US3923288A - Material mixing apparatus - Google Patents

Material mixing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3923288A
US3923288A US428865A US42886573A US3923288A US 3923288 A US3923288 A US 3923288A US 428865 A US428865 A US 428865A US 42886573 A US42886573 A US 42886573A US 3923288 A US3923288 A US 3923288A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
elements
ears
combination
conduit
longitudinal axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US428865A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leonard Tony King
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Komax Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Komax Systems Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Komax Systems Inc filed Critical Komax Systems Inc
Priority to US428865A priority Critical patent/US3923288A/en
Priority to DE2459355A priority patent/DE2459355C2/de
Priority to GB54932/74A priority patent/GB1482689A/en
Priority to JP752024A priority patent/JPS5421987B2/ja
Priority to FR7442857A priority patent/FR2255944B1/fr
Priority to CA216,989A priority patent/CA1019719A/en
Priority to US05/636,713 priority patent/US4034965A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3923288A publication Critical patent/US3923288A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4315—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being deformed flat pieces of material
    • B01F25/43151—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being deformed flat pieces of material composed of consecutive sections of deformed flat pieces of material

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Apparatus for mixing materials having no moving parts in which a plurality of elements are fitted into a conduit.
  • the elements which need not be permanently fastened, are self-nesting and axially overlappingi Each axially overlapping region provides a mixing matrix introducing complex velocity vectors onto the materials to be mixed. A drift space subsequent to the matrix enhances the mixing operation.
  • the conduit and elements can be advantageously combined with a distribution head, preferably coaxial.
  • MATERIAL MIXING APPARATUS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to material mixing apparatus and particularly to stationary material mixing apparatus and to such apparatus in combination with a material distribution head for applying material to the stationary mixing apparatus.
  • Such stationary material mixing apparatus of different construction also have been known in the prior art variously as static mixers and interfacial surface generators.
  • the prior art approaches typically involve expensive machining, molding, casting or other fabrication of the component mixer elements coupled with some type of permanent attachment between elements and a conduit and/or between elements within a conduit.
  • the resulting cost and difficulty of manufacture results in a relatively expensive end product.
  • many of the prior art mixers provide less than complete mixing particularly with respect to material flowing along the walls of the conduit. This so-called wall-smearing is related to the parabolic velocity profile of a fluid having laminar flow in a pipe: the fluid velocity is small or zero along the wall surfaces.
  • a stationary material mixing apparatus comprising a plurality of self-nesting, abutting and axially overlapping elements fitted into a conduit.
  • the elements can be inexpensively fabricated by punch pressing from flat sheets and their configuration permits assembly of the apparatus simply by stuffing the elements into a conduit.
  • the elements tend to selfalign, abut and nest with adjacent elements and to provide a close fit to the conduit walls when a slight spring is provided in the elements. No permanent connection between elements or between elements and the conduit wall is required.
  • the conduit can be a flexible tube if required for a given application.
  • the mixing apparatus When combined with a material distribution head, particularly one with a coaxial feed, the mixing apparatus can be disposable to avoid any necessity to clean the apparatus after use with reactive materials.
  • Each region of axial overlap between elements provides a mixing matrix introducing complex velocity vectors onto the materials.
  • a flat axially aligned portion of each element provides a drift space subsequent to each mixing matrix for the materials to recombine prior to encountering the next matrix.
  • the invention has been found to reduce or eliminate wall-smearing effects even when the elements are not closely fitted to the conduit walls.
  • the inventive apparatus is useful for mixing virtually any materials including liquids, solids, gases, foams,
  • FIG. 1 is a partially cut-away perspective view of the stationary material mixing apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an arbitrarily designated left-hand element forming a portion of the ap- 0 paratus.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an arbitrarily designated right-hand" element forming a portion of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 4 is cut-away plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the left-hand element of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of the left-hand element of FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view along'lines 7-7 of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the right-hand element of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of the right-hand element of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 10 is a sectional view along lines 1010 of FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 11 is a sectional view along lines 1111 of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 12 is a sectional view along lines 1212 of FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cut-away view of a T-type distribution head for providing material to the stationary material mixing apparatus of this invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a portion of the distribution head of FIG. 13, showing the arrangement of the material prior to reaching the mixing apparatus.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic cut-away view of a coaxial type distribution head for providing material to the stationary material mixing apparatus of this invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a portion of the distribution head of FIG. 15, showing the arrangement of the material prior to reaching the mixing apparatus.
  • FIGS. 1 12 wherein the stationary material mixing apparatus is shown along with its component elements.
  • the apparatus includes a conduit 2 having an internal chamber 4 in which a plurality of elements 6 and 8 are fitted. Chamber 4 opens at the two ends of the conduit 2. A longitudinal axis passes through the length of the chamber 4.
  • a point is defined by l, r and 6 where l is the longitudinal coordinate, r the radical coordinate with reference to the longitudinal axis, and 6 the angular coordinate in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis.
  • the present invention is shown and described with reference to a right circular cylindrical chamber 4, it is to be understood that the invention is applicable to other configurations including chambers having a rectangular cross section. Moreover, the longitudinal axis of the chamber need not be a straight line, but may be curved due to the nature of the elements 6 and 8 as will become more apparent hereinafter.
  • Element 6 shown in greater detail in FIGS. 2 and 5 7, is arbitrarily designated a left-hand element and is a mirror image of element 8, shown in greater detail in FIGS. 3 and 8 10, and arbitrarily designated a righthand element.
  • Element 6 includes a central flat portion 10 the plane of which is intended to be generally aligned with the longitudinal axis of the chamber 4.
  • First and second ears 12 and 14, rounded or otherwise configured at their outside peripheries for a general fit to the wall of chamber 4, are bent upward and downward from the flat portion 10.
  • a second pair of cars 16 and 18 at the opposite side of flat portion 10, are bent downward and upward, respectively.
  • the outside peripheral edges of ears 16 and 18 are also rounded or otherwise configured for a general fit to the wall of chamber 4.
  • Elements 6 and 8 may be formedfrom a single flat sheet by a punch press, for example. However, the invention is not limited to any particular manner of fabrication, nor is the invention limited to providing elements 6 and 8 as a unitary piece. For example, elements 6 and 8 could each be a plurality of pieces brazed, soldered, welded or otherwise fastened together. It will be apparent, however, that the configuration of elements 6 and 8 makes possible their manufacture out of single sheets extremely inexpensively.
  • Element 8 is a mirror image of element 6 and in a similar manner includes a central flat portion 20, a first pair of ears 22 and 24 and a second pair of ears 26 and 28.
  • the angle A between ears 12 14, 16 18, 22 24 and 26 28, best seen in FIGS. 5 and 8, is preferably in the range of about 30 to l20 with an angle of 90 being shown as one example. Obviously the extremes of 0 and 180 provide ultimate limits.
  • Elements 6 and 8 are alternated through chamber 4, the total number of elements used depending on the materials being mixed and the degree of mixing desired. Each consecutive element (6,8) has its flat central portion (10,20) generally perpendicular to the next element.
  • FIGS. 1, 4, 11 and 12 shows the manner in which elements 6 and 8 readily abut and self-nest with respect to each other and with respect to the chamber 4 wall.
  • the ears 22 and 24 of element 8 mesh or axially overlap with ears 16 and 18 of element 6 so that the ear tips are adjacent thechamber 4 wall and the central flat portion of the next element.
  • ears 12 and 14 of element 6 mesh or axially overlap with ears 26 and 28 of element 8.
  • the ears (12, 14, 16, 18, 22, 24, 26, 28) are preferably dimensioned to spring against the chamber 4 wall so that a good fit is made to the chamber 4 wall without any need for brazing, gluing or otherwise permanently fixing each element 6 and 8 to the chamber 4 wall. It will be apparent from the configuration of elements 6 and 8 that the elements may be stuffed into chamber 4 and that they will tend to align themselves in the desired orientation, each element self-nesting or stacking with the next element and self-locking with respect to axial rotation.
  • L/D length/diameter
  • ears 16 and 18 of element 6 With respect to materials moving longitudinally in the direction of the longitudinal axis 1, a counter-clockwise velocity vector is imposed by ears 16 and 18 of element 6. Subsequent to the flat portion 10, ears 12 and 14 impose a further counter-clockwise velocity vector. It will also be noted that ears 16 and 18 impose a substantially inward directed radial velocity vector on materials moving longitudinally, whereas ears l2 and 14 impose a substantially outward directed radial velocity vector. In a similar manner in FIG. 3, ears 26-28 and 22-24 impose both a clockwise rotating velocity vector and impose generally inward and outward radial vector, respectively.
  • the longitudinal length of the flat regions 10, 20) is preferably long enough to permit relatively complete mixing of the materials subsequent to the mixing matrix, yet is not so long as to materially affect the pressure drop of the apparatus.
  • the flat region length must be considered with respect to pressure drop.
  • the flat region length is a substantial portion of the gross length of each element, the desired length being further affected by the ear angle (A).
  • the flat region (10,20) length will typically be at least of the same order of length as the mixing matrix zone length.
  • the invention in one aspect is not limited to use with a particular driving source for the materials to be mixed, the invention in another aspect forms a combination of a distribution head and the stationary material mixing apparatus of FIGS. 112. Also, a consideration of the distribution head will permit a further explanation of the apparatus of FIGS. 1-12.
  • the outputs of the distribution heads are, of course, coupled to the input of the mixing apparatus.
  • FIG. 12 shows a T-junction or manifold for driving two material sources through a single conduit.
  • a driving source shown as a hand 40, simultaneously drives a pair of pistons 42 and 44 via a U-shaped rod 46. Material A in chamber 48 and material B in chamber 50 are thus driven by the pistons through a T-junction 52 into a conduit 54.
  • the driving source 40 may be mechanized rather than manual.
  • a perspective view of conduit 54 in FIG. 14 shows the manner in which materials A and B tend to initially locate in the conduit.
  • the material In relation to the l or longitudinal axial direction of conduit 54 the material is perfectly mixed.
  • there are equal amounts of materials A and B for identical pistons 42, 44 and chambers 48, 50. That is, if a volume of one material is mixed perfectly with a volume of another material, then the probability of finding 3 molecule of one or the other material within the mixed volume is proportional to the initial volume ratios.
  • all information has been removed from the system, i.e., one cannot from geometrical considerations alone determine whether we will find one material or another at any arbitrary point.
  • the materials A and B as shown distributed in conduit 54 are not, however, perfectly mixed in the r and 0 directions.
  • FIG. shows a coaxial distribution head.
  • the driving sources for materials A and B are not shown but may take any suitable form.
  • Material B enters a conduit 60 which passes through a chamber 62 which chamber narrows to a coaxial conduit 64 around conduit 60.
  • Chamber 62 receives material A through an input conduit 66.
  • FIG. 16 shows the distribution of materials A and B in coaxial conduits 60 and 64. It will be apparent that the materials are now perfectly mixed, i.e., contain no information in the I and 0 directions, leaving only the r direction.
  • a coaxial distribution head has a further advantage when used with the stationary material mixing apparatus of FIGS. 1 12.
  • the distribution head will require little or no cleaning since the materials will come in contact only in the stationary material mixing apparatus.
  • materials A and B are reactive materials such as epoxy resins, for example.
  • the mixing apparatus could be disposable while the distribution head could be used indefinitely. For example, after mixing materials, the apparatus of FIGS. 1 12 would be uncoupled from the distribution head and the distribution head could be simply capped as by an inexpensive rubber or plastic component.
  • the coaxial distribution head may, of course, have multiple conduits as triaxial, etc.
  • the invention is useful for mixing all types of materials including liquids, solids, gases, foams, etc.
  • Thenumber of elements 6 and 8 employed can be varied depending on the degree of mixing required and on the type of material being mixed. Because elements 6 and 8 are not permanently fastened to each other or to the chamber 4 walls, the conduit 2 can be a flexible material so that the apparatus can take various curved shapes as may be required in particular applications.
  • the operation of the present invention can be analogized to the operation of a klystron.
  • a klystron see, for example. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, McGraw-Hill, 1971, Vol. 7, pp. 411-413
  • velocity modulation is imposed on a uniform beam of electrons (having no information," i.e., no variations in the l, r or 0 directions) in a buncher.”
  • the electrons gather into bunches (having information in the 1 direction, but uniform in the r and 9 directions).
  • the reverse effect is being accomplished. That is, the input materials are organized (contain information) and the output is desirably a stream of uniform distribution poorly organized no information.
  • the mixing matrix is an unbuncher which, like the klystron, requires a subsequent drift space for the results to take effect.
  • Stationary material mixing apparatus comprising a conduit having a length, a longitudinal axis through said length, and a chamber extending longitudinally through said length opening on first and second ends of said conduit and including said longitudinal axis,
  • each element having lengths along the longitudinal axis where adjacent elements axially overlap defining mixing matrices inducing both counter-rotating angular velocities relative to said longitudinal axis and simultaneous inward and outward radial velocities relative to said longitudinal axis on materials moving through said mixing matrices, each element having a length along the longitudinal axis where said elements do not axially overlap, the axially non-overlapping lengths of said elements along the length of the longitudinal axis defining drift spaces for the recombination of said materials subsequent to movement through the mixing matrices.
  • each of said elements comprises a flat rectangular central portion having first and second sets of ears adjacent opposite sides of said central portion, said sets of ears including first and second ears bent upward and downward relative to the plane of said central portion, said flat central portion lying along said axially non-overlapping length, and said sets of ears lying along said axially overlapping lengths.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
US428865A 1973-12-27 1973-12-27 Material mixing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3923288A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US428865A US3923288A (en) 1973-12-27 1973-12-27 Material mixing apparatus
DE2459355A DE2459355C2 (de) 1973-12-27 1974-12-16 Stationäre Mischvorrichtung
GB54932/74A GB1482689A (en) 1973-12-27 1974-12-19 Material mixing apparatus
JP752024A JPS5421987B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-27 1974-12-26
FR7442857A FR2255944B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-27 1974-12-26
CA216,989A CA1019719A (en) 1973-12-27 1974-12-27 Material mixing apparatus
US05/636,713 US4034965A (en) 1973-12-27 1975-12-01 Material distributing and mixing apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US428865A US3923288A (en) 1973-12-27 1973-12-27 Material mixing apparatus

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/636,713 Continuation-In-Part US4034965A (en) 1973-12-27 1975-12-01 Material distributing and mixing apparatus

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US3923288A true US3923288A (en) 1975-12-02

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US428865A Expired - Lifetime US3923288A (en) 1973-12-27 1973-12-27 Material mixing apparatus

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US (1) US3923288A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5421987B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1019719A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2459355C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2255944B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1482689A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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DE2459355C2 (de) 1985-01-24
DE2459355A1 (de) 1975-07-10
FR2255944B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-02-24
JPS5421987B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-08-03
FR2255944A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-07-25
JPS5097957A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-08-04
GB1482689A (en) 1977-08-10
CA1019719A (en) 1977-10-25

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