US3905216A - Strip temperature control system - Google Patents

Strip temperature control system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3905216A
US3905216A US423756A US42375673A US3905216A US 3905216 A US3905216 A US 3905216A US 423756 A US423756 A US 423756A US 42375673 A US42375673 A US 42375673A US 3905216 A US3905216 A US 3905216A
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United States
Prior art keywords
strip
sprays
accordance
spray
cooling
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Expired - Lifetime
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US423756A
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English (en)
Inventor
Eric N Hinrichsen
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
Priority to FR223577D priority Critical patent/FR223577A/fr
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US423756A priority patent/US3905216A/en
Priority to CA215,029A priority patent/CA1014375A/en
Priority to DE19742457696 priority patent/DE2457696A1/de
Priority to NL7416067A priority patent/NL7416067A/xx
Priority to JP49141206A priority patent/JPS587366B2/ja
Priority to FR7440814A priority patent/FR2253577B1/fr
Priority to GB53579/74A priority patent/GB1492578A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3905216A publication Critical patent/US3905216A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
    • B21B37/76—Cooling control on the run-out table

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to metal deforming and more particularly to the controlled cooling of a workpiece following a metal deforming operation.
  • a relatively thick metal workpiece or slab having an initial temperature which may be as high as 2,200F is reduced to a relatively thin, elongated metal strip as it passes through a number of mill stands arranged in tandem along a mill table.
  • heat losses caused by radiation, interstand cooling sprays and/or strip to roll conduction reduce the strip to a temperature in the range of l,400F to 1,750F depending upon the gauge of the strip.
  • the strip Upon leaving the last stand, the strip traverses a runout table on its way to a coiler where it is coiled and banded.
  • the runout table serves as a cooling zone in which the temperature of the strip is reduced to a level suitable for the coiling operation.
  • the desired coiling temperature may range from 850F to 1,500F. Because the runout table is normally from 300 to 500 feet long and because the speed at which the strip exits the last stand of the finishing train may be from 1,000 to 4,000 feet per minute, water sprays positioned above and below the runout table are usually needed to provide sufficient cooling.
  • the next step in the automation of runout table cooling was to relate the number of sprays utilized to specific sections of the strip as it traversed the table.
  • the residence time of a section of strip was calculated according to the extant velocity-time profile for the strip based upon the residence time for each section and the initial and desired final temperatures of the strip.
  • the number of sprays was calculated for each section.
  • the sprays were then controlled to effect successive adjustments as the appropriate sections traversed the runout table.
  • the metallurgical properties of hot rolled strip steel are dependent not only upon the steel chemistry, the temperature at which the last deformation takes place (the finishing temperature) and the temperature level at which the rolling process terminates (coiling temperature) but also upon the rate of temperature change with respect to time during the transition from finishing to coiling temperatures.
  • the finishing temperature the temperature at which the last deformation takes place
  • the temperature level at which the rolling process terminates the temperature level at which the rolling process terminates
  • the present invention relates to the controlled cooling of a strip as it traverses a runout table.
  • the residence time or time on the runout table is calculated for contiguous sections of the strip according to extant velocity-time profile for the strip.
  • the number of sprays is calculated for each section.
  • the rate of cooling may be held substantially constant, the distribution of the number of sprays is then determined.
  • the sprays are then controlled to effect successive pattern adjustments as the individual sections traverse the runout table.
  • the rate of cooling may be adjusted by operator intervention or by modification of stored constants.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified view of a hot strip mill in which the invention finds use
  • FIG. 2 is a representative velocity-time profile for a strip traversing a runout table
  • FIG. 3 is a graph of the integral with respect to time of part of the velocity-time profile in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a typical relationship between the ratio of sprays required with respect to the increase in strip speed.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in greatly simplified form, the last stand R, of a roughing train along with other components in a hot strip mill.
  • the final reductions in thickness are taken in the finishing train 22 to produce a metal strip which may be 1,000 or more feet in length.
  • the strip As the strip emerges from the last stand F5 in the finishing train 22 it traverses a cooling or runout table 24 before being wound by a coiler 26.
  • Strip tension during coiling operation is maintained by a pair of pinch rolls 28 and 30 located at the coiler end of the runout table 24.
  • the strip temperatures at which the coiling operation may be carried out are considerably lower than the normal strip temperatures at the last stand of the finishing train 22.
  • a number of individually controlled cooling sprays, one of which is designated by the numeral 32, are located above and below the runout table to form a cool ing zone 36 in which the strip is water-cooled to the proper temperature for coiling.
  • the cooling zone 36 is typically in the order of from 300 to 500 feet long and may be made up of to 100 individual sprays located above the runout table with approximately the same number being located below the runout table 24.
  • the speed of the strip emerging from the finishing train 22 is not constant but may vary as the finishing train is accelerated and decelerated to increase productivity or to maintain a constant finishing train temperature whenever possible while remaining within safe operating limits.
  • the volume of water delivered by each spray remains constant but the number of sprays is adjusted and their distribution is varied so as to not only maintain a constant coiling temperature but to also control the rate at which the strip is cooled.
  • the temperature of the strip as shown in FIG. 1 is monitored by three different pyrometers.
  • a first pyrometer 42 is located at the exit side of the last stand R, of the roughing train.
  • a second pyrometer 44 is located between the penultimate stand F4 and the last stand F5 in the finishing train 22 whereas a third py' rometer 46 is located at the entry to the coiler 26.
  • the temperature sensed by the pyrometer 42 is one factor in determining the initial spray pattern.
  • the tempera ture feedbacks from the pyrometers 44 and 46 may be used to modify spray patterns for a strip currently being cooled and to adapt stored data to improve the control of cooling of subsequent strips.
  • the ends of the strip are detected by suitable means which in FIG. 1 are illustrated by a metal sensor 48 located above the mill table 20, a load sensor 50 located in stand F I and a thickness gauge 22 located between stand F5 and the cooling zone 36. Detecting the ends of the strip are secondary functions for the load sensor 50 and the thickness gauge 52, their respective primary functions being measurement of roll separating forces at stand F l and measurement of the final gauge of a strip.
  • a first pulse tachometer 54 mechanically coupled to one of the rolls in stand F5 monitors the velocity of and the elapsed distance traveled by the strip as it emerges from the finishing train 22.
  • a second pulse tachometer 56 mechanically coupled to pinch roll 28 may be used to monitor the travel and velocity of the strip after the tail end of the strip leaves the stand F5 and the pulse tachometer 54 is no longer effective.
  • Outputs from the described sensors are applied to a computer 40 which has an auxiliary input 41 and an output 43 to the sprays in the cooling zone 36.
  • the tachometers are included as illustrative of the function to be provided; that is, speed and strip section position as will be more fully explained hereinafter. It is to be realized, however, because the strip follows a velocity profile established by a process model stored in the computer memory, that these same determinations can be made without the benefit of a physical device such as the illustrated tachometers.
  • the speeds at which the finishing train 22 operates determine the strip velocities until the tail end of the strip leaves the stand F5 at which time strip velocity control passes to the coiler 26. In either situation, the speeds are determined by the properties of the strip according to predetermined relationships which, taken in chronological sequence, establish a velocity-time profile which may be of the type illustrated in FIG. 2. (FIG. 2 is actually more complex than many velocity-time profiles which merely provide an acceleration to a peak and then a deceleration to a lower velocity. The form of the profile does not, however, change the application of the present invention.)
  • FIG. 3 is the time integral of a portion of the profile of FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are conceptually identical to those numbered figures shown and described in the aforementioned US. Pat.
  • FIG. 2 shows the relationship of a typical strip as it is processed through the finishing train 22 across the runout table 35.
  • V which is termed the lower base velocity.
  • the strip then moves at the V speed until the time shown as t, at which time the head end enters the coiler 26.
  • the strip Under the preestab lished program for the strip of material being processed, the strip will then accelerate at a predetermined rate .under the control of the computer 40 until it reaches a value shown at t and designated V for the upper base of velocity.
  • FIG. 3 is the integral of a portion of the velocity-time profile of FIG.
  • the residence times of any par ticular section of the strip on the runout table may be determined.
  • the relation of a specified distance on the vertical axis to the time scale on the horizontal axis provides the residence time of a particular section on the runout table.
  • the time at which a particular strip section is located on the runout table and the location on that runout table may be identified through the utilizations of the pulse tachometers 54 and 56.
  • the section can be identified as being at the beginning of the runout table or at any point on the runout table in accordance with the count of a pulse tachometer.
  • N,- were equal to 20
  • SIU would be equal to 5 and every fifth spray; that is, sprays 5, 10, 15, etc., would be turned on when the strip is traversing the table at its upper base speed. If SIU were equal to 4.5, then an alternating pattern of successive fourth and fifth sprays would be activated at the upper base speed.
  • SI U will not in all cases turn out to be either an integer or a half-step between integers. If a high degree of accuracy is not required for controlling the rate of cooling, then SIU may be rounded to the nearest one-half and the pattern determined in the above manner. If a higher degree of accuracy is required, thenthe spray pattern may be determined by the expression:
  • N is the sequential number of the spray and R is the remainder from a previous calculation for which K was larger than the next whole number.
  • the computer makes successive calculations for each spray. Whenever K is equal to or larger than the next whole number from the preceding calculation, that particular spray will be turned on. The remainder from a calculation designating a spray to be turned on is then saved and used as the R term in each subsequent calculation until K reaches the next larger whole number designating the next spray which will be turned on. At the beginning of the calculation R is set equal to zero. (It should be further noted that in the event it is desired to have the first spray turned on in each instance, zero may be considered the first whole number in which case spray number 1 would be added to the above spray pattern.
  • the next step to be accomplished is the calculation of the spray pattern corresponding to the lower base velocity V which will give the same rate of cooling as is achieved at the upper base velocity V
  • the low speed spray pattern is accomplished in a manner very similar to that as done with respect to the high speed pattern by first determining the spray interval which is designated SIL. This interval is determined by the expression:
  • N was determined to be 20 providing a value of SI U equal to 5. It will be assumed that this upper base speed number corresponds to a velocity of 1500 feet per minute, that the lower base velocity is 1000 feet per minute and that the calculation made for the value of N, was equal to 10. SIL will, therefore, be equal to 6.667. With this value of SIL, either of the two methods of selecting which sprays to be turned on may be selected. That is, SIL may be rounded off to 7 in which case sprays numbers 7, 14, 21, etc. would be turned on up to the total number of sprays equaling to N, to provide 10 sprays space a distance of 7 apart. If a more precise pattern is required, then the spray pattern is determined in accordance with the equation:
  • N K SIL R which equation is identical to that set forth above with the exception of the substitution of SIL for SIU.
  • SIL 6667 it may be seen that sprays 7, 14, 20, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54, 60 and 66 would be turned on.
  • the arbitrary choice of whether or not to turn on the first spray would be made and the additional decision would have to be made as to whether, in this case, to provide or 11 sprays.
  • 1O sprays would be selected and thus by the previous calculation the last spray to be turned on in this spray pattern would be spray number 60.
  • the sprays for the lower base velocity selected by one of the two methods is now stored in the computer memory and is available for use. It is noted, however, that the patterns thus far determined are only valid for the two speeds the lower base speed and the upper base speed.
  • spray patterns are now determined for intermediate strip speeds between V and V Two methods of achieving this are readily available.
  • the first of these methods employs the selection of intermediate values for the spray interval between SIL and SI U and the relating of these values to their appropriate strip velocities.
  • the second method is to select specific velocity steps between V and V and to determine the spray interval required for each of these velocity steps.
  • Theoretically of course, there is an infinite number of possible steps and a judicious decision as to the number used must be made weighing the desire for accuracy against the practicality of the situation. In either case the required unknowns may be calculated from the expression:
  • SII SIH wherein S11 is the spray interval between sprays for the intermediate pattern, V, is the intermediate speed and N, is equal to the number of sprays required for the intermediate speed V,. v
  • the spray ratios for the velocities of 1200, 1300 and 1400 feet per minute are 1.25, 1.44 and 1.7 corresponding respectively, to 12.5, 14.4 and 17 sprays for the intermediate speeds N Utilizing these values the value SII may be calculated in each case and once again using the basic expression the spray pattern can be determined. if steps in the spray interval were selected, the velocities at which the spray intervals will be applicable may be derived from the same chart by finding the appropriate spray ratio on the vertical axis and relating that ratio to the speed ratio and the lower base speed V However derived, these intermediate spray patterns are stored in the computer memory and related to their appropriate strip velocities.
  • the head end of the strip is processed through the finishing stands to the coiler and calculations are made for the leading edge of each strip section to see whether or not the average speed of that particular section will exceed the speed for the next higher spray pattern.
  • the sprays are under the control of the computer so as to be related to a particular strip section in sub stantially the identical manner as is set forth in US. Pat. No. 3,604,234, the difference being that instead of a contiguous group of sprays being applied the sprays are distributed more fully along the length of the runout table in order to not only control the total amount of cooling but also the rate of cooling.
  • C is a correction constant. If it were determined that the rate of cooling were too high, indicating that the spray interval is too small, the constant C would be made slightly larger than 1 so as to increase the value of SIH which would, in turn, affect all subse quent calculations for the intermediate and low speed spray patterns. Similarly, if the rate of cooling were too low, the constant C would be made slightly less than 1 thus decreasing the spray interval SIH and hence all other speed intervals. It is recognized that the incorporation of this feature requires certain adjustments to be made in the earlier determinations. Specifically, it is readily seen that if a constant C greater than 1 is permitted, the value of SIH will increase and hence there than the actual total number of sprays available. For
  • the actual total number of sprays is 100 and N was used as 100. Adjustment would be achieved by selecting a lesser number, say 90, for N in all calculations.
  • a runout table with a zone of controllable cooling sprays and a coiler the method of cooling a strip at a predetermined rate as the strip traverses the runout table comprising the steps of:
  • the invention in accordance with claim 1 further including the step of adjusting the number and the spacings of sprays in response to an observed deviation in actual cooling from a desired cooling.
  • the method of cooling a strip at a predetermined rate as the strip traverses the runout table comprising the steps of:
  • SIH the interval between sprays for the upper base speed N A the total number of sprays within the spray zone N the number of sprays required to effect the specified cooling at the upper base speed.
  • SI( X) the interval between sprays for the pattern being determined SIH the interval between sprays as determined for the upper base speed N the number of sprays required to effect the specified cooling at the upper base speed N( X) the number of sprays required to effect the specified cooling at a speed other than the upper base speed V(X) the average speed of the strip section being cooled V the upper base speed.
  • the invention in accordance with claim 5 further including the step of adjusting the number of sprays and the spray spacing pattern in response to an observed deviation in actual cooling from a desired cooling.
  • the invention in accordance with claim 7 further including the step of selectively adjusting the number of sprays spacing and the spray pattern to adjust the rate of Cooling by adjusting the value of SIH by a constant C as defined by the expression:
  • SIH the interval between sprays for the upper base speed N the total number of sprays within the spray zone N the number of sprays required to effect the specified cooling at the upper base speed.
  • N(X) the number of sprays required to effect the N K- S, R
  • the invention in accordance with claim 16 further including the step of adjusting the number of sprays and the spray spacing pattern in response to an observed deviation in actual cooling from a desired cooling.
  • the invention in accordance with claim 18 further including the step of selectively adjusting the number of sprays and the spray spacing pattern to adjust the rate of cooling by adjusting the value of SIl-l by a constant C as defined by the expression:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
US423756A 1973-12-11 1973-12-11 Strip temperature control system Expired - Lifetime US3905216A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR223577D FR223577A (ja) 1973-12-11
US423756A US3905216A (en) 1973-12-11 1973-12-11 Strip temperature control system
CA215,029A CA1014375A (en) 1973-12-11 1974-12-02 Strip temperature control system
DE19742457696 DE2457696A1 (de) 1973-12-11 1974-12-06 Regelsystem fuer bandtemperatur
NL7416067A NL7416067A (nl) 1973-12-11 1974-12-10 Werkwijze voor het regelen van een bandtempe- ratuur.
JP49141206A JPS587366B2 (ja) 1973-12-11 1974-12-10 ストリツプオ レイキヤクスル ホウホウ
FR7440814A FR2253577B1 (ja) 1973-12-11 1974-12-11
GB53579/74A GB1492578A (en) 1973-12-11 1974-12-11 Strip temperature control system

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US423756A US3905216A (en) 1973-12-11 1973-12-11 Strip temperature control system

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US3905216A true US3905216A (en) 1975-09-16

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US (1) US3905216A (ja)
JP (1) JPS587366B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA1014375A (ja)
DE (1) DE2457696A1 (ja)
FR (2) FR2253577B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1492578A (ja)
NL (1) NL7416067A (ja)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047985A (en) * 1976-02-09 1977-09-13 Wean United, Inc. Method and apparatus for symmetrically cooling heated workpieces
DE3036997A1 (de) * 1979-10-03 1981-04-16 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. Verfahren zur steuerung und regelung der temperatur eines werkstueckes waehrend des walzens in einem warmbandwalzwerk
US4569023A (en) * 1982-01-19 1986-02-04 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for controlling the temperature of rods in a continuous rolling mill
US4745786A (en) * 1985-10-14 1988-05-24 Nippon Steel Corporation Hot rolling method and apparatus for hot rolling
US4785646A (en) * 1985-12-28 1988-11-22 Nippon Steel Corporation Method of cooling hot-rolled steel plate
US4899547A (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-02-13 Even Flow Products, Inc. Hot strip mill cooling system
US5189896A (en) * 1992-03-02 1993-03-02 Mesta International Single stand roller leveller for heavy plate
US5235840A (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-08-17 Hot Rolling Consultants, Ltd. Process to control scale growth and minimize roll wear
US5661884A (en) * 1996-02-20 1997-09-02 Tippins Incorporated Offset high-pressure water descaling system
US6062055A (en) * 1997-04-10 2000-05-16 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche Spa Rolling method for thin flat products and relative rolling line
US20070175548A1 (en) * 2003-06-18 2007-08-02 Karl-Ernst Hensger Method and installation for the production of hot-rolled strip having a dual-phase structure
WO2008098863A1 (de) * 2007-02-15 2008-08-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur unterstützung einer wenigstens teilweise manuellen steuerung einer metallbearbeitungsstrasse
CN101204717B (zh) * 2006-12-19 2010-06-09 株式会社日立制作所 卷绕温度控制装置及控制方法
CN103272857A (zh) * 2013-01-18 2013-09-04 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 一种用于层流冷却水箱液位自动控制方法
US20130340444A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2013-12-26 Rsc Industries Inc. Cooling system and methods for cooling interior volumes of cargo trailers
CN103521519A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2014-01-22 莱芜市泰山冷轧板有限公司 一种冷轧钢带的轧制方法

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DE3123645A1 (de) * 1981-06-15 1982-12-30 Kabel- und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshütte AG, 3000 Hannover "verfahren zur herstellung nahtloser kupferrohre"
JPS61139079A (ja) * 1984-12-11 1986-06-26 Toshiba Corp 半導体発光表示装置
AT514079B1 (de) * 2013-05-21 2014-10-15 Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum schnellen Ausfördern von Grobblechen aus einem Walzwerk
AT519995B1 (de) * 2017-05-29 2021-04-15 Andritz Ag Maschf Verfahren zur Regelung der Aufwickeltemperatur eines Metallbandes

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US2851042A (en) * 1955-10-11 1958-09-09 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Cooling equipment
US3289449A (en) * 1963-06-04 1966-12-06 United Eng Foundry Co Method and apparatus for cooling strip
US3300198A (en) * 1963-12-27 1967-01-24 Olin Mathieson Apparatus for quenching metal
US3364713A (en) * 1963-08-27 1968-01-23 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Method for controlling operations for the cooling of steel plate in accordance with formulae obtained by theoretical analysis
US3533261A (en) * 1967-06-15 1970-10-13 Frans Hollander Method and a device for cooling hot-rolled metal strip on a run-out table after being rolled
US3589160A (en) * 1968-06-07 1971-06-29 Bethlehem Steel Corp Apparatus and method for controlling accelerated cooling of hot rolled strip material
US3604234A (en) * 1969-05-16 1971-09-14 Gen Electric Temperature control system for mill runout table
US3779054A (en) * 1972-03-02 1973-12-18 Wean United Inc Coolant control for hot strip mill

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US3863083A (en) * 1973-06-13 1975-01-28 Eaton Corp Fluid-cooled dynamometer

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2851042A (en) * 1955-10-11 1958-09-09 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Cooling equipment
US3289449A (en) * 1963-06-04 1966-12-06 United Eng Foundry Co Method and apparatus for cooling strip
US3364713A (en) * 1963-08-27 1968-01-23 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Method for controlling operations for the cooling of steel plate in accordance with formulae obtained by theoretical analysis
US3300198A (en) * 1963-12-27 1967-01-24 Olin Mathieson Apparatus for quenching metal
US3533261A (en) * 1967-06-15 1970-10-13 Frans Hollander Method and a device for cooling hot-rolled metal strip on a run-out table after being rolled
US3589160A (en) * 1968-06-07 1971-06-29 Bethlehem Steel Corp Apparatus and method for controlling accelerated cooling of hot rolled strip material
US3604234A (en) * 1969-05-16 1971-09-14 Gen Electric Temperature control system for mill runout table
US3779054A (en) * 1972-03-02 1973-12-18 Wean United Inc Coolant control for hot strip mill

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047985A (en) * 1976-02-09 1977-09-13 Wean United, Inc. Method and apparatus for symmetrically cooling heated workpieces
DE3036997A1 (de) * 1979-10-03 1981-04-16 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. Verfahren zur steuerung und regelung der temperatur eines werkstueckes waehrend des walzens in einem warmbandwalzwerk
US4274273A (en) * 1979-10-03 1981-06-23 General Electric Company Temperature control in hot strip mill
US4569023A (en) * 1982-01-19 1986-02-04 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for controlling the temperature of rods in a continuous rolling mill
US4745786A (en) * 1985-10-14 1988-05-24 Nippon Steel Corporation Hot rolling method and apparatus for hot rolling
US4785646A (en) * 1985-12-28 1988-11-22 Nippon Steel Corporation Method of cooling hot-rolled steel plate
US4899547A (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-02-13 Even Flow Products, Inc. Hot strip mill cooling system
US5235840A (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-08-17 Hot Rolling Consultants, Ltd. Process to control scale growth and minimize roll wear
US5189896A (en) * 1992-03-02 1993-03-02 Mesta International Single stand roller leveller for heavy plate
US5661884A (en) * 1996-02-20 1997-09-02 Tippins Incorporated Offset high-pressure water descaling system
US6062055A (en) * 1997-04-10 2000-05-16 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche Spa Rolling method for thin flat products and relative rolling line
US20070175548A1 (en) * 2003-06-18 2007-08-02 Karl-Ernst Hensger Method and installation for the production of hot-rolled strip having a dual-phase structure
CN101204717B (zh) * 2006-12-19 2010-06-09 株式会社日立制作所 卷绕温度控制装置及控制方法
WO2008098863A1 (de) * 2007-02-15 2008-08-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur unterstützung einer wenigstens teilweise manuellen steuerung einer metallbearbeitungsstrasse
US20100131092A1 (en) * 2007-02-15 2010-05-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for assisting at least partially manual control of a metal processing line
CN101610856B (zh) * 2007-02-15 2011-09-07 西门子公司 用于对金属加工线的至少部分手动的控制进行支持的方法
US8359119B2 (en) 2007-02-15 2013-01-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for assisting at least partially manual control of a metal processing line
US20130340444A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2013-12-26 Rsc Industries Inc. Cooling system and methods for cooling interior volumes of cargo trailers
US9950590B2 (en) * 2012-06-25 2018-04-24 Rsc Industries Inc. Cooling system and methods for cooling interior volumes of cargo trailers
US10710430B2 (en) 2012-06-25 2020-07-14 Rsc Industries Inc. Cooling system and methods for cooling interior volumes of cargo trailers
US20210379963A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2021-12-09 Rsc Industries Inc. Cooling system and methods for cooling interior volumes of cargo trailers
US11827077B2 (en) * 2012-06-25 2023-11-28 Rsc Industries Inc. Cooling system and methods for cooling interior volumes of cargo trailers
CN103272857A (zh) * 2013-01-18 2013-09-04 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 一种用于层流冷却水箱液位自动控制方法
CN103272857B (zh) * 2013-01-18 2015-12-23 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 一种用于层流冷却水箱液位自动控制方法
CN103521519A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2014-01-22 莱芜市泰山冷轧板有限公司 一种冷轧钢带的轧制方法

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JPS5092210A (ja) 1975-07-23
GB1492578A (en) 1977-11-23
FR223577A (ja)
JPS587366B2 (ja) 1983-02-09
CA1014375A (en) 1977-07-26
DE2457696A1 (de) 1975-06-12
NL7416067A (nl) 1975-06-13
FR2253577A1 (ja) 1975-07-04
FR2253577B1 (ja) 1980-09-05

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