US4591512A - Method of making light polarizer - Google Patents

Method of making light polarizer Download PDF

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Publication number
US4591512A
US4591512A US06/694,921 US69492185A US4591512A US 4591512 A US4591512 A US 4591512A US 69492185 A US69492185 A US 69492185A US 4591512 A US4591512 A US 4591512A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
film
polarizer
polyvinyl alcohol
stretched
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/694,921
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James L. Racich
Norman W. Schuler
Giorgio B. Trapani
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Polaroid Corp
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Priority to US06/694,921 priority Critical patent/US4591512A/en
Assigned to POLAROID CORPORATION reassignment POLAROID CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: RACICH, JAMES L., SCHULER, NORMAN W., TRAPANI, GIORGIO B.
Priority to JP61012951A priority patent/JPS61175602A/ja
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Publication of US4591512A publication Critical patent/US4591512A/en
Assigned to 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY reassignment 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: POLAROID CORPORATION
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/02—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to macromolecular substances, e.g. rubber
    • B05D7/04—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to macromolecular substances, e.g. rubber to surfaces of films or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means

Definitions

  • the application is directed to high efficiency visible range dichroic polarizer elements and to a method for making the polarizer material.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,166,871 discloses iodine-stained borated polyvinyl alcohol light polarizing elements in which zinc ions are incorporated. These light polarizing elements are highly efficient; they exhibit high absorbance across the visible spectrum when in the crossed position and good transmittance across the visible spectrum when arranged in the parallel position. However, as increasing demands are placed on the performance of such polarizer elements attempts to improve their properties continue to be made.
  • the polarizer elements when used in applications such as goggles worn to protect the wearer's eyes against flashblindness from exposure to sudden bursts of extremely bright visible radiation it is desirable that the polarizer elements have extinction properties which are as high as possible while at the same time providing a transmissive state which is as high as possible so as not to interfere with normal vision.
  • the prior art polarizer elements exhibit a transmittance-extinction tradeoff. The most direct way to obtain higher extinction is to increase the concentration of the dichromophore. Unfortunately, as is well known to those skilled in the art, an increase in the dichromophore concentration unavoidably results in a lower photopic transmittance level.
  • the present invention is directed to visible range light polarizing elements which exhibit higher transmissivity for a given extinction level, i.e., elements which exhibit higher extinction without compromising on high transmissivity and to a method for making the polarizer material.
  • polarizer elements which have very high extinction levels and high transmissivity.
  • High efficiency dichroic polarizers are subject to theoretical limitations. A perfect dichroic polarizer will completely transmit one-half of the incident unpolarized light and completely absorb the other half. When reflection losses at the two surfaces (due to the index of refraction mismatch between the polarizer material and air) are included, the maximum transmittance for unpolarized light of a perfect dichroic polarizer in air is approximately 46%.
  • polarizer elements according to the invention can be made which have very high extinction and an unpolarized transmittance of 41-42%, thus providing a significant advance in the art.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a preferred apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical illustration showing the transmittance vs wavelength curves (parallel pair) for a dichroic polarizer according to the invention and two prior art elements;
  • FIG. 3 is a graphical illustration showing the transmittance vs wavelength curves (crossed pair) for the polarizer elements.
  • a sheet of polyvinyl alcohol can be uniaxially stretched by techniques which are known in the art.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol material used according to the invention is typically from about 0.038 to about 0.051 mm in thickness and preferably about 0.046 mm thick.
  • the sheet is initially stretched uniaxially to between about 2.5 to about 4 times its normal dimension, preferably about 3.6 times, in an hot air oven at a temperature of about 125° C.
  • An initially 0.046 mm thick, 940 mm wide, polyvinyl alcohol sheet stretched to approximately 3.6 times its normal dimension obtains a thickness of about 0.025 mm and a width of about 533 mm.
  • an approximately 254 mm wide strip is taken from the center of the sheet and used in further processing.
  • the stretched polyvinyl alcohol sheet desirably should be free of splices, breaks and wrinkles and therefore it is preferred, prior to rewinding the stretched sheet to laminate it to a carrier material, for example an approximately 0.127 mm thick cellulose triacetate film which is subsequently removed prior to further processing.
  • a carrier material for example an approximately 0.127 mm thick cellulose triacetate film which is subsequently removed prior to further processing.
  • FIG. 1 there is seen a roll 10 of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-cellulose triacetate laminate.
  • the laminate is advanced through a pair of driven nip rolls, 12 and 14, and the cellulose triacetate film is removed and collected in container 16.
  • the stretched polyvinyl alcohol sheet is then advanced over fixed bow roll 18 and enters the iodine stain bath in tank 20.
  • the composition of the iodine stain bath is preferably iodine, potassium iodide and water, preferably in a ratio of 1/237/3727 by weight.
  • the bath is maintained at temperature of about 30° C. ⁇ 2° and is gently recirculated by heating and recirculating means (not shown).
  • the polyvinyl alcohol sheet is immersed in the iodine stain bath.
  • the rate of travel through the bath and the residence time therein are selected so as to permit the polyvinyl alcohol to become swollen substantially throughout its thickness and to permit the stain to penetrate into the sheet to a substantial extent from both surfaces.
  • the stain will penetrate about one-third of the sheet thickness from each surface.
  • the sheet is made to travel through the ink bath at constant speed. In the arrangement illustrated, at a speed of about 0.3 meter/min any point on the polyvinyl alcohol sheet typically remains in the bath for about 5.4 minutes and at a speed of about 1 meter/min the immersion time is about 2.3 minutes.
  • the stretched polyvinyl alcohol sheet is relaxed, in the uniaxially stretched direction, typically by about 5 to about 15%, preferably about 7%, while it is immersed in the iodine bath.
  • the sheet is relaxed by causing it to be stretched uniaxially less than was initially the case. This can be done by releasing some of the force holding the sheet in its stretched condition to induce a slack in the stretched direction prior to immersion in the iodine stain bath and subsequently causing the sheet to become taut again while it is in the bath.
  • a polyvinyl alcohol film which has been uniaxially stretched approximately 3.6 times its normal dimension to a length of about 368 mm and placed in an adjustable clamp. When the clamp is retracted about 25 mm an approximtely 25 mm slack is induced in the film. The clamped film is then immersed in the iodine stain bath and allowed to remain therein until the film is taut again. With this procedure the film will have been relaxed by about 6.9%.
  • variable bow spreader roll 26 which has a large wrap angle, for example, about 200° and a high degree of bow, for example about 3.3°, and free-wheeling idler rolls 28, 30 and 32 before exiting from the bath and passing over variable bow spreader roll 34 which has a degree of bow of 2.6°, for example.
  • Spreader rolls 18, 26 and 34 are rubber covered rolls and serve to prevent wrinkling of the sheet. It will be appreciated that variable bow rolls 26 and 34 would have differing angles of bow depending upon the line speed at which the sheet enters and leaves the iodine stain bath.
  • an initially 254 mm wide stretched polyvinyl alcohol sheet will obtain an approximately 7% increase in width as a result of the swelling effect of the bath and the spreading effect of the spreader rolls.
  • the stained polyvinyl alcohol sheet is then passed through driven nip rolls 36 and 38 which maintain the web speed and squeeze excess ink from the sheet.
  • the stained sheet is then passed through a borating solution containing a zinc salt in tank 40.
  • the borating solution may comprise potassium iodide, boric acid, zinc chloride and water, preferably in a ratio of 1.02/1.25/1.0/26.49, by weight.
  • the sheet is again stretched, while it is immersed in the borating solution, typically by about 30% to about 100% of its dimension prior to entering the solution, dependent in part upon the extent of the initial stretching. Where the sheet was initially stretched about 3.6 times its normal dimension, it is typically stretched by about 35% to about 50%, preferably about 40%, of its dimension prior to entering the solution. The stretching is carried out in substantially the same direction, for example, within about ⁇ 3°, in which the sheet was initially stretched.
  • the borating solution is maintained at an elevated temperature, for example, from about 55° C. to about 66° C., dependent in part upon the extent to which it is desired to stretch the sheet at this point. Higher temperatures are required for higher degrees of stretching.
  • the extent of the stretching applied in the borating solution in any particular instance is dependent upon the extent of the initial stretching and the properties desired in the final polarizer material. Generally, it is preferable to make a polarizer material which is stretched in total from about 5 to about 51/2 times the initial dimension of the polyvinyl alcohol sheet. Generally speaking, polarizer material having optimal polarizing properties is made by stretching the sheet as much as possible without breaking it.
  • the stained sheet travels around fixed bow, rubber covered roll 42 and enters the borating solution.
  • the entrance nip, formed by rolls 36 and 38, and the exit nip, formed by driven nip rolls 44 and 46, are set for the desired surface speed increase, e.g. about 40-45%.
  • Tracking rolls 48 and 50 are geared pairwise as are tracking rolls 52 and 54 and sized so as to constrain the web to stretch.
  • Roll 50 has a larger diameter than roll 48 and roll 52 has a larger diameter than roll 54.
  • Roll 56 is a free-wheeling idler roll.
  • the borating solution is gently recirculated by recirculating means (not shown).
  • the width of the sheet leaving the solution is about 70% of that entering it.
  • the borating solution typically permeates the entire thickness of the sheet.
  • the borating solution preheated to from about 49° C. to about 52° C. when the web is threaded through the solution and to raise the temperature to the desired level as the web continuously moves through the solution.
  • the solution is maintained in the range of from about 55° C. to about 66° C.
  • the temperature of the borating solution should be closely controlled near the desired level, e.g., within ⁇ 1° C. Lower than desired temperatures can result in less than the desired degree of stretching and consequent lesser polarizer efficiency. A higher temperature can induce instabilities in the method such as excessive slack in the web, propensity for breakage of the web or both.
  • a cast polyvinyl alcohol film (cast from Shin-Etsu Co. Type C-20 polyvinylalcohol), uniaxially stretched approximately 3.6 times its normal dimension in one direction and having a thickness of about 0.0254 mm ⁇ 0.00254 mm with a length of about 368 mm and a width of about 432 mm was mounted in an adjustable clamp. The clamp was then retracted about 25 mm to induce a slack lengthwise in the film. The clamped film was then immersed for 200 seconds in an iodine stain bath at 28° C. during which time the film relaxed, that is, became taut again. The bath comprised iodine, potassium iodide and water in a weight ratio of 1/237/4920.
  • the clamped film was removed from the bath, allowed to drain for at least 30 seconds and then immersed in a borating solution comprising potassium iodide, boric acid, zinc chloride and water in a weight ratio of 1.02/1.25/1.0/26.49 at a temperature of about 63° C.
  • a borating solution comprising potassium iodide, boric acid, zinc chloride and water in a weight ratio of 1.02/1.25/1.0/26.49 at a temperature of about 63° C.
  • the film while still in the bath, was stretched lengthwise to a distance of 483 mm, which represented a stretching of about 41%, over a period of 11/2 minutes.
  • the width of the film decreased to about 343 mm.
  • the film was then removed from the borating solution and allowed to drain for 5 seconds. Within 15 seconds of removal of the film from the solution both film surfaces were wiped with damp, water-wet cheese cloth wipers for about 1 minute followed by dry wiping for 2 minutes with dry tissues. The dried film was left in the clamp for a period of 2-4 minutes longer and then slit from the clamp, interleaved with paper and stored at 21° C.-24° C. and 40%-50% relative humidity.
  • Polarizer A is Polaroid Corp. HN-38S polarizer material and Polarizer B is Polaroid Corp. HN-42 polarizer material.
  • polarizer C is comparable in extinction properties (crossed pair) to polarizer A but has much better transmittance (parallel pair). Further polarizer C material is more neutral in color than the prior art material (an ideally neutral polarizer material exhibits near zero percent purity). The data further show that polarizer C and polarizer B have comparable transmittance properties (parallel pair) but the former has much better extinction properties (crossed pair).
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical illustration showing the transmittance vs wavelength curves (parallel pair) for polarizers A, B and C.
  • FIG. 3 is a graphical illustration showing the transmittance vs wavelength curves (crossed pair) for these polarizers. It can be seen that the polarizer of the invention has significantly better overall properties than either of the prior art polarizers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
US06/694,921 1985-01-25 1985-01-25 Method of making light polarizer Expired - Lifetime US4591512A (en)

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US06/694,921 US4591512A (en) 1985-01-25 1985-01-25 Method of making light polarizer
JP61012951A JPS61175602A (ja) 1985-01-25 1986-01-23 偏光子およびその製法

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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4818624A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-04-04 Polaroid Corporation, Patent Department Stabilized light-polarizing material
US4992218A (en) * 1987-06-12 1991-02-12 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. Process for producing a polarizing film
EP0478695A1 (en) * 1989-06-23 1992-04-08 Rochester Medical Devices, Inc. Self-healing rubber article and method
WO2001086343A2 (en) * 2000-05-11 2001-11-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Absorbing polarizer and color-compensated information displays using the same
EP1251370A1 (en) * 2000-01-27 2002-10-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Sheet polarizer on which light-scattering polarizing element and light-absorption polarizing element are provided in multiyear
WO2002093214A2 (en) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Color-compensated information displays
US20030030906A1 (en) * 2001-05-10 2003-02-13 Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited And Okura Industrial Co., Ltd. Polarizing plate and method for producing the same`
US20030063236A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Non-inverting transflective assembly
US20030090012A1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2003-05-15 Allen Richard Charles Methods of making polarization rotators and articles containing the polarization rotators
US20030174399A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2003-09-18 Nitto Denko Corporation Process of producing a polarizer, polarizer, polarizing plate, and visual display
US20030197939A1 (en) * 2000-12-19 2003-10-23 Kazuki Tsuchimoto Polarizing film and process for producing it, polarizing plate, and optical element
US20030215583A1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2003-11-20 Eastman Kodak Company Sulfone films prepared by coating methods
US20030215582A1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2003-11-20 Eastman Kodak Company Optical films prepared by coating methods
US20030215581A1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2003-11-20 Eastman Kodak Company Polycarbonate films prepared by coating methods
US20030215658A1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2003-11-20 Eastman Kodak Company Polyvinyl alcohol films prepared by coating methods
US20040056380A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-03-25 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for orienting an optical polymer film, and tenter apparatus for the same
US20040089960A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-13 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Process for producing polarizing film
US20040156105A1 (en) * 2003-02-12 2004-08-12 Trapani Giorgio B. Light polarizing film
US7012746B2 (en) 2002-05-20 2006-03-14 Eastman Kodak Company Polyvinyl butyral films prepared by coating methods
US20060103781A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-05-18 Yue-Shih Jeng Multi-function integrated polarizer/optical film structure and manufacturing method thereof
US7048823B2 (en) 2002-05-20 2006-05-23 Eastman Kodak Company Acrylic films prepared by coating methods
US7083752B2 (en) 2002-05-20 2006-08-01 Eastman Kodak Company Cellulose acetate films prepared by coating methods
US20060176422A1 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 Yue-Shih Jeng Brightness-enhancing integral polarizer and optical film structure and a manufacturing method thereof
US20070035681A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2007-02-15 Masaru Okada Polarizing film, polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device
US20070207277A1 (en) * 2003-09-29 2007-09-06 Nitto Denko Corporation Method for Producing Polarizing Film, Polarizing Film, and Image Display Using the Polarizing Film
CN100337134C (zh) * 2001-10-03 2007-09-12 日东电工株式会社 偏振片的制造方法和具有偏振片的液晶显示器
KR100785676B1 (ko) 2005-06-20 2007-12-14 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 광학 필름 제조 방법, 및 그 제조 장치
US20080266492A1 (en) * 2007-04-30 2008-10-30 Taiwan Tft Lcd Association Light emitting optical film and manufacture method thereof and liquid crystal display device
US9703025B2 (en) 2013-11-29 2017-07-11 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Polarizer and polarizing plate including same
US9709719B2 (en) 2013-11-29 2017-07-18 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Polarizer and polarizing plate including same
US9733405B2 (en) 2013-11-29 2017-08-15 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Polarizer and polarizing plate including same

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JP2524987B2 (ja) * 1986-12-19 1996-08-14 株式会社クラレ 偏光膜の製造方法
JPH02244006A (ja) * 1989-03-17 1990-09-28 Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd 位相差フィルム及びその製造法
JP2512408B2 (ja) * 1990-12-13 1996-07-03 日本合成化学工業株式会社 偏光性の優れた偏光フイルムの製造法
JPH0894834A (ja) * 1994-09-26 1996-04-12 Nippon Synthetic Chem Ind Co Ltd:The 偏光子
JPH09243823A (ja) * 1996-03-07 1997-09-19 Nippon Synthetic Chem Ind Co Ltd:The 偏光フィルムの製造方法
JPH10111507A (ja) * 1996-10-04 1998-04-28 Nippon Synthetic Chem Ind Co Ltd:The 液晶表示装置
JP3269002B2 (ja) * 1997-04-16 2002-03-25 日本合成化学工業株式会社 偏光フィルムの製造法
JP2004020635A (ja) * 2002-06-12 2004-01-22 Kuraray Co Ltd 光学用ポリビニルアルコールフィルムの製造法
US7651643B2 (en) 2003-04-21 2010-01-26 Nitto Denko Corporation Polarizer, method for producing same, polarizing plate, optical film, and image display
JP4516391B2 (ja) * 2003-09-29 2010-08-04 日東電工株式会社 偏光フィルムの製造方法および偏光フィルムの製造装置

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JPS58107505A (ja) * 1981-12-22 1983-06-27 Seiko Epson Corp 偏光膜の製造方法

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Cited By (61)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4818624A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-04-04 Polaroid Corporation, Patent Department Stabilized light-polarizing material
US4992218A (en) * 1987-06-12 1991-02-12 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. Process for producing a polarizing film
EP0478695A1 (en) * 1989-06-23 1992-04-08 Rochester Medical Devices, Inc. Self-healing rubber article and method
EP0478695A4 (en) * 1989-06-23 1994-11-23 Rochester Medical Devices Inc Self-healing rubber article and method
EP1251370A1 (en) * 2000-01-27 2002-10-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Sheet polarizer on which light-scattering polarizing element and light-absorption polarizing element are provided in multiyear
EP1251370A4 (en) * 2000-01-27 2003-09-03 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd SHEET POLARIZER PROVIDED WITH MULTIPLE POLARIZING ELEMENT LAYERS WITH LIGHT DIFFUSION AND POLARIZING ELEMENT WITH LIGHT ABSORPTION
WO2001086343A2 (en) * 2000-05-11 2001-11-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Absorbing polarizer and color-compensated information displays using the same
WO2001086343A3 (en) * 2000-05-11 2002-07-04 3M Innovative Properties Co Absorbing polarizer and color-compensated information displays using the same
US6624936B2 (en) 2000-05-11 2003-09-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Color-compensated information displays
KR100763060B1 (ko) * 2000-05-11 2007-10-02 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 캄파니 흡수형 편광판 및 이를 이용한 컬러보정 정보 디스플레이장치
US6833090B2 (en) * 2000-12-19 2004-12-21 Nitto Denko Corporation Process for making a polarizing film
US20030197939A1 (en) * 2000-12-19 2003-10-23 Kazuki Tsuchimoto Polarizing film and process for producing it, polarizing plate, and optical element
WO2002093214A2 (en) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Color-compensated information displays
US20030030906A1 (en) * 2001-05-10 2003-02-13 Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited And Okura Industrial Co., Ltd. Polarizing plate and method for producing the same`
CN100381841C (zh) * 2001-05-10 2008-04-16 住友化学株式会社 起偏振片及其生产方法
WO2002093214A3 (en) * 2001-05-10 2003-05-22 3M Innovative Properties Co Color-compensated information displays
US7136225B2 (en) 2001-05-10 2006-11-14 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Polarizing plate and method for producing the same
US20030090012A1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2003-05-15 Allen Richard Charles Methods of making polarization rotators and articles containing the polarization rotators
US20070252926A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2007-11-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Reflective polarizer assembly
US7084938B2 (en) 2001-10-01 2006-08-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Non-inverting transflective assembly
US20030063236A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Non-inverting transflective assembly
US7245431B2 (en) 2001-10-01 2007-07-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Reflective polarizer assembly
US20050073745A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2005-04-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Non-inverting transflective assembly
US20060244882A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2006-11-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Reflective polarizer assembly
US6985291B2 (en) 2001-10-01 2006-01-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Non-inverting transflective assembly
CN100337134C (zh) * 2001-10-03 2007-09-12 日东电工株式会社 偏振片的制造方法和具有偏振片的液晶显示器
US20030174399A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2003-09-18 Nitto Denko Corporation Process of producing a polarizer, polarizer, polarizing plate, and visual display
US6813078B2 (en) 2002-03-18 2004-11-02 Nitto Denko Corporation Process of producing a polarizer, polarizer, polarizing plate, and visual display
US20030215582A1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2003-11-20 Eastman Kodak Company Optical films prepared by coating methods
US20030215583A1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2003-11-20 Eastman Kodak Company Sulfone films prepared by coating methods
US7048823B2 (en) 2002-05-20 2006-05-23 Eastman Kodak Company Acrylic films prepared by coating methods
US20060127608A1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2006-06-15 Bermel Marcus S Sulfone films prepared by coating methods
US7686987B2 (en) 2002-05-20 2010-03-30 Eastman Kodak Company Polycarbonate films prepared by coating methods
US7083752B2 (en) 2002-05-20 2006-08-01 Eastman Kodak Company Cellulose acetate films prepared by coating methods
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JPH0234001B2 (ja) 1990-08-01

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