US4639663A - Fly-back transformer with reduced ringing - Google Patents
Fly-back transformer with reduced ringing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4639663A US4639663A US06/821,054 US82105486A US4639663A US 4639663 A US4639663 A US 4639663A US 82105486 A US82105486 A US 82105486A US 4639663 A US4639663 A US 4639663A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- winding
- ringing
- fly
- primary winding
- back transformer
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000896 Manganin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/42—Flyback transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F5/00—Coils
- H01F5/02—Coils wound on non-magnetic supports, e.g. formers
- H01F2005/022—Coils wound on non-magnetic supports, e.g. formers wound on formers with several winding chambers separated by flanges, e.g. for high voltage applications
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fly-back transformer for use in the supply of a DC high voltage into a cathode-ray tube such as TV image receiving machine or the like, and more particularly, to a fly-back transformer, which is adapted to reduce higher harmonic ringing to be caused in the secondary winding during the scanning period of a horizontal deflecting circuit.
- FIG. 1 is an electric circuit diagram of a high-tension output circuit having a flay-back transformer connected with the horizontal deflecting circuit.
- a horizontal output transistor 1, a damper diode 2, a resonance capacitor 3, a horizontal deflecting coil 4, and an S-shape correcting capacitor 5 are disposed in the electronic circuit diagram.
- a fly-back transformer 6 has a primary winding 61 and a plurality of secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65 therein. Diodes 71, 72, 73 and 74 are alternately connected with the secondary windings.
- a high tension output terminal 81 and an earth terminal 82 are disposed in the fly-back transformer.
- such a fly-back transformer 6 as described hereinabove has the primary-winding-wound low-tension bobbin engaged with a closed magnetic path core composed of a pair of -shaped cores butted, further has a split type high-tension bobbin engaged therewith, the split type high-tension bobbin having many grooves with a plurality of secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65 alternately connected to the diodes 71, 72, 73 and 74 being wound into them. These windings are accommodated within an insulated case and are resin-molded.
- a shot-pulse 9 is caused during a fly-back period of a horizontal deflecting circuit, as shown in FIG. 2, in the secondary windings of the fly-back transformer constructed as described hereinabove, and the ringing 10 is caused during the scanning period.
- the ringing 10 is caused by a series resonance circuit made by the leakage inductance and the distributed capacity with respect to the primary winding 61 of the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65.
- the fly-back transformer is desired to be constructed to reduce the leakage inductance and the distributed capacity in order to make such ringing 10 smaller to prevent the picture-quality deterioration, there is a restriction point to such construction as described hereinabove. Accordingly, the electric characteristics was conventionally improved through the so-called high harmonic tuning of tuning the series resonance circuit of the leakage inductance and the distributed capacity with respect to the primary of the secondary windings to the odd times of the basic pulse frequency to be inputted to the primary winding.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a fly-back transformer, which is adapted to sufficiently reduce the ringing through extremely simple construction to improve the picture quality.
- an improved fly-back transformer wherein a primary winding and a secondary winding are provided, a ringing removing winding which is connected with the secondary winding through the distributed capacity with respect to the secondary winding to form a closed circuit of the ringing current together with the secondary winding is connected in parallel to the primary winding through the DC resistance component, the primary winding and the ringing removing winding satisfy a relation formula of 0.85 ⁇ M/L1 ⁇ 1, wherein L1 is the inductance of the primary winding, M is the mutual inductance between the primary winding and the ringing removing winding, the impedance between the primary winding and the secondary winding has a value larger with respect to the frequency of the ringing current than a value of the DC resistance component added to the impedance between the ringing removing winding and the secondary winding.
- FIG. 1 is a high-tension output circuit diagram including a fly-back transformer
- FIG. 2 is a chart of voltage waveform to be caused in the secondary winding for use in the description of the ringing;
- FIG. 3 is a high-tension output circuit diagram including a fly-back transformer in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic construction view of a transformer in the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic construction view of another modified example of the fly-back transformer in this embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic construction view of still another modified example of the fly-back transformer in this embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic curve chart for illustrating the characteristics of the series resonance frequency between the primary winding, with respect to the secondary windings in each of the fly-back transformers and the ringing removing winding;
- FIG. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram for describing the amount of the ringing current when the ringing current flows into the primary winding and the ringing removing winding;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic construction view of a fly-back transformer in a further embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 a high-tension output circuit diagram which includes a fly-back transformer.
- a horizontal output transistor 1, a damper diode 2, a resonance capacitor 3, a horizontal deflection coil 4, and a capacitor 5 for correcting S shape are shown in FIG. 3.
- the fly-back transformer 60 has a primary winding 61 and a plurality of secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65. Diodes 71, 72, 73 and 74 are alternately connected with the secondary windings.
- a high-tension output terminal 81 is connected with the anode of a cathode-ray tube, an earth terminal 82 is connected through an ABL circuit or in direct relation with the earth. It is to be noted that focusing voltage is drawn out from the side of the cathode of a predetermined diode, for example, the diode 71 if necessary.
- Such construction as described hereinabove is similar to that of FIG. 1.
- the embodiment of the present invention has characteristics in the following construction.
- the fly-back transformer 60 in this embodiment is provided with a series circuit of a ringing removing winding 111 and a resistance element 112 connected in parallel to the primary winding 61.
- the ringing removing winding 111 is also disposed opposite to the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65 to combine the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65 through the distributed capacity with respect to the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65 to form a closed circuit 11 of the ringing current I, together with a smoothing capacitor 30 of a DC power (+B) to be fed to the resistance element 112 and the primary winding 61.
- the primary winding 61 and the ringing removing winding 111 satisfies a relation formula of
- L1 is the inductance of the primary winding 61
- M is the mutual inductance between the primary winding 61 and the ringing removing winding 111.
- L2 is the inductance of the ringing removing winding 111
- R is the resistance value of the resistance element 112
- i1 and i2 are basic pulse currents by the basic pulses flowing into each of the windings 61 and 111
- k is the coupling coefficient of both windings 61 and 111 through mutual induction
- a power-supply voltage E(+B) is transiently given to those circuits.
- K is a value including E, R, t, k, L2.
- the impedance between the primary winding 61 and the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65 has a value larger with respect to the frequency of the ringing current than a value, which is the resistance value of the resistance element 112 added to the impedance between the ringing removing winding 111 and the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65.
- Most of the ringing current I is adapted to flow through the closed circuit including the ringing removing winding 111 and the resistance element 112 as shown in an arrow of FIG. 3 because of such impedance relation as described hereinabove.
- the ringing current I flows even into the primary winding 61.
- a ringing current flowing into the primary winding 61 is I'.
- the resistance value of the resistance element 112 is assumed to be 0.
- the primary winding 61 and the ringing removing winding 111 form a series of resonance circuit among the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65, the series resonance characteristics of the series resonance circuit become a curve 1 of FIG. 7.
- the series resonance frequence is f0.
- the frequency of the ringing currents I and I' becomes the series resonance frequency f0.
- the curve 2 is a series resonance characteristic curve among the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65 and the primary winding 61
- the curve 3 is a series resonance characteristic curve among the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65 and the ringing removing winding 111.
- the abscissa shows the frequency
- shows the series resonance impedance.
- the impedance on the curve 2 with respect to the series resonance frequency f0 of the curve 1 is
- the impedance on the curve 3 with respect to the series resonance frequency f0 of the curve 1 is
- An equivalent circuit of the ringing current loop is shown like FIG. 8, the size of the ringing current I' flowing into the primary winding 61 and the ringing current I flowing into the ringing removing winding 111 is determined by a ratio of
- the series resonance frequency f1 shown by the curve 2 is required to go in the left direction on, for example, FIG. 7 to get it far away from the series resonance frequency f0 of the curve 1
- the series resonance frequency f2 shown by the curve 3 is required to go in the right direction on, for example, FIG. 7 to get it close to the series resonance frequency f0 of the curve 1. Therefore, the impedance
- the ringing current does not flow much into the primary winding 61, but flows mainly into the ringing removing winding 111.
- the ringing current I which is adapted to flow into the ringing removing winding 111 is damped quickly by the resistance element 12, thus removing the above-described problems caused by the ringing 10.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective construction view of a fly-back transformer 60 in this embodiment.
- a closed magnetic circuit core 12 is composed of a pair of -shaped cores butted, a primary winding 61 is wound around the closed magnetic circuit core 12 through a low voltage bobbin (not shown), a ringing removing winding 111 is wound above the primary winding 61 in a given interval with respect to the primary winding, secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65 are secondary windings wound on the ringing removing winding 111 through a split-type high-tension bobbin (not shown), diodes 71, 72, 73 and 74 are alternately connected with the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65.
- the ringing removing winding 111 may be wound directly around the low-tension bobbin of the primary winding 61 (not shown) through an insulating spacer of given thickness or may be wound around the different bobbin from the low-tension bobbin.
- the fly-back transformer of such construction as described hereinabove is free from the conventional problems which are caused by the ringing, but the ringing removing winding 111 is required to be kept too away from the primary winding 61 to satisfy the given conditions which are necessary to make the ringing smaller. Therefore, the fly-back transformer becomes larger in size and the distances between the primary winding 61 and the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65 become farther so that the high-tension regulation becomes unfavorably worse.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic construction view of a fly-back transformer 60 in the preferable embodiment of the present invention.
- the fly-back transformer 60 of FIG. 5 is that the primary winding 61 and the ringing removing winding 111 are respectively wound in parallel around the same low-tension bobbin (not shown), to be located on the side of the secondary winding 65 which is the side of high potential, on the side of the secondary winding 62 which is the side of low potential.
- the secondary windings 62, 63 and the one portion of the secondary winding 64 which are opposite to the ringing removing winding 111 among the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65 satisfy the requirements of the present invention which are necessary to make the ringing smaller.
- One portion of the secondary winding 64 and the secondary winding 65 which are not opposite to the ringing removing winding 111 do not satisfy the requirements of the present invention for making the ringing smaller. Accordingly, the ringing becomes smaller in at least the secondary windings 62, 63, but the ringing does not become smaller in the secondary winding 65.
- the ringing is large in the secondary winding 62 connected with an earth potential and the secondary winding close to it, from among the respective secondary windings, the ringing is originally not large in the secondary windings except for the above-described windings.
- the entire flyback transformer is influenced by windings of large ringing such as secondary winding 62, etc. Accordingly, the windings of the large ringing such as secondary winding 62, etc. are made smaller in ringing so that the ringing becomes considerably smaller in the entire fly-back transformer.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic construction view showing a fly-back transformer in a further preferable embodiment of the present invention.
- the fly-back transformer 60 of FIG. 6 is that the primary winding 61 is wound around the low-tension bobbin as the ringing removing winding 111 is wound around it as shown in FIG. 5, and one portion 620 of the secondary winding 62 is located between the primary winding 61, the ringing removing winding 111 and the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65. Because of this construction, the combination with the primary winding 61 of the secondary winding 62 becomes larger so that the ringing may be made smaller than the fly-back transformer of FIG. 5.
- the winding width of the secondary winding 62 is made longer as in FIG. 6 so that the distributed capacity between the side of the wind-beginning end of the secondary winding 62 and the side of the wind-beginning end of the ringing removing winding 111 may be reduced, and the ringing current flowing into the ringing removing winding 111 may be efficiently flowed into a resistance element 112. The same thing can be said about the cases of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.
- the winding width of the secondary winding 62 is required to be made longer in the axial direction of the bobbin.
- the critical damping resistance value Rs of the resistance 112 connected with the ringing removing winding 111 is proportional to the square root of the leakage inductance, but is inversely proportional to the square root value of the distributed capacity.
- the critical damping resistance value Rs is desired to become as small as possible because the high-tension regulation becomes worse, if it becomes larger, to lose the significance of having the ringing removing winding 111 disposed. Accordingly, in order to make the critical damping resistance value Rs smaller, the leakage inductance is required to be rendered smaller or the distributed capacity is required to be rendered larger.
- the winding width of the portion of 62 among the secondary windings 62, 63, 64 and 65 is made longer as described hereinabove to render the leakage inductance smaller, and the distributed capacity is made larger to render the critical damping resistance value Rs smaller.
- the resistance element 112 was made the lower end of the ringing removing winding 111 in the above-described embodiment, it is not necessarily required to be limited to this position and may be located in the middle position of the ringing removing winding 111 if only it is located in a position where the ringing current may be sufficiently damped. Even in any of these cases, the resistance element 112 is required to be mounted on the bobbin around which the ringing removing winding 111 is to be wound. Also, in the above-described embodiment, a resistance element 112 as an individual part was connected with the ringing removing winding 111.
- the ringing removing winding 111 without provision of the resistance element 112 may be composed of resistance wire wound such as manganin wire, nichrome wire, Cu-Ni alloy or the like so that the ringing current may be damped by this resistance wire.
- the ringing removing winding 111 may be made of the resistance wire.
- the side of the secondary winding in the above-described embodiment may have a diode connected onto the side of the earth terminal of, for example, the secondary winding 62. It can also be so arranged that the diode 74 on the side of the high-tension output terminal of the secondary winding 65 is eliminated. Or the secondary winding may be one in number without being divided into plurality by the diode.
- the fly-back transformer of the present invention may be of course applied even in not only the construction wherein such secondary winding and diode as in the above-described embodiment are adapted to be alternately disposed in the axial direction of the bobbin when the side of the secondary winding is composed of a plurality of diodes, but also the construction wherein a plurality of secondary windings are sequentially piled up in the diametral direction.
- FIG. 9 shows a fly-back transformer, wherein a plurality of secondary windings like this are piled up in the diametral direction.
- the ringing removing wire which is connected with the secondary winding through the distributed capacity with respect to the secondary winding to form a closed circuit of the ringing current together with the secondary winding is connected in parallel to the primary winding through the DC resistance component, so that the ringing may be damped by the closed circuit.
- the primary winding and the ringing removing winding satisfies a relation formula of 0.85 ⁇ m/L1 ⁇ 1, wherein L1 is the inductance of the primary winding, M is the mutual inductance between the primary winding and the ringing removing winding.
- the ringing current is adapted to flow on the side of the ringing removing winding so that the ringing current which is made to flow on the side of the ringing removing winding is effectively damped by the DC resistance component.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Details Of Television Scanning (AREA)
- Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60011560A JPS61170008A (ja) | 1985-01-23 | 1985-01-23 | フライバックトランス |
JP60-11560 | 1985-01-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4639663A true US4639663A (en) | 1987-01-27 |
Family
ID=11781318
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/821,054 Expired - Lifetime US4639663A (en) | 1985-01-23 | 1986-01-21 | Fly-back transformer with reduced ringing |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4639663A (de) |
JP (1) | JPS61170008A (de) |
KR (1) | KR900002306B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3602005A1 (de) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4823248A (en) * | 1987-04-07 | 1989-04-18 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | High voltage generator |
US4972292A (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1990-11-20 | Spectra Physics, Inc. | Inductor with centertap switching transistor for reduced radio frequency emissions |
US5036292A (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 1991-07-30 | Audio Research Corporation | Decoupled electrolytic capacitor |
US5060128A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1991-10-22 | Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. | Flyback power supply |
US5093613A (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1992-03-03 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Transformer |
US5146394A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1992-09-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fly back converter switching power supply device |
US5828557A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1998-10-27 | Hitachi Media Electronics Co., Ltd. | Flyback transformer |
US6087822A (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-07-11 | Ir.Buro Vanderveen | Power transformer with internal differential mode distortion cancellation |
US20070047266A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Tdk Corporation | Switching power supply unit |
CN103763820A (zh) * | 2014-01-02 | 2014-04-30 | 常熟银海集成电路有限公司 | 隔离式led驱动电路的负载采样电路 |
DE102017003128A1 (de) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | Hitachi Automotive Systems Europe Gmbh | Hochspannungs-Transformator und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4774584A (en) * | 1985-12-21 | 1988-09-27 | Blaupunkt-Werke Gmbh | High-voltage power supply for a picture tube |
JPH0634578B2 (ja) * | 1986-09-20 | 1994-05-02 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 高電圧発生装置 |
JPS63253874A (ja) * | 1987-04-07 | 1988-10-20 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 高電圧発生装置 |
DE19510678A1 (de) * | 1995-03-27 | 1996-10-02 | Thomson Brandt Gmbh | Hochspannungstransformator für einen Fernsehempfänger |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4073003A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1978-02-07 | Raytheon Company | High efficiency low-loss power supply |
US4227143A (en) * | 1977-11-29 | 1980-10-07 | U.S. Philips Corporation | High-voltage transformer |
US4355353A (en) * | 1981-01-05 | 1982-10-19 | Gould Advance Limited | Power supply apparatus |
US4466051A (en) * | 1982-10-25 | 1984-08-14 | Rca Corporation | Regulated power supply incorporating a power transformer having a tightly coupled supplemental power transfer winding |
US4524411A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1985-06-18 | Rca Corporation | Regulated power supply circuit |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1777869U (de) * | 1958-07-03 | 1958-11-20 | Loewe Opta Ag | Ausgangstransformator fuer fernsehempfaenger. |
-
1985
- 1985-01-23 JP JP60011560A patent/JPS61170008A/ja active Granted
-
1986
- 1986-01-21 US US06/821,054 patent/US4639663A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-01-22 KR KR1019860000399A patent/KR900002306B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-23 DE DE19863602005 patent/DE3602005A1/de active Granted
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4073003A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1978-02-07 | Raytheon Company | High efficiency low-loss power supply |
US4227143A (en) * | 1977-11-29 | 1980-10-07 | U.S. Philips Corporation | High-voltage transformer |
US4355353A (en) * | 1981-01-05 | 1982-10-19 | Gould Advance Limited | Power supply apparatus |
US4524411A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1985-06-18 | Rca Corporation | Regulated power supply circuit |
US4466051A (en) * | 1982-10-25 | 1984-08-14 | Rca Corporation | Regulated power supply incorporating a power transformer having a tightly coupled supplemental power transfer winding |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4823248A (en) * | 1987-04-07 | 1989-04-18 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | High voltage generator |
US5093613A (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1992-03-03 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Transformer |
US4972292A (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1990-11-20 | Spectra Physics, Inc. | Inductor with centertap switching transistor for reduced radio frequency emissions |
US5060128A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1991-10-22 | Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. | Flyback power supply |
US5146394A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1992-09-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fly back converter switching power supply device |
US5036292A (en) * | 1990-02-16 | 1991-07-30 | Audio Research Corporation | Decoupled electrolytic capacitor |
US5828557A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1998-10-27 | Hitachi Media Electronics Co., Ltd. | Flyback transformer |
US6087822A (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-07-11 | Ir.Buro Vanderveen | Power transformer with internal differential mode distortion cancellation |
US20070047266A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Tdk Corporation | Switching power supply unit |
US7542316B2 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2009-06-02 | Tdk Corporation | Switching power supply unit |
CN103763820A (zh) * | 2014-01-02 | 2014-04-30 | 常熟银海集成电路有限公司 | 隔离式led驱动电路的负载采样电路 |
CN103763820B (zh) * | 2014-01-02 | 2015-08-05 | 常熟银海集成电路有限公司 | 隔离式led驱动电路的负载采样电路 |
DE102017003128A1 (de) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | Hitachi Automotive Systems Europe Gmbh | Hochspannungs-Transformator und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3602005A1 (de) | 1986-07-24 |
KR860006177A (ko) | 1986-08-28 |
JPH0374491B2 (de) | 1991-11-27 |
KR900002306B1 (ko) | 1990-04-10 |
DE3602005C2 (de) | 1987-07-30 |
JPS61170008A (ja) | 1986-07-31 |
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