US3911685A - Automatic rollover marine turbine control - Google Patents

Automatic rollover marine turbine control Download PDF

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Publication number
US3911685A
US3911685A US460369A US46036974A US3911685A US 3911685 A US3911685 A US 3911685A US 460369 A US460369 A US 460369A US 46036974 A US46036974 A US 46036974A US 3911685 A US3911685 A US 3911685A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
circuit
rollover
valve position
signal
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US460369A
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael J Cronin
Bruce D Taber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US460369A priority Critical patent/US3911685A/en
Priority to DE19752508659 priority patent/DE2508659A1/de
Priority to AU78777/75A priority patent/AU493462B2/en
Priority to YU00588/75A priority patent/YU58875A/xx
Priority to SE7503475A priority patent/SE394136C/xx
Priority to FI751071A priority patent/FI59682C/fi
Priority to IT22209/75A priority patent/IT1037194B/it
Priority to GB14798/75A priority patent/GB1509555A/en
Priority to DK158275A priority patent/DK158275A/da
Priority to ES436554A priority patent/ES436554A1/es
Priority to FR7511391A priority patent/FR2267445B1/fr
Priority to NO751283A priority patent/NO146030C/no
Priority to NL7504351A priority patent/NL7504351A/xx
Priority to JP4347275A priority patent/JPS5629086B2/ja
Priority to PL1975179586A priority patent/PL103491B1/pl
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3911685A publication Critical patent/US3911685A/en
Priority to HK871/79A priority patent/HK87179A/xx
Priority to MY197/80A priority patent/MY8000197A/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/02—Adaptations for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives
    • F01D15/04—Adaptations for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives the vehicles being waterborne vessels
    • F01D15/045—Control thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K15/00—Adaptations of plants for special use
    • F01K15/02—Adaptations of plants for special use for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives
    • F01K15/04—Adaptations of plants for special use for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives the vehicles being waterborne vessels
    • F01K15/045—Control thereof

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [21] A l, N 460,369 An automatic rollover circuit is included in a marine turbine control system, the automatic rollover circuit capable of detecting zero-shaft speed and directing an E 60/706; g output signal to the valve position control for opening either ahead and astem valves. lf rollover is detected, [58] Fleld of Search 9 then the automatic rollover circuit is reset to await the 60/646 0 415/13 36 next zero-speed condition. If rollover does not occur,
  • This invention relates generally to turbine control systems; and, in particular, this invention is applicable to marine steam turbine control systems.
  • the shaft must be rotated at low speeds until sufficiently heated or cooled. This may be done by turning gear or by manual actuation of the steam valve control whenever the shaft speed approaches zero-speed.
  • Zero-shaft speed may be defined as less than one-half shaft revolution per minute.
  • a marine turbine control system is provided with an automatic rollover circuit including a shaft speed input and a valve position set command output.
  • the input shaft speed signal is watched by a zero-speed detection circuit and a rollover detection circuit connected in parallel. If a zero-speed condition is detected, a delayed signal activates a valve position set circuit which provides a valve position set command to the turbine valve position control circuit.
  • An ahead/astern logic circuit controls the polarity of the valve position set command so that the turbine is alternately rolled in the ahead or astern direction. If the rollover attempt fails, the zerospeed detection circuit and valve position set circuit is reset by a valve open timer and another attempt to roll the turbine is made in an opposite direction. Meanwhile a shaft-stopped alarm is sounded. If the rollover is successful, the zero-speed detection circuit, the valve position set circuit, and valve open timer are reset by the rollover detection circuit to await the next zerospeed condition.
  • a rollover trip circuit is also enabled by a signal from the valve position set circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a marine turbine control system from throttle to turbine incorporating the automatic rollover circuit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the automatic rollover circuit including a shaft speed input and a valve position set command output.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the zero-speed detection circuit and valve set delay timer.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a timer device useful in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the rollover detection circuit.
  • the throttle control is set to produce both a valve position reference signal and a speed reference signal.
  • the valve position reference is added to the actual valve position (feedback) to provide a valve position error signal.
  • the speed reference signal is added with the actual speed signal to provide a speed error signal.
  • the valve position error signal and the speed error signal are added to provide a valve position command which reflects both the valve position error signal and the speed error signal.
  • the automatic rollover circuit is disabled and hence its output signal (valve position set command) is zero.
  • valve position command (summation of the valve position error and speed error) is input into a fourth summing junction D which determines flow from a variable displacement pump used for actuating the turbine valves.
  • the operation of the variable displacement pump in conjunction with actuating the turbine valves is the subject of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 410.929 for a Valve Actuating System filed Oct. 29, 1973 for'Taber and Cronin, assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
  • Redundant pickup speed signals HPSl and HPS2 are provided from the high-pressure turbine shaft by means of a toothed wheel and magnetic pickup.
  • the speed signals are in the form of digital pulse trains whose repetition rate is proportional to turbine speed.
  • the redundant speed signals are input into an Automatic Switching Input Check Circuit which produces a single speed signal output.
  • the Automatic Switching Input Check Circuit uses HPSl as the primary control signal, but if this should fail, it disables HPSl as an input and automatically switches to HPS2 as the control signal.
  • the Automatic Switching Input Check Circuit output I speed signal is input to a Zero-Speed Detection Circuit and Rollover Detection Circuit, both of which are in parallel.
  • the Zero-Speed Detection Circuit is an asynchronous digital circuit which enables a Valve Set Delay Timer if there is a zero-speed detection. Zerospeed is defined as a shaft speed of less that one-half revolution per minute.
  • the Valve Set Delay Timer has an adjustable delay setting which is usually set for a 1- minute delay. At the end of the l-minute delay, a signal from the timer activates a Valve Position Set Circuit which has been preset to the amount of valve opening in the turbine control valves.
  • the output signal of the Valve Position Set Circuit is further modified by an Ahead-Astem Direction Control (a flip-flop device) which then either causes the ahead or the astern turbine valves to open in the amount preset in the Valve Position Set Circuit.
  • Ahead-Astem Direction Control a flip-flop device
  • a speed input signal, to the Automatic Rollover Circuit which is identified as a zero-speed signal results in an output signal from the Automatic Rollover Circuit which is a valve position set command.
  • the valve position set command is a reference input to the valve position control circuit and hence sets the turbine valves.
  • Rollover Detection Circuit if rollover is accomplished, it is sensed by a Rollover Detection Circuit.
  • the Rollover Detection Circuit is set so that it is activated by the digital pulse train speed signal input where the pulse interval is greater than one-half shaft revolution per minute. Activation of the Rollover Detection Circuit resets the Zero-Speed Detection Circuit and the Valve Position Set Circuit. Thereafter, the next zero-speed condition is awaited.
  • the Valve Position Set Circuit also activates a Valve Open Timer which is a delay timer with a nominal delay of one minute. If a zero-speed condition is sensed and thereafter the turbine shaft is rolled, the Valve Open Timer is reset by the Rollover Detection Circuit. If there is no rollover, the timer activates a shaft-stopped alarm and resets the Zero-Speed Detection Circuit and the Valve Position Set Circuit so that rollover is then attempted in the opposite direction.
  • a Valve Open Timer is a delay timer with a nominal delay of one minute. If a zero-speed condition is sensed and thereafter the turbine shaft is rolled, the Valve Open Timer is reset by the Rollover Detection Circuit. If there is no rollover, the timer activates a shaft-stopped alarm and resets the Zero-Speed Detection Circuit and the Valve Position Set Circuit so that rollover is then attempted in the opposite direction.
  • the Valve Position Set Circuit also resets the Valve Set Delay Timer and enables a Rollover Trip Circuit.
  • the Rollover Trip Circuit includes a digital speed signal input LPSl taken from the low-pressure turbine. If the speed signal indicates a turbine speed of greater than 15% of rated turbine speed, then a signal output from the Rollover Trip Circuit (Malfunction Trip) is gated with the valve position control circuit output to assure that the 15% speed signal is due to an Automatic Rollover Circuit Malfunction and not any other control mode.
  • the trip is hydraulic and is known in the prior art. Additionally, this trip is interlocked with the throttle control which must be set at zero to operate the Automatic Rollover Control Circuit.
  • the zero-speed detection circuit is a combination of a retriggerable monostable multivibrator P1 and flip-flop circuits employing NAND gates.
  • the retriggerable monostable multivibrator may be of the type known as a Fairchild 9601 having a fixed timed output signal set by an RC time constant (T).
  • T time constant
  • the speed signal input is a digital pulse train whose repetition rate is proportional to shaft speed. If the repetition rate of the speed pulses exceeds T, then the output of 1 will be high. If the repetition rate of the speed signal falls below T, then the output of P1 goes low and sets FFl (flip-flop).
  • the T constant of P1 corresponds to the time delay between arriving speed pulses representing a shaft speed of one-half RPM.
  • Flip-flop circuit FFl is made up of two, two input NAND gates (Fairchild 9949).
  • a set or reset command is a logic low signal.
  • a logic low input to S will cause the 1 output to be high and the output to be low.
  • a low input to R will cause the 1 output to be low and the 0 output to be high. Operation is asynchronous.
  • the signal will now set the timer which until this time is being held in reset by using a NAND gate as a logical inverter from the set signal to the reset line. This insures that the set reset operation of the timer control is mutually exclusive.
  • the timer represents the valve set delay timer. When it times itself out, it emits a high pulse that is logically inverted by another NAND gate to set FF2 and the I output thereof sets the valve position set circuit. Another zero-speed condition can only be detected after both FH and FF2 have been reset.
  • the reset signal will come either from the Rollover Detection Circuit or the Valve Open Timer.
  • a switch connects the 741 operational amplifier (connected as an integrator) inverting input to a negative reference voltage through an input resistor.
  • the 741 operational amplifier is held in positive saturation, about 12 V, DC.
  • the comparator C is set to trigger on a negative voltage.
  • the timer is started by switching the 741 input to a positive reference voltage (adjustable by means of a potentiometer).
  • the 741 amplifier then starts to integrate negatively as a function of R, C, and the voltage at the slider of P When this voltage reaches the set point of comparator C, set by potentiometer P the comparator fires and a logic compatible signal is output.
  • the time delay is controlled by the reference voltage at P and the comparator set point, determined by P
  • the reset mode is faster than the timer mode by making the time constant R C much smaller than time constant R C Also the negative reference voltage is much greater.
  • the analog switches are controlled by a flip-flop.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the rollover detection circuit.
  • Two retriggerable monostable multivibrators P and P have different time constants T and T wherein T is greater than T P is used as a delay device whereas P is the primary detection device.
  • the digital speed signal triggers P and as long as the time delay between arriving speed pulses is greater than T of P P will have pulsed outputs.
  • the 0 output of P is used to trigger P
  • Two NAND gates in series are used to delay the 1 output of P before it is gated with the 0 output of P
  • the NAND gates in series compensate for the propagation delay incurred when triggering P
  • T is set such that it is equal to the time between speed pulses that would correspond to a shaft speed slightly greater than one-half RPM
  • the output of P 1 stays high. P is no longer being triggered and times itself out and its 0 output will go high.
  • the P 1 output is gated with the P 0 output (both high) providing a rollover detection signal.
  • the rollover trip circuit is similar to the aforementioned rollover detection circuit and therefore would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art. to derive the rollover trip circuit from the teachings of FIG. 5 and the foregoing explanation.
  • the operation of the Automatic Rollover Circuit is as follows. When the throttle control is set to zero, it is still desirable to keep the shaft rotating to prevent distortion of the shaft. This is the function of the Automatic Rollover Circuit which provides a valve position set command when a zero-speed condition is detected. The valve position set command is introduced into the valve position control circuit shown in FIG. 1 and operates the turbine control valves. Again, it is emphasized that during the operation of the Automatic Rollover Circuit, the throttle is set at zero and an interlock between the Automatic Rollover Circuit and the throttle control is provided for this purpose.
  • Redundant high-pressure turbine speed signals are introduced into the Automatic Rollover Circuit into an asynchronous switching circuit which can detect failure of one of the input signals and which then can utilize the working signal for control.
  • the input speed signal is ignored allowing the turbine to coast until such time as a zero-speed condition exists.
  • This condition is detected by a Zero-Speed Detection Circuit (an asynchronous digital circuit which looks at the time interval between speed pulses) which activates a Valve Position Set Circuit after a nominal delay set by the Valve Set Delay Timer.
  • the Valve Position Set Circuit and the Ahead/Astem Direction Control direct the Marine Turbine Control to open either the Ahead or Astern valves and sets the amount (position) of the valve opening.
  • the Valve Set Delay Timer is reset; the Valve Open Timer is Set and the Rollover Trip Circuit is set. lf the turbine shaft is rolled, this is detected by the Rollover Detection Circuit which resets the Zero-Speed Detection Circuit; resets (closes) the Valve Position Set Circuit and resets the Valve Open Timer. The turbine shaft then coasts until the next zero-speed condition is detected.
  • a signal from the timer activates a shaft-stopped alarm and resets the Zero- Speed Detection Circuit and Valve Position Set Circuit. Thereafter the zero-speed is again detected and a valve position set command is activated for turning the shaft in the other direction. If, in the course of Automatic Rollover Circuit control, the turbine speed exceeds 15% of rated speed (as detected from an alternate turbine speed pickup) then a signal (malfunction trip) is gated with the valve position control output signal to shut down the turbine.
  • a turbine control system including a valve position control circuit for controlling the flow of a motive bine shaft zero-speed condition, the automatic rollover circuit comprising:
  • valve position set circuit for providing a valve position set command signal in response to a signal from the zero-speed detection means
  • the shaft speed input signal is a digital pulse train whose repetition rate is proportional to shaft speed; and, wherein the rollover detection means includes at least one retriggerable monostable multivibrator having a time constant corresponding to a digital pulse train repetition rate slightly greater than one-half shaft revolution per minute.
  • the automatic rollover circuit recited in claim 1 further including a rollover trip circuit, the rollover trip circuit enabled by a signal from the valve position set circuit; and, the rollover trip circuit further comprising:
  • a second shaft speed signal input comprising a digital pulse train whose repetition rate is proportional to shaft speed
  • At least one retriggerable monostable multivibrator receiving the second shaft speed signal input, the retriggerable monostable multivibrator having a time constant corresponding to a digital pulse train repetition rate of a selected percent of turbine rated speed.
  • the automatic rollover circuit recited in claim 1 further including means for directing the valve position set command signal alternately in an ahead and astern direction, the means interposed between the valve position set circuit and the valve position control circuit.
  • a valve position set circuit for providing a valve position set command signal in response to a signal from the zero-speed detection means
  • the rollover detection means output signal providing a first reset signal to the zero-speed detection means and the valve position set circuit upon detection of turbine shaft rollover;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
US460369A 1974-04-12 1974-04-12 Automatic rollover marine turbine control Expired - Lifetime US3911685A (en)

Priority Applications (17)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US460369A US3911685A (en) 1974-04-12 1974-04-12 Automatic rollover marine turbine control
DE19752508659 DE2508659A1 (de) 1974-04-12 1975-02-28 Schiffsturbinen-umrollregelung
AU78777/75A AU493462B2 (en) 1974-04-12 1975-03-04 Automatic rollover marine turbine control
YU00588/75A YU58875A (en) 1974-04-12 1975-03-11 Device for automatic control of the rotation of a ship turbine
SE7503475A SE394136C (sv) 1974-04-12 1975-03-25 Turbinstyrsystem
FI751071A FI59682C (fi) 1974-04-12 1975-04-09 Turbinstyrsystem
GB14798/75A GB1509555A (en) 1974-04-12 1975-04-10 Turbine control system
IT22209/75A IT1037194B (it) 1974-04-12 1975-04-10 Controllo automatico di rotazione a vuoto per turbina navale
DK158275A DK158275A (da) 1974-04-12 1975-04-11 Turbinekontrolsystem
ES436554A ES436554A1 (es) 1974-04-12 1975-04-11 Sistema de control de turbina.
FR7511391A FR2267445B1 (ja) 1974-04-12 1975-04-11
NO751283A NO146030C (no) 1974-04-12 1975-04-11 Turbinkontrollsystem for rotasjon av en turbinrotor
NL7504351A NL7504351A (nl) 1974-04-12 1975-04-11 Turbine-besturingsstelsel.
JP4347275A JPS5629086B2 (ja) 1974-04-12 1975-04-11
PL1975179586A PL103491B1 (pl) 1974-04-12 1975-04-12 Urzadzenie do sterowania turbina okretowa
HK871/79A HK87179A (en) 1974-04-12 1979-12-20 Turbine control system
MY197/80A MY8000197A (en) 1974-04-12 1980-12-30 Turbine control system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US460369A US3911685A (en) 1974-04-12 1974-04-12 Automatic rollover marine turbine control

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3911685A true US3911685A (en) 1975-10-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US460369A Expired - Lifetime US3911685A (en) 1974-04-12 1974-04-12 Automatic rollover marine turbine control

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US3911685A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5629086B2 (ja)
DE (1) DE2508659A1 (ja)
DK (1) DK158275A (ja)
ES (1) ES436554A1 (ja)
FI (1) FI59682C (ja)
FR (1) FR2267445B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1509555A (ja)
HK (1) HK87179A (ja)
IT (1) IT1037194B (ja)
MY (1) MY8000197A (ja)
NL (1) NL7504351A (ja)
NO (1) NO146030C (ja)
PL (1) PL103491B1 (ja)
SE (1) SE394136C (ja)
YU (1) YU58875A (ja)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090409A (en) * 1974-12-04 1978-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for turning a turbine shaft
US4634875A (en) * 1983-01-20 1987-01-06 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Transitory storage for highly-radioactive wastes
US20100288951A1 (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-11-18 Rolls-Royce Goodrich Engine Control Systems Ltd. Shut-Down Arrangement
CN110344893A (zh) * 2019-07-18 2019-10-18 上海华电电力发展有限公司望亭发电分公司 一种汽轮机主机汽门开启的控制方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2847617A (en) * 1957-03-28 1958-08-12 Curtiss Wright Corp Phase synchronizing system
US3150549A (en) * 1959-11-09 1964-09-29 Jack N Binns Hydraulic control system for contour rool-turning lathe
US3361108A (en) * 1966-04-06 1968-01-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Stand-by control for steam turbines
US3643437A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-02-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Overspeed protection system for a steam turbine generator
US3817651A (en) * 1973-04-20 1974-06-18 Carrier Corp Control system having means for expanding the useful frequency response

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2847617A (en) * 1957-03-28 1958-08-12 Curtiss Wright Corp Phase synchronizing system
US3150549A (en) * 1959-11-09 1964-09-29 Jack N Binns Hydraulic control system for contour rool-turning lathe
US3361108A (en) * 1966-04-06 1968-01-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Stand-by control for steam turbines
US3643437A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-02-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Overspeed protection system for a steam turbine generator
US3817651A (en) * 1973-04-20 1974-06-18 Carrier Corp Control system having means for expanding the useful frequency response

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090409A (en) * 1974-12-04 1978-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for turning a turbine shaft
US4634875A (en) * 1983-01-20 1987-01-06 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Transitory storage for highly-radioactive wastes
US20100288951A1 (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-11-18 Rolls-Royce Goodrich Engine Control Systems Ltd. Shut-Down Arrangement
EP2258927A3 (en) * 2009-05-18 2012-04-25 Rolls-Royce Goodrich Engine Control Systems Ltd. Shut-down arrangement
US8733398B2 (en) 2009-05-18 2014-05-27 Rolls-Royce Controls And Data Services Limited Shut-down arrangement
CN110344893A (zh) * 2019-07-18 2019-10-18 上海华电电力发展有限公司望亭发电分公司 一种汽轮机主机汽门开启的控制方法
CN110344893B (zh) * 2019-07-18 2022-05-24 上海华电电力发展有限公司望亭发电分公司 一种汽轮机主机汽门开启的控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES436554A1 (es) 1976-12-16
DE2508659A1 (de) 1975-10-23
IT1037194B (it) 1979-11-10
NO146030B (no) 1982-04-05
NO751283L (ja) 1975-10-14
AU7877775A (en) 1976-09-09
GB1509555A (en) 1978-05-04
YU58875A (en) 1982-02-28
FR2267445B1 (ja) 1980-12-19
PL103491B1 (pl) 1979-06-30
JPS5629086B2 (ja) 1981-07-06
JPS50143905A (ja) 1975-11-19
FR2267445A1 (ja) 1975-11-07
FI59682C (fi) 1981-09-10
SE394136B (sv) 1977-06-06
SE7503475L (sv) 1975-10-13
FI59682B (fi) 1981-05-29
DK158275A (da) 1975-10-13
SE394136C (sv) 1980-01-14
NO146030C (no) 1982-07-14
MY8000197A (en) 1980-12-31
FI751071A (ja) 1975-10-13
HK87179A (en) 1979-12-28
NL7504351A (nl) 1975-10-14

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