US3907499A - Novel cotton fiber assemblies of increased absorbency and method - Google Patents

Novel cotton fiber assemblies of increased absorbency and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3907499A
US3907499A US372953A US37295373A US3907499A US 3907499 A US3907499 A US 3907499A US 372953 A US372953 A US 372953A US 37295373 A US37295373 A US 37295373A US 3907499 A US3907499 A US 3907499A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cotton
dried
never
fixed
fibers
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Expired - Lifetime
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US372953A
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Ingram
Brian W Jones
Anton Peterlin
Joel Lawson Williams
Donna Kimes Woods
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Cotton Inc
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Cotton Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Cotton Inc filed Critical Cotton Inc
Priority to US372953A priority Critical patent/US3907499A/en
Priority to CA202,926A priority patent/CA1019545A/en
Priority to IN1369/CAL/74A priority patent/IN139579B/en
Priority to BE145778A priority patent/BE816736A/xx
Priority to AU70357/74A priority patent/AU481390B2/en
Priority to CH851474A priority patent/CH565872A5/xx
Priority to NL7408488A priority patent/NL7408488A/xx
Priority to GB2794874A priority patent/GB1458079A/en
Priority to EG239/74A priority patent/EG11071A/xx
Priority to BR5163/74A priority patent/BR7405163A/pt
Priority to DE2430502A priority patent/DE2430502A1/de
Priority to JP49071930A priority patent/JPS5822589B2/ja
Priority to FR7422042A priority patent/FR2234409B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3907499A publication Critical patent/US3907499A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
    • D06M13/127—Mono-aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde; Monoketones
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
    • D06M13/41—Amides derived from unsaturated carboxylic acids, e.g. acrylamide

Definitions

  • ED FABRIC CONTROL FABRIC (NON-FIXED, H G 2 ONCE-DRIED) DIFFUSION CONSTANTS FOR WATER IN FIXED, NEVER-DRIED FABRICS AT 25 0 I0 2b 3'0 I60 CONC. (g/g H00) FIXED, NEVER-DRIED FABRIC CONTROL FABRIC (NON-FIXED,ONCE DRIED) 9 PERMEABILITY CONSTANTS FOR 5: WATER IN F
  • Cotton fiber assemblies or products such as towels and diapers have long been in demand due in part to their absorptive properties, and also in part due to their comfort and toughness qualities. Susceptibility to dyeing and other textile modifying treatments such as durable press has also contributed to the popularity of cotton products. The search has continued, however, for cotton fiber assemblies or products having increased absorbency, as well as increased toughness and increased susceptibility to dyeing and other textile modifying treatments. The present invention was made in this search.
  • Cotton fibers which have been carefully removed from the locks of a boll which has not been allowed to dry out are known to exhibit high internal mobility and be rather porous. For example, they can be stretched further than dried and re-wet fibers before breaking and reversal regions can be observed to spread out in the direction of stretch.
  • x-rays some have concluded generally that cotton in the never-dried botanical growth state is amorphous or at least as having only very low crystallinity, unless it is stretched prior to drying, although an opposite conclusion was reached by others from studying the effect of penetration and ac cessibility or from hydrolysis studies. See, for example, Berkley, E. F. and Kerr, T., Structure and Plasticity of Undried Cotton Fibres, Ind. Eng.
  • a major object of the present invention is to provide novel cotton fiber assemblies or products having increased absorbency.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide novel cotton fiber assemblies or products having improved toughness (ductility).
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide novel cotton fiber assemblies or products having improved susceptibility to various textile-modifying treatments.
  • Another object is to provide processes for producing such novel fiber assemblies or products.
  • a cotton fiber assembly having increased absorbency is produced, which assembly comprises cotton fibers fixed or stabilized in their never-dried botanical growth state and formed into a fiber or textile assembly or product.
  • a major aspect of the present invention is the discovery that assemblies of fixed, never-dried cotton fibers have increased absorbency, as well as improved permeability and diffusion characteristics, as compared with similar fiber assemblies formed from dried-cotton.
  • the fiber assemblies of the present invention can also exhibit improved toughness (ductility or elongation), and improved susceptibility to treatments with textile modifying agents such as creaseproofing agents.
  • FIG. 1 shows water sorption isotherms for fabric and yarn made from fixed, never-dried cotton fibers, and for fabric and yarn made from dried cotton fibers;
  • FIG. 2 shows diffusion constants for water in fabric made from fixed, never-dried cotton fibers, and in fabric made from dried cotton fibers;
  • FIG. 3 shows permeability constants for water in fabric made from fixed, neverdried cotton fibers, and in fabric made from dried cotton fibers;
  • FIG. 4 shows dyeing rates (direct blue) for fixed, never-dried cotton fibers and for dried cotton.
  • novel cotton fiber assemblies of the present invention are prepared or produced by a process including fixing the cotton fibers in their never-dried botanical growth state, and then forming the fixed cotton fibers into a fiber assembly.
  • cotton fibers in their never-dried botanical growth state includes those cotton fibers which have been removed from the locks of a cotton boll which has not been allowed to dry out to any significant extent, and which cotton fibers after removal have not been allowed to dry out to any significant extent. In other words, cotton fibers in their never-dried botanical growth state have retained substantially all of their original moisture content.
  • never-dried cotton fibers are found to be highly crystalline, and on either drying or stretching inter-fibrillar hydrogen bonding takes place irreversibly.
  • the never-dried cotton typically contains 100% more water than when once dried and re-wet.
  • never-dried cotton fiber typically has at least 50% more extension than cotton fiber once dried and re-wet.
  • Cotton fibers in their never-dried botanical growth state can typically be obtained by harvesting or otherwise procuring mature cotton bolls just prior to cracking. Prior to fixation, these unopened bolls should be kept completely wet, e.g., submerged in water.
  • the cotton fibers in their never-dried botanical growth state may be fixed under any conditions which result in the prevention of the irreversible formation of hydrogen bonds between the basic crystalline cellulosic elements composing the fiber, which hydrogen bonding would normally take place during the first fiber drying.
  • the never-dried cotton fibers are fixed by treating the never-dried fibers with at least one blocking agent.
  • blocking agent is used herein to define any chemical moiety which when deposited within the never-dried fiber would prevent the irreversible' formation of hydrogen bonding as indicated above.
  • These blocking agents can be further broken down into two classes: (1) permanent blocking agents and (2) temporary blocking agents. Nonlimiting exam ples of these materials are given under their respective headings below:
  • This class of blocking agents would include any compounds which are permanent because of reaction with the cellulose or physical entrapment within the cellulose fiber.
  • Formaldehyde, acrylamide, and dyes are preferred members of this class.
  • polymerizable compounds may be applicable to this process.
  • Such compounds can either be grafted directly to the cellulose or polymerized in situ to prevent irreversible hydrogen bond formation during the virgin drying of the cotton fiber.
  • Vinyl or vinylidine derivatives can be polymerized in situ or grafted directly to the fiber by a variety of conventional initiator techniques such as peroxides, redox systems, and radiation.
  • Non-limiting examples of such compounds include acrylics (e.g., acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methylacrylate, and ethylacrylate), methacrylics (methylmethacrylate, and ethylmethacrylate), dienes (butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene), and pyridines (2-vinyl pyridine and 4-vinyl pyridine). Condensation type polymers may also be used in a similar fashion as the vinyl or vinylidine derivatives.
  • Non-limiting examples of these compounds include precursors for making polyesters (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate), polyesteramides (e.g., nylon 6,6), polyurethanes, silicones, polyethers, aminoplasts, and furan resins, to name a representative few. Deposition of these materials in fiber systems is per se well known in the textile finishing art.
  • Esterification reactions include carboxylation with acyl halides or anhydrides, phosphorylation (e.g., phosphoric acid and cyanamide), formation of esters of the halogen acid, and organic halides.
  • etherification would include reactions with methylolamide and its derivatives, epoxy, cyanuric 4 chloride, and 'vinyl sulfone groups. Such compounds have been used in the textile art and reaction conditions would be apparent to one skilled in the art in view of the present specification.
  • Dyes may be particularly amenable to the process of the present invention. That is, if the cotton fiber is dyed in the never-dried state the process of dyeing may also become the process of fiber fixation, i.e., the dye not only imparts color to the fiber but the dye itself prevents the normal irreversible hydrogen bond formation which takes place during the drying of the virgin fiber.
  • the different classes of dyes are well known to dye chemists. Examples include anthraquinone derivatives, naphthalene derivatives, and other multi-ring compounds containing functional groups which will either react with thehydroxyl groups in cellulose or form strong secondary bonds.
  • Permanent blocking agents may include insoluble inorganic salts and oxides deposited by double decomposition.
  • Organic materials which are insoluble in water but soluble in suitable solvent may be deposited by solvent exchange techniques, e.g., paraffin wax.
  • the never-dried cotton fibers are fixed by treating the never-dried fibers with at least one of the abovedescribed blocking agents. Throughout deposition and fixation, the never-dried fibers should be maintained in its never-dried state.
  • the blocking agents may be applied in aqueous solution in which the neverdried fibers are immersed.
  • Deposition and/or reaction of blocking or fixation agents within the never-dried cotton is typically diffusion controlled, making lower molecular weight blocking agents more favorable in terms of practical treatment times.
  • blocking agents with molecular weights ranging from 10 to 100,000 gmw may work.
  • a more preferred range of molecularweights wouldbe from 30 to 2,000 gmw.
  • Optimum conditions of pH for the various types of reaction may be determined by one skilled in the art in view of the present specification. Any pH between 2 and 12 would typically not be detrimental to fiber properites, but a range of pH of between about 3 and 8 may be preferred. Similar considerations apply to fixation reaction time and temperatures. Suitable temperatures may range from between about 0 and 100C, preferably from about 20 to about C.
  • the amount of blocking or fixation agent deposited may be between about 0.1 and 100% by weight of dry fibrous material, with a preferred range between about 0.1 and It is recognized that the maximum extent of deposition possible for many of the blocking agents may be only a few percent. In such cases an amount near 0.1% by weight may suffice.
  • cotton fibers are typically washed to remove any excess chemicals and dried and thereafter ginned.
  • One or more ginnings may be used to obtain the desired fiber lengths.
  • the fixed cotton fibers may then be formed into any fiber assembly, and particularly those fiber assemblies where absorbency is a significant consideration from a use standpoint.
  • Such cotton fibers may be made into yarn and then formed into woven or non-woven or knitted fabrics.
  • Cotton fibers may also be formed into webs or battings for use in disposable diapers and the like.
  • typical applications may include drying towels, sweatshirts, diapers, sanitary napkins and blotting paper, to name a representative few; other applications would be apparent to one skilled in the art in view of the present specification.
  • the fixed never-dried cotton fibers or fiber assemblies are particularly susceptible to treatments with textile modifying agents such as creaseproofing agents (e.g., methylolated 'melamines, dimethyloldihydrox' yethylene urea), soil release agents, dyes, flame retardants,mercerization c'ompounds,'water repellants and fabric softeners.
  • textile modifying agents such as creaseproofing agents (e.g., methylolated 'melamines, dimethyloldihydrox' yethylene urea), soil release agents, dyes, flame retardants,mercerization c'ompounds,'water repellants and fabric softeners.
  • creaseproofing agents e.g., methylolated 'melamines, dimethyloldihydrox' yethylene urea
  • soil release agents e.g., methylolated 'melamines, dimethyloldihydrox' yethylene urea
  • dyes e.g
  • EXAMPLE II A 100 mg sample was removed from an unopened cotton boll as described in Example I. This sample was placed in an aqueous solution containing 500 mg acrylamide and 10 mls of a 5% aqueous solutionof CuCl and bubbled with purified nitrogen for 30 minutes. The sample ampoule was then sealed and irradiated at 25C in a cobalt 60 gamma source to a dose of 0.145 megarads at a dose rate of 0.05 megarads per hour. Following irradiation, the fixed never-dried sample was thoroughly extracted with water and dried.
  • Both the control and fixed cotton fibers were assembled into fabric form. Before fabric preparation, both samples were ginned to separate the fibers from their seeds. An l8s cotton yarn was then spun from each of the control and fixed cotton fibers for weaving into a fabric construction. The respective samples were carried through yarn formation and then fabricated into a 16 inch width fabric. Before weaving each sample was sized using earboxymethyl cellulose which was removed by washing after weaving.
  • FIG. 1 Several sets of absorption isotherms are plotted in FIG. 1 for the control yarn and fabric and for the fixed never-dried yarn and fabric. Clearly, the fixed materials are seen to absorb more water than the control fabric. The corresponding diffusion and permeability constants for each of the fabrics are given in FIGS. 2 and 3. Here it can be seen that the overall permeability constant is about higher in the case of the fabric made from fixed never-dried fibers.
  • control dried cotton fibers and the fixed never-dried cotton fibers (0.25% bound formaldehyde content) used in the preparation of the fabrics are shown in the following table.
  • the transport (water) properties of fixed never-dried cotton fiber,- yarn and fabric show that improved sorptive properties are obtained with respect to control fibers, fabrics and yarn of ordinary dried cotton fiber.
  • EXAMPLE 1V Dye runs were carried out using a blue direct dye (Amanil Skyblue FF) on the never-dried cotton fibers, the fixed never-dried cotton fibers and the control, once dried fibers discussed in Example 111. Results are summarized in FIG. 4 which shows the dyeing rates for fixed, never-dried cotton fibers and for once dried cot ton fibers. As may be seen from FIG. 4, the dyeing rates for the never-dried and fixed never-dried samples are approximately the same. The actual increase in dyeing rate over the control dried cotton fibers is about 37%.
  • a process for producing a cotton fiber assembly having increased absorbency comprises A. stabilizing cotton fibers in their never-dried botanical growth state by treating the never-dried fibers with at least one blocking agent and B. forming the stabilized cotton fibers into a fiber assembly.
  • blocking agent is selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, acrylamide, and dyes.
  • a process according to claim 1 wherein formation of the fiber assembly includes forming yarn from the fixed cotton fibers, and weaving fabric from the yarn.
  • the textile modifying agent isselected from the group consisting of creaseproofing agents, soil-release agents, dyes, flame retardants, mercerization compounds, waterrepellants and fabric softeners.
  • a cotton fiber assembly having increased absorbency which assembly comprises cotton fibers stabilized in their never-dried botanical growth state by having at least one blocking agent deposited therewithin and formed into an assembly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
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US372953A 1973-06-25 1973-06-25 Novel cotton fiber assemblies of increased absorbency and method Expired - Lifetime US3907499A (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US372953A US3907499A (en) 1973-06-25 1973-06-25 Novel cotton fiber assemblies of increased absorbency and method
CA202,926A CA1019545A (en) 1973-06-25 1974-06-20 Cotton fiber assemblies of increased absorbency
IN1369/CAL/74A IN139579B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-25 1974-06-20
AU70357/74A AU481390B2 (en) 1973-06-25 1974-06-21 Novel cotton fiber assemblies of increased absorbency and method
CH851474A CH565872A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-25 1974-06-21
BE145778A BE816736A (fr) 1973-06-25 1974-06-21 Nouveaux produits manufactures en fibres de coton ayant davantage de pouvoir absorbant
NL7408488A NL7408488A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24
GB2794874A GB1458079A (en) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24 Cotton fibre assemblies of increased absorbency
EG239/74A EG11071A (en) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24 Novel cotton fiber assemblies of increased absorbency
BR5163/74A BR7405163A (pt) 1973-06-25 1974-06-24 Processo para a producao de um conjunto de fibras de algodao e conjunto de fibras de algodao produzido pelo mesmo
DE2430502A DE2430502A1 (de) 1973-06-25 1974-06-25 Baumwoll-faserverbindung mit gesteigerter saugfaehigkeit
JP49071930A JPS5822589B2 (ja) 1973-06-25 1974-06-25 キユウシツセイノ ゾウダイシタ シンキモメンセンイアセンブリ−
FR7422042A FR2234409B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-25 1974-06-25

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US (1) US3907499A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5822589B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE816736A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7405163A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1019545A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH565872A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2430502A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EG (1) EG11071A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2234409B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1458079A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IN (1) IN139579B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7408488A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4182735A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-01-08 International Paper Company Production of high crimp, high strength, hollow rayon fibers
US4242411A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-12-30 International Paper Company High crimp, high strength, hollow rayon fibers
US4294731A (en) * 1979-05-17 1981-10-13 Akzona Incorporated Method for drying absorbent modified cellulosic polymers and the like
US20040068802A1 (en) * 2002-06-17 2004-04-15 Miller Larry Eugene Methods for improving dimensional stability and/or durable press properties of elastic fabrics and elastic fabrics with improved properties
CN103422340A (zh) * 2013-08-19 2013-12-04 南通市通州区益君劳务有限公司 一种吸水柔软面料的生产整理工艺
US11098444B2 (en) 2016-01-07 2021-08-24 Tommie Copper Ip, Inc. Cotton performance products and methods of their manufacture

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55146224U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1979-04-07 1980-10-21

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3177143A (en) * 1959-05-25 1965-04-06 Exxon Research Engineering Co Emulsion for the conditioning of raw cotton fibers
US3776844A (en) * 1971-03-05 1973-12-04 J Nayfa Composition and method for treating fibrous material

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3177143A (en) * 1959-05-25 1965-04-06 Exxon Research Engineering Co Emulsion for the conditioning of raw cotton fibers
US3776844A (en) * 1971-03-05 1973-12-04 J Nayfa Composition and method for treating fibrous material

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4182735A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-01-08 International Paper Company Production of high crimp, high strength, hollow rayon fibers
US4242411A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-12-30 International Paper Company High crimp, high strength, hollow rayon fibers
US4294731A (en) * 1979-05-17 1981-10-13 Akzona Incorporated Method for drying absorbent modified cellulosic polymers and the like
US20040068802A1 (en) * 2002-06-17 2004-04-15 Miller Larry Eugene Methods for improving dimensional stability and/or durable press properties of elastic fabrics and elastic fabrics with improved properties
CN103422340A (zh) * 2013-08-19 2013-12-04 南通市通州区益君劳务有限公司 一种吸水柔软面料的生产整理工艺
US11098444B2 (en) 2016-01-07 2021-08-24 Tommie Copper Ip, Inc. Cotton performance products and methods of their manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH565872A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-08-29
JPS5822589B2 (ja) 1983-05-10
BE816736A (fr) 1974-10-16
EG11071A (en) 1976-11-30
FR2234409B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-01-13
BR7405163A (pt) 1976-02-24
FR2234409A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-17
IN139579B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-07-03
GB1458079A (en) 1976-12-08
AU7035774A (en) 1976-01-08
CA1019545A (en) 1977-10-25
DE2430502A1 (de) 1975-01-30
JPS5036794A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-04-07
NL7408488A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-30

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