detachable flashlight assembly

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/564,787 US5077643A (en) 1990-08-09 1990-08-09 Combination courtesy light and detachable flashlight assembly

Publications (1)

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US5077643A true US5077643A (en) 1991-12-31

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US07/564,787 Expired - Lifetime US5077643A (en) 1990-08-09 1990-08-09 Combination courtesy light and detachable flashlight assembly

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US (1) US5077643A (ja)
EP (1) EP0475922A1 (ja)
JP (1) JPH04230439A (ja)

Cited By (50)

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FR2703811A1 (fr) * 1993-04-07 1994-10-14 Ecia Equip Composants Ind Auto Dispositif pour rendre visible de l'extérieur des informations placées à l'intérieur et son application à un véhicule automobile.
US5379201A (en) * 1994-01-10 1995-01-03 Friedman; Arthur S. Portable light for laptop computer
USD362319S (en) 1994-05-18 1995-09-12 The Coleman Company, Inc. Flashlight
US5467258A (en) * 1992-12-21 1995-11-14 The Coleman Company, Inc. Flashlight apparatus
US5569997A (en) * 1993-10-04 1996-10-29 Ford Motor Company Power supply for volatile memory devices and portable electrical appliance in vehicles
US5599086A (en) * 1995-06-06 1997-02-04 Ford Motor Company Vehicle track lighting system
US5645340A (en) * 1995-06-19 1997-07-08 Colton; Orren L. Flashlight replacement for vehicle ashtray
GB2332267A (en) * 1997-12-09 1999-06-16 Rover Group Detachable interior vehicle lamp
US5969437A (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-10-19 Kalidon Technology, Inc. Dual powered, smoke detector activated flashlight
US5984495A (en) * 1998-02-26 1999-11-16 Roberts; Steve Vehicular dome light with removable flashlight
US6022131A (en) * 1996-12-26 2000-02-08 Yazaki Corporation Room lighting unit for vehicles
US6079858A (en) * 1998-08-17 2000-06-27 Lear Automotive Dearborn, Inc. Side view mirror with detachable flashlight
US6160475A (en) * 1998-05-21 2000-12-12 Sidler Gmbh & Co. Lighting device in the door of a vehicle
US6231219B1 (en) 1999-03-03 2001-05-15 Kurt L. Lohss Dual-purpose glovebox light assembly and cradle therefor
US6273378B1 (en) * 1999-06-23 2001-08-14 Sam Fu Vehicle auxiliary-lamp mounting assembly
US6398394B1 (en) 2000-07-21 2002-06-04 Jack K. Winnik Vehicle dome light and flashlight
US6428172B1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2002-08-06 Donnelly Corporation Rearview mirror assembly with utility functions
US6669260B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2003-12-30 Johnson Controls Technology Company Modular system for a vehicle
US6701995B1 (en) 2002-11-26 2004-03-09 Irvin Automotive Products, Inc. Combination shade handle and security light
US6746140B2 (en) * 2000-10-05 2004-06-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Tokai-Rika-Denki-Seisakusho Rear-view mirror and interior lighting system
US20050024886A1 (en) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-03 Mckenzie John S. Vehicular retractable interior lighting system
US6921118B2 (en) 2002-04-22 2005-07-26 Johnson Controls Technology Company Sliding and nesting console system
US20050242604A1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2005-11-03 Johnson Controls Technology Company Article attachment system
US20050258663A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2005-11-24 Johnson Controls Technology Company Transparent vehicle roof with arrangement for receiving articles
US20060087836A1 (en) * 2004-10-27 2006-04-27 Morris Steven E Portable lighting assembly for automotive vehicle
US7090371B1 (en) * 2002-09-17 2006-08-15 George Bonar Removable headlamp for a vehicle
US20060209531A1 (en) * 2005-03-15 2006-09-21 Lear Corporation System and method for electrical power track and slidable accessories
US20060291224A1 (en) * 2005-06-28 2006-12-28 Ricky England Interchangeable flashlight-cargo lamp system
US20070035161A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2007-02-15 Johnson Controls Technology Company Overhead system for a vehicle
US20070121316A1 (en) * 2005-11-28 2007-05-31 Michael Hoermann Garage door drive with a light unit
US20070133219A1 (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Brian Chaloult Vehicle interior light assembly with removable flashlight
US20070291477A1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-20 Ajit Khubani Portable and mountable light bulb and fixture
USD566875S1 (en) 2006-07-06 2008-04-15 Ajit Khubani Combined portable, mountable light and holder therefore
US20080180942A1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-07-31 Hansen David B Cabinet Lamp
USRE40617E1 (en) 2000-01-20 2009-01-06 International Automotive Components Group North America, Inc. Overhead console for a vehicle
US20090268478A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-10-29 James Jesse L Motorcycle Safety Device
FR2938219A1 (fr) * 2008-11-10 2010-05-14 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Porte de vehicule automobile pourvue d'une source lumineuse integree a une lampe autonome en energie, platine de support de poignee de deverrouillage et panneau d'habillage interne associes
US20100296301A1 (en) * 2008-11-26 2010-11-25 Ilo Kristo Xhunga Pull-down Self-supportive Lighting mounted on hand-reachable ceilings
USD631595S1 (en) 2010-03-26 2011-01-25 Carroll Matthew J Detachable rechargeable interior dome light
US20110149560A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 Ivus Industries, Llc System and method for interfacing portable hand-held devices
CN103158610A (zh) * 2011-12-16 2013-06-19 现代自动车株式会社 行李灯
US20150049500A1 (en) * 2013-08-14 2015-02-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Vehicle interior and portable accessory light assembly
US20160096471A1 (en) * 2014-10-01 2016-04-07 Valeo Vision Removable electrical device for a motor vehicle
US20160101724A1 (en) * 2014-10-14 2016-04-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Lighted Visor Mirror with a Removable Lighting Module
US20180281674A1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-10-04 Murakami Corporation Courtesy lamp and courtesy logo lamp
US10753553B2 (en) 2017-06-29 2020-08-25 Black & Decker Inc. Cordless underhood light with detachable work light
US10759330B1 (en) 2019-05-14 2020-09-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Tie-down bracket for motor vehicle
US10875461B2 (en) 2019-05-29 2020-12-29 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Tie-down bracket for motor vehicle
US10994662B2 (en) 2019-05-31 2021-05-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Tie-down bracket for motor vehicle
US20230034903A1 (en) * 2021-07-28 2023-02-02 Rivian Ip Holdings, Llc In-door accessory charger

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DE19962561A1 (de) * 1999-12-23 2001-06-21 Daimler Chrysler Ag Halterung in einem Kraftfahrzeug zur lösbaren Aufnahme einer Handlampe mit wenigstens einem wiederaufladbaren Akkumulator und eine Handlampe für eine derartige Halterung
FR2878201A1 (fr) * 2005-05-30 2006-05-26 Faurecia Interieur Ind Snc Vehicule automobile comprenant une lampe d'eclairage interne detachable

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Cited By (70)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5467258A (en) * 1992-12-21 1995-11-14 The Coleman Company, Inc. Flashlight apparatus
EP0636507A1 (fr) * 1993-04-07 1995-02-01 Ecia - Equipements Et Composants Pour L'industrie Automobile Dispositif pour lire des informations de l'extérieur d'un véhicule automobile
FR2703811A1 (fr) * 1993-04-07 1994-10-14 Ecia Equip Composants Ind Auto Dispositif pour rendre visible de l'extérieur des informations placées à l'intérieur et son application à un véhicule automobile.
US5569997A (en) * 1993-10-04 1996-10-29 Ford Motor Company Power supply for volatile memory devices and portable electrical appliance in vehicles
US5379201A (en) * 1994-01-10 1995-01-03 Friedman; Arthur S. Portable light for laptop computer
USD362319S (en) 1994-05-18 1995-09-12 The Coleman Company, Inc. Flashlight
US5599086A (en) * 1995-06-06 1997-02-04 Ford Motor Company Vehicle track lighting system
US5645340A (en) * 1995-06-19 1997-07-08 Colton; Orren L. Flashlight replacement for vehicle ashtray
US6022131A (en) * 1996-12-26 2000-02-08 Yazaki Corporation Room lighting unit for vehicles
GB2332267A (en) * 1997-12-09 1999-06-16 Rover Group Detachable interior vehicle lamp
US5969437A (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-10-19 Kalidon Technology, Inc. Dual powered, smoke detector activated flashlight
US5984495A (en) * 1998-02-26 1999-11-16 Roberts; Steve Vehicular dome light with removable flashlight
US6160475A (en) * 1998-05-21 2000-12-12 Sidler Gmbh & Co. Lighting device in the door of a vehicle
US6079858A (en) * 1998-08-17 2000-06-27 Lear Automotive Dearborn, Inc. Side view mirror with detachable flashlight
US6231219B1 (en) 1999-03-03 2001-05-15 Kurt L. Lohss Dual-purpose glovebox light assembly and cradle therefor
US6273378B1 (en) * 1999-06-23 2001-08-14 Sam Fu Vehicle auxiliary-lamp mounting assembly
US7012727B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2006-03-14 Donnelly Corporation Rearview mirror assembly with utility functions
US6428172B1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2002-08-06 Donnelly Corporation Rearview mirror assembly with utility functions
US20040057131A1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2004-03-25 Donnelly Corporation, A Corporation Of The State Of Michigan Rearview mirror assembly with utility functions
USRE40617E1 (en) 2000-01-20 2009-01-06 International Automotive Components Group North America, Inc. Overhead console for a vehicle
US6398394B1 (en) 2000-07-21 2002-06-04 Jack K. Winnik Vehicle dome light and flashlight
US6746140B2 (en) * 2000-10-05 2004-06-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Tokai-Rika-Denki-Seisakusho Rear-view mirror and interior lighting system
US6669260B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2003-12-30 Johnson Controls Technology Company Modular system for a vehicle
US20050242604A1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2005-11-03 Johnson Controls Technology Company Article attachment system
US6921118B2 (en) 2002-04-22 2005-07-26 Johnson Controls Technology Company Sliding and nesting console system
US7152897B2 (en) 2002-04-22 2006-12-26 Johnson Controls Technology Company Article attachment system
US20050258663A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2005-11-24 Johnson Controls Technology Company Transparent vehicle roof with arrangement for receiving articles
US7097225B2 (en) 2002-08-27 2006-08-29 Johnson Controls Technology Company Transparent vehicle roof with arrangement for receiving articles
US20070035161A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2007-02-15 Johnson Controls Technology Company Overhead system for a vehicle
US7090371B1 (en) * 2002-09-17 2006-08-15 George Bonar Removable headlamp for a vehicle
US6701995B1 (en) 2002-11-26 2004-03-09 Irvin Automotive Products, Inc. Combination shade handle and security light
US6896395B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2005-05-24 Lear Corporation Vehicular retractable interior lighting system
US20050024886A1 (en) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-03 Mckenzie John S. Vehicular retractable interior lighting system
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EP0475922A1 (en) 1992-03-18

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