US5075673A - Variable speed, image pan method and apparatus - Google Patents

Variable speed, image pan method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US5075673A
US5075673A US07/367,172 US36717289A US5075673A US 5075673 A US5075673 A US 5075673A US 36717289 A US36717289 A US 36717289A US 5075673 A US5075673 A US 5075673A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
viewport
cursor
limit
image
pan
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US07/367,172
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter C. Yanker
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US07/367,172 priority Critical patent/US5075673A/en
Assigned to INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NY reassignment INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BEITEL, BRADLEY J., HAUG, CHARLES L., WALLING, LONNIE S., YANKER, PETER C.
Priority to CA002012797A priority patent/CA2012797C/en
Priority to EP90305976A priority patent/EP0404373B1/en
Priority to ES90305976T priority patent/ES2064630T3/es
Priority to DE69011002T priority patent/DE69011002T2/de
Priority to PE1990170574A priority patent/PE6991A1/es
Priority to JP15289190A priority patent/JP3161536B2/ja
Priority to BR909002825A priority patent/BR9002825A/pt
Publication of US5075673A publication Critical patent/US5075673A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/14—Display of multiple viewports
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/04845—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/0485—Scrolling or panning

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the control of movement of an image on a display terminal and, more particularly, to a cursor controlled, variable rate, image panning method and apparatus.
  • a viewport memory contains the storage necessary to hold a pixel image for one "screen" of the display.
  • Another such memory is termed the "world-plane” memory and contains sufficient storage for all pixels in a complete graphics image.
  • the world-plane image is considerably larger than the image displayed through the viewport memory, with the viewport only showing a portion of the world-plane.
  • the viewport may be shifted from place to place within the world-plane to display images contained in the world-plane.
  • Zoom features are included which enable the "blow-up" of discrete areas of the world-plane image.
  • the panning of the viewport across a world-plane image may consume considerable time.
  • the viewport should be made “pannable” at different rates of speed, depending upon the user's desire.
  • the panning control be as simply implemented as possible to enable user-friendly operation of the display function.
  • a display apparatus having the capability to pan a viewport image across a world-plane image.
  • the viewport image has defined boundaries and exhibits a cursor whose position is movable by a user operated mouse or keyboard controls.
  • the invention comprises a method for providing a variable-rate pan action of the viewport image which includes panning the viewport image at a preset rate in the direction of a first viewport boundary, if the cursor has been moved to the first boundary.
  • the viewport image is panned at a proportionally faster rate in the direction of the first viewport boundary, as the cursor is moved further beyond the first viewport boundary thus enabling a variable speed, user controlled, pan.
  • FIG. 1 is a high level block diagram of a display terminal which includes the means to perform the method of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic showing of a world-plane image on which a viewport has been superimposed, indicating the relationship therebetween.
  • FIG. 3 is a table showing various pan rates which are dependent upon the distance the user has moved the cursor outside of the viewport's limits.
  • FIG. 4 is a high level flow diagram illustrating the operation of the invention in conjunction with the system shown in FIG. 1.
  • arithmetic logic unit (ALU) 10 is connected to a bus structure 12 that provides the major communication links between the various sub-components of a display terminal.
  • ALU 10 also contains within it, a sub-area (e.g. the area schematically shown at 14) which includes subroutine that enables the pan action to occur.
  • a display 16 is also connected to bus 12 and contains (not shown) a cathode-ray tube or other display instrumentality for providing graphics and alphanumeric images. Display 16 also, in the known manner, indicates a cursor on its face, which cursor is movable through the action of a mouse 18 or other keyboard controls (not shown).
  • ALU 10 will also have associated therewith both RAM and disk memories which provide the storage instrumentalities for the system. In this case, those memories have been omitted from FIG. 1, but portions of the RAM are indicated as viewport memory 20 and world-plane memory 22.
  • Viewport memory 20 contains sufficient storage to define each pixel contained within a screen to be shown on display 16.
  • World-plane memory 22 will generally contain an image which can also be shown on display 16, but which is best shown in discrete portions in a magnified manner.
  • world-plane memory 22 can contain an integrated circuit layout map, with viewport memory 20 being utilized to store a pixel image of a portion of the world-plane for magnified viewing.
  • Viewport memory 20 and world-plane memory 22 generally will form portions of the random access memory in the display terminal.
  • a world-plane image 30 is shown having its outer boundaries defined by limits 32, 34, 36 and 38.
  • Viewport 40 falls within world-plane image 30 and is defined by viewport limits 42, 44, 46 and 48.
  • world-plane image 30 may be comprised of 1024 ⁇ 1024 pixels or larger, whereas the viewport may comprise 640 pixels by 480 pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. If a "Zoom" feature is employed by the display terminal, the pixels shown in viewport 40 will generally not correspond to the pixels of world-plane image 30 but, in fact, will be considerably larger in size than the pixels used in world-plane image 30. Thus, the actual size of the image viewed in viewport 40 may be only comprise a very small portion of world-plane image 30.
  • a cursor 50 is present in both viewport 40 and world-plane image 30 at exactly identical positions within the images.
  • the position of cursor 50 is controllable in the known manner, by mouse 18 or by direction arrow keys on the keyboard of display 16.
  • cursor 50 is caused to move toward the right edge of the screen of display 16.
  • the viewport image 40 begins to pan to the right in the direction shown by arrow 52. If the user continues to move mouse 18 to the right, causing cursor 50 to move further outside viewport 40 (e.g.
  • cursor 50' is to the right of limit 44 by a distance "d". The distance d is repetively "measured” and a table is then accessed to determine the pan rate associated therewith.
  • the pan operation occurs within the system of FIG. 1 by causing columns or rows of pixels to be added to the viewport limit in the direction of the pan, and for columns or rows of pixels (or the case may be) to be subtracted from the opposite image limit.
  • viewport 40 is being panned in the direction of arrow 52 in FIG. 2, then columns of pixels are added along limit 44 from world plane image memory 22.
  • a like number of columns are removed from the area adjacent limit 48 and the entire image is shifted so that it lies within the viewport's limits.
  • the rate of addition of pixel columns and the number of pixel columns added is as shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a pan rate table which is stored within "pan" area 14 of ALU 10.
  • the left-most column of the table indicates the distance d of cursor 50' outside of a limit of viewport 40. If distance d is equal to 0, then it is known that cursor 50 is coincident with one of limits 42, 44, 46 and 48. In that case, the middle column defines the pan rate in pels (pixel's or picture elements) per second to be applied to the pan operation.
  • the right most column indicates the amount of movement of viewport 40 per pan action, as measured in pels. For instance, if the distance d is measured at 5 pels, then the pan rate is indicated as 2 pels per second, with each pan movement being 5 pels.
  • pan rate table of FIG. 3 is merely exemplary as to the indicated values and does not come into action until it is determined that the position of cursor 50 is coincident with a limit of viewport 40.
  • the viewport's limits are defined within world-plane image 30 and the initial position of cursor 50 is recorded (boxes 60 and 62). Then, on a repetitive basis, the position of cursor 50 is tested (box 64). If it is found that cursor 50 has been moved (decision box 65), then the new cursor position is added to the initial cursor position (box 66), and a determination made as to whether the cursor is still within the viewport (decision box 68). If the cursor is found to still be within the viewport, then the cursor is moved as commanded (box 70). Of course, if no cursor move is found in decision box 65, the process merely recycles and the cursor position is again tested.
  • the pan rate and amount may be determined from the zero line of the left-most column of FIG. 3. If a distance d is found in box 78, that distance is utilized to address the pan rate table of FIG. 3 to find both the pan rate and the amount of movement per pan move. Those determinations are made in box 80, but before the pan action can be implemented, it must be determined whether the viewport limit is coincident with a world-plane limit. This is determined in decision box 82. If the answer is yes, no further pan is enabled in that direction, and the pan action is terminated (box 84). On the other hand, if a world plane limit has not been reached by a viewport limit, the viewport is panned by the amount and rate found from FIG. 3 (box 86).
  • the keyboard output is interrogated to determine if a keystroke has commanded a cursor move (decision box 88). If yes, the routine recycles and again tests the cursor's position (box 64) etc. If no, the system interrogates whether a connected mouse movement input has been sensed. If none is sensed, then the viewport continues to pan at the same rate until it "hits" a world plane image boundary (boxes 82 and 86). If however, a mouse move is detected, the routine recycles to again test the cursor position (box 64) etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Digital Computer Display Output (AREA)
  • Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
  • User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
US07/367,172 1989-06-16 1989-06-16 Variable speed, image pan method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US5075673A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/367,172 US5075673A (en) 1989-06-16 1989-06-16 Variable speed, image pan method and apparatus
CA002012797A CA2012797C (en) 1989-06-16 1990-03-22 Variable speed, image pan method and apparatus
DE69011002T DE69011002T2 (de) 1989-06-16 1990-05-31 Bildverschiebung mit variabler Geschwindigkeit.
ES90305976T ES2064630T3 (es) 1989-06-16 1990-05-31 Panoramizacion de imagenes a velocidad variable.
EP90305976A EP0404373B1 (en) 1989-06-16 1990-05-31 Variable speed image panning
PE1990170574A PE6991A1 (es) 1989-06-16 1990-06-07 Dispositivo y metodo para obtener una imagen panoramica de velocidad variable
JP15289190A JP3161536B2 (ja) 1989-06-16 1990-06-13 表示イメージの移動方法
BR909002825A BR9002825A (pt) 1989-06-16 1990-06-15 Metodos para deslocamento de quadro de imagem em velocidade variavel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/367,172 US5075673A (en) 1989-06-16 1989-06-16 Variable speed, image pan method and apparatus

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US5075673A true US5075673A (en) 1991-12-24

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US (1) US5075673A (es)
EP (1) EP0404373B1 (es)
JP (1) JP3161536B2 (es)
BR (1) BR9002825A (es)
CA (1) CA2012797C (es)
DE (1) DE69011002T2 (es)
ES (1) ES2064630T3 (es)
PE (1) PE6991A1 (es)

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Cited By (105)

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US5289168A (en) * 1990-01-23 1994-02-22 Crosfield Electronics Ltd. Image handling apparatus and controller for selecting display mode
US5331335A (en) * 1990-08-10 1994-07-19 Fujitsu Limited Panning control device for controlling area of display image in computer aided design system
US5463726A (en) * 1990-11-20 1995-10-31 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for graphic accessing of multiple software applications
US5586196A (en) * 1991-04-24 1996-12-17 Michael Sussman Digital document magnifier
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EP0404373A1 (en) 1990-12-27
DE69011002D1 (de) 1994-09-01
JPH0325679A (ja) 1991-02-04
JP3161536B2 (ja) 2001-04-25
CA2012797C (en) 1995-01-24
DE69011002T2 (de) 1995-03-09
PE6991A1 (es) 1991-03-05
BR9002825A (pt) 1991-08-20
CA2012797A1 (en) 1990-12-16
ES2064630T3 (es) 1995-02-01

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