US3907983A - Pharmaceutical preparations - Google Patents

Pharmaceutical preparations Download PDF

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Publication number
US3907983A
US3907983A US438135*A US43813574A US3907983A US 3907983 A US3907983 A US 3907983A US 43813574 A US43813574 A US 43813574A US 3907983 A US3907983 A US 3907983A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
powder
hydrophilising
coated
active substance
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US438135*A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pyare Lal Seth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Hoffmann La Roche Inc
Original Assignee
F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by F Hoffmann La Roche AG filed Critical F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3907983A publication Critical patent/US3907983A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/167—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface
    • A61K9/1676—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface having a drug-free core with discrete complete coating layer containing drug
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2095—Tabletting processes; Dosage units made by direct compression of powders or specially processed granules, by eliminating solvents, by melt-extrusion, by injection molding, by 3D printing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
    • A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/5036—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums, alginate; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/5042—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. phthalate or acetate succinate esters of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    • A61K9/5047—Cellulose ethers containing no ester groups, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Definitions

  • the particles should either dissolve rapidly or be sufficiently wettable to be easily absorbed. In tablets which are manufactured by compression of granules, this does not generally occur since such tablets usually disintegrate initially into the granulate which then disintegrates, often very slowly, into the smaller particles. Since the individual particles of the pharmaceutically active substance are, in many cases poorly wcttable, the complete dissolution of the tablets or the pharmaceutically active substances is considerably delayed and in some cases never occurs.
  • Such a powder is also advantageous because it is freeflowing and is directly compressible to tablets without prior granulation procedures. This is advantageous since, upon dissolution, such tablets disintegrate di rectly into the individual pharmaceatically active material particles and do not disintegrate in two steps as mentioned above i.e. into the granulate which, in turn, disintegrated into the individual particles. Because of their free-flowing properties the powders of this invention can also be readily incorporated into capsules.
  • the present invention in one aspect is concerned with powders of pharmaceutically active substances in which the surface of the individual particles of the active substance is coated with a film of a hydrophilising material, as well as with a process for their manufacture.
  • the powders are water-wettable, free flowing and directly compressible into tablets.
  • the invention is also concerned with pharmaceutical preparations in a powdered form or in the form of tablets containing at least one pharmaceutically active substance in combination with conventional pharmaccutically acceptable tabletting adjuvants and/or excipients.
  • the active substance or mixtures of active substances and, if necessary, the conventional carriers and/or excipients are present in the form of individual particles the surface of which is covered with a film of a hydrophilising material.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable tabletting adjuvants and excipients are micro-crystalline cellulose. dextrose, lactose. sucrose.
  • mannitol glucose, sorbitol
  • lubricants such as calcium stearate, stearic acid or magnesium stearate as well as mixtures thereof, Talc, cornstarch etc. can be mixed with the lubricants.
  • Flavoring agents and coloring agents can also be used.
  • the coating of the surface of the individual particles can be carried out by spraying the particles with a solution of a hydrophilising material and subsequently drying the product. This can also be accomplished by suspending the particles in a solution of a hydrophilising material and subsequently drying the product.
  • the amount of hydrophilising material which must be applied to the surface of the particles in order to produce the desired effect depends largely on the nature of the particles to be hydrophilised as well as on the hydrophilising material. Generally, a sufficient amount should be present to insure that the particles are made sufficiently waterwettable so tablets made therefrom disintegrate at the desired rate and in the desired manner.
  • the amount required generally lies in the range of about 0.5 and 10% by weight based on the weight of the particles preferably between about 1 and 5% by weight and most preferred at about 2 to 3% by weight.
  • the amount required to meet the criteria desired can be determined by means of the following wettability test.
  • hydrophilising materials which can be used in the present invention are, for example. the following: polyvinylpyrrolidone (m.w. 15000-35000), cold-swellable and water-soluble starches, certain mucins such as gum arabic and the like in combination with wetting agents as well as water-soluble, pharmaceutical grade and low viscosity grade (i.e. from about 2 to about 15 cps) cellulose derivatives, especially methylcellulose or hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and the like.
  • a preferred hydrophilising material is available under the trade name Pharmacoat 603" (Shinetzu Chemical Company, Tokyo).
  • This cellulose derivative dissolves well in water and is also soluble in diverse organic solvents such as isopropanol, methylene chloride and the like. Furthermore, it has the ad vantage of an extremely low viscosity as a result of which relatively concentrated solutions possess good spraying characteristics.
  • Suitable solvents for the spraying of the hydrophilising material are especially those solvents in which the pharmaceutically active material to be hydrophilised is poorly soluble or insoluble. Since water fits these criteria it is the preferred solvent.
  • the amount of hydrophilising material in the solution to be sprayed can vary but generally lies at between about 2-l57( (weightlvolume), preferably at between about 3-1071 (weight- /volumc) and most preferably at between about 5-l07r (weight/volume). Of the useful compositions the 5-l0% (weight/volume) aqueous solutions of Pharmacoat 603 are especially preferred.
  • hydroxypropylmethylcellulose which is commercially
  • The-procedure by which the hydrophilising material is applied to the surface of the individual particles must be carried out in a manner which insures that the particles do not become agglomerated. Except for this limitation any method which provides for the coating of one substance using a solution of another substance can be used.
  • the particles to be hydrophilised are maintained in motion in a coating-drum by the rotation thereof.
  • a solution of the hydrophilising material in a suitable solvent isthen slowly and continuously sprayed into the drum.
  • care must be taken that the particles to be coated, do not become too damp since they would agglomerate and form a granulate.
  • the coated particles can be subsequently dried in the drum or, in the case of large batches, transferred to a fluidized-bed drier and dried therein. 7
  • the particles to be hydrophilised are placed in a fluidized-bed drier and maintained in motion by means of air, the input and output temperature of which is adjusted according to the solvent used.
  • a solution of the hydrophilising material in a suitable solvent is continuously sprayed into the drier at a rate which ensures that the particles to be coated do not become too damp and conglomerate This avoids formation of a granulate.
  • the coated particles can be dried directly by a further input of suitably pro-warmed
  • the individual particles coated with a hydrophilising material according to the previous methods form a powder which is free flowing and is directly compressib le tb tablets without prior granulation or other pre treatment.
  • Individual particles of all poorly wettable or waterins oluble pharmaceutically active substances can be coated with a hydrophilising material in accordance with the present invention.
  • This invention is particularly applicable to those pharmaceutically active substances which are administered in the form of tablets but is not limited thereto.
  • Examples of such pharmaceutically active substances amenable to treatment accordingto this invention are sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, phenacetin, acetylsalicylic acid, benzodiazepinesand the like.
  • EXAMPLE 2 300 g of Pharmacoat 603 dissolved in 2.7 liters of water are continuously sprayed by means of a spraygun for 20 minutes into a constant speed slowly rotating coating-drum of cm diameter containing 15 kg of sulfamethoxazole. The entire coating solution is sprayed into the drum which is left to rotate for 5 more minutes. Subsequently, the resulting slightly damp material is removed from the drum, sieved through a 0.5 mm sieve and dried for 0.5 hour in a fluidized-bed drier with an input temperature of 50C. There is thus ob tained a powder composed of individual particles of sulfamethoxazole which are free-flowing, directly compressible to tablets and coated with about 2% by weight of Pharmacoat 603.
  • EXAMPLE 3 15 kg of sulfamethoxazole are sieved through a 0.5 mm sieve and the powder obtained is added to a fluidized-bed drier having an input air temperature of 60C. The air is blown through the powder continuously until the temperature of the output air has reached 37C. A 7.5% (weight/volume) aqueous Solution of Pharmacoat 603 is then sprayed into the fluidized-bed drier at a rate such that a total amount of 4 kg of solution is sprayed during a period of 20 minutes. This causes the temperature of the output air to decrease to 26C. and then remain constant. After completion of the spraying, the material is dried for 15 minutes more in the apparatus, causing the temperature of the output air to rise to 30C. There is thus obtained a powder composed of individual particles of sulfamethoxazole which are free-flowing, directly compressible to tablets and which are coated with about 2% by weight of Pharmacoat 603.
  • EXAMPLE 4 In a manner analogous to that described in Example 1, Example 2 or Example 3, a powder composed of individual particles of trimethoprim which are freeflowing, directly compressible to tablets and coated with about 2% by weight of Pharmacoat 603.
  • EXAMPLE 5 7 EXAMPLE 6 g of finely powdered 5-(6-chlorophenyl)-l,3- dihydro-7-nitro-2H-l,4-ben2odiazepin-2-onc are suspended in a 5% aqueous solution of Pharmacoat 603 (prepared from g of Pharmacoat 603 and 380 ml of water). The aqueous suspension is then sprayed, by means of a spray-gun, onto 1 kg of lactose in a rotating coating-drum. The suspension is sprayed in such a manner that the lactose particles are uniformly coated and do not become too damp. The resulting product is dried at 40C.
  • a free-flowing water wettable powder which is directly compressible without prior granulation into rapidly absorbed tablets and which is composed of individ ual rapidly disintegrating particles of a pharmaceutically active substance spray-coated from aqueous solutions with from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of a hydrophilising material selected from the group consisting of methyleellulose. hydroxyethylmethyleellulose and hydroxypropylmcthylcellulose.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
US438135*A 1973-02-16 1974-01-30 Pharmaceutical preparations Expired - Lifetime US3907983A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH233173 1973-02-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3907983A true US3907983A (en) 1975-09-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US438135*A Expired - Lifetime US3907983A (en) 1973-02-16 1974-01-30 Pharmaceutical preparations

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3907983A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS49110820A (enExample)
AU (1) AU6401073A (enExample)
BE (1) BE811062A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2404609B2 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2218085B1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1465781A (enExample)
IL (1) IL43853A0 (enExample)
NL (1) NL7400298A (enExample)
ZA (1) ZA739543B (enExample)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4017598A (en) * 1974-04-27 1977-04-12 Shin-Etsu Chemical Company Limited Preparation of readily disintegrable tablets
US4252786A (en) * 1979-11-16 1981-02-24 E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. Controlled release tablet
US4291016A (en) * 1976-07-27 1981-09-22 Sandoz Ltd. Enteric coated mixture of 4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylamino-propoxy) indole and sodium lauryl sulphate
US4302440A (en) * 1980-07-31 1981-11-24 Sterling Drug Inc. Easily-swallowed, powder-free and gastric-disintegrable aspirin tablet thinly-coated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and aqueous spray-coating preparation thereof
US4508702A (en) * 1982-06-14 1985-04-02 Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Sustained release aspirin
US4555399A (en) * 1983-11-18 1985-11-26 Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aspirin tablet
US4634587A (en) * 1982-07-09 1987-01-06 Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Sustained release quinidine dosage form
US4684516A (en) * 1983-08-01 1987-08-04 Alra Laboratories, Inc. Sustained release tablets and method of making same
US4702919A (en) * 1984-10-09 1987-10-27 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Granules of thiamine salt and the production thereof
US4710519A (en) * 1985-09-30 1987-12-01 Basf Corporation Process for preparing spray dried acetaminophen powder and the powder prepared thereby
EP0190826A3 (en) * 1985-02-05 1988-03-09 Warner-Lambert Company Ingestible aggregate and delivery system incorporating the same
US4780318A (en) * 1984-01-10 1988-10-25 Lejus Medical Aktiebolag Oral pharmaceutical composition
US4790991A (en) * 1985-02-05 1988-12-13 Warner-Lambert Company Ingestible aggregate and delivery system prepared therefrom
US4818539A (en) * 1985-02-05 1989-04-04 Warner-Lambert Company Ingestible aggregate and delivery system prepared therefrom
US4837033A (en) * 1987-12-22 1989-06-06 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Method for the preparation of a coated solid medicament
US4843098A (en) * 1985-02-05 1989-06-27 Warner-Lambert Company Ingestible aggregate and delivery system prepared therefrom
US4851392A (en) * 1985-02-05 1989-07-25 Warner-Lambert Company Ingestible aggregate and delivery system prepared therefrom
US4868180A (en) * 1985-10-07 1989-09-19 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Vitamin-containing granules and production thereof
US5372998A (en) * 1992-03-23 1994-12-13 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Powdery material for preparing drug-coating solution
US5662922A (en) * 1992-01-20 1997-09-02 Christensen; Borge Holm Iron-containing composition for the prevention of anaemia and a method for producing the composition
US5780056A (en) * 1996-05-10 1998-07-14 Lion Corporation Microcapsules of the multi-core structure containing natural carotenoid
EP0861069A4 (en) * 1995-07-28 1999-01-20 Isp Investments Inc CO-TREATMENT METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FREE-FLOWING COMPROMISABLE POWDER AND TABLET PRODUCED THEREOF
US20070202182A1 (en) * 2006-02-26 2007-08-30 Kane Kevin M Preparing solid formulation of nanoparticles of pharmaceutical ingredient, including at least micron-sized particles
US20100034959A1 (en) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-11 Vector Corporation High solids, high molecular weight polymer coating

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4122157A (en) 1977-03-04 1978-10-24 Richardson-Merrell Inc. Nitrofurantoin sustained release tablet
JPS5668609A (en) 1979-11-07 1981-06-09 Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd Phthalazinol preparation
GB2155330B (en) * 1984-03-08 1988-01-27 Squibb & Sons Inc Solvent granulation technique for forming solid formulations of nystatin
ATE68695T1 (de) * 1984-12-14 1991-11-15 Gergely Gerhard Teilchen aus einer hydrophoben oder schwerloeslichen substanz und verfahren zu ihrer hydrophilisierung.
LU85943A1 (fr) * 1985-06-12 1987-01-13 Galephar Comprimes pharmaceutiques permettant l'administration aisee de pellets, leur preparation et leur utilisation
DK6492D0 (da) * 1992-01-20 1992-01-20 Boerge Holm Christensen Tilskudsfoder
AU4198793A (en) † 1992-07-24 1994-01-27 Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd. Microparticle preparation and production thereof

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2106566A1 (en) * 1970-09-16 1972-05-05 Merck & Co Inc Tabletting active materials - by compressing encapsulated particles

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1492034A1 (de) * 1965-05-18 1969-02-20 Merck Ag E Verfahren zur Herstellung fester haltbarer Zubereitungen von empfindlichen,in Wasser schwer loeslichen Wirkstoffen,vorzugsweise Arzneimitteln
AU1039170A (en) * 1969-02-24 1971-07-22 Abbott Laboratories Tableting medium

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2106566A1 (en) * 1970-09-16 1972-05-05 Merck & Co Inc Tabletting active materials - by compressing encapsulated particles

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Davies et al., J. Pharm. Sci. 61(4): 618-622 April 1972, "Batch Production of Pharmaceutical Granulations in a Fluidized Bed II. Effects of Various Binders and their Concentrations on Granulations and Compressed Tablets." *

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4017598A (en) * 1974-04-27 1977-04-12 Shin-Etsu Chemical Company Limited Preparation of readily disintegrable tablets
US4291016A (en) * 1976-07-27 1981-09-22 Sandoz Ltd. Enteric coated mixture of 4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylamino-propoxy) indole and sodium lauryl sulphate
US4252786A (en) * 1979-11-16 1981-02-24 E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. Controlled release tablet
US4302440A (en) * 1980-07-31 1981-11-24 Sterling Drug Inc. Easily-swallowed, powder-free and gastric-disintegrable aspirin tablet thinly-coated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and aqueous spray-coating preparation thereof
US4508702A (en) * 1982-06-14 1985-04-02 Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Sustained release aspirin
US4634587A (en) * 1982-07-09 1987-01-06 Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Sustained release quinidine dosage form
US4684516A (en) * 1983-08-01 1987-08-04 Alra Laboratories, Inc. Sustained release tablets and method of making same
US4555399A (en) * 1983-11-18 1985-11-26 Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aspirin tablet
US4780318A (en) * 1984-01-10 1988-10-25 Lejus Medical Aktiebolag Oral pharmaceutical composition
AU593223B2 (en) * 1984-10-09 1990-02-08 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Granules of thiamine salt and the production thereof
US4702919A (en) * 1984-10-09 1987-10-27 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Granules of thiamine salt and the production thereof
US4851392A (en) * 1985-02-05 1989-07-25 Warner-Lambert Company Ingestible aggregate and delivery system prepared therefrom
EP0190826A3 (en) * 1985-02-05 1988-03-09 Warner-Lambert Company Ingestible aggregate and delivery system incorporating the same
US4818539A (en) * 1985-02-05 1989-04-04 Warner-Lambert Company Ingestible aggregate and delivery system prepared therefrom
US4790991A (en) * 1985-02-05 1988-12-13 Warner-Lambert Company Ingestible aggregate and delivery system prepared therefrom
US4843098A (en) * 1985-02-05 1989-06-27 Warner-Lambert Company Ingestible aggregate and delivery system prepared therefrom
US4710519A (en) * 1985-09-30 1987-12-01 Basf Corporation Process for preparing spray dried acetaminophen powder and the powder prepared thereby
US4868180A (en) * 1985-10-07 1989-09-19 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Vitamin-containing granules and production thereof
US4837033A (en) * 1987-12-22 1989-06-06 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Method for the preparation of a coated solid medicament
US5662922A (en) * 1992-01-20 1997-09-02 Christensen; Borge Holm Iron-containing composition for the prevention of anaemia and a method for producing the composition
US5372998A (en) * 1992-03-23 1994-12-13 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Powdery material for preparing drug-coating solution
EP0861069A4 (en) * 1995-07-28 1999-01-20 Isp Investments Inc CO-TREATMENT METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FREE-FLOWING COMPROMISABLE POWDER AND TABLET PRODUCED THEREOF
US5780056A (en) * 1996-05-10 1998-07-14 Lion Corporation Microcapsules of the multi-core structure containing natural carotenoid
US20070202182A1 (en) * 2006-02-26 2007-08-30 Kane Kevin M Preparing solid formulation of nanoparticles of pharmaceutical ingredient, including at least micron-sized particles
US20100034959A1 (en) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-11 Vector Corporation High solids, high molecular weight polymer coating

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2218085A1 (enExample) 1974-09-13
DE2404609B2 (de) 1978-05-18
GB1465781A (en) 1977-03-02
JPS49110820A (enExample) 1974-10-22
BE811062A (fr) 1974-08-16
AU6401073A (en) 1975-07-03
NL7400298A (enExample) 1974-08-20
DE2404609A1 (de) 1974-09-05
FR2218085B1 (enExample) 1977-11-10
ZA739543B (en) 1975-03-26
IL43853A0 (en) 1974-03-14

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