US4560511A - Method of producing shikonin - Google Patents

Method of producing shikonin Download PDF

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US4560511A
US4560511A US06/593,135 US59313584A US4560511A US 4560511 A US4560511 A US 4560511A US 59313584 A US59313584 A US 59313584A US 4560511 A US4560511 A US 4560511A
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shikonin
formula
compound
parts
naphthoquinone
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Akira Terada
Yasuhiro Tanoue
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Kyushu Institute of Technology NUC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C46/00—Preparation of quinones

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  • This invention relates to a method of producing shikonin.
  • Purple shikonin is a foundamental member of the purple pigments, which is extracted from violet root (Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Japanese name "Shikon") since the old ancient times in the orient. It is not only famous as a "Shikonzome” (shikon-dyed cloth) as included in the treasure of the Shosoin, a Japanese ancient temple, but also is applauded as an ointment for tumor, scald, hemorrhoids and the like owing to its antipyretic and alexipharmic actions. Shikonin is originally known as a famous Chinese medicine as described in a botany of Honzokomoku from old times.
  • shikonin is effective as an antibacterial substance. Recently, shikonin has also been found to be effective as an anticancer agent.
  • Shikonin is very low in toxicity and is easily used in the coloration of wines. However, due to its scarcity in Japan, it has to be imported. It is regretable that this compound has not been successfully synthesized up to now.
  • shikonin is produced by dehydrating 2-(1'-acetoxy-4'-hydroxy-4'-methylpentyl)-5,8-diacetoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, treating the resulting product with an alkali hydroxide, and acidifying the thus treated product.
  • FIG. 1 is an infrared absorbtion spectrum of a synthesized shikonin racemic compound and natural shikonin.
  • Shikonin has a chemical structure of absolute configuration represented by the following formula (1): ##STR2##
  • a compound having an OH group oppositely positioned at ⁇ -position of the side chain alkenyl group is alkannin as an optical antipode of shikonin.
  • Alkannin is a reddish brown coloring matter extracted from roots of Alkanna tinctoria is Europe and is also used in purple-dying.
  • the invention is directed to a method for chemically synthesizing shikonin.
  • the method produces a mixture of shikonin (+) and alkannin (-) with a ratio (%) of 50:50, that is, as a racemic compound.
  • 2-(1'-Acetoxy-4'-hydroxy-4'-methylpentyl)-5,8-diacetoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone is easily synthesized by starting from 2-formyl-1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene, which was previously produced as a novel compound by the inventors, through four steps.
  • the compound of the formula (3) is reacted with a dehydrating agent such as phosphorus pentoxide, thionyl chloride or the like to obtain a mixture of 2-(1'-acetoxy-4'-methyl-3'-pentenyl)-5,8-diacetoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone [structural formula (4)] and 2-(1'-acetoxy-4'-methyl-4'-pentenyl)-5,8-diacetoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone [structural formula (5)].
  • the yield of the compound of the formula (4) is advantageously 3 times or more than that of the compound of the formula (5).
  • This product was separated by a silica gel chromatography to give 93 parts of compound of the formulae (4) and (5) at a ratio of 3:1 in a yield of 46%.
  • the identification was made through the fact that the compound of the formula (4) has an absorption assigned to a hydrogen of a trisubstituted olefin at 5.07 ppm by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, while the compound of the formula (5) has an absorption assigned to a hydrogen of a vinylidene group at 4.69 ppm by NMR analysis and an adsorption of 890 cm -1 assigned to vinylidene by infrared spectroscopic analysis.
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • Example 1 or 2 To 63 parts of the compound of the formula (4) obtained in Example 1 or 2 was added 5,000 parts of N-sodium hydroxide and the resulting solution was stirred in a water bath for 3 hours. After filtration, the resulting filtrate was gradually added with glacial acetic acid, while being cooled in an ice bath, until the color of the filtrate changed from dark blue (purple) to red. After the extraction with methylene chloride, the resulting extract was subjected to the similar work-up and then condensed to obtain 25 parts of a crude product of the formula (6).
  • the crude product was dissolved into chloroform, which was separated by a chromatography of a silica gel column to obtain 16 parts of reddish brown pure crystals of the shikonin racemic compound of the formula (6).
  • the resulting racemic compound had a melting point of 146°-148° C. (authentic value: 148° C.) and elementary analytical values of C: 66.34% and H: 5.60% (calculated values as C 16 H 16 O 5 , C: 66.66%, H: 5.59%).
  • All analytical data of the racemic body by NMR, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopics, mass spectrum and the like are well in conformity with those of natural shikonin.
  • the result of the infrared spectroscopic analysis is shown in FIG.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US06/593,135 1983-03-26 1984-03-26 Method of producing shikonin Expired - Lifetime US4560511A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58-50801 1983-03-26
JP58050801A JPS59175449A (ja) 1983-03-26 1983-03-26 シコニンの製造法

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US4560511A true US4560511A (en) 1985-12-24

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997003940A1 (en) * 1995-07-24 1997-02-06 Kuhnil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Novel 6-substituted-5,8-dioxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives
JP2004534854A (ja) * 2001-07-16 2004-11-18 ザ・ユニバーシティ・コート・オブ・ザ・ユニバーシティ・オブ・アバディーン アルツハイマーおよび関連する神経変性障害の処置のためのタウ凝集阻害剤としてのナフトキノン誘導体
CN102211997A (zh) * 2011-03-28 2011-10-12 上海交通大学 紫草素萘茜母核氧乙酰化衍生物及其制备方法、用途
RU2657548C1 (ru) * 2017-07-06 2018-06-14 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО ДВГМУ Минздрава России) Гель с нафтохиноновым комплексом биологически активных веществ воробейника краснокорневого
CN111808460A (zh) * 2020-06-12 2020-10-23 厦门大学 紫草素或其衍生物作为防止大型污损生物附着的防污剂的用途

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63156741A (ja) * 1986-12-19 1988-06-29 Piasuaraizu Kk シコニンの製造方法
ES2540248T3 (es) 2010-10-26 2015-07-09 Omya Development Ag Producción de carbonato de calcio precipitado de alta pureza

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1925299A1 (de) * 1968-05-20 1969-11-27 Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung von substituierten Hydrochinonen
US4282250A (en) * 1977-01-07 1981-08-04 Papageorgiou Vassilios Remedy for skin injuries and diseases

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1925299A1 (de) * 1968-05-20 1969-11-27 Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung von substituierten Hydrochinonen
US4282250A (en) * 1977-01-07 1981-08-04 Papageorgiou Vassilios Remedy for skin injuries and diseases

Non-Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
M. Tabata et al., Abstract of Papers, 100th Annual Meeting of Pharm. Society of Japan (1980) p. 249. *
Patai, The Chemistry of the Quinonoid Compounds, part 1, 1974, p. 134. *
Tetrahedron Letters, No. 19(1959) pp. 9 13, Farina, A New Method for the Preparation of Naphtozorims. *
Tetrahedron Letters, No. 19(1959) pp. 9-13, Farina, "A New Method for the Preparation of Naphtozorims."
U. Sankawa et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 25, (9), 2392 2395 (1977). *
U. Sankawa et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 25, (9), 2392-2395 (1977).
U. Sankawa et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 29, (1) 116 122, (1981). *
U. Sankawa et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 29, (1) 116-122, (1981).
Y. N. Shukla et al., Experientia 25, 357 (1969). *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997003940A1 (en) * 1995-07-24 1997-02-06 Kuhnil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Novel 6-substituted-5,8-dioxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives
JP2004534854A (ja) * 2001-07-16 2004-11-18 ザ・ユニバーシティ・コート・オブ・ザ・ユニバーシティ・オブ・アバディーン アルツハイマーおよび関連する神経変性障害の処置のためのタウ凝集阻害剤としてのナフトキノン誘導体
CN102211997A (zh) * 2011-03-28 2011-10-12 上海交通大学 紫草素萘茜母核氧乙酰化衍生物及其制备方法、用途
RU2657548C1 (ru) * 2017-07-06 2018-06-14 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (ФГБОУ ВО ДВГМУ Минздрава России) Гель с нафтохиноновым комплексом биологически активных веществ воробейника краснокорневого
CN111808460A (zh) * 2020-06-12 2020-10-23 厦门大学 紫草素或其衍生物作为防止大型污损生物附着的防污剂的用途
CN111808460B (zh) * 2020-06-12 2021-10-01 厦门大学 紫草素或其衍生物作为防止大型污损生物附着的防污剂的用途

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JPS6236021B2 (it) 1987-08-05

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