US3913847A - Granulator - Google Patents

Granulator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3913847A
US3913847A US458428A US45842874A US3913847A US 3913847 A US3913847 A US 3913847A US 458428 A US458428 A US 458428A US 45842874 A US45842874 A US 45842874A US 3913847 A US3913847 A US 3913847A
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Prior art keywords
container
gas
bottom plate
granulator
container upper
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Expired - Lifetime
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US458428A
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English (en)
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Werner Glatt
Harm Siemer
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/16—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by suspending the powder material in a gas, e.g. in fluidised beds or as a falling curtain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/10—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic in stationary drums or troughs, provided with kneading or mixing appliances

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A bell-shaped granulator container supported on lifting deviceswith a gas entry chamber circumferential of the base and connected to the base of the container through an annular gas-entry gap.
  • the container and its base enclose a stirrer, spraying device, comminuting tool and exhaust-gas filter.
  • the invention relates to a granulator comprising an upright, round container, in whose lower region there is arranged an annular gas-entry gap of adjustable cross section and in whose upper region there is arranged a gas outlet, and comprising a spraying device.
  • Granulators of various kinds are employed mainly for converting various components, such as base materials and effective substances of medicines that are to be pressed into tablets but are present initially in the form of fine particles, into a granulate of coarser grain comprising homogeneous composition.
  • the purpose of the granulation is to produce a readily-flowing, compressible granulate, which is mixed in a given case with an external phase; e.g., a bursting or retarding agent and/or a lubricant before it is supplied to a tabletting press.
  • the insert element defines an annular gas-entry gap and is axially adjustable for changing the cross section of the gasentry gap.
  • a pipe which ends in a spraying nozzle arranged at the tip of the insert element, extends axially through the insert element.
  • a material to be granulated, preferably suspended in a liquid, can be sprayed into the interior of the container through the spraying nozzle.
  • a working gas e.g., heated air
  • the adjustability of the gasentry gap makes it possible at any time to regulate the rate of the introduced gas in such a manner that the granulation cores or grains contained in the injected material are maintained in suspension, so that further components of the injected material can be deposited thereon.
  • the separate grains of the granulate thus formed are pulled along upward by the gas flow at the center of the container and move again downward in the area of the container wall, in order to be finally discharged from the container through an outlet for the granulate.
  • the granulating material held in suspension by the gas flow in the container is designated as a fluidized bed or whirl layer. Accordingly, such granulators are called fluidized-bed or whirl-layer granulators.
  • the invention is based on the task of further developing a fluidized-bed or whirl-layer granulator of the type described at the outset in such a manner that it can be employed with greater versatility. Namely, it has turned out that substances which can be readily charged with static electricity cannot be granulated in known granulators of this kind, since the substances are deposited on the wall of the container. Besides, the granulators of the type described permit only the preparation of builtup granulates; i.e., granulates of more grainy structure and lesser density.
  • agglomeration granulates i.e., granulates of higher density, that can be shaped; e.g., into continuous-rod granulate, short-rod granulate or round pellets.
  • Agglomeration granulates are generally produced by mixing homogeneously the components of the granulates in a mixer, moistening with a granulating solution and kneading thoroughly. The moist mass is then brought into the desired granulate shape in a granulating machine. Finally, the granulating liquid employed for the aggregation is again evaporated in a drying device.
  • the invention provides as solution of the task described, in a granulator of a type discussed above, that the container should consist of a bottom plate comprising a stirrer and a bell-shaped, downwardopen container upper part, which can be lifted from the bottom plate by means of a lifting device, and that the annular gas-entry gap be formed between the lower edge region of the container upper part and the bottom plate, when the container upper part is lifted, which gap is closed when the container upper part is lowered.
  • the granulator of the present invention allows not only the control of the granulating operation through lifting and lowering of the container upper part, but also provides the possibility of a choice between two working positions that are fundamentally different from one another from the viewpoint of process engineering.
  • the ordinary agglomeration granulates can be produced in this connection with the stirrer as the components mixed together with the stirrer and moistened by the spraying device are either supplied to a separate granulation machine or dried in the container of the granulator itself for which purpose a gas-entry gap is formed by lifting the upper part of the container and heated air is supplied through such a gap for drying the granulate.
  • the granulatorof the invention requires a gas flow which is merely weak in comparison with known whirl-layer granulators, owing to which a smaller amount of particles is pulled alongfrom the granulate and, consequently, the service life of the filters ordinarily arranged in front of the gas out let is extended.
  • the possibility of producing and drying agglomeration granulates in a closed system also provides particularly favorable conditions from the viewpoint of hygiene.
  • the granulator of the invention is particularly suitable for producing materials of low germ-content, as hot air is supplied initially, while the stirrer is running and the gas-entry gap is opened, until the material attains the required temperature and the amount of air passed through the container is then reduced and a germ-destroying gas; e.g., ethylene oxide, is supplied to the feed air.
  • a germ-destroying gas e.g., ethylene oxide
  • the surrounding air can be induced to flow with a certain intensity into the container through the annular gas-entry gap by attaching a suction blower to the gas outlet.
  • a suction blower to the gas outlet.
  • a preferred embodiment provides that the lower edge region of the container upper part be enclosed by an annular gas-entry chamber, that can be connected to a hot-air blower, a gas pipe or the like.
  • the latter described embodiment can be arranged in such a manner that the upper part of the container is guided like a piston in a cylindrical top piece of the bottom plate, which top piece defines the gas-entry chamber in an outward direction.
  • Another embodiment consists in that the upper part of the container is connected to the bottom plate by means of an elastic annular wall defining the gas-entry chamber in an outward direction.
  • a spraying device is expediently arranged on the upper part of the container and oriented toward the bottom plate.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical axial section through a granulator of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged sector of FIG. 1 with modified details.
  • the granulator shown therein possesses a container consisting of a bottom plate and an upper part 12 of the container.
  • Container upper part 12 consists of a substantially cylindrical base part 14, which tapers frustum-shaped in its upper region, a cylindrical central part 16 and a filter part 18, which is likewise cylindrical and closed at the top. These parts are arranged coaxially one above the other and bolted to each other.
  • the container upper part formed in this manner has the shape of a bell.
  • Base part 14 has a lower edge region 20, which projects radially inward, its lower face forming a guide surface for the gas flowing into the container. Above edge region 20, base part 14 is provided with a radially outward-projecting flange 22, engaged by a lifting device 24.
  • lifting device 24 consists of three hydraulic or pneumatic pistoncylinder units hinged to flange 22 at equal peripheral intervals.
  • a shaft 26 extends substantially radially through the wall of base part 14, above flange 22, a comminuting tool 28 being attached to its inner end.
  • Shaft 26 is mounted in a bearing block 30 attached to the wall of base part 14 and connected by means ofa belt drive 32 to an electric motor 34 attached to the same wall.
  • base part 14 is provided with a material inlet 36 for the material to be granulated.
  • a spraying device 38 is arranged in central part 16. It is a sprayer or sprinkler, of single or multiple nozzle and is provided for spraying a granulating liquid, such as for example, a gelatine solution, in a downward direction.
  • a granulating liquid such as for example, a gelatine solution
  • Filter part 18 is provided with an exhaust-gas filter 40 and, above that, a gas outlet 42.
  • a stirrer 44 is arranged directly above bottom plate 10. It is shown as a multiblade propeller and attached to a shaft 46, which extends vertically and substantially coaxially with container upper part 12, downward through bottom plate 10, and is coupled to an electric motor 48, possibly by means of an infinitely variable gearing that is not illustrated.
  • a number of materialoutlet openings 50 for the granulated material are arranged in bottom plate 10 around stirrer 44. Materialoutlet openings 50 can be closed by means of an apertured shutter 52 pivoted on the lower side of bottom plate 10.
  • a hand lever 54 is provided for turning apertured shutter 52. Material-outlet openings 50 end in a funnel 56.
  • the bottom plate is provided with at least one gas inlet 58 radially outside lower edge region 20 of container upper part 12. A plurality of these gas inlets is preferably arranged at equal annular intervals around lower edge region 20. As previously mentioned, hot air or surrounding air and additionally ethylene oxide may flow into the container through gas inlet 58.
  • FIG. 1 a particular feature of the embodiment of FIG. 1 consists in that a cylindrical top piece 60 is attached in gas tight manner such as by welding to bottom plate 10 at a radial distance outside lower edge region 20 of container upper part 12. Top piece 60 is sealed in relation to flange 22 of container upper part 12 by means of a ring-diskshaped packing 62 attached to the flange.
  • the pistoncylinder units of lifting device 24 are hinged to the upper side of flange 22, on the one hand, and in each case to a support 64 attached to bottom plate 10, on the other hand. Entire container upper part 12 is thus suspended, swinging like a pendulum, so that ring-diskshaped packing 62 contacts top piece 60 providing a seal all around, without being subjected to a considerable. radial pressure in any position.
  • bottom plate 10 is connected in gas-tight manner to flange 22 of container upper part 12, by means of an elastic annular wall 66, radially outside gas inlet 58 or a ring of such gas inlets.
  • the piston-cylinder units, that constitute lifting device 24 also in this case, are hinged to the bottom plate, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to the lower side of flange 22 which is widened in radial direction beyond elastic annular wall 66. Accordingly, in
  • the container upper part is supported from below. Radial displacements of container upper part 12 are prevented through at least three guide extensions 68 attached to bottom plate 10, lower edge region 20 of container upper part 12 being guided with small radial play between said extensions.
  • a gas-entry chamber 70 is formed through the described features around lower edge region 20 of container upper part 12, which chamber can be supplied through gas inlet 58 with a working gas under pressure; e.g., hot air.
  • a working gas under pressure e.g., hot air.
  • the working gas flows through the said gap from the gas-entry chamber from all sides radially into the container and upward through material 74 situated in the container, in order to escape finally from the container through exhaust-gas filter 40 and gas outlet 42. Portions of material 74 hurled radially outward by stirrer 44 are pulled upward by the working gas in this connection, so that a fluidized bed is formed. Even when the gas-entry gap is so narrow and/or the gas pressure in gas-entry chamber 70 is so low that no proper fluidized bed can be formed in the container, the inflowing working gas contributes to the elimination of dead zones in the container, so that material 74 can be thoroughly stirred by stirrer 44.
  • the granulator according to the invention is operated preferably with intermittent operation.
  • the container 12 Upon the beginning of each operation cycle the container 12 has its lowermost position, where the base member 14 rests with its edge region on the bottom plate 10 so that the gas-entry gap 72 is closed.
  • the material-outlet opening 50 are likewise closed.
  • Through material inlet 36 a charge of material 74 is supplied to the base member 14. Then the material inlet 36 is closed and a gas, for instance surrounding air, is fed into the gas-entry chamber 70 through gas inlet 58.
  • a gas for instance surrounding air
  • the material is sprayed by means of the spraying device 38 with a granulating liquid, for instance a gelatine solution.
  • a gas entering through the annular gap 72 and, if necessary, in addition by the stirrer 44.
  • the gas which is preferably hot air in a second phase of each operation cycle dries material 74 and is vented at the upper portion 12 of the container through gas outlet 42, after having passed through the exhaust-gas filter 40.
  • the upper portion 12 of the container is lowered again to the bottom plate 10.
  • the material outlet openings 50 are opened by turning apertured shutter 52 so that the material flows into the funnel 56 partly due to its own gravity and partly as a consequence of the action of the continued rotation of stirrer 44.
  • the material outlet openings are then'again closed and a new operation cycle can start.
  • the comminuting device 28 can be operated in certain phases of each operation cycle, especially before or during the spraying of granulating liquid 'by means of spraying device 38.
  • the finished granulated material 74 can be filled for example into a container from funnel 56.
  • a granulator comprising a container having a bell-shaped, downward-open container upper part and a bottom plate beneath the opening under said container upper part,
  • the granulator of claim 1 further characterized by said lower-edge region of said container upper part projecting radially inward and forming a guide surface which conducts the gas flow in an inward direction.
  • the granulator of claim 1 further characterized by a comminuting tool which is rotatable, mounted on said container upper part.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
US458428A 1973-04-05 1974-04-05 Granulator Expired - Lifetime US3913847A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2317129A DE2317129C3 (de) 1973-04-05 1973-04-05 Wirbelschichtsprühgranulator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3913847A true US3913847A (en) 1975-10-21

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ID=5877130

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US458428A Expired - Lifetime US3913847A (en) 1973-04-05 1974-04-05 Granulator

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US (1) US3913847A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5635891B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH584060A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2317129C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2224202B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1402840A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4556174A (en) * 1980-06-26 1985-12-03 Helmut Sieke Apparatus for treating dispersions and the like with non-sinusoidal vibration
US4556175A (en) * 1982-09-24 1985-12-03 Freund Industrial Co., Ltd. Granulating and coating machine
US4620671A (en) * 1983-06-03 1986-11-04 J. M. Voith Gmbh Method and apparatus for treating waste paper suspensions
US4623098A (en) * 1982-10-18 1986-11-18 Freund Industrial Co., Ltd. Granulating and coating machine
US5018671A (en) * 1989-03-06 1991-05-28 Kao Corporation Process for the continuous granulation of high density detergent granules
US5520341A (en) * 1992-04-10 1996-05-28 Boenisch; Dietmar Apparatus for regenerating foundry sand
US5680996A (en) * 1995-09-14 1997-10-28 The United States Of America Is Represented By The Dept. Of Energy Gas fluidized-bed stirred media mill
US20030121302A1 (en) * 2000-03-13 2003-07-03 Oliver Michael John Basil Production of a fertilizer product
US20030183704A1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-02 Anne-Laure Camara Apparatus and method for wet granulating
US20040121002A1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2004-06-24 Lee Phillip K. Controlled release encapsulated bioactive substances
US20050019207A1 (en) * 2001-11-02 2005-01-27 Michael John Basil Oliver Process for deodorizing and disinfecting a bioorganic material
US20100031881A1 (en) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-11 Vector Corporation Rotor processor for dry powders
US20110030587A1 (en) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Lignotech Usa, Inc. Agglomerated particulate lignosulfonate
US9486758B2 (en) * 2013-01-11 2016-11-08 Foosung Precision Ind., Co., Ltd. Apparatus for producing composite gas for fabricating metal matrix composite materials in liquid metal process
US11077064B2 (en) 2017-05-09 2021-08-03 Glatt Maschinen-Und Apparatebau Ag Device and method for granulating, agglomerating, pelletising, drying and/or coating
US11246334B2 (en) 2009-05-11 2022-02-15 Altria Client Services Llc Method and device for flavoring smokeless tobacco
US11944114B2 (en) 2012-06-20 2024-04-02 Altria Client Services Llc Smokeless tobacco lipid granules

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4037794A (en) * 1974-09-23 1977-07-26 Dierks & Sohne Granulation apparatus
HU185004B (en) * 1979-03-03 1984-11-28 Mta Mueszaki Kemiai Kutato Int Process for separating dry substant content of solutions and/or suspensions and in forme of granulate, and for granulating powders and mixtures of powders in a layer fluidized with gas, and apparatus for the process
US4370198A (en) * 1980-03-13 1983-01-25 Mta Muszaki Kemiai Kutato Intezet Method and apparatus for the recovery of the solid material content of solutions and/or suspensions as granules in a gas fluidized bed
JPS5943216B2 (ja) * 1981-06-23 1984-10-20 株式会社奈良機械製作所 混合・造粒・乾燥機
DE3248504A1 (de) * 1982-01-09 1983-07-21 Sandoz-Patent-GmbH, 7850 Lörrach Verfahren zur herstellung nicht staubender granulate und vorrichtung hierfuer
JPS63213370A (ja) * 1987-02-28 1988-09-06 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 電力用トランジスタの保護回路
IT1233163B (it) * 1989-03-01 1992-03-14 Zanchetta Aldo Procedimento di sferonizzazione e dispositivo per l'attuazione di detto procedimento
ES2075403T3 (es) * 1990-08-24 1995-10-01 Spirig Ag Pharmazeutische Prap Procedimiento para la fabricacion de pellets.
RU2126711C1 (ru) * 1993-04-20 1999-02-27 Ико Олеодинамики С.п.А. Установка для обработки порошков или гранул
US6125552A (en) * 1998-12-17 2000-10-03 Genencor International, Inc. Side discharge assembly for a fluid bed processing system and method thereof

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US335574A (en) * 1886-02-09 fulleb
US2309036A (en) * 1940-09-12 1943-01-19 Beardsley & Piper Co Apparatus for conditioning molding sand

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1495427A (fr) * 1966-03-02 1967-09-22 Progil Procédé et appareil de granulation de produits fluides

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US335574A (en) * 1886-02-09 fulleb
US2309036A (en) * 1940-09-12 1943-01-19 Beardsley & Piper Co Apparatus for conditioning molding sand

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4556174A (en) * 1980-06-26 1985-12-03 Helmut Sieke Apparatus for treating dispersions and the like with non-sinusoidal vibration
US4556175A (en) * 1982-09-24 1985-12-03 Freund Industrial Co., Ltd. Granulating and coating machine
AU566889B2 (en) * 1982-09-24 1987-11-05 Freund Industrial Co. Ltd. A granulating and coating machine
US4623098A (en) * 1982-10-18 1986-11-18 Freund Industrial Co., Ltd. Granulating and coating machine
US4620671A (en) * 1983-06-03 1986-11-04 J. M. Voith Gmbh Method and apparatus for treating waste paper suspensions
US5018671A (en) * 1989-03-06 1991-05-28 Kao Corporation Process for the continuous granulation of high density detergent granules
US5520341A (en) * 1992-04-10 1996-05-28 Boenisch; Dietmar Apparatus for regenerating foundry sand
US5680996A (en) * 1995-09-14 1997-10-28 The United States Of America Is Represented By The Dept. Of Energy Gas fluidized-bed stirred media mill
US20030121302A1 (en) * 2000-03-13 2003-07-03 Oliver Michael John Basil Production of a fertilizer product
US20050019207A1 (en) * 2001-11-02 2005-01-27 Michael John Basil Oliver Process for deodorizing and disinfecting a bioorganic material
US20030183704A1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-02 Anne-Laure Camara Apparatus and method for wet granulating
US6835397B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2004-12-28 Balchem Corporation Controlled release encapsulated bioactive substances
US20040121002A1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2004-06-24 Lee Phillip K. Controlled release encapsulated bioactive substances
WO2004060074A1 (en) 2002-12-23 2004-07-22 Balchem Corporation Controlled release encapsulated bioactive substances
US8807070B2 (en) * 2008-08-07 2014-08-19 Vector Corporation Rotor processor for dry powders
US20100031881A1 (en) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-11 Vector Corporation Rotor processor for dry powders
US12063952B2 (en) 2009-05-11 2024-08-20 U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company Llc Method and device for flavoring smokeless tobacco
US11246334B2 (en) 2009-05-11 2022-02-15 Altria Client Services Llc Method and device for flavoring smokeless tobacco
US20110030587A1 (en) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Lignotech Usa, Inc. Agglomerated particulate lignosulfonate
US8946396B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2015-02-03 Borregaard Industries Limited Agglomerated particulate lignosulfonate
US8277557B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2012-10-02 Borregaard Industries Limited Agglomerated particulate lignosulfonate
WO2011015950A2 (en) 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Borregaard Industries Limited Agglomerated particulate lignosulfonate
US11944114B2 (en) 2012-06-20 2024-04-02 Altria Client Services Llc Smokeless tobacco lipid granules
US9486758B2 (en) * 2013-01-11 2016-11-08 Foosung Precision Ind., Co., Ltd. Apparatus for producing composite gas for fabricating metal matrix composite materials in liquid metal process
US11077064B2 (en) 2017-05-09 2021-08-03 Glatt Maschinen-Und Apparatebau Ag Device and method for granulating, agglomerating, pelletising, drying and/or coating
US11576869B2 (en) 2017-05-09 2023-02-14 Glatt Maschinen- Und Apparatebau Ag Device and method for granulating, agglomerating, pelletising, drying and/or coating

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5635891B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1981-08-20
DE2317129A1 (de) 1974-10-17
GB1402840A (en) 1975-08-13
DE2317129B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-09-25
DE2317129C3 (de) 1981-11-05
FR2224202A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-10-31
CH584060A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-01-31
FR2224202B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-02-17
JPS5051976A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-05-09

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