US3909154A - Centrifugal compressor - Google Patents

Centrifugal compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3909154A
US3909154A US503402A US50340274A US3909154A US 3909154 A US3909154 A US 3909154A US 503402 A US503402 A US 503402A US 50340274 A US50340274 A US 50340274A US 3909154 A US3909154 A US 3909154A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
compressor
shaft
housing
air passage
end plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US503402A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Raymond R Robb
Donald C Hewitt
Jr Melvin G Walter
Vijay K Sood
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elliott Turbomachinery Co Inc
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Corp filed Critical Carrier Corp
Priority to US503402A priority Critical patent/US3909154A/en
Priority to GB27538/75A priority patent/GB1500550A/en
Priority to CH882875A priority patent/CH600163A5/xx
Priority to IT25190/75A priority patent/IT1039805B/it
Priority to NL7508237.A priority patent/NL166102C/xx
Priority to JP50099051A priority patent/JPS5249166B2/ja
Priority to FR7527012A priority patent/FR2284057A1/fr
Priority to DE2539168A priority patent/DE2539168C2/de
Priority to SE7509835A priority patent/SE419117B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3909154A publication Critical patent/US3909154A/en
Assigned to ELLIOTT TURBOMACHINERY CO., INC. reassignment ELLIOTT TURBOMACHINERY CO., INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CARRIER CORPORATION, A CORP OF DEL.
Assigned to FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO, THE reassignment FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO, THE LICENSE (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ELLIOT TURBOMACHINERY CO., INC.
Assigned to CONTINENTAL BANK N.A. reassignment CONTINENTAL BANK N.A. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ELLIOTT TURBOMACHINERY CO., INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/10—Shaft sealings
    • F04D29/12—Shaft sealings using sealing-rings
    • F04D29/122—Shaft sealings using sealing-rings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S277/00—Seal for a joint or juncture
    • Y10S277/928—Seal including pressure relief or vent feature

Definitions

  • Wall 5 7 ABSTRACT A multi-stage overhung centrifugal compressor having a split seal housing encompassing the impeller shaft that vented directly to atmosphere.
  • the seal rings contained within the housing are also split to permit the seal assembly to be mounted about the shaft without having to remove the shaft from its supporting structure.
  • This invention relates to a centrifugal compressor and, in particular, to an overhung compressor having a modular configuration containing a split shaft seal that is ventable directly to the atmosphere.
  • this invention relates to a split seal assembly suitable for use in an overhung compressor of the type wherein one or more interchangeable compressor sections are suspended from a stationary drive section, the compressor drive shaft being common to both the compressor sections and the drive section.
  • the compressor sections are broken away from the ma chine drive along a vertical parting line that passes adjacent to or through the shaft seal assembly. It is also typical in this arrangement to employ sealing rings of one-piece construction which must be slipped over the end of the shaft during assembly or removal thereof.
  • the vertically split overhung construction is relatively simple, it nevertheless has certain disadvantages relating to the mounting of shaft seals that tends to offset the advantage of simplicity.
  • the seals generally are buried well within the machine structure. Venting of the seal cavity, as normally required in a visco-seal arrangement or the like, becomes difficult. Because generous venting cannot be provided, special systems are needed to introduce artificial buffer air into the seal cavities, particularly during periods of startup or shut down. Buffer air systems have proven to be expensive, difficult to maintain. and often times unreliable.
  • the compressor drive shaft must be removed from its support structure when the rings are to be mounted or removed from the machine. Accordingly, both the compressor section and the drive section of the machine have to be dismantled to gain access to the shaft in order to accomplish this task. This practice is also time consuming and expensive to perform.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to faeilitate mounting and removal of shaft seals in a rotary machine without having to remove the shaft from the machine.
  • a rotary machine of the type wherein one or more compressor sections are suspended from a single drive section, the drive section including a stationary base and a removable cover being separable along a horizontal parting line. end plates secured to the base for suspending the compressor sections with the end plates extending upwardly adjacent to the cover to pro vide a generous air passage therebetwcen, a compressor drive shaft journaled for rotation within the drive section and being axially aligned with the horizontal parting line.
  • a split shaft seal assembly insertable between the end plate and the drive section having at least two split rings mounted therein for encompassing the shaft to form a vent cavity therebetween, and venting means for placing the vent cavity in fluid flow communication with the air passage formed between the end plate and the cover.
  • FIG. I is a side view of a rotary machine embodying the teachings of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial view in section of the machine illustrated in FIG. 1 showing a split seal housing positioned between the end plate and the drive section, and
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken along line 3-3 in FIG. 2 further showing the construction of the split seal housing.
  • FIG. 1 depicts an overhung compressor, generally referenced 10, which includes a support stand 11 upon which is mounted an electrical drive motor 12.
  • the motor is operatively connected to a main machine drive section 13 via a shaft 14.
  • a series of compressor sections l5, 16 are suspended from the drive section upon vertically extending end plates 17, 18.
  • the drive section of the machine is of two-piece construction consisting of a stationary base 19 secured to the stand and a removable cover 20 affixed thereto by means of bolting flanges 21, 22. As illustrated, the cover is separable from the base along a horizontal parting line 23.
  • a bull gear operatively connected to drive shaft 14, is rotatably supported within the drive section and, as will be explained below, translates power from the motor to the compressor sections hung upon the drive section.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the left-hand end of the pinion shaft as seen in FIG. 1, passing through shaft opening 28 formed in the drive section and the left-hand end plate 17 into compressor section 15. It should be understood that the opposite end of the shaft passes into compressor section 16 and is similarly supported in the righthand side of the drive section and the right-hand end plate 18.
  • the shaft mounting arrangement will only be described in reference to the right-hand end of the shaft.
  • Shaft 25 extends into the compressor section 15 and has affixed thereto an axially aligned stud 30 upon which is mounted a first stage impeller 31.
  • the machine herein disclosed embodies a modular concept wherein the compressor stages are all fabricated of standard parts that are capable of being suspended from the end plates in a variety of different arrangements.
  • the impellers of the various compressor stages are removably affixed to either end of the pinion shaft and can be conveniently mounted in different numbers and orders to accommodate the various modular configurations.
  • An important aspect of this modular approach resides in the fact that the compressor shaft or shafts supported in the drive housing do not have to be removed from their supports when the machine configuration is altered to accommodate different flow ranges.
  • the machine illustrated in FIG. I basically is a threestage compressor having the first stage impeller housed in compressor section and the second and third stage impellers housed in compressor section 16. It should be clear, however, that this particular arrangement of compressor components can be changed and more than a single shaft can be similarly mounted in the drive section to accommodate further stages.
  • the working fluid to be compressed enters the first stage of the machine by means of inlet 34 (FIG. 1) and after compression is discharged into an intercooler (not shown) mounted in the stand 11 via discharge piping 35. After cooling, the fluid enters the second stage through piping 36, passes through the second and third stages of compression, and is finally discharged from the compressor via discharge piping 37.
  • the lower base 19 of the drive section 13 is provided with a pair of semicircular bosses 40, 41 to which are secured the end plates 17 and 18, respectively, for example by bolting or welding.
  • the end plates are supported in a substantially vertical condition with the upper half of each plate being freely suspended adjacent to the cover thus establishing an air passage 43 therebetween extending downwardly, deep into the machine structure.
  • a split seal assembly 50 is positioned outboard of the bearings within the shaft opening 28 containing a pair of split sealing rings 53 which encompass the shaft to form an annular vent cavity 54 thercbetween.
  • the rings are supported within a cylindrical housing 55 that is split into two equal halves 55((1) and 55(1)) as best seen in FIG. 3.
  • the split seal housing is mounted between the end plates and the drive section directly below the air passage 43.
  • a vertical air channel 56 is machined in hub 57 of the cover which extends the air passage direetly into the shaft opening above the seal housing.
  • the vent cavity 54 formed between the rings, is placed in fluid flow communication with the channel, and thus the air passage, by means of a series of radially extended openings 58 that empty into an annular chamber 60 formed in the outer periphery of the housing.
  • the annular chamber discharges directly into the channel whereby fluids are efficiently ex changed between the vent cavity and atmosphere.
  • the sealing rings are preferably formed of carbon and are supported with a minimum ofclearance about the shaft to reduce leakage thercbetween.
  • the rings thus prevent high pressure fluids processed in the compressor from passing into the drive section and oil and oil vapors contained in the drive section from moving into the compressor section. Because some leakage occurs over the rings, it is essential to vent this leakage out of the system. For example, during startup or shutdown of the machine, there is generally a loss of pressure experienced in the compressor sections whereby a negative pressure is felt on the compressor side of the seal assembly. Without generous venting of the seal cavity, oil or oil vapors can be pulled from the drive section into the compressor section.
  • the apparatus of the present invention avoids these problems by providing generous natural venting of the seal cavity.
  • air is readily drawn into the vent cavity to provide a buffer between the compressor and drive sections.
  • this pressure is broken down over the sealing rings and any leakage into the vent cavity is quickly passed to atmosphere rather than into the drive section where it can cause misting.
  • the sealing rings are supported within recesses formed within the internal opening of housing 50.
  • the rings are springbiased axially against one radial wall of the recess and also radially towards the shaft.
  • the sealing rings can be formed of two or four coacting segments equally contained within each half of the housing. Although not clear from the drawing, sufficient clearance is provided to permit each half of the housing to be slipped over the shaft when the drive cover is removed.
  • the two halves of the housing are then pinned together by dowels 65 (FIG. 3) and then bolted together via cap screws 66.
  • the ring segments are supported in alignment against one wall of the recess and the end face brought into contact under the influence of the springs. so that a continuous sealing surface is presented to the shaft having a minimum amount of clearance thercbetween.
  • a pin is staked to the seal housing.
  • the pin extends outwardly from the outer periphery of the housing and is received in a groove 71 machined in the end face of plates 17, 18. Axial shifting of the housing is also prevented by a pair of arcuate-shaped retaining rings 74,
  • An O-ring seal 77 is also mounted in a groove formed about the outer periphery of the seal housing with the O-ring being arranged to seat in sealing contact against the surface of the shaft opening thus preventing the working fluids from moving thercbetween.
  • the present shaft sealing arrangement is extremely well suited for use in an overhung compressor environment wherein a drive section is split horizontally along the center line of the impeller drive shaft.
  • the shaft seal housing is permitted to extend between the drive housing and the end plate supporting the compressor section whereby a generous venting passage to atmosphere can be established within the seal region thus avoiding many of the problems associated with more conventional seals ordinarily buried deep within the machine structure.
  • the seal housing and seals can be conveniently mounted or removed in respect to the drive shaft without having to remove the shaft from assembly or decoupling the shaft from the drive system.
  • a drive assembly including a base and a removable cover being separable-along a generally horizontal parting line, the drive section containing a driving member
  • a pinion shaft for driving the compressor rotor operatively connected to the driving member, said shaft being rotatably supported within the drive section and extending through a shaft opening formed in said drive assembly and said end plate into the compressor casing,
  • seal housing axially split into two sections being mountable about said shaft within said opening with one end of the housing being seated within said end plate and the opposite end of said housing being seated within said drive assembly
  • venting means for placing the vent cavity in fluid flow communication with said air passage and means for retaining said vent cavity and said air passage in communication.
  • the compressor of claim 1 having further means for securing said housing in said shaft opening to prevent axial and rotational movement thereof.
  • said housing includes an annular chamber formed in the outer periphery thereof arranged to discharge directly into said air passage and a series of radial openings passing between said chamber and the vent cavity.
  • the compressor of claim 1 further including a seal positioned between the end plate and the housing for preventing fluids from moving therebetween.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
US503402A 1974-09-05 1974-09-05 Centrifugal compressor Expired - Lifetime US3909154A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US503402A US3909154A (en) 1974-09-05 1974-09-05 Centrifugal compressor
GB27538/75A GB1500550A (en) 1974-09-05 1975-06-30 Centrifugal compressor
CH882875A CH600163A5 (it) 1974-09-05 1975-07-07
IT25190/75A IT1039805B (it) 1974-09-05 1975-07-08 Compressore centrifugo
NL7508237.A NL166102C (nl) 1974-09-05 1975-07-10 Centrifugaalcompressor met een axiaal gedeelde aandrijfkast.
JP50099051A JPS5249166B2 (it) 1974-09-05 1975-08-14
FR7527012A FR2284057A1 (fr) 1974-09-05 1975-09-03 Compresseur centrifuge
DE2539168A DE2539168C2 (de) 1974-09-05 1975-09-03 Einrichtung an Kreiselgebläsen
SE7509835A SE419117B (sv) 1974-09-05 1975-09-04 Kompressor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US503402A US3909154A (en) 1974-09-05 1974-09-05 Centrifugal compressor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3909154A true US3909154A (en) 1975-09-30

Family

ID=24001941

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US503402A Expired - Lifetime US3909154A (en) 1974-09-05 1974-09-05 Centrifugal compressor

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3909154A (it)
JP (1) JPS5249166B2 (it)
CH (1) CH600163A5 (it)
DE (1) DE2539168C2 (it)
FR (1) FR2284057A1 (it)
GB (1) GB1500550A (it)
IT (1) IT1039805B (it)
NL (1) NL166102C (it)
SE (1) SE419117B (it)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4250718A (en) * 1979-09-04 1981-02-17 Brantley Ralph H Ice maker conversion apparatus and method
US20080232962A1 (en) * 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 Agrawal Giridhari L Turbomachine and method for assembly thereof using a split housing design
US20110076201A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-03-31 Joseph Cruickshank Overhung Axial Flow Compressor, Reactor and Method
US20120257997A1 (en) * 2011-04-05 2012-10-11 Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd. Air Compressor
US20140356145A1 (en) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-04 Cameron International Corporation Centrifugal compressor having seal system
WO2016174375A1 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur Compresseur électrique avec système d'étanchéité dynamique amélioré
WO2016174376A1 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur Compresseur électrique avec système d'étanchéité dynamique améliore

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1528258A1 (de) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-04 Punker GmbH & Co. Radialgebläse für einen Gasbrenner

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US849115A (en) * 1900-10-13 1907-04-02 France Packing Company Rod-packing.
US980594A (en) * 1910-05-25 1911-01-03 Johns H V Manville Co Metallic packing.
US2049774A (en) * 1934-12-12 1936-08-04 Ingersoll Rand Co Sealing device
US3085808A (en) * 1960-05-17 1963-04-16 Worthington Corp Mechanical seal with controlled leakage
US3333855A (en) * 1964-09-22 1967-08-01 Gits Bros Mfg Co Floating controlled gap seal
US3680973A (en) * 1970-06-08 1972-08-01 Carrier Corp Compressor power recovery
US3717418A (en) * 1970-06-08 1973-02-20 Carrier Corp Compressor barrel assembly
US3748065A (en) * 1970-06-08 1973-07-24 K Pilarczyk Gas compressor construction
US3809493A (en) * 1970-06-08 1974-05-07 Carrier Corp Interchangeable compressor drive

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD49302A (it) *
DE1031467B (de) * 1954-01-30 1958-06-04 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Einrichtung an Kreiselgeblaesen, um das Heraussaugen von OEl aus dem saugseitigen Wellenlagerraum zu verhindern
US3506375A (en) * 1968-07-31 1970-04-14 Carrier Corp Compressor sealing system

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US849115A (en) * 1900-10-13 1907-04-02 France Packing Company Rod-packing.
US980594A (en) * 1910-05-25 1911-01-03 Johns H V Manville Co Metallic packing.
US2049774A (en) * 1934-12-12 1936-08-04 Ingersoll Rand Co Sealing device
US3085808A (en) * 1960-05-17 1963-04-16 Worthington Corp Mechanical seal with controlled leakage
US3333855A (en) * 1964-09-22 1967-08-01 Gits Bros Mfg Co Floating controlled gap seal
US3680973A (en) * 1970-06-08 1972-08-01 Carrier Corp Compressor power recovery
US3717418A (en) * 1970-06-08 1973-02-20 Carrier Corp Compressor barrel assembly
US3748065A (en) * 1970-06-08 1973-07-24 K Pilarczyk Gas compressor construction
US3809493A (en) * 1970-06-08 1974-05-07 Carrier Corp Interchangeable compressor drive

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4250718A (en) * 1979-09-04 1981-02-17 Brantley Ralph H Ice maker conversion apparatus and method
US20080232962A1 (en) * 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 Agrawal Giridhari L Turbomachine and method for assembly thereof using a split housing design
US20110076201A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-03-31 Joseph Cruickshank Overhung Axial Flow Compressor, Reactor and Method
CN102032201A (zh) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-27 诺沃皮尼奥内有限公司 悬臂轴向流动式压缩机、反应器和方法
US8361407B2 (en) * 2009-09-30 2013-01-29 Nuovo Pignone S.P.A. Overhung axial flow compressor, reactor and method
CN102032201B (zh) * 2009-09-30 2015-06-03 诺沃皮尼奥内有限公司 悬臂轴向流动式压缩机、反应器和方法
US9506469B2 (en) * 2011-04-05 2016-11-29 Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd. Vented motor seal for a compressor
US20120257997A1 (en) * 2011-04-05 2012-10-11 Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co., Ltd. Air Compressor
US20140356145A1 (en) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-04 Cameron International Corporation Centrifugal compressor having seal system
US9670935B2 (en) * 2013-05-30 2017-06-06 Ingersoll-Rand Company Centrifugal compressor having seal system
WO2016174375A1 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur Compresseur électrique avec système d'étanchéité dynamique amélioré
FR3035686A1 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-04 Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur Compresseur electrique avec systeme d'etancheite dynamqiue ameliore
FR3035688A1 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-04 Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur Compresseur electrique avec systeme d'etancheite dynamique ameliore
FR3035685A1 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-04 Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur Compresseur electrique avec systeme d'etancheite dynamique ameliore
FR3035687A1 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-04 Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur Compresseur electrique avec systeme d'etancheite dynamique ameliore
WO2016174376A1 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur Compresseur électrique avec système d'étanchéité dynamique améliore

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1039805B (it) 1979-12-10
FR2284057B1 (it) 1978-03-17
FR2284057A1 (fr) 1976-04-02
NL166102B (nl) 1981-01-15
JPS5249166B2 (it) 1977-12-15
CH600163A5 (it) 1978-06-15
JPS5146413A (it) 1976-04-20
SE419117B (sv) 1981-07-13
NL7508237A (nl) 1976-03-09
GB1500550A (en) 1978-02-08
DE2539168A1 (de) 1976-03-18
NL166102C (nl) 1981-06-15
DE2539168C2 (de) 1982-05-13
SE7509835L (sv) 1976-03-08

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ELLIOTT TURBOMACHINERY CO., INC., A CORP OF DELAWA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. SUBJECT TO LICENSE RECITED.;ASSIGNOR:CARRIER CORPORATION, A CORP OF DEL.;REEL/FRAME:004499/0922

Effective date: 19851220

AS Assignment

Owner name: FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO, THE, ONE FIRST NAT

Free format text: LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:ELLIOT TURBOMACHINERY CO., INC.;REEL/FRAME:004940/0562

Effective date: 19871109

Owner name: FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO, THE,ILLINOIS

Free format text: LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:ELLIOT TURBOMACHINERY CO., INC.;REEL/FRAME:004940/0562

Effective date: 19871109

AS Assignment

Owner name: CONTINENTAL BANK N.A.

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ELLIOTT TURBOMACHINERY CO., INC.;REEL/FRAME:005258/0092

Effective date: 19891212