US5052463A - Method for producing a pipe section with an internal heat insulation lining - Google Patents

Method for producing a pipe section with an internal heat insulation lining Download PDF

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Publication number
US5052463A
US5052463A US07/491,299 US49129990A US5052463A US 5052463 A US5052463 A US 5052463A US 49129990 A US49129990 A US 49129990A US 5052463 A US5052463 A US 5052463A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pipe section
casting
core
hollow
casting core
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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US07/491,299
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English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Lechner
Dieter Kunzmann
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
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Assigned to MESSERSCHMITT - BOELKOW - BLOHM GMBH reassignment MESSERSCHMITT - BOELKOW - BLOHM GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: KUNZMANN, DIETER, LECHNER, MANFRED
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/16—Selection of particular materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a pipe section with an internal heat insulation, especially a pipe section having an elbow shape.
  • the invention also relates to a pipe section formed according to the present method with an internal heat insulation lining.
  • German Patent Publication (DE-OS) 3,241,513 discloses the manufacture of tempered rovings or textile type structures, such as webbings made of synthetic fibers, which are individually nickel coated. Such rovings or textile type materials are used for the production of aircraft outer skins, thereby providing an increased protection of the aircraft against being struck by lightning. Such rovings and textile type materials have an increased electrical conductivity at higher temperatures.
  • the materials in which the individual fibers are nickel coated are not suitable for the production of shaped structural components such as pipe sections or the like, which are exposed to high temperature loading under long duration operating conditions such as is the case for the exhaust elbows of combustion engines or similar components exposed to high operating temperatures.
  • a high temperature resistant pipe section such as an elbow pipe section, which has an internal integral lining of high temperature resistant material, such as carbon fiber composite material.
  • the pipe section according to the invention is manufactured by the following steps. First, a hollow casting core of carbon fiber carbon material is formed. When the core has been cured it is mounted in a casting mold, whereby care is taken that the melt of which the pipe section is to be cast, cannot enter into the hollow casting core. Next, the casting of the pipe section is performed by introducing a high temperature resistant metal melt, such as a nickel base alloy, into the casting mold, whereby the pipe section is formed around and bonded to the hollow casting core which becomes an integral internal heat insulation lining. When the pipe section has solidified, it is removed, together with its internal heat insulation, from the casting mold.
  • a high temperature resistant metal melt such as a nickel base alloy
  • the hollow casting core of carbon fiber carbon material is provided on its outer surface with a nickel coating and with a platinum layer on the nickel coating while the inner surface is coated with silicon carbide.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view through a hollow jacket still on a jacket core, said jacket being subsequently used to form a casting core which will still later become a heat resistant liner;
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1, however, showing a casting core with its coatings on its outside and on its inside surfaces;
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional view through a cast elbow pipe section after its removal from the casting mold with the casting core now forming the heat resistant liner inside the cast elbow pipe but prior to a finishing operation;
  • FIG. 4 shows a finished pipe elbow with the heat resistant inner lining produced according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows the formation of a wax model in an injection mold around the liner
  • FIG. 6 shows the wax model after removal of the injection mold
  • FIG. 7 shows the wax model of FIG. 6 after spray-on of green ceramic
  • FIG. 8 shows the ceramic mold after firing the green ceramic of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 shows the cast elbow pipe prior to the removal of the ceramic mold.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 illustrate the manufacture of a pipe section in the form of a pipe elbow that may, for example, be used as an ignition elbow or manifold in an internal combustion engine.
  • Such pipe sections must be capable of operating for prolonged periods of time under high temperature conditions up to 2500° C.
  • These pipe elbows must be capable of withstanding these temperatures without developing cracks while simultaneously having a corrosion preventing characteristic which prevents the ignition gases or exhaust gases from corroding the pipe elbow 200.
  • the pipe elbow 200 is provided on its inner surface with a high temperature resistant inner lining integrally bonded to the inside of the pipe elbow.
  • the formation of such a lining poses problems since it is not possible to efficiently form such a lining after the metal portion of the pipe elbow has been formed by casting.
  • the invention avoids this problem by securing the inner high temperature resistant lining to the inner surface of the pipe elbow during the casting.
  • FIG. 1 shows that the first step in the manufacturing sequence of a pipe section according to the invention involves the formation or provision of a removable hollow jacket core K having a configuration of the pipe section, more specifically, of the flow channel through the pipe section.
  • the heat insulating jacket is formed on the core by winding or layering preimpregnated carbon fiber composite material onto the core, for example, in the form of so-called CFC-prepregs to form the jacket 10 which is then permitted to cure.
  • CFC-prepregs comprise reinforcing carbon fibers embedded in a carbon matrix.
  • the jacket is formed to a wall thickness of several mm, for example 4 mm.
  • a silicon carbide coating 11 is now applied to the inner surface of the hollow casting core 100.
  • This silicon carbide coating may, for example, be applied by a vapor deposition or the like.
  • the casting or molding core 100 is closed at its ends by closure members 16 and 16' as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the closure member 16 is constructed for mounting the core 100 in a galvanic bath.
  • the closure member 16 has a number of spring biased clamping pins 16a which press into the jacket 10.
  • a seal 16b makes sure that the galvanic bath liquid cannot enter into the interior of the core 100.
  • the core 100 is an electrical insulator, it is first coated with a nickel coating in a currentless manner until any irregularities or pores in the surface of the core 100 are closed and until the surface of the core becomes electrically conductive. Thereafter, the so-prepared core is inserted into a sulfate nickel bath and the nickel coating 12 is formed to a thickness of between 0.5 mm to maximally about 1 mm. Once the nickel coating 12 has been formed, the closure member 16 and 16' are removed, if necessary, the end faces are mechanically cut clean and closed by nickel covers 14 and 14a as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a platinum layer 13 is applied to the outer surface of the nickel coating 12.
  • the platinum layer 13 may, for example, be also applied in a galvanic bath.
  • the platinum coating provides an optimal protection against oxidation during the following manufacturing steps. Additionally, the platinum provides an excellent bonding between the casting core, more specifically between the nickel coating 12 and the pipe section 17 shown in FIG. 3.
  • Layer 13 has a thickness within the range of 0.001 to 0.5 mm.
  • the so-prepared casting core 100 is now ready for use as a core in the subsequent vacuum casting of the pipe section 17.
  • a wax model having the configuration of the pipe section 17 shown in FIG. 3 is formed around the casting core 100.
  • the core may be inserted into the wax model or the wax model may be cast around the core 100.
  • the core 100 will be partially encased in the wax model so that at least the end portions shown in FIG. 3 protrude from the wax model which takes up the space of the pipe section 17.
  • the shape of the wax model corresponds exactly to the shape of the pipe section 17 shown in FIG. 3.
  • a green ceramic material is supplied to the wax model with the casting core at least partly encased in the wax model.
  • the green ceramic material with the wax model inside of the green ceramic material is then fired to form a ceramic mold, whereby the wax model melts out of the ceramic mold while the casting core remains in a proper position inside the ceramic mold, however, with the ends of the core protruding from the ceramic mold.
  • the temperature at which the ceramic mold is formed and the wax melted out is within the range of 800° C. to 1100° C. and the firing takes place preferably in an oxygen atmosphere.
  • the platinum layer 13 prevents the oxidation of the nickel coating 12.
  • the so formed ceramic mold is now ready for casting a high temperature resistant metal alloy melt, such as a nickel base alloy, into the ceramic mold, whereby the pipe section 17 is formed around and bonded to the casting core 100 which thereby becomes the internal heat insulation lining inside the pipe section 17.
  • a high temperature resistant metal alloy melt such as a nickel base alloy
  • the pipe section 17 is removed from the ceramic mold, including the internal heat insulation lining. Any machining steps are then performed, for example, to shape the ends of the pipe section for connection to other pipe sections as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the platinum layer 13 diffuses into the nickel alloy of the pipe section 17 and also into the nickel coating 12, whereby an intimate bonding is achieved between the inner heat insulating lining formed by the jacket 10 and the inner surface of the pipe section 17.
  • this bonding securely anchors the two components to each other so that the machining operation such as cutting, plane turning, and so forth, including the formation of bores and center bores, can be performed to achieve the final product shown in FIG. 4.
  • the above mentioned nickel coating has preferably a thickness within the range of about 0.5 to about 1.0 mm, as mentioned. It will be appreciated that the just described sequence of steps is the preferred way of manufacturing a high quality pipe section such as an elbow or manifold which has excellent heat resisting capabilities.
  • the present method can be performed by first making a hollow casting core of carbon fiber carbon material which is then mounted in a casting mold, whereupon the casting takes place by introducing a high temperature resistant metal melt into the casting mold so that the pipe section is formed directly around and bonded to the carbon fiber carbon material of the hollow casting core, whereby care is taken that the melt does not enter into the hollow core. Once the pipe has solidified, it is removed with its inner core lining from the mold.
  • FIG. 1 shows the jacket 10 made of carbon fiber phenolic resin composite material wound or laminated onto the core sections K1, K2.
  • FIG. 2 shows the jacket 10 of carbon-carbon-composite material with a silicon carbide layer 11 on the inside and a nickel layer 12 on the outside.
  • the jacket is held in mountings 16, 16' for the galvanizing.
  • FIG. 3 shows a carbon-carbon jacket encasted by the pipe elbow 200 with the ceramic mold removed and the inlet casting funnel and riser also removed.
  • FIG. 4 shows the pipe elbow or igniter elbow 200 after final machining, whereby the dash-dotted lines indicate material that has been removed by mechanical machining.
  • a connector inlet for a pressure or temperature measuring connection is shown in the upper left-hand corner.
  • FIG. 5 shows the liner 100 inserted in a wax injection mold which is dividable and into which a wax model has been injection molded.
  • FIG. 6 shows the carbon-carbon liner 100 with the wax model surrounding the liner and with a casting funnel and riser made of wax.
  • FIG. 7 shows the carbon-carbon liner 100 with a wax model surrounding the liner and with a riser as well as casting funnel also made of wax.
  • the wax model with its riser and funnel are enveloped by green sprayed-on ceramic.
  • FIG. 8 shows the carbon-carbon liner 100 inside a fired ceramic mold out of which the wax model has been burned-out to form a hollow casting space.
  • FIG. 9 shows the carbon-carbon liner 100 inside a cast nickel base alloy elbow 17.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
US07/491,299 1989-03-11 1990-03-09 Method for producing a pipe section with an internal heat insulation lining Expired - Fee Related US5052463A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3907923 1989-03-11
DE3907923A DE3907923C1 (fr) 1989-03-11 1989-03-11

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JP (1) JPH02241661A (fr)
DE (1) DE3907923C1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2644088B1 (fr)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995005529A1 (fr) * 1993-08-16 1995-02-23 Loral Vought Systems Corporation Production d'energie a grand rendement
US5404721A (en) * 1994-01-28 1995-04-11 Ford Motor Company Cast-in-place ceramic manifold and method of manufacturing same
US5404716A (en) * 1994-02-24 1995-04-11 Caterpillar Inc. Internally insulated gas manifold
US5557490A (en) * 1990-11-09 1996-09-17 Seagate Technology, Inc. Method of manufacturing an actuator arm with a steel sleeve for thermal off track compensation
US5593745A (en) * 1994-02-24 1997-01-14 Caterpillar Inc. Insulated port liner assembly
US5910095A (en) * 1997-02-21 1999-06-08 Northrop Grumman Corporation Fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite marine engine riser elbow
US5927070A (en) * 1996-03-06 1999-07-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Lightweight exhaust manifold and exhaust pipe ducting for internal combustion engines
US5975189A (en) * 1992-07-30 1999-11-02 Suguru Nemoto Method of fabricating a metallic article using a non-sand core
WO2001021344A1 (fr) * 1999-09-20 2001-03-29 Metal Matrix Cast Composites, Inc. Materiaux de moule a precision refractaires pour coulee et leurs procedes d'utilisation dans le cadre de coulee par infiltration
US6725656B2 (en) * 2001-12-07 2004-04-27 Dan T. Moore Company Insulated exhaust manifold
US20040177609A1 (en) * 2001-12-07 2004-09-16 Moore Dan T. Insulated exhaust manifold having ceramic inner layer that is highly resistant to thermal cycling
US7461684B2 (en) 2002-08-20 2008-12-09 The Ex One Company, Llc Casting process and articles for performing same
CN103302248A (zh) * 2013-05-20 2013-09-18 江苏久保联实业有限公司 一种高温合金弯管熔模铸造模具
CN103990778A (zh) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-20 永克达工业股份有限公司 刹车线头成形方式及装置
US9579714B1 (en) 2015-12-17 2017-02-28 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
CN106481424A (zh) * 2016-11-10 2017-03-08 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 一种石墨烯纤维汽车排气管及其生产工艺
CN106555661A (zh) * 2016-11-10 2017-04-05 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 一种碳纤维汽车排气管及其生产工艺
CN106564180A (zh) * 2016-11-10 2017-04-19 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 一种石墨烯碳纤维复合材料汽车排气管及其生产方法
JP2017110662A (ja) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-22 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ 内部通路が内側に画定されたコンポーネントを形成するための方法およびアッセンブリ
CN106890946A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-27 通用电气公司 用于形成具有限定在其中的内部通路的构件的方法和组件
EP3187277A1 (fr) * 2015-12-17 2017-07-05 General Electric Company Ensemble de moule comprenant un noyau désoxygéné et son procédé de fabrication
JP2017122437A (ja) * 2015-12-17 2017-07-13 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ ジャケット付きコアを使用して内部通路を有する構成要素を形成するための方法及びアセンブリ
CN107030260A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-08-11 通用电气公司 用于利用带护套芯形成具有内部通路的构件的方法和组件
US9968991B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-05-15 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
US10046389B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-08-14 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10099283B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10099284B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having a catalyzed internal passage defined therein
US10118217B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-11-06 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10286450B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-05-14 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
US10335853B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-07-02 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core

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CN107913980B (zh) * 2016-10-11 2024-05-17 北京航空材料研究院股份有限公司 弯管模具

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JPS5813464A (ja) * 1981-07-16 1983-01-25 Takaoka Kogyo Kk 排気ガス還流装置用弁体の製造方法
DE3241513A1 (de) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-10 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Getemperte rovings, textile flaechengebilde und monofilamente aus vernickelten kohlenstoffasern
JPS609569A (ja) * 1983-06-29 1985-01-18 Toray Ind Inc 繊維強化金属複合材料の製造方法
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JPS5813464A (ja) * 1981-07-16 1983-01-25 Takaoka Kogyo Kk 排気ガス還流装置用弁体の製造方法
DE3241513A1 (de) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-10 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Getemperte rovings, textile flaechengebilde und monofilamente aus vernickelten kohlenstoffasern
US4508158A (en) * 1983-02-22 1985-04-02 International Harvester Company Graphite-metal matrix bearings and methods of manufacturing
JPS609569A (ja) * 1983-06-29 1985-01-18 Toray Ind Inc 繊維強化金属複合材料の製造方法
JPS62187562A (ja) * 1986-02-14 1987-08-15 Honda Motor Co Ltd 繊維強化シリンダブロツクの製造方法
GB2194277A (en) * 1986-07-25 1988-03-02 English Electric Co Ltd Composite material of nickel, & carbon fibre

Cited By (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5557490A (en) * 1990-11-09 1996-09-17 Seagate Technology, Inc. Method of manufacturing an actuator arm with a steel sleeve for thermal off track compensation
US5975189A (en) * 1992-07-30 1999-11-02 Suguru Nemoto Method of fabricating a metallic article using a non-sand core
US5431016A (en) * 1993-08-16 1995-07-11 Loral Vought Systems Corp. High efficiency power generation
US5896895A (en) * 1993-08-16 1999-04-27 Lockheed Vought Systems Radiation convection and conduction heat flow insulation barriers
WO1995005529A1 (fr) * 1993-08-16 1995-02-23 Loral Vought Systems Corporation Production d'energie a grand rendement
US5404721A (en) * 1994-01-28 1995-04-11 Ford Motor Company Cast-in-place ceramic manifold and method of manufacturing same
US5404716A (en) * 1994-02-24 1995-04-11 Caterpillar Inc. Internally insulated gas manifold
US5593745A (en) * 1994-02-24 1997-01-14 Caterpillar Inc. Insulated port liner assembly
ES2122847A1 (es) * 1994-02-24 1998-12-16 Caterpillar Inc Colector de gases aislado internamente.
US5927070A (en) * 1996-03-06 1999-07-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Lightweight exhaust manifold and exhaust pipe ducting for internal combustion engines
US5910095A (en) * 1997-02-21 1999-06-08 Northrop Grumman Corporation Fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite marine engine riser elbow
WO2001021344A1 (fr) * 1999-09-20 2001-03-29 Metal Matrix Cast Composites, Inc. Materiaux de moule a precision refractaires pour coulee et leurs procedes d'utilisation dans le cadre de coulee par infiltration
US6776219B1 (en) 1999-09-20 2004-08-17 Metal Matrix Cast Composites, Inc. Castable refractory investment mold materials and methods of their use in infiltration casting
US6725656B2 (en) * 2001-12-07 2004-04-27 Dan T. Moore Company Insulated exhaust manifold
US20040177609A1 (en) * 2001-12-07 2004-09-16 Moore Dan T. Insulated exhaust manifold having ceramic inner layer that is highly resistant to thermal cycling
US7461684B2 (en) 2002-08-20 2008-12-09 The Ex One Company, Llc Casting process and articles for performing same
CN103990778A (zh) * 2013-02-19 2014-08-20 永克达工业股份有限公司 刹车线头成形方式及装置
CN103302248A (zh) * 2013-05-20 2013-09-18 江苏久保联实业有限公司 一种高温合金弯管熔模铸造模具
JP2017110662A (ja) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-22 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ 内部通路が内側に画定されたコンポーネントを形成するための方法およびアッセンブリ
US9987677B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-06-05 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
CN106944595B (zh) * 2015-12-17 2020-07-28 通用电气公司 用于使用格子结构形成具有内部通路的构件的方法和组件
CN106964758B (zh) * 2015-12-17 2020-04-10 通用电气公司 用于利用带护套芯形成具有内部通路的构件的方法和组件
US9579714B1 (en) 2015-12-17 2017-02-28 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
CN106890946A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-27 通用电气公司 用于形成具有限定在其中的内部通路的构件的方法和组件
EP3187277A1 (fr) * 2015-12-17 2017-07-05 General Electric Company Ensemble de moule comprenant un noyau désoxygéné et son procédé de fabrication
JP2017122437A (ja) * 2015-12-17 2017-07-13 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ ジャケット付きコアを使用して内部通路を有する構成要素を形成するための方法及びアセンブリ
CN106944595A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-07-14 通用电气公司 用于使用格子结构形成具有内部通路的构件的方法和组件
CN106964758A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-07-21 通用电气公司 用于利用带护套芯形成具有内部通路的构件的方法和组件
CN107030260A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-08-11 通用电气公司 用于利用带护套芯形成具有内部通路的构件的方法和组件
US9968991B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-05-15 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
US9975176B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-05-22 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a lattice structure
US10150158B2 (en) * 2015-12-17 2018-12-11 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10046389B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-08-14 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10099276B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10099283B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10099284B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having a catalyzed internal passage defined therein
US10118217B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-11-06 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having internal passages using a jacketed core
US10137499B2 (en) 2015-12-17 2018-11-27 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components having an internal passage defined therein
US10286450B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-05-14 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
US10335853B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2019-07-02 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
US10981221B2 (en) 2016-04-27 2021-04-20 General Electric Company Method and assembly for forming components using a jacketed core
CN106481424A (zh) * 2016-11-10 2017-03-08 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 一种石墨烯纤维汽车排气管及其生产工艺
CN106564180A (zh) * 2016-11-10 2017-04-19 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 一种石墨烯碳纤维复合材料汽车排气管及其生产方法
CN106555661A (zh) * 2016-11-10 2017-04-05 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 一种碳纤维汽车排气管及其生产工艺

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JPH02241661A (ja) 1990-09-26
DE3907923C1 (fr) 1989-12-07
FR2644088A1 (fr) 1990-09-14
FR2644088B1 (fr) 1993-06-11

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