US4697123A - Gas discharge panel - Google Patents

Gas discharge panel Download PDF

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Publication number
US4697123A
US4697123A US06/319,404 US31940481A US4697123A US 4697123 A US4697123 A US 4697123A US 31940481 A US31940481 A US 31940481A US 4697123 A US4697123 A US 4697123A
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United States
Prior art keywords
substrate
electrode
supporting substrates
gas discharge
substrates
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US06/319,404
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Tsutae Shinoda
Yoshinori Miyashita
Yoshimi Sugimoto
Hideo Sei
Shizuo Andoh
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Assigned to FUJITSU LIMITED, A CORP. OF JAPAN reassignment FUJITSU LIMITED, A CORP. OF JAPAN ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ANDOH, SHIZUO, MIYASHITA, YOSHINORI, SEI, HIDEO, SHINODA, TSUTAE, SUGIMOTO, YOSHIMI
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J11/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. alternating current plasma display panels [AC-PDP]; Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the vessel; Gas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a display panel utilizing gas discharge, particularly to a new large size panel structure of the surface discharge type, the monolithic type or the planar type gas discharge panel.
  • the surface discharge type, monolithic type or planar type panel is employed as a kind of gas discharge panel.
  • the gas discharge panel of this type as is well known, for example, from the U.S. Pat. No. 3,646,384 issued Feb. 29, 1972 to Frank M. Lay, provides the characteristic that the X electrodes and Y electrodes are laid only on one substrate of a pair of substrates arranged face-to-face via the gas filled space, and that the horizontal discharge is generated along the substrate surface in the area near to the intersecting points of the electrodes.
  • Such a structure provides the advantages that the requirement of accuracy for the gap between paired substrates (discharge gap) is drastically alleviated as compared with the panel having the face-to-face electrode structure, and moreover conversion of display color and multi-coloration can be realized easily by providing the ultra-violet rays activation type fluouresecent material at the internal side of a covering substrate.
  • the display device utilizing such a gas discharge panel it has become desirable for the display device utilizing such a gas discharge panel to display large size images and figures and a large amount of characters and therefore the pertinent panel must be increased in size.
  • the surface discharge panel provides the advantage, as explained above, that panels having uniform discharge characteristics can easily be obtained depending on the flatness of the glass substrate used because high discharge gap accuracy is not required.
  • this surface discharge panel has a problem in that the probability of generating electrode disconnection and termination of electrodes on the substrate becomes high as the panel size is enlarged and resultingly the number of electrodes is increased. As a result, the yield of panel production is drastically lowered.
  • such a panel has a problem in that a large scale facility is required for formation of electrodes.
  • an ordinary gas discharge panel of the face-to-face electrode type as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,886,390 and Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 55-10197 has a large size display surface by combining a plurality of small size discrete panels, each being completed assembly.
  • a well known panel having a large size display structure cannot be free from the generation of a discontinuous display at the joint areas between adjacent panels.
  • the gas discharge panel of the present invention comprises a plurality of electrode supporting substrates which support electrode pairs of a specified pattern and which are combined in such a form that the side edge surfaces of the pertinent substrates arranged, face-to-face, and a single large size covering substrate are arranged face-to-face at the upper side of this combined substrated enclosing a specified gas discharge space.
  • a fluorescent material is provided as required, opposite the electrode pairs to obtain the desired display color.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of the structure of the surface discharge type gas discharge panel of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view along the line II--II' of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a modification of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a panel in accordance with a modification of the present invention having nine sheets of electrode supporting substrates combined in a three by three arrangement;
  • FIGS. 5A and B are a plan view and a sectional view, respectively, of the electrode connecting structure for obtaining continuity of electrodes of adjacent electrode supporting substrates;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a panel in accordance with a modification of the present invention where eight sheets of electrode supporting substrates are combined in a two by four arrangement;
  • FIG. 7A is a plan view of the electrode leadout structure which is effective when combined with the embodiment of FIG. 6;
  • FIGS. 7B and 7C are sectional views of the electrode leadout structure which is effective when combined with the embodiment of FIG. 6;
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are sectional views of a panel which realized color conversion or multi-color display of the present invention.
  • a display panel 10 basically comprises a flat type hermetically sealed body including a pair of large size glass substrates 12 and 13 which are combined face-to-face, enclosing a discharge gas space 11.
  • the upper glass substrate 13 functions as a cover substrate having a single plate structure.
  • substrate 12 is called hereafter the combination substrate.
  • the four glass substrates 121, 122, 123, 124 have respectively, a plurality of Y electrodes 14, extending in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of X electrodes 16 extending in the vertical direction, respectively positioned below and above an evaporated insulating film 15 (FIG. 2a) comprising borosilicate glass.
  • the dielectric layer 17 comprising borosilicate glass or evapoated film such as aluminium oxide etc., is provided and it is covered with a surface layer of an evaporated film of magnesium oxide (M g O) (not illustrated).
  • One end of the Y electrode group and one end of the X electrode group of each substrate is aligned so that the pertinent corresponding electrodes are arranged in a line bridging over two adjacent substrates as indicated below.
  • the other ends of the respective electrodes are exposed to the outside so that they become the connecting terminals of an external drive circuit.
  • the X electrodes and Y electrodes on the two sheets of substrate arranged in the same line can be used, respectively, as a single X electrode and a single Y electrode when they are electrically connected at the inside or the outside of the panel, or they can be used as an electrode having an independent function.
  • the Y and X electrodes, 14 and 16 are formed by the patterning of the evaporated conductive layer comprising Cu-Al alloy etc. via a photo-exposing method.
  • a seal material 18 comprising a low melting point glass etc. is provided at the circumference between the cover glass substrate 13 and the combination substrate 12.
  • a mixed gas of Xe-He is supplied through a chip pipe 19 and an exhaust port 20 and fills the sealed gas space 11.
  • a large size supporting substrate 21 for reinforcing the panel is arranged at the lower side of the combination substrate 12.
  • a low melting point glass 22 is used for bonding purposes. This glass is provided at the circumference and at the corresponding aligning portions of the electrode supporting substrates 121 to 124 positioned on the supporting substrate 21.
  • the bonding material 22 also provides the junction for combining the four sheets of electrode supporting substrates and the bond between the pertinent combination substrate 12 and supporting substrate 21.
  • 23 is the through hole for accepting the chip pipe 19.
  • Such a large size display panel can be driven as expained below. Namely, the matrix address drive for the entire panel becomes possible by electrically connecting corresponding electrodes on the same line of adjacent sheets of electrode supporting substrates (externally). If the electrodes are not electrically connected between the electrode substrates, a partial matrix address drive for each electrode supporting substrate becomes possible. In the former case, the drive circuit can be simplified and in the latter case, the drive circuit is complicated but high speed addressing can be attained.
  • the basic embodiment of the present invention is explained above but the subject matter of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment and allows for diversified modification and expansion. Some examples of modifications are as follows.
  • the supporting substrate for reinforcing the panel described above is not always required. However, if it is not used, a thick electrode supporting substrate should be used. In addition, the low-melting-point glass must be provided for bonding purposes at the aligning portion of the substrates (between the side edge surfaces). This bonding structure can also be used when the supporting substrate is used.
  • the electrodes and dielectric layers can be formed not only by the thin film technique, but also via thick film techniques.
  • a chip pipe 19' can be provided on the supporting substrate 21 as shown in the sectional view of FIG. 3 by hermetically sealing the circumference of the combination substrate 12 to the supporting substrate 21.
  • the portion 191 is low-melting-point glass for bonding the chip pipe 19' to the supporting substrate 21.
  • the space between the combination substrate 12 and the supporting substrate 21 is set to the same pneumatic pressure condition as the discharge gas filled space 11. Therefore, there is no fear of deforming the combination substrate 12 due to external pneumatic pressures during the baking after exhausting the pressure from the gas filled space 11, or during actual display operation. For this reason, this method has the following merits.
  • the gap in the gas filled space 11 can be kept constant and the weight of the display panel, as a whole, can be reduced because a thin and light weight material can be used for the electrode supporting substrate which forms the combination substrate 12.
  • the practical dimensions for the display can be adopted as follow.
  • the circumference of the panel must be sealed under the condition that the side edges of the electrode supporting substrates are hermeticlly sealed, and in this case more reliable sealing between the electrode supporting substrate edges can be obtained because the electrode supporting substrate is thinner.
  • the number of electrode supporting substrates combined is not limited to four, as in the above example, more substrate sheets can be used.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example where nine substrate sheets are combined in a three by three manner.
  • the electrodes of five substrate sheets 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, framed by four sheets of square substrates 121, 122, 123, 124, are subjected to the following wire processing.
  • corresponding electrodes located on the same line bridging over adjacent substrates be electrically connected via connecting wires by the well known bonding technique under the condition that these substrates are arranged face-to-face.
  • FIG. 5 A is a plan view of a major portion indicating the connecting structure for corresponding Y electrodes 14 on the same line of two adjacent sheets of electrode supporting substrates 124 and 128, shown arranged in the horizontal direction of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 5 B is a sectional view along the line V--V of FIG. 5 A.
  • 1241 and 1281 are through holes; 1242 and 1282 are electrode leadout conductors; 31 is the electrode connecting conductor.
  • a plurality of through holes (1241, 1281) having a diameter of about 0.5 mm are bored by a laser machining technique. These holes are positioned at the edges of the side joining with the other ceramic substrate (electrode substrate).
  • an Au paste is printed in such a form so as to match the Y electrode pattern respectively on the front and rear surfaces of the ceramic substrates on which the through holes are bored.
  • the printed Au pastes at the front and rear sides of the substrates become continuous, as shown in FIG. 5 B.
  • the printed Au paste is baked, and thereby electrode leadout conductors (1242, 1282) are formed. Thereafter, an evaporated conductive layer of the Cu-Al alloy is provided in accordance with the Y electrode pattern on the surface of the ceramic substrate, and thus the desired Y electrode (14) is formed. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, the edge of a Y electrode is stacked at one end of the electrode leadout conductor and electrically connected via the through holes, e.g., 1241. Thereafter, an evaporated film 15 of borosilicate glass is formed on the surfaces of the ceramic substrates. Succeedingly, the X electrodes and its leadout conductor, although they are not illustrated, are formed by the abovementioned production method. The abovementioned electrode supporting substrates (124, 128) are completed through the aforementioned production processes.
  • the above formed electrode supporting substrates are provided on the supporting substrate 21, used for reinforcement, with the edge surfaces where the electrode leadout conductors (1242, 1282) are formed being aligned face-to-face as shown in FIG. 5 B.
  • the Au paste (31) for connecting the electrode leadout conductors (1242, 1282) are printed at specified positions on the substrate mounting surface of the supporting substrate 21.
  • the electrode leadout conductors (1242, 1282) are positioned closely on the connecting conductor (31). Thereafter, such conductor is baked and melted. Thereby, both conductors (1242, 1282) are electrically connected via the connecting conductor 31.
  • corresponding lines of the Y and X electrodes 14 and 16 on the combined nine sheets of electrode supporting substrates i.e., 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128 and 129) are electrically connected as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the combined sheets function as the matrix electrode of a large size display panel.
  • the chip pipe structure is not limited to that indicated in this wiring example, but is recommended to have the structure shown in FIG. 3.
  • the third wiring method effective for producing a rectangular large size display panel comprises combined electrode supporting substrates arranged in two vertical columns as shown in FIG. 6, will be explained. Namely, this method is characterized in that the electrode supporting substrates 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127 and 128 are independently driven to obtain a high quality display with a uniform operating margin of the electrode supporting substrates.
  • the external connecting terminals of the X electrodes and Y electrodes are guided out from the remaining one side of each of the central four electrode supporting substrates 122, 123, 126, 127 which have three sides arranged face-to-face as shown.
  • FIG. 7 A shows the plan view of the principal portion of the electrode supporting substrate 126 employing this method.
  • FIG. 7 A shows the plan view of the principal portion of the electrode supporting substrate 126 employing this method.
  • FIG. 7B and C respectively shown sectional view along the lines I--I' and II--II' of FIG. 7 A.
  • 1261 is a through hole
  • 141 is an electrode leadout conductor comprising Au paste for connecting the Y electrode 14 to the external drive circuit.
  • alumina ceramic material is used, and the through hole (1261) and the electrode leadout conductor (141) of this ceramic substrate are formed by the method shown in FIG. 5.
  • a larger display panel can also be configured by combining a plurality of large size gas discharge panels shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 and FIG. 6.
  • Color conversion or multi-color display can be realized by providing the ultra-violet ray activation type fluorescent material, having the specified display color, within the gas filed space of the panel or at the outside of the panel. Three practical examples of providing color will be explained.
  • the fluorescent material 24 is provided at the internal surface of the covering glass substrate 13 as shown in FIG. 2a.
  • the fluorescent material having the specified display color is formed on the entire portion of the internal wall of the substrate, provided that the panel is to be a single color display panel or only intended for color conversion.
  • the fluorescent material which partially shows the display of blue, red and green is provided as required on the internal surface of the substrates, respectively corresponding to the display areas composed of the intersecting points of the Y electrode group 14 and the X electrode group 16.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 uses the mixed gas of X e and H e as the display gas. Therefore (Y.Gd)BO 3 : Eu is recommended as the fluorescent material for displaying red, while BaMgAl 14 O 23 : Eu is recommended for displaying blue and Zn 2 SiO 4 : Eu is recommended for displaying green.
  • An equal number of electrode supporting substrates are also combined and arranged in the discharge gas filled space of the panel with the specified gap (0.1 mm) provided between the electrode supporting substrate.
  • the fluorescent material 24 of the fluorescent material supporting substrate can be formed by the procedures explained previously.
  • the portion indicated by 51 is a spacer and reference numeral 52 indicates bonding material.
  • the third embodiment has a structure such that the large size fluorescent material supporting substrates 61 and the fluorescent material 24 are arranged face-to-face at the external wall surface of the covering glass substrate 13.
  • the fluorescent material is provided at the external side of the panel and in this case sufficent consideration must be paid to the light emitting efficiency of the fluorescent material to prevent optical crosstalk between the light emitting points and to the effects of humidity on the fluorescent material.
  • the mixed gas of Ar+N 2 is used as the discharge gas
  • the glass materials of corning 9-54, 9700 produced by Corning Corp. with a thickness of 1 mm is used as the glass substrate for covering.
  • YO s S: Eu, ZnS: Ag ZnS: Cu-Al may be used as the fluorescent material.
  • the bored insulating substrate 62 for obtaining independent discharge area is provided in the gas filled space 11.
  • the circumference of the fluorescent material supporting substrate 61 is sealed by the frit material 63 and dry gas is filled in the sealed space between the substrate 61 and the covering glass substrate 13.
  • a comparatively thick glass substrate of 2 mm is used for the fluorescent material supporting substrate 61.
  • This thick glass substrate reinforces the covering glass substrate 13 in combination with the bored insulating substrate 62.
  • This embodiment allows the fluorescent material to be provided after completion of the panel, following the assembly of the electrode supporting substrates and the covering of the glass substrates, and resultingly, offers the advantage of increased flexibility in panel construction required to track the demand for color displays. Also since it is only required to provide the pertinent fluorescent material for the completed panel, the production yield of multi-color display panels can be fantastically improved.
  • the matrix type electrode structure proposed in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,164,678 can also be used in addition to the abovementioned double layered structure.
  • This electrode structure will be briefly explained below.
  • the electrode pad has a floating structure which capacitively couples the lower layer electrode (Y electrode) provided at the position near the single side of the upper layer electrode (X electrode) and discharge is caused at the area between the upper layer electrode and the pertinent electrode pad.
  • the present invention is intended to be applied to a surface discharge type gas discharge panel which realizes a large size display panel, and is characterized in that a plurality of small size electrode supporting substrates which can be produced comparatively easily with high production yield are combined in such a form that the side edge surfaces of the substrates are aligned face-to-face and that a single large size cover substrate is arranged face-to-face at the upper part of this combination substrate.
  • a large size gas discharge display panel having a high production yield can be produced without requiring a large scale production facility.
  • a large size multi-color display panel can be obtained by providing fluorescent material in the gas filled space defined by a pair of substrates arranged face-to-face, or on the external wall surface of the substrate.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
US06/319,404 1980-11-19 1981-11-09 Gas discharge panel Expired - Lifetime US4697123A (en)

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JP55-163712 1980-11-19
JP55163712A JPS5787048A (en) 1980-11-19 1980-11-19 Gas discharge panel

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EP (1) EP0052376B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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DE (1) DE3175921D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5383040A (en) * 1991-11-27 1995-01-17 Samsung Electron Devices Co., Ltd. Plasma addressed liquid crystal display with center substrate divided into separate sections
WO2001029866A1 (en) * 1999-10-19 2001-04-26 Candescent Intellectual Property Services, Inc. Electrode structure and related method
US6545422B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2003-04-08 Science Applications International Corporation Socket for use with a micro-component in a light-emitting panel
US6570335B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2003-05-27 Science Applications International Corporation Method and system for energizing a micro-component in a light-emitting panel
US6612889B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2003-09-02 Science Applications International Corporation Method for making a light-emitting panel
US6620012B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2003-09-16 Science Applications International Corporation Method for testing a light-emitting panel and the components therein
US20030207644A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2003-11-06 Green Albert M. Liquid manufacturing processes for panel layer fabrication
US20030207645A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2003-11-06 George E. Victor Use of printing and other technology for micro-component placement
US20030207643A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2003-11-06 Wyeth N. Convers Method for on-line testing of a light emitting panel
US20030214243A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2003-11-20 Drobot Adam T. Method and apparatus for addressing micro-components in a plasma display panel
US6762566B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2004-07-13 Science Applications International Corporation Micro-component for use in a light-emitting panel
US6822626B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2004-11-23 Science Applications International Corporation Design, fabrication, testing, and conditioning of micro-components for use in a light-emitting panel
US20050189164A1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-01 Chang Chi L. Speaker enclosure having outer flared tube
US7288014B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2007-10-30 Science Applications International Corporation Design, fabrication, testing, and conditioning of micro-components for use in a light-emitting panel

Families Citing this family (2)

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JPH0637092U (ja) * 1992-10-27 1994-05-17 ワン ソン−チン 緩衝折畳み自転車
JPH0730192U (ja) * 1993-11-18 1995-06-06 水雲 林 折畳式自転車

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US3665238A (en) * 1969-06-13 1972-05-23 Philips Corp Electric gas discharge tube having vacuum tight sealing means for a plurality of supply leads positioned close together
US3886390A (en) * 1974-08-29 1975-05-27 Burroughs Corp Buttable, gaseous discharge, display panel including electrodes providing a dot matrix display

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5383040A (en) * 1991-11-27 1995-01-17 Samsung Electron Devices Co., Ltd. Plasma addressed liquid crystal display with center substrate divided into separate sections
US6710525B1 (en) 1999-10-19 2004-03-23 Candescent Technologies Corporation Electrode structure and method for forming electrode structure for a flat panel display
WO2001029866A1 (en) * 1999-10-19 2001-04-26 Candescent Intellectual Property Services, Inc. Electrode structure and related method
US6844663B1 (en) 1999-10-19 2005-01-18 Candescent Intellectual Property Structure and method for forming a multilayer electrode for a flat panel display device
US6801001B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2004-10-05 Science Applications International Corporation Method and apparatus for addressing micro-components in a plasma display panel
US6822626B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2004-11-23 Science Applications International Corporation Design, fabrication, testing, and conditioning of micro-components for use in a light-emitting panel
US20030207644A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2003-11-06 Green Albert M. Liquid manufacturing processes for panel layer fabrication
US20030207645A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2003-11-06 George E. Victor Use of printing and other technology for micro-component placement
US20030207643A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2003-11-06 Wyeth N. Convers Method for on-line testing of a light emitting panel
US6646388B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2003-11-11 Science Applications International Corporation Socket for use with a micro-component in a light-emitting panel
US20030214243A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2003-11-20 Drobot Adam T. Method and apparatus for addressing micro-components in a plasma display panel
US20040004445A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2004-01-08 George Edward Victor Method and system for energizing a micro-component in a light-emitting panel
US20040051450A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2004-03-18 George Edward Victor Socket for use with a micro-component in a light-emitting panel
US6612889B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2003-09-02 Science Applications International Corporation Method for making a light-emitting panel
US20040106349A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2004-06-03 Green Albert Myron Light-emitting panel and a method for making
US6762566B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2004-07-13 Science Applications International Corporation Micro-component for use in a light-emitting panel
US6764367B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2004-07-20 Science Applications International Corporation Liquid manufacturing processes for panel layer fabrication
US6796867B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2004-09-28 Science Applications International Corporation Use of printing and other technology for micro-component placement
US6570335B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2003-05-27 Science Applications International Corporation Method and system for energizing a micro-component in a light-emitting panel
US6620012B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2003-09-16 Science Applications International Corporation Method for testing a light-emitting panel and the components therein
US6545422B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2003-04-08 Science Applications International Corporation Socket for use with a micro-component in a light-emitting panel
US6902456B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2005-06-07 Science Applications International Corporation Socket for use with a micro-component in a light-emitting panel
US6935913B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2005-08-30 Science Applications International Corporation Method for on-line testing of a light emitting panel
US8246409B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2012-08-21 Science Applications International Corporation Light-emitting panel and a method for making
US20050206317A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2005-09-22 Science Applications International Corp., A California Corporation Socket for use with a micro-component in a light-emitting panel
US6975068B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2005-12-13 Science Applications International Corporation Light-emitting panel and a method for making
US7005793B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2006-02-28 Science Applications International Corporation Socket for use with a micro-component in a light-emitting panel
US7025648B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2006-04-11 Science Applications International Corporation Liquid manufacturing processes for panel layer fabrication
US20060205311A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2006-09-14 Science Applications International Corporation Liquid manufacturing processes for panel layer fabrication
US7125305B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2006-10-24 Science Applications International Corporation Light-emitting panel and a method for making
US7137857B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2006-11-21 Science Applications International Corporation Method for manufacturing a light-emitting panel
US7140941B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2006-11-28 Science Applications International Corporation Liquid manufacturing processes for panel layer fabrication
US7288014B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2007-10-30 Science Applications International Corporation Design, fabrication, testing, and conditioning of micro-components for use in a light-emitting panel
US7789725B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2010-09-07 Science Applications International Corporation Manufacture of light-emitting panels provided with texturized micro-components
US8043137B2 (en) 2000-10-27 2011-10-25 Science Applications International Corporation Light-emitting panel and a method for making
US20050189164A1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-01 Chang Chi L. Speaker enclosure having outer flared tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5787048A (en) 1982-05-31
JPH0221093B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-05-11
EP0052376A2 (en) 1982-05-26
EP0052376A3 (en) 1983-02-23
EP0052376B1 (en) 1987-02-11
DE3175921D1 (en) 1987-03-19

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