US3906677A - Grinding of gear teeth - Google Patents

Grinding of gear teeth Download PDF

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Publication number
US3906677A
US3906677A US395129A US39512973A US3906677A US 3906677 A US3906677 A US 3906677A US 395129 A US395129 A US 395129A US 39512973 A US39512973 A US 39512973A US 3906677 A US3906677 A US 3906677A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
feed
tooth
grinding
workpiece
grinding wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US395129A
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English (en)
Inventor
Erwin J Gunter
Gerd R Sommer
Albert L Friedery
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maag Gear Wheel and Machine Co Ltd
Maag Zahnrader und Maschinen AG
Original Assignee
Maag Zahnrader und Maschinen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maag Zahnrader und Maschinen AG filed Critical Maag Zahnrader und Maschinen AG
Priority to US05/575,629 priority Critical patent/US3986305A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3906677A publication Critical patent/US3906677A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F19/002—Modifying the theoretical tooth flank form, e.g. crowning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/12—Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
    • B23F5/02—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding
    • B23F5/06—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding the tool being a grinding disc with a plane front surface

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT For grinding the flanks of gear teeth to modify an involute tooth profile determined by the generating 3 7 9 l ,9 72 I 5 W9 S3 0 N .mL 0. mp FA 1] 1 22 [.l.
  • the tooth flank area is associated with a system of co-ordinates and a grinding programme is employed that'specifies grinding feed in terms of the co-ordinates.
  • feed corrections are applied at those points to obtain the programmed prothe.
  • incremental feed corrections are obtained to give a smoother change of profile.
  • the invention relates to the grinding of the flanks of gear teeth, more particularly, but not exclusively, on cylindrical gearwheels, by means of at least one grinding wheel, in which feed motions between the workpiece and the grinding wheel are superimposed upon a normal generating motion between the workpiece and the grinding wheel and in a direction transverse to the surface or flank of a tooth being ground in order to vary the theoretical involute form of the tooth flanks in zones radially along the tooth profile and/or axially the tooth length.
  • axial motion of the grinding wheel or wheels can be controlled, for example, by a known arrangement of profile and longitudinal correcting template which act on a double lever system (US. Pat. No. 3,044,221).
  • profile correction generally in the form of a tooth tip and/or tooth root reduction
  • the aforementioned specification also describes how the profile can be modified at different axial zones to give a reduction of thickness at the ends of the teeth. An oval contact pattern therefore obtains in contact with the tooth flanks of a mating wheel when such gearwheels are paired.
  • a device for grinding the flanks of gear teeth on a Workpiece by means of at least one grinding wheel wherein a generating motion between the workpiece and said wheel adapted to give the gear teeth involute profile is modified by the superimposition of relative feed displacements between said workpiece and wheel in a direction transverse to the flank of a gear tooth being ground, the area of said flank being related to a system of co-ordinates and a program for relative feed positions between said workpiece and wheel giving said modified profile being stored in terms of said coordinates, said program being employed to provide feed motions for said modification of the gear tooth involute profile.
  • the instantaneous relative feed position of said grinding wheel and the workpiece is interrogated at predetermined points in the travel of the wheel relative to the tooth flank and said modifying feed motions are applied at said points by comparison of the measured and programmed feed position values.
  • the interrogation may employ position transducers which may be absolute or incremental transducers.
  • Apparatus for performing the invention may comprise position transducers responsive to relative movement between the workpiece and said grinding wheel in the grinding operation to provide a measure of the relative feed positions between said grinding wheel and tooth flank, a program control unit receiving an input from said transducers and having means for comparison of said input with a feed position program, and an output providing correcting displacements for said relative feed positions in accordance with the predetermined program to modify the gear tooth involute profile.
  • the co-ordinate network may be selected as required independently in both directions either with a narrow or a wide mesh and it is possible to arrange that all values fed into the system can be quickly changed.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a tooth flank grinding machine for spur gears, provided with means (shown in respect of one only of the two grinding wheels) for modification of the profile of a tooth flank being ground,
  • FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram of the electronic store and control apparatus of said profile modifying means
  • FIG. 3 shows a gear tooth with involute flanks and an x-y system of co-ordinates for said flanks, the z axis representing the direction of grinding wheel feed, and
  • FIG. 4 shows the same gear tooth but with the tooth profile varying also along the tooth length, the variations being shown in a greatly exaggerated form.
  • a bed 1 has slidably mounted on it a carriage 2 for generating motion longitudinally of the gear teeth of a workpiece, shown as a spur gear 4 supported on a cross-carriage 3.
  • the cross-carriage 3 is slidably mounted on the carriage 2 to be displaceable transversely of the workpiece axis.
  • the workpiece is itself rotatably mounted on the cross-carriage and a pitch block 5 non-rotatably fixed to the workpiece is connected by opposed pairs of tension tapes 6 to a pitch block stand 7 clamped on the carriage 2.
  • the sliding displacement of the crosscarriage 3 on the carriage 2 thus causes the pitch block 5 and the workpiece 4 to rotate, so producing the gear generating motion of the workpiece.
  • the non-rotatable connection of the pitch block to the workpiece can be released for re-indexing when one pair of tooth flanks has been ground and a succeeding pair are to be worked upon.
  • the carriage 2 is reciprocated by a driving unit 8 which is combined with a rotary position transducer 80, the unit having an output pinion 9 meshing with a toothed rack 10 of the carriage 2. In this way are obtained axial displacements of the workpiece.
  • the crosscarriage 3 is reciprocated, to produce the generating motion of the workpiece 4, by means of a driving unit 11 via a crank 12 engaging a sliding block 13 located in a guide 14 secured to the cross-carriage 3.
  • FIG. 1 shows the means for said displacement only for the grinding wheel 15, which grinds the left-hand tooth flanks, but corresponding means are disposed symmetrically thereto in the machine for the grinding wheel 16 which grinds the right-hand tooth flanks.
  • Each grinding wheel is mounted on its own shaft that terminates at the end remote from the wheel in a shaft collar 18 and a compression spring 19 between said collar and the shaft being in the grinding wheel support urges each grinding wheel towards an axial end position.
  • Acting in the opposite direction to said spring, and thus defining the axial position of the grinding wheel is a roller 20 supported on a lever 21 which in turn isjournalled on a pivot 22 fixedly Connected to the grinding wheel support 17.
  • the lever 21 is provided with a further roller 23 which engages a disc cam 24 rotatable by a stepping motor 25 which thus controls the axial position of the grinding wheel 15.
  • a stepping motor 26 is provided for correspondingly controlling the position of the grinding wheel 16.
  • the compression spring 19 provides the force that maintains the follower roller 23 in contact with the disc cam 24.
  • a further rotary position transducer 27 is associated with the driving unit 11 to be responsive to the generating motion whereby it monitors the displacement of the generating cross-carriage 3 and also the instantaneous generating position of the tooth flanks of the workpiece 4 with respect to the grinding wheels 15 and 16.
  • Rotary position transducers 28 and 29 are associated with the respective stepping motors 25 and 26 to function as position monitoring means for the grinding wheel feed. Stepping motors 25 and 26 as well as the rotary position transducers 8, 27, 28 and 29 are electrically connected to an electronic store and control unit 30.
  • the store and control unit comprises an input unit 31 with a keyboard 32 for feeding in the data through an electronic operating store 33.
  • a central computer unit 34 and an interpolator 35 are connected to the said operating store.
  • the said interpolar is followed by an output stage 36.
  • the unit 30 also includes display devices 37, 38 and 39 for .r and y and z co-ordinates, and a program selector switch 40.
  • the tooth flank area is associated with a two-dimensional system ofx, y co-ordinates (FIG. 3) which divides it into a plurality of zones 41.
  • Each zone is characterised by a pair of values x,-, y; which is associated with a given wheel feed position.
  • unit increments along the y axis are not uniform with respect to tooth height or radial position but are instead in a linear relationship to the involute generating displacement.
  • the wheel feed values which correspond to movements in the direction of the z axis, are previously fed into the store and control unit by way of the input unit 31 or of the keyboard 32.
  • the feed values are interrogated in the store for instantaneous relative positions between each tooth flank and wheel as the grinding wheels 15 and 16 traverse over the tooth flanks in any desired direction.
  • the appropriate feed value is transferred from the store 33 into the central computer unit 34 where the value is compared with the indicated setting of the associated stepping motor 25 or 26 and is then supplied to the interpolator.
  • Differences revealed in this comparison give correcting feed values that are supplied via the output stage 36 to the associated stepping motor to rotate its disc cam 24 and thus cause the lever 21 to be pivoted by the roller 23 and axially displace the grinding wheel 15 or 16 by the movement of the roller 20 and the shaft collar 18, so producing a feed along the z axis of the system of coordinates.
  • This feed corresponds to the correction value for the zone concerned, which has been defined by the rotary transducer for the tooth longitudinal direction (x direction) and by the rotary transducer 27 for the tooth height direction as a linear function of the generating motion of the workpiece (y direction).
  • FIG. 4 shows a random tooth flank correction in greatly exaggerated form in which the tooth profile varies continuously along the tooth due to the abovedescribed grinding wheel feed control in the z direction.
  • the correcting displacements in the z direction should be transmitted to the stepping motors in steps which are as small as possible but very numerous. This is obtained by linear interpolation of an individual co-ordinate step as a difference of. for example. x to and/or x y to 139 by means of the intcrpolator 35, the amount of feed being divided into a plurality of equal increments which are transmitted in series to the feed system.
  • the keyboard 32 has been shown as one specific form of input for the store and control unit.
  • Clearly other known devices can be employed, e.g. a punched tape reader may be preferred for mass production or for identical grinding operations which are constantly repeated.
  • a drive element for axial displacement of the workpiece relative to the grinding wheel is associated with the position transducer for said relative movements longitudinally of the gear tooth and a drive element for the generating motion is associated with the position transducer for said relative movements in the direction of the height of the gear tooth.
  • a stepping motor provides the feed motion between the tooth flank and at least one grinding wheel.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein a position transducer is coupled to the stepping motor to provide a measure of actual feed position for comparison in the control unit with the programmed position.
  • At least one of the position transducers is constructed as a rotary transducer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
US395129A 1972-09-07 1973-09-07 Grinding of gear teeth Expired - Lifetime US3906677A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/575,629 US3986305A (en) 1972-09-07 1975-05-08 Method of grinding of gear teeth

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1313172A CH560570A5 (el) 1972-09-07 1972-09-07

Related Child Applications (1)

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US05/575,629 Division US3986305A (en) 1972-09-07 1975-05-08 Method of grinding of gear teeth

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US3906677A true US3906677A (en) 1975-09-23

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Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3906677A (el)
JP (1) JPS5853971B2 (el)
CH (1) CH560570A5 (el)
DE (1) DE2307493C3 (el)
FR (1) FR2208750B1 (el)
GB (1) GB1439817A (el)
IT (1) IT993883B (el)
SE (1) SE395632B (el)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4045917A (en) * 1974-12-13 1977-09-06 Carl Hurth Maschinen- Und Zahnradfabrik Gear grinding machine
US4126491A (en) * 1974-06-28 1978-11-21 Granges Oxelosund Jarnverk Ab Method and apparatus for producing metal blanks, in particular steel slabs, which at least in a predetermined surface area have substantially no defects
FR2405110A1 (fr) * 1977-10-04 1979-05-04 Reishauer Ag Procede de mise en oeuvre d'une machine d'usinage des roues dentees a commande desmodromique fonctionnant selon le procede de taille helicoidale en developpante, et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre
US4559919A (en) * 1983-12-15 1985-12-24 Anthony Kushigian Grinding wheel profiler
US4926102A (en) * 1987-06-24 1990-05-15 Fanuc Ltd. Involute interpolation method
US5014467A (en) * 1987-10-14 1991-05-14 Carl Hurth Maschinen- Und Zahnradfabrik Gmbh & Co. Method and machine for the discontinuous generating grinding with indexing
US20050266774A1 (en) * 2004-05-26 2005-12-01 The Gleason Works Variable rate method of machining gears
WO2014051665A1 (en) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-03 United Technologies Corporation Method of modifying gear profiles
CN105965102A (zh) * 2016-06-22 2016-09-28 安徽三山机械制造有限公司 一种实用型偏心齿轮加工设备

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57184623A (en) * 1981-05-01 1982-11-13 Koyo Jidoki Kk Central tooth surface grinding device of cross gear shaft sector gear for ball nut type steering unit
CH660462A5 (de) * 1981-09-14 1987-04-30 Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag Waelzverfahren zur spangebenden bearbeitung evolventenfoermiger zahnflanken mit profil- und laengskorrekturen.
CH665583A5 (de) * 1983-07-08 1988-05-31 Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag Verfahren zum steuern der hubbewegung einer im teilwaelzverfahren arbeitenden zahnflankenschleifmaschine.
JPS60127430U (ja) * 1984-02-04 1985-08-27 三菱重工業株式会社 内燃機関の指圧器弁保温構造
CH664717A5 (de) * 1984-11-03 1988-03-31 Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung evolventenfoermiger zahnflanken.
JPH01147172U (el) * 1989-03-16 1989-10-11
KR101398834B1 (ko) * 2006-09-19 2014-05-27 더 글리슨 웍스 디퓨즈 표면 구조를 생성하도록 베벨 기어를 다듬질가공하는 방법
DE102009030376B4 (de) 2009-06-25 2015-01-22 Stoyan Radev Präzisionsschleifmaschine zur Bearbeitung von gerad- und schrägverzahnten Stirnrädern
EP2314404B1 (de) * 2009-10-22 2012-06-20 Klingelnberg AG Verfahren zur Hart-Feinbearbeitung der Zahnflanken eines Zahnrades
DE102010026412A1 (de) * 2010-07-07 2012-01-12 Stoyan Radev Verfahren zur Fertigung periodischer Zahnflankenmodifikationen, Werkzeugmaschine und computerlesbares Medium
CN113319733B (zh) * 2021-06-30 2022-05-20 大连理工大学 一种高精度齿轮渐开线样板研磨装置及应用

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3044221A (en) * 1957-12-06 1962-07-17 Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag Gear grinding machine
US3691357A (en) * 1970-09-21 1972-09-12 Litton Industries Inc Positioning control system having memory for a machine tool

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3044221A (en) * 1957-12-06 1962-07-17 Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag Gear grinding machine
US3691357A (en) * 1970-09-21 1972-09-12 Litton Industries Inc Positioning control system having memory for a machine tool

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4126491A (en) * 1974-06-28 1978-11-21 Granges Oxelosund Jarnverk Ab Method and apparatus for producing metal blanks, in particular steel slabs, which at least in a predetermined surface area have substantially no defects
US4045917A (en) * 1974-12-13 1977-09-06 Carl Hurth Maschinen- Und Zahnradfabrik Gear grinding machine
FR2405110A1 (fr) * 1977-10-04 1979-05-04 Reishauer Ag Procede de mise en oeuvre d'une machine d'usinage des roues dentees a commande desmodromique fonctionnant selon le procede de taille helicoidale en developpante, et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre
US4195446A (en) * 1977-10-04 1980-04-01 Reishauer Ag Apparatus for the control of a tool in a gear processing machine
US4559919A (en) * 1983-12-15 1985-12-24 Anthony Kushigian Grinding wheel profiler
US4926102A (en) * 1987-06-24 1990-05-15 Fanuc Ltd. Involute interpolation method
US5014467A (en) * 1987-10-14 1991-05-14 Carl Hurth Maschinen- Und Zahnradfabrik Gmbh & Co. Method and machine for the discontinuous generating grinding with indexing
US20050266774A1 (en) * 2004-05-26 2005-12-01 The Gleason Works Variable rate method of machining gears
US7682222B2 (en) * 2004-05-26 2010-03-23 The Gleason Works Variable rate method of machining gears
WO2014051665A1 (en) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-03 United Technologies Corporation Method of modifying gear profiles
US9855615B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2018-01-02 United Technologies Corporation Method of modifying gear profiles
CN105965102A (zh) * 2016-06-22 2016-09-28 安徽三山机械制造有限公司 一种实用型偏心齿轮加工设备
CN105965102B (zh) * 2016-06-22 2018-02-09 安徽三山机械制造有限公司 一种实用型偏心齿轮加工设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE395632B (sv) 1977-08-22
CH560570A5 (el) 1975-04-15
DE2307493C3 (de) 1975-04-30
FR2208750B1 (el) 1976-11-12
JPS4964996A (el) 1974-06-24
DE2307493B2 (de) 1974-09-05
IT993883B (it) 1975-09-30
DE2307493A1 (de) 1974-03-21
FR2208750A1 (el) 1974-06-28
JPS5853971B2 (ja) 1983-12-02
GB1439817A (en) 1976-06-16

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