US3906677A - Grinding of gear teeth - Google Patents
Grinding of gear teeth Download PDFInfo
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- US3906677A US3906677A US395129A US39512973A US3906677A US 3906677 A US3906677 A US 3906677A US 395129 A US395129 A US 395129A US 39512973 A US39512973 A US 39512973A US 3906677 A US3906677 A US 3906677A
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F19/002—Modifying the theoretical tooth flank form, e.g. crowning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
- B23F23/12—Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
- B23F5/02—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding
- B23F5/06—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding the tool being a grinding disc with a plane front surface
Definitions
- ABSTRACT For grinding the flanks of gear teeth to modify an involute tooth profile determined by the generating 3 7 9 l ,9 72 I 5 W9 S3 0 N .mL 0. mp FA 1] 1 22 [.l.
- the tooth flank area is associated with a system of co-ordinates and a grinding programme is employed that'specifies grinding feed in terms of the co-ordinates.
- feed corrections are applied at those points to obtain the programmed prothe.
- incremental feed corrections are obtained to give a smoother change of profile.
- the invention relates to the grinding of the flanks of gear teeth, more particularly, but not exclusively, on cylindrical gearwheels, by means of at least one grinding wheel, in which feed motions between the workpiece and the grinding wheel are superimposed upon a normal generating motion between the workpiece and the grinding wheel and in a direction transverse to the surface or flank of a tooth being ground in order to vary the theoretical involute form of the tooth flanks in zones radially along the tooth profile and/or axially the tooth length.
- axial motion of the grinding wheel or wheels can be controlled, for example, by a known arrangement of profile and longitudinal correcting template which act on a double lever system (US. Pat. No. 3,044,221).
- profile correction generally in the form of a tooth tip and/or tooth root reduction
- the aforementioned specification also describes how the profile can be modified at different axial zones to give a reduction of thickness at the ends of the teeth. An oval contact pattern therefore obtains in contact with the tooth flanks of a mating wheel when such gearwheels are paired.
- a device for grinding the flanks of gear teeth on a Workpiece by means of at least one grinding wheel wherein a generating motion between the workpiece and said wheel adapted to give the gear teeth involute profile is modified by the superimposition of relative feed displacements between said workpiece and wheel in a direction transverse to the flank of a gear tooth being ground, the area of said flank being related to a system of co-ordinates and a program for relative feed positions between said workpiece and wheel giving said modified profile being stored in terms of said coordinates, said program being employed to provide feed motions for said modification of the gear tooth involute profile.
- the instantaneous relative feed position of said grinding wheel and the workpiece is interrogated at predetermined points in the travel of the wheel relative to the tooth flank and said modifying feed motions are applied at said points by comparison of the measured and programmed feed position values.
- the interrogation may employ position transducers which may be absolute or incremental transducers.
- Apparatus for performing the invention may comprise position transducers responsive to relative movement between the workpiece and said grinding wheel in the grinding operation to provide a measure of the relative feed positions between said grinding wheel and tooth flank, a program control unit receiving an input from said transducers and having means for comparison of said input with a feed position program, and an output providing correcting displacements for said relative feed positions in accordance with the predetermined program to modify the gear tooth involute profile.
- the co-ordinate network may be selected as required independently in both directions either with a narrow or a wide mesh and it is possible to arrange that all values fed into the system can be quickly changed.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a tooth flank grinding machine for spur gears, provided with means (shown in respect of one only of the two grinding wheels) for modification of the profile of a tooth flank being ground,
- FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram of the electronic store and control apparatus of said profile modifying means
- FIG. 3 shows a gear tooth with involute flanks and an x-y system of co-ordinates for said flanks, the z axis representing the direction of grinding wheel feed, and
- FIG. 4 shows the same gear tooth but with the tooth profile varying also along the tooth length, the variations being shown in a greatly exaggerated form.
- a bed 1 has slidably mounted on it a carriage 2 for generating motion longitudinally of the gear teeth of a workpiece, shown as a spur gear 4 supported on a cross-carriage 3.
- the cross-carriage 3 is slidably mounted on the carriage 2 to be displaceable transversely of the workpiece axis.
- the workpiece is itself rotatably mounted on the cross-carriage and a pitch block 5 non-rotatably fixed to the workpiece is connected by opposed pairs of tension tapes 6 to a pitch block stand 7 clamped on the carriage 2.
- the sliding displacement of the crosscarriage 3 on the carriage 2 thus causes the pitch block 5 and the workpiece 4 to rotate, so producing the gear generating motion of the workpiece.
- the non-rotatable connection of the pitch block to the workpiece can be released for re-indexing when one pair of tooth flanks has been ground and a succeeding pair are to be worked upon.
- the carriage 2 is reciprocated by a driving unit 8 which is combined with a rotary position transducer 80, the unit having an output pinion 9 meshing with a toothed rack 10 of the carriage 2. In this way are obtained axial displacements of the workpiece.
- the crosscarriage 3 is reciprocated, to produce the generating motion of the workpiece 4, by means of a driving unit 11 via a crank 12 engaging a sliding block 13 located in a guide 14 secured to the cross-carriage 3.
- FIG. 1 shows the means for said displacement only for the grinding wheel 15, which grinds the left-hand tooth flanks, but corresponding means are disposed symmetrically thereto in the machine for the grinding wheel 16 which grinds the right-hand tooth flanks.
- Each grinding wheel is mounted on its own shaft that terminates at the end remote from the wheel in a shaft collar 18 and a compression spring 19 between said collar and the shaft being in the grinding wheel support urges each grinding wheel towards an axial end position.
- Acting in the opposite direction to said spring, and thus defining the axial position of the grinding wheel is a roller 20 supported on a lever 21 which in turn isjournalled on a pivot 22 fixedly Connected to the grinding wheel support 17.
- the lever 21 is provided with a further roller 23 which engages a disc cam 24 rotatable by a stepping motor 25 which thus controls the axial position of the grinding wheel 15.
- a stepping motor 26 is provided for correspondingly controlling the position of the grinding wheel 16.
- the compression spring 19 provides the force that maintains the follower roller 23 in contact with the disc cam 24.
- a further rotary position transducer 27 is associated with the driving unit 11 to be responsive to the generating motion whereby it monitors the displacement of the generating cross-carriage 3 and also the instantaneous generating position of the tooth flanks of the workpiece 4 with respect to the grinding wheels 15 and 16.
- Rotary position transducers 28 and 29 are associated with the respective stepping motors 25 and 26 to function as position monitoring means for the grinding wheel feed. Stepping motors 25 and 26 as well as the rotary position transducers 8, 27, 28 and 29 are electrically connected to an electronic store and control unit 30.
- the store and control unit comprises an input unit 31 with a keyboard 32 for feeding in the data through an electronic operating store 33.
- a central computer unit 34 and an interpolator 35 are connected to the said operating store.
- the said interpolar is followed by an output stage 36.
- the unit 30 also includes display devices 37, 38 and 39 for .r and y and z co-ordinates, and a program selector switch 40.
- the tooth flank area is associated with a two-dimensional system ofx, y co-ordinates (FIG. 3) which divides it into a plurality of zones 41.
- Each zone is characterised by a pair of values x,-, y; which is associated with a given wheel feed position.
- unit increments along the y axis are not uniform with respect to tooth height or radial position but are instead in a linear relationship to the involute generating displacement.
- the wheel feed values which correspond to movements in the direction of the z axis, are previously fed into the store and control unit by way of the input unit 31 or of the keyboard 32.
- the feed values are interrogated in the store for instantaneous relative positions between each tooth flank and wheel as the grinding wheels 15 and 16 traverse over the tooth flanks in any desired direction.
- the appropriate feed value is transferred from the store 33 into the central computer unit 34 where the value is compared with the indicated setting of the associated stepping motor 25 or 26 and is then supplied to the interpolator.
- Differences revealed in this comparison give correcting feed values that are supplied via the output stage 36 to the associated stepping motor to rotate its disc cam 24 and thus cause the lever 21 to be pivoted by the roller 23 and axially displace the grinding wheel 15 or 16 by the movement of the roller 20 and the shaft collar 18, so producing a feed along the z axis of the system of coordinates.
- This feed corresponds to the correction value for the zone concerned, which has been defined by the rotary transducer for the tooth longitudinal direction (x direction) and by the rotary transducer 27 for the tooth height direction as a linear function of the generating motion of the workpiece (y direction).
- FIG. 4 shows a random tooth flank correction in greatly exaggerated form in which the tooth profile varies continuously along the tooth due to the abovedescribed grinding wheel feed control in the z direction.
- the correcting displacements in the z direction should be transmitted to the stepping motors in steps which are as small as possible but very numerous. This is obtained by linear interpolation of an individual co-ordinate step as a difference of. for example. x to and/or x y to 139 by means of the intcrpolator 35, the amount of feed being divided into a plurality of equal increments which are transmitted in series to the feed system.
- the keyboard 32 has been shown as one specific form of input for the store and control unit.
- Clearly other known devices can be employed, e.g. a punched tape reader may be preferred for mass production or for identical grinding operations which are constantly repeated.
- a drive element for axial displacement of the workpiece relative to the grinding wheel is associated with the position transducer for said relative movements longitudinally of the gear tooth and a drive element for the generating motion is associated with the position transducer for said relative movements in the direction of the height of the gear tooth.
- a stepping motor provides the feed motion between the tooth flank and at least one grinding wheel.
- Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein a position transducer is coupled to the stepping motor to provide a measure of actual feed position for comparison in the control unit with the programmed position.
- At least one of the position transducers is constructed as a rotary transducer.
Abstract
For grinding the flanks of gear teeth to modify an involute tooth profile determined by the generating method of grinding, the tooth flank area is associated with a system of co-ordinates and a grinding programme is employed that specifies grinding feed in terms of the co-ordinates. By comparison of actual and programmed feed positions at instantaneous points in the coordinate system, feed corrections are applied at those points to obtain the programmed profile. By interpolation between successive comparison points, incremental feed corrections are obtained to give a smoother change of profile.
Description
[ 1 Sept. 23, 1975 United States Patent [1 1 Gunter et al.
3,691,357 9/1972 Mclntosh.........................51/165.7l
[ GRINDING OF GEAR TEETH Inventors: Erwin J. Gunter, Widen;
Gerd R.
Sommer, Dietikon; Albert L. Friedery, Winterthur, all of Switzerland Primary Examinerl-larold D. Whitehead Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Toren, McGeady and Stanger Maag Gear-Wheel & Machine Company, Ltd., Switzerland [73] Assignee:
ABSTRACT For grinding the flanks of gear teeth to modify an involute tooth profile determined by the generating 3 7 9 l ,9 72 I 5 W9 S3 0 N .mL 0. mp FA 1] 1 22 [.l.
method of grinding, the tooth flank area is associated with a system of co-ordinates and a grinding programme is employed that'specifies grinding feed in terms of the co-ordinates. By comparison of actual and programmed feed positions at instantaneous points in the co-ordinate system, feed corrections are applied at those points to obtain the programmed prothe. By interpolation between successive comparison points, incremental feed corrections are obtained to give a smoother change of profile.
[56] References Cited m u E F g .m w m D 4 I as m i a trill l 9 I C 3 5 up O .7 .4 3 n 3" LM G n. v M sm m M E" Tm Am M Sm Em Mm f a mm D E2 n% NH U7 4 4 O 3 US Patent Sept. 23,1975 Sheet 2 of3 3,906,677
O 3 IIII v1 IIIIIIIII T WW RO mg ENO. LOT ECS I. 3 4 3 3 3 M A m M Q T I T UH I M% I UT P I R0 I M MU. IP Mm DU 0 C Sheet 3 of 3 US Patent Sept. 23,1975
GRINDING OF GEAR TEETH BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the grinding of the flanks of gear teeth, more particularly, but not exclusively, on cylindrical gearwheels, by means of at least one grinding wheel, in which feed motions between the workpiece and the grinding wheel are superimposed upon a normal generating motion between the workpiece and the grinding wheel and in a direction transverse to the surface or flank of a tooth being ground in order to vary the theoretical involute form of the tooth flanks in zones radially along the tooth profile and/or axially the tooth length.
It is common practice to utilise for gear-tooth grinding the so-called zero-degrees method in which two grinding wheels basically include an angle of that is to say they are disposed more or less parallel to each other. In theory there is point contact between the grinding wheel and the workpiece but in order to accentuate somewhat such point contact it is also possible for the grinding wheel axes to be inclined relative to each other by a few degrees. To this end it is important that the contact occurs at the external edge of the grinding wheel and the generating motion between the grinding wheel and the workpiece is related to the base circle of the gear being ground, the two theoretically active grinding points being disposed on a tangent to the base circle.
Using this basic generating method, axial motion of the grinding wheel or wheels can be controlled, for example, by a known arrangement of profile and longitudinal correcting template which act on a double lever system (US. Pat. No. 3,044,221). Such axial movements of the grinding wheel give profile correction (generally in the form of a tooth tip and/or tooth root reduction) of the tooth uniformly over the entire length of the tooth. The aforementioned specification also describes how the profile can be modified at different axial zones to give a reduction of thickness at the ends of the teeth. An oval contact pattern therefore obtains in contact with the tooth flanks of a mating wheel when such gearwheels are paired.
The previously known methods for modifying gear tooth flank profiles can be inadequate in certain instances, as for example in gear wheels for power transmissions that operate under maximum loadings with extreme tooth pressures and/or circumferential velocities, and also in rolling wheels, that is to say gear tools for the finish rolling of gearwheels. Such applications may require helix corrections or other tooth flank corrections in which the tooth profile varies continuously along the tooth Width.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, there is provided ;a device for grinding the flanks of gear teeth on a Workpiece by means of at least one grinding wheel wherein a generating motion between the workpiece and said wheel adapted to give the gear teeth involute profile is modified by the superimposition of relative feed displacements between said workpiece and wheel in a direction transverse to the flank of a gear tooth being ground, the area of said flank being related to a system of co-ordinates and a program for relative feed positions between said workpiece and wheel giving said modified profile being stored in terms of said coordinates, said program being employed to provide feed motions for said modification of the gear tooth involute profile.
Preferably the instantaneous relative feed position of said grinding wheel and the workpiece is interrogated at predetermined points in the travel of the wheel relative to the tooth flank and said modifying feed motions are applied at said points by comparison of the measured and programmed feed position values. The interrogation may employ position transducers which may be absolute or incremental transducers.
Apparatus for performing the invention may comprise position transducers responsive to relative movement between the workpiece and said grinding wheel in the grinding operation to provide a measure of the relative feed positions between said grinding wheel and tooth flank, a program control unit receiving an input from said transducers and having means for comparison of said input with a feed position program, and an output providing correcting displacements for said relative feed positions in accordance with the predetermined program to modify the gear tooth involute profile.
Using the device of the invention it is not necessary to employ a medium such as a perforated strip or the like for individual operations. The co-ordinate network may be selected as required independently in both directions either with a narrow or a wide mesh and it is possible to arrange that all values fed into the system can be quickly changed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS By way of example, one embodiment of the invention will be more particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a tooth flank grinding machine for spur gears, provided with means (shown in respect of one only of the two grinding wheels) for modification of the profile of a tooth flank being ground,
FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram of the electronic store and control apparatus of said profile modifying means,
FIG. 3 shows a gear tooth with involute flanks and an x-y system of co-ordinates for said flanks, the z axis representing the direction of grinding wheel feed, and
FIG. 4 shows the same gear tooth but with the tooth profile varying also along the tooth length, the variations being shown in a greatly exaggerated form.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In the grinding machine shown in FIG. 1, a bed 1 has slidably mounted on it a carriage 2 for generating motion longitudinally of the gear teeth of a workpiece, shown as a spur gear 4 supported on a cross-carriage 3. The cross-carriage 3 is slidably mounted on the carriage 2 to be displaceable transversely of the workpiece axis. The workpiece is itself rotatably mounted on the cross-carriage and a pitch block 5 non-rotatably fixed to the workpiece is connected by opposed pairs of tension tapes 6 to a pitch block stand 7 clamped on the carriage 2. The sliding displacement of the crosscarriage 3 on the carriage 2 thus causes the pitch block 5 and the workpiece 4 to rotate, so producing the gear generating motion of the workpiece. The non-rotatable connection of the pitch block to the workpiece can be released for re-indexing when one pair of tooth flanks has been ground and a succeeding pair are to be worked upon.
The carriage 2 is reciprocated by a driving unit 8 which is combined with a rotary position transducer 80, the unit having an output pinion 9 meshing with a toothed rack 10 of the carriage 2. In this way are obtained axial displacements of the workpiece. The crosscarriage 3 is reciprocated, to produce the generating motion of the workpiece 4, by means of a driving unit 11 via a crank 12 engaging a sliding block 13 located in a guide 14 secured to the cross-carriage 3.
Two disc grinding wheels 15 and 16 are mounted on a grinding wheel support 17 which, for the sake of clarity, is shown only fragmentarily, said support being fixed relative to the bed 1. Each of the grinding wheels can be displaced in the direction of its axis of rotation. FIG. 1 shows the means for said displacement only for the grinding wheel 15, which grinds the left-hand tooth flanks, but corresponding means are disposed symmetrically thereto in the machine for the grinding wheel 16 which grinds the right-hand tooth flanks.
Each grinding wheel is mounted on its own shaft that terminates at the end remote from the wheel in a shaft collar 18 and a compression spring 19 between said collar and the shaft being in the grinding wheel support urges each grinding wheel towards an axial end position. Acting in the opposite direction to said spring, and thus defining the axial position of the grinding wheel is a roller 20 supported on a lever 21 which in turn isjournalled on a pivot 22 fixedly Connected to the grinding wheel support 17. At its end remote from the roller 20, the lever 21 is provided with a further roller 23 which engages a disc cam 24 rotatable by a stepping motor 25 which thus controls the axial position of the grinding wheel 15. A stepping motor 26 is provided for correspondingly controlling the position of the grinding wheel 16. In each instance the compression spring 19 provides the force that maintains the follower roller 23 in contact with the disc cam 24.
The rotary position transducer 8:: which is combined with the carriage driving unit defines the position of the carriage 2 and therefore also defines the axial position of the workpiece 4 with respect to the grinding wheels 15 and 16. A further rotary position transducer 27 is associated with the driving unit 11 to be responsive to the generating motion whereby it monitors the displacement of the generating cross-carriage 3 and also the instantaneous generating position of the tooth flanks of the workpiece 4 with respect to the grinding wheels 15 and 16. Rotary position transducers 28 and 29 are associated with the respective stepping motors 25 and 26 to function as position monitoring means for the grinding wheel feed. Stepping motors 25 and 26 as well as the rotary position transducers 8, 27, 28 and 29 are electrically connected to an electronic store and control unit 30.
The store and control unit comprises an input unit 31 with a keyboard 32 for feeding in the data through an electronic operating store 33. A central computer unit 34 and an interpolator 35 are connected to the said operating store. The said interpolar is followed by an output stage 36. The unit 30 also includes display devices 37, 38 and 39 for .r and y and z co-ordinates, and a program selector switch 40.
In order to enable each zone of the tooth flanks of the workpiece 4 to be acted upon individually, the tooth flank area is associated with a two-dimensional system ofx, y co-ordinates (FIG. 3) which divides it into a plurality of zones 41. Each zone is characterised by a pair of values x,-, y; which is associated with a given wheel feed position. Preferably, unit increments along the y axis are not uniform with respect to tooth height or radial position but are instead in a linear relationship to the involute generating displacement.
To grind tooth flanks with any desired deviations from the theoretical involute form the wheel feed values, which correspond to movements in the direction of the z axis, are previously fed into the store and control unit by way of the input unit 31 or of the keyboard 32. During the grinding operation the feed values are interrogated in the store for instantaneous relative positions between each tooth flank and wheel as the grinding wheels 15 and 16 traverse over the tooth flanks in any desired direction. In each zone 41 the appropriate feed value is transferred from the store 33 into the central computer unit 34 where the value is compared with the indicated setting of the associated stepping motor 25 or 26 and is then supplied to the interpolator. Differences revealed in this comparison give correcting feed values that are supplied via the output stage 36 to the associated stepping motor to rotate its disc cam 24 and thus cause the lever 21 to be pivoted by the roller 23 and axially displace the grinding wheel 15 or 16 by the movement of the roller 20 and the shaft collar 18, so producing a feed along the z axis of the system of coordinates. This feed corresponds to the correction value for the zone concerned, which has been defined by the rotary transducer for the tooth longitudinal direction (x direction) and by the rotary transducer 27 for the tooth height direction as a linear function of the generating motion of the workpiece (y direction).
FIG. 4 shows a random tooth flank correction in greatly exaggerated form in which the tooth profile varies continuously along the tooth due to the abovedescribed grinding wheel feed control in the z direction. In order to obtain a tooth flank which is as smooth as possible and without any steps resulting from a sudden change of the feed rate the correcting displacements in the z direction should be transmitted to the stepping motors in steps which are as small as possible but very numerous. This is obtained by linear interpolation of an individual co-ordinate step as a difference of. for example. x to and/or x y to 139 by means of the intcrpolator 35, the amount of feed being divided into a plurality of equal increments which are transmitted in series to the feed system.
It is basically possible to perform the correcting displacements in the z direction as a supplementary motion of the workpiece 4 instead of the axial motions of the grinding wheels 15 and 16 which are adjusted independently of each other. However, this only applies if one tooth flank is machined at a time and not when both tooth flanks are simultaneously ground as is generally the practice in the zero degrees grinding method.
The keyboard 32 has been shown as one specific form of input for the store and control unit. Clearly other known devices can be employed, e.g. a punched tape reader may be preferred for mass production or for identical grinding operations which are constantly repeated.
It is also possible to use known longitudinal correction templates in the x direction in place of the electronic control, that is to say in the longitudinal direction of the gear teeth. and to employ the abovedescribed method and apparatus in the tooth height direction, that is to say in the y direction. Since such template control of relative feed positions is already fully described in US. Patent No. 3,044,221 previously referred to above, further particularisation is not required here for a full understanding of how this is achieved.
What we desire and claim to secure by letters patent 1. Apparatus for grinding the flanks of gear teeth on a workpiece by means of at least one grinding wheel wherein a generating motion between the workpiece and said wheel adapted to give the gear teeth involute profiles is arranged to be modified by the superimposition of relative coordinate feed displacements between said workpiece and wheel in a direction transverse to the flank of a gear tooth being ground, said apparatus comprising position transducers responsive to relative movements between the workpiece and said grinding wheel in the grinding operation for providing a measure of the relative feed positions between said grinding wheel and tooth flank, a program control unit, feed position program means in said unit, program input means in said unit for feeding a desired series of space coordinate values into said program means, input means for providing signals for said transducers to the control unit, means in the control unit for comparison of said input signals with a feed coordinate position program, said control unit having an output, and feed displacement means actuated by said output for providing corrections of said relative feed positions in accordance with the predetermined program to modify the gear tooth involute profile, whereby involuted profiles having constant or differing shape may be provided along the flank of a tooth.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein a drive element for axial displacement of the workpiece relative to the grinding wheel is associated with the position transducer for said relative movements longitudinally of the gear tooth and a drive element for the generating motion is associated with the position transducer for said relative movements in the direction of the height of the gear tooth.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein a stepping motor provides the feed motion between the tooth flank and at least one grinding wheel.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein a position transducer is coupled to the stepping motor to provide a measure of actual feed position for comparison in the control unit with the programmed position.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein at least one of the position transducers is constructed as a rotary transducer.
Claims (5)
1. Apparatus for grinding the flanks of gear teeth on a workpiece by means of at least one grinding wheel wherein a generating motion between the workpiece and said wheel adapted to give the gear teeth involute profiles is arranged to be modified by the superimposition of relative coordinate feed displacements between said workpiece and wheel in a direction transverse to the flank of a gear tooth being ground, said apparatus comprising position transducers responsive to relative movements between the workpiece and said grinding wheel in the grinding operation for providing a measure of the relative feed positions between said grinding wheel and tooth flank, a program control unit, feed position program means in said unit, program input means in said unit for feeding a desired series of space coordinate values into said program means, input means for providing signals for said transducers to the control unit, means in the control unit for comparison of said input signals with a feed coordinate position program, said control unit having an output, and feed displacement means actuated by said output for providing corrections of said relative feed positions in accordance with the predetermined program to modify the gear tooth involute profile, whereby involuted profiles having constant or differing shape may be provided along the flank of a tooth.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein a drive element for axial displacement of the workpiece relative to the grinding wheel is associated with the position transducer for said relative movements longitudinally of the gear tooth and a drive element for the generating motion is associated with the position transducer for said relative movements in the direction of the height of the gear tooth.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein a stepping motor provides the feed motion between the tooth flank and at least one grinding wheel.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein a position transducer is coupled to the stepping motor to provide a measure of actual feed position for comparison in the control unit with the programmed position.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein at least one of the position transducers is constructed as a rotary transducer.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US05/575,629 US3986305A (en) | 1972-09-07 | 1975-05-08 | Method of grinding of gear teeth |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1313172A CH560570A5 (en) | 1972-09-07 | 1972-09-07 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/575,629 Division US3986305A (en) | 1972-09-07 | 1975-05-08 | Method of grinding of gear teeth |
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US3906677A true US3906677A (en) | 1975-09-23 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US395129A Expired - Lifetime US3906677A (en) | 1972-09-07 | 1973-09-07 | Grinding of gear teeth |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US3906677A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5853971B2 (en) |
CH (1) | CH560570A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2307493C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2208750B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1439817A (en) |
IT (1) | IT993883B (en) |
SE (1) | SE395632B (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4045917A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1977-09-06 | Carl Hurth Maschinen- Und Zahnradfabrik | Gear grinding machine |
US4126491A (en) * | 1974-06-28 | 1978-11-21 | Granges Oxelosund Jarnverk Ab | Method and apparatus for producing metal blanks, in particular steel slabs, which at least in a predetermined surface area have substantially no defects |
FR2405110A1 (en) * | 1977-10-04 | 1979-05-04 | Reishauer Ag | PROCESS FOR IMPLEMENTING A MACHINE FOR MACHINING GEAR WHEELS WITH DESMODROMIC CONTROL OPERATING ACCORDING TO THE DEVELOPING HELICAL SIZE PROCESS, AND APPARATUS FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
US4559919A (en) * | 1983-12-15 | 1985-12-24 | Anthony Kushigian | Grinding wheel profiler |
US4926102A (en) * | 1987-06-24 | 1990-05-15 | Fanuc Ltd. | Involute interpolation method |
US5014467A (en) * | 1987-10-14 | 1991-05-14 | Carl Hurth Maschinen- Und Zahnradfabrik Gmbh & Co. | Method and machine for the discontinuous generating grinding with indexing |
US20050266774A1 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-01 | The Gleason Works | Variable rate method of machining gears |
WO2014051665A1 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-04-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of modifying gear profiles |
CN105965102A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-09-28 | 安徽三山机械制造有限公司 | Practical eccentric gear machining equipment |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57184623A (en) * | 1981-05-01 | 1982-11-13 | Koyo Jidoki Kk | Central tooth surface grinding device of cross gear shaft sector gear for ball nut type steering unit |
CH660462A5 (en) * | 1981-09-14 | 1987-04-30 | Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag | ROLLING PROCESS FOR THE MACHINING PROCESSING OF EVOLVENT-SHAPED TOOTH FLANK WITH PROFILE AND LENGTH CORRECTIONS. |
CH665583A5 (en) * | 1983-07-08 | 1988-05-31 | Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE LIFTING MOVEMENT OF A PARTIAL WHEEL GRINDING MACHINE WORKING IN THE PARTIAL ROLLING METHOD. |
JPS60127430U (en) * | 1984-02-04 | 1985-08-27 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Shiatsu valve heat insulation structure for internal combustion engine |
CH664717A5 (en) * | 1984-11-03 | 1988-03-31 | Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING EVOLVENT-SHAPED TOOTHED FLANGES. |
JPH01147172U (en) * | 1989-03-16 | 1989-10-11 | ||
KR101398834B1 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2014-05-27 | 더 글리슨 웍스 | Method of finishing bevel gears to produce a diffuse surface structure |
DE102009030376B4 (en) | 2009-06-25 | 2015-01-22 | Stoyan Radev | Precision grinding machine for machining straight and helical spur gears |
EP2314404B1 (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2012-06-20 | Klingelnberg AG | Method for hard fine processing of the tooth flanks of a gear wheel |
DE102010026412A1 (en) | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-12 | Stoyan Radev | Method of manufacturing periodic tooth flank modifications, machine tool and computer readable medium |
CN113319733B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-05-20 | 大连理工大学 | High-precision gear involute template grinding device and application |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3044221A (en) * | 1957-12-06 | 1962-07-17 | Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag | Gear grinding machine |
US3691357A (en) * | 1970-09-21 | 1972-09-12 | Litton Industries Inc | Positioning control system having memory for a machine tool |
-
1972
- 1972-09-07 CH CH1313172A patent/CH560570A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1973
- 1973-02-15 DE DE2307493A patent/DE2307493C3/en not_active Expired
- 1973-08-03 FR FR7328551A patent/FR2208750B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-08-06 JP JP48087679A patent/JPS5853971B2/en not_active Expired
- 1973-09-06 SE SE7312162A patent/SE395632B/en unknown
- 1973-09-06 GB GB4196073A patent/GB1439817A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-09-06 IT IT28629/73A patent/IT993883B/en active
- 1973-09-07 US US395129A patent/US3906677A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3044221A (en) * | 1957-12-06 | 1962-07-17 | Maag Zahnraeder & Maschinen Ag | Gear grinding machine |
US3691357A (en) * | 1970-09-21 | 1972-09-12 | Litton Industries Inc | Positioning control system having memory for a machine tool |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4126491A (en) * | 1974-06-28 | 1978-11-21 | Granges Oxelosund Jarnverk Ab | Method and apparatus for producing metal blanks, in particular steel slabs, which at least in a predetermined surface area have substantially no defects |
US4045917A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1977-09-06 | Carl Hurth Maschinen- Und Zahnradfabrik | Gear grinding machine |
FR2405110A1 (en) * | 1977-10-04 | 1979-05-04 | Reishauer Ag | PROCESS FOR IMPLEMENTING A MACHINE FOR MACHINING GEAR WHEELS WITH DESMODROMIC CONTROL OPERATING ACCORDING TO THE DEVELOPING HELICAL SIZE PROCESS, AND APPARATUS FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
US4195446A (en) * | 1977-10-04 | 1980-04-01 | Reishauer Ag | Apparatus for the control of a tool in a gear processing machine |
US4559919A (en) * | 1983-12-15 | 1985-12-24 | Anthony Kushigian | Grinding wheel profiler |
US4926102A (en) * | 1987-06-24 | 1990-05-15 | Fanuc Ltd. | Involute interpolation method |
US5014467A (en) * | 1987-10-14 | 1991-05-14 | Carl Hurth Maschinen- Und Zahnradfabrik Gmbh & Co. | Method and machine for the discontinuous generating grinding with indexing |
US20050266774A1 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-01 | The Gleason Works | Variable rate method of machining gears |
US7682222B2 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2010-03-23 | The Gleason Works | Variable rate method of machining gears |
WO2014051665A1 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-04-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of modifying gear profiles |
US9855615B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2018-01-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of modifying gear profiles |
CN105965102A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-09-28 | 安徽三山机械制造有限公司 | Practical eccentric gear machining equipment |
CN105965102B (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2018-02-09 | 安徽三山机械制造有限公司 | A kind of practical eccentric gear process equipment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS4964996A (en) | 1974-06-24 |
DE2307493C3 (en) | 1975-04-30 |
CH560570A5 (en) | 1975-04-15 |
FR2208750A1 (en) | 1974-06-28 |
DE2307493B2 (en) | 1974-09-05 |
GB1439817A (en) | 1976-06-16 |
FR2208750B1 (en) | 1976-11-12 |
DE2307493A1 (en) | 1974-03-21 |
JPS5853971B2 (en) | 1983-12-02 |
IT993883B (en) | 1975-09-30 |
SE395632B (en) | 1977-08-22 |
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