US3928998A - Metal rod for reinforced concrete and process for producing said rod - Google Patents

Metal rod for reinforced concrete and process for producing said rod Download PDF

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US3928998A
US3928998A US442008A US44200874A US3928998A US 3928998 A US3928998 A US 3928998A US 442008 A US442008 A US 442008A US 44200874 A US44200874 A US 44200874A US 3928998 A US3928998 A US 3928998A
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rod
studs
series
metal
compacting
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Hector Jose Torres
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
    • B21B1/163—Rolling or cold-forming of concrete reinforcement bars or wire ; Rolls therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/10—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars
    • C21D7/105—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars of concrete reinforcing bars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
    • E04C5/03—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance with indentations, projections, ribs, or the like, for augmenting the adherence to the concrete

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Process for producing a metal rod with a high yield point and pronounced capability of adhesion, for reinforced concrete and the like, where the periphery of the rod is provided with series of spaced apart anchoring studs which have substantially the same physical properties as the core of said rod; and a process for producing such a rod by shaping and forming the starting material only by means of pressure and without subjecting the rod during the manufacture to torsion.
  • the present invention relates to a process for producing a metal rod, preferably of iron, with a high yield point and pronounced capability of adhesion, for reinforced concrete and the like, as well as to a metal rod produced by such a process.
  • the expression rod is used to define a stick-like member, which has usually a rather small cross-sectional circular area of a diameter not larger than approximately 8 mm.
  • the expression bar is used to identify a larger, elongated metal member than a rod and which has, in general, a considerably higher rigidity than the rod", as well as a larger cross-sectional area.
  • Iron reinforcement bars used in reinforced concrete structures are well known; iron rods have smaller crosssectional areas or diameters than the bars and are used in reinforced concrete members which are subject to smaller loads, than reinforced concrete members having bars. Both, in the event of bars as well as rods, it is an aim to provide these reinforcing members with a high yield point, as well as a pronounced capability of adhesion with regard to the concrete in which they are to be embedded.
  • these features are generally achieved by using as starting material iron bars of a predetermined length and on which periphery longitudinal ribs are formed by rolling. These ribbed bars are then subject to a torsional step to thereby increase the yield point and to change the shape of the longitudinal ribs into helicoidal ribs, to increase the capability of adhesion of the resulting reinforcing member within the concrete.
  • the yield point is particularly increased in the core of the bar, which is the portion which acknowledges best the benefits of such a torsional step.
  • the manufacturing process of such bars cannot be a continuous process, because it includes a torsion step, where the ends of the bar have to be clamped between a pair of spaced-apart revolving heads or chucks.
  • the fact that the manufacturing process is an intermittent process is of no substantial importance in connection with the total manufacturing cost of such bars, bearing in mind the weight thereof.
  • Rods of the diameters hereinabove mentioned, and used in reinforced concrete structures are generally not subject to any improvement process prior to be used; as a matter of fact in most cases just cylindrical rods are used.
  • the invention is based on the concept, that for increasing the yield point, bearing in mind that it is anti-economical to subject individual rods to a torsional process it is necessary to submit a strip in a first step to cold compacting, to thereby reduce the cross-sectional area of such a strip.
  • the resulting member has already a higher yield point.
  • This member is then subject to a second-step which is a shaping process without generating any torsional stress on the member, in order to obtain on the periphery of such member small stud like anchoring projections, which increase the capability of adhesion.
  • the anchoring projections are formed without substantially changing the metallographic structure of such portions.
  • the unaltered portion will include the core of the rod, as well as the anchoring projections and which are precisely those which have to resist the more outstanding stresses, once the resulting rod is embedded in a concrete member, which is subject to pertinent loads.
  • the stud-like anchoring projections are preferably aligned and spaced apart among themselves in such a manner that they do not define a helicoidal path along the rod, whereby a better anchorage is achieved.
  • the separation of the studs is selected in relationship to the size of the granules of the pertinent components of the concrete, such as sand, stone or gravel which may at least partially enter in the spaces defined in between such studs.
  • the studs are grouped in series.
  • the rods manufactured in accordance with the present invention are particularly used for stirrups, clamps, and the like; for tying reinforcement bars; they are also used in small concrete beams, slabs and road structures, as well as in prefabricated concrete members of small size.
  • the present invention relates thus to a process for producing a metal rod, preferably of iron, with a high yield point and pronounced capability of adhesion, for reinforced concrete and the like, comprising the steps of subjecting to cold compacting a metal strip, in order to reduce its cross-sectional area and increase the yield point of the metal constituting it, to produce a member having a substantially constant cross-section defining intersecting major and minor axes, and thereafter applying, on opposite peripheral portions of the member which includes said major axis, the necessary pressure to shift part of the metal from said opposite peripheral portions, and to form spaced apart studs by maintaining in longitudinally spaced apart zones the remaining part of the metal in said opposite peripheral portions, said studs defining the means to increase said capability of adhesion.
  • the process is a continuous one; that the metal strip which defines the starting material for the process has a rectangular cross-sectional area and that the latter can be obtained by cutting a sheetlike metal plate of suitable thickness into a plurality of parallel strips.
  • the invention is likewise concerned with a metal rod which has a substantially cross-sectional circular area having a diameter not larger than about 8 mm and where diametrically opposite peripheral zones are provided with staggered projecting studs which have substantially the same high yield point as the material of the rod existing between said diametrically opposite peripheral zones which define the core of said rod.
  • the studs are preferably staggered in series of several studs along the rod.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view, showing a hot rolled metal sheet roll which is being cut into parallel strips.
  • FIGS. 2, 2a, 3, 4 and 5 show schematic perspective views of several stations of a machine which enables to carry out the continuous process in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2b, 3a and 5a are longitudinal sections through the pairs of rollers respectively shown in FIGS. 2a, 3 and 5.
  • FIG. 5b is a perspective view of a roller of the pair of rollers shown in FIGS. 5 and 5a.
  • FIGS. 6 to 12 are respective cross-sections according to lines VIVI, VII-VII, VIII-VIII, lX--IX, X--X, XI-XI and XII-XII which are shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, and in FIG. 12, there is in addition shown in dottedlines, the cross-sectional area of the member of FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail of a portion of the roller shown in FIG. 5b.
  • FIG. 14 is a portion of a finished rod, in accordance with the process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of the process to which the starting material is to be subject, according to an arrangement which is an alternative embodiment with regard to the one shown in FIGS. 2 to 5.
  • FIG. 1 a metal sheet roll l is shown, from which parallel strips 2 are cut by means of a plurality of cutting disks 3.
  • the pertinent portion of the unrolled flat metal sheet defines an upper face 4 and a lower face 5.
  • the resulting cut strips 2 will also have each an upper face 4 and lower face 5 the lengths of which are larger than the thickness of the sheet member.
  • These strips 2 are then individually wound on drums, one of which is partially shown in FIG. 2 and identified by reference numeral 6; the winding is so performed that the upper and lower faces 4,5 become side faces.
  • FIG. 6 a section of strip 2 is there shown with the side faces 4,5, which are substantially parallel among themselves, and end faces 7,8, which are slightly irregular due to cutting of the disks 3.
  • a pair-of idle shaping rollers 9,10 mounted on pertinent shafts 11,12, only schematically shown, are provided to convert the substantially rectangular cross-sectional area (FIG. 6) into a cross-sectional area 13 having the shape shown in FIG. 7 and to which reference will bemade later on.
  • the two shaping rollers 9,10 have preferably the same diameter, for instance mm. Since the structure of both rollers 9,10 is identical, reference will now be made only to roller 9.
  • Roller 9 has a shaping channel 14 defined by two substantially parallel, side walls 15 and a concave-shaped bottom wall .16.
  • the cross-sectional area of channel 14 is substantially equal to half of the cross-sectional area 13 (FIG. 7).
  • Strip 2 is fed from drum 6 and before entering the shaping station of rollers 9,10, the faces 4,5,7,8 are coated with a lubricant.
  • Said coating may be performed in many well-known manners, for instance, by means of a sprayin-gun or passing said strip through a lubricant containing container, or as schematically shown in FIG. 2a, by passing such strip through a pair of felt cylinders 17,18 to which lubricant is supplied by.means of a dosifier 19.
  • Rollers 17,18 are rotatably mounted on a pivoted support 20, which due to spring 21 maintains rollers 17,18, in contact with the faces of the strip 2.
  • The, lubricant used may, for instance, be a SAE 60 oil.
  • the object of such lubrication is to enable the shaping of strip 2 through rollers 9,10 with a minimum load or pressure.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are compared, it may be appreciated that the-portions of material which are present in the corners defined by faces 4 and 7; 7 and 5; 5 and 8; and
  • the load which is applied to rollers 9 and 10 is the minimum necessary to carry out the shaping and is approximately 1,000 kg, if rods of approximately 5 mm diameter of the type used in reinforced concrete, are employed.
  • the shaping step up to here described is not an absolutely necessary one, although convenient, in order to carry out the following compacting step in an optimum way.
  • a major axis 22 and a minor axis 23 are shown, where the length of the major axis 22 is approximately equal to the distance which exists between the end faces 7 and 8 (FIG. 6).
  • the axes 22 and 23 cross each other.
  • the strip is now passed through a compacting station, consisting of a pair of compacting driven-rollers 24,25.
  • the compacting station 24,25 is coaxial with the shaping station 9, 10 and accordingly, the drawing should be interpreted in this manner.
  • the compacting channels of rollers 24, have each seen in cross-section a semielliptical shape so that, as shown in FIG. 3a, the facing portions of the rollers 24,25 define an elliptical space 26.
  • the upper roller 24 has a slightly larger diameter (237 mm) than the lower roller 25 (235 mm), so that upon rotating both with the same number of revolutions (for example 72 r.p.m.) there is a tendency of the strip member to exit such station by downwardly curving, so that by locating at the outlet of the comparting station 24,25 a suitable discharge table 27 (FIG. 3) the resulting rod is rectilineally discharged from the lower roller 25.
  • a considerable pressure or load is exerted on the convex end faces 7, 8' (FIG. 7) to transform the strip 2 into a rod having an elliptical cross-section and where the compacting is such, that the major axis 22 (FIG.
  • a rod 30 is achieved, the yield point of which has reached the desired value, but which rod is still lacking suitable anchoring means, which, in accordance with the concept of the present invention have to be produced without altering the physical features of the rod, at least in those portions which correspond to the future anchoring means and in the core of the rod, because these are the more important portions of the rod when subject to stress in a concrete member, in which it is to be embedded.
  • the anchoring means are merely small studs 31, such as shown in FIG. 14, where a finished rod 32 is shown. These studs 31 are present in series of three uniformily spaced apart studsand each series, in turn, is spaced apart from the next series in a distance which is larger 7 than the distance which exists between successive studs of the same series. In addition, the series of studs are aligned along diametrically opposite generators and one series of studs of one generatrix faces an interserial space of the other generatrix. As to the particular shape of the studs, reference will be made thereto later on.
  • the resulting rod 32 should have, apart from the studs 31, approximately a circular cross-section (FIG. 12).
  • the elliptical rod 30, with its major axis 29 in a horizontal position, as shown in FIG. 9, is passed through a series of orienting rollers 33, 34; 35,36; 37,38 (FIG. 4), in order that the rod is turned, so that its major axis 29 becomes vertical.
  • the first pair of rollers 33,34 supports the rod 30 with the major axis 29 in horizontal position (see also FIG. 9).
  • the second pair of rollers 35,36 supports the rod 30 with its major axis 29 in a sloped position (for instance 45; FIG. 10) and the last pair of rollers 37,38 supports the rod 30 with its major axis 29 in upright position (FIG. 11).
  • FIG. 12 shows in dotted lines, the elliptical cross-section ,of rod 30 in upright or vertical position, similar to FIG. 11.
  • Rod 30 is now passed through the stud shaping station consisting of a pair of driven rollers 39,40 (FIG. 5) arranged behind the guiding rollers, shown in FIG. 4. .
  • These rollers 39,40 have to rotate at a higher speed (for instance 83 r.p.m.) than the driven rollers 24 and 25.
  • the upper roller 39 has a larger diameter than the lower roller 40, for example 239 mm and 235 mm, respectively, in order to achieve the same result as in the compacting station 24,25.
  • no discharge table has here been shown, but a table similar to table 27, shown in FIG. 3, is also used.
  • Each roller 39,40 is as such of similar structure and each one has a channel 41 (FIG. 5b) which in general has a semi-circular cross-section, and which in their bottom walls have pluralities of holes 42, arranged in series to produce the already mentioned studs 31.
  • the holes 42 of the upper roller 39 will be staggered with regard to bhe holes of the lower roller 40, to achieve thus the distribution of the studs 31, as shown in FIG. 14.
  • the latter has a cap-shaped bottom portion, actually a spherical sector bottom portion with a radius 43 and the opening of which broadens to establish thus a linking zone with the walls defining the actual channel 41, defined by radius 44.
  • this broadening zone in this embodiment is defined by radii 45, the centers of ourvature 46 of which are located outside the cavity defined by channel 41, while the centers of curvature 47 and 48 of the cap and the channel, respectively are located within the pertinent cavities.
  • studs may be formed, the side walls of which join in a continuous curve like manner with the cylindrical surface of the rod.
  • the elliptical rod 30, due to the fact that it has been previously orientated, may enter the inlet of the channel 49 defined by the rollers 39,40 with its major axis 29 in upright position, so that the necessary pressure may now be applied on the opposite peripheric portions'of such body, in which the major axis 29 is located, in order to move a portion of the metal of these opposite peripheric portions by maintaining only the metal of the pertinent mid portions and which are to form the studs 31 while the rest of the metal is outwardly moved to increase the portion corresponding to the minor axis 28 and to thus transform the elliptical section 30 into a circular section 32' having the studs 31.
  • the zone of the finished rod 32 which is inscribed in a dotted line, is practically not subject to metallographic tranformations during the passage through rollers 39 and 40 and that zone is the one which defines the core and the studs of the finished rod 32.
  • a product is achieved having a high yield point and new anchoring means where these means and the adjacent zones of the core are not subject to undue pressure during the transformation which takes place when the rod is passed through rollers 39 and 40, to produce the studs.
  • the load which is applied to rollers 39 and 40 in the example given, is approximately 3,300 kg. In other words, there is an increase of approximately 50% with regard to the load applied at the compacting station 24,25.
  • a cutter 50 is schematically shown which may cut the rod which leaves station 39, 40 into rod members having a predetermined length.
  • FIG. 15 a similar arrangement is shown with regard to the one described in connection with FIGS. 2a
  • a process for producing a metal rod having a high yield point and good adhesive properties for use with reinforced concrete or the like comprising the steps of:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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US442008A 1973-11-28 1974-02-13 Metal rod for reinforced concrete and process for producing said rod Expired - Lifetime US3928998A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AR25120473A AR201492A1 (es) 1973-11-28 1973-11-28 Procedimiento para producir una varilla metalica y una varilla para estructuras de hormigon armado y lo similar obtenida mediante dicho procedimiento
FR7500257A FR2296693A1 (fr) 1973-11-28 1975-01-06 Procede de fabrication de fers, destines notamment a l'armature du beton, et fers ainsi obtenus
DE19752511812 DE2511812A1 (de) 1973-11-28 1975-03-18 Metallstab fuer bewehrten beton und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
GB13835/75A GB1508343A (en) 1973-11-28 1975-04-04 Process for producing a metal rod for reinforced concrete and a metal rod obtained by said process

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DE (1) DE2511812A1 (de)
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GB (1) GB1508343A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3533712A1 (de) * 1985-09-21 1986-03-27 Herbert 5870 Hemer Bergfeld Schlepp-flachwalzgeruest fuer das flachwalzen harter draehte in drahtziehmaschinen
DE102004016193A1 (de) * 2004-04-01 2005-10-20 Fuchs Kg Otto Reckwalzanlage
AU783664B2 (en) * 2001-08-28 2005-11-24 Australian Steel Company (Operations) Pty Ltd, The Concrete reinforcement product
CN101176966B (zh) * 2007-11-23 2010-06-09 奥盛（九江）钢线钢缆有限公司 一种刻痕钢丝稳定化处理工艺
CN102626712A (zh) * 2012-05-08 2012-08-08 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 不锈螺纹钢的轧制设备及方法
US9010165B2 (en) 2011-01-18 2015-04-21 Nucor Corporation Threaded rebar manufacturing process and system
US9551150B2 (en) 2010-06-24 2017-01-24 Nucor Corporation Tensionable threaded rebar bolt
CN107185995A (zh) * 2017-07-20 2017-09-22 四川桂利节能科技有限公司 一种冷轧带肋钢筋加工工艺

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1208968B (it) * 1983-02-18 1989-07-10 Ferrosider Spa Procedimento ed attrezzatura per la formatura di barre metalliche con dentature su due lati opposti.
GB2162915B (en) * 1984-08-09 1988-06-02 Allied Steel Wire Ltd Reinforcing bar joints
DE4400974A1 (de) * 1994-01-14 1995-07-20 Inst Stahlbeton Bewehrung Ev Betonstahl
DE19527177A1 (de) * 1995-07-25 1997-01-30 Dieter Hahn Rundstahlelement zur Betonarmierung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US882321A (en) * 1907-04-02 1908-03-17 Thomas W Jenks Method of rolling ribbed bars.
US2552364A (en) * 1946-06-10 1951-05-08 Sheffield Steel Corp Reinforcing bar or rod
US3494164A (en) * 1967-01-03 1970-02-10 Baustahlgewebe Gmbh Process for producing a reinforcing rod for concrete

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US882321A (en) * 1907-04-02 1908-03-17 Thomas W Jenks Method of rolling ribbed bars.
US2552364A (en) * 1946-06-10 1951-05-08 Sheffield Steel Corp Reinforcing bar or rod
US3494164A (en) * 1967-01-03 1970-02-10 Baustahlgewebe Gmbh Process for producing a reinforcing rod for concrete

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3533712A1 (de) * 1985-09-21 1986-03-27 Herbert 5870 Hemer Bergfeld Schlepp-flachwalzgeruest fuer das flachwalzen harter draehte in drahtziehmaschinen
AU783664B2 (en) * 2001-08-28 2005-11-24 Australian Steel Company (Operations) Pty Ltd, The Concrete reinforcement product
DE102004016193A1 (de) * 2004-04-01 2005-10-20 Fuchs Kg Otto Reckwalzanlage
CN101176966B (zh) * 2007-11-23 2010-06-09 奥盛（九江）钢线钢缆有限公司 一种刻痕钢丝稳定化处理工艺
US9551150B2 (en) 2010-06-24 2017-01-24 Nucor Corporation Tensionable threaded rebar bolt
US9010165B2 (en) 2011-01-18 2015-04-21 Nucor Corporation Threaded rebar manufacturing process and system
US9855594B2 (en) 2011-01-18 2018-01-02 Nucor Corporation Threaded rebar manufacturing process and system
CN102626712A (zh) * 2012-05-08 2012-08-08 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 不锈螺纹钢的轧制设备及方法
CN107185995A (zh) * 2017-07-20 2017-09-22 四川桂利节能科技有限公司 一种冷轧带肋钢筋加工工艺

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GB1508343A (en) 1978-04-26
FR2296693A1 (fr) 1976-07-30
DE2511812A1 (de) 1976-09-30

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