US3881489A - Breathable, liquid inpervious backsheet for absorptive devices - Google Patents

Breathable, liquid inpervious backsheet for absorptive devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US3881489A
US3881489A US38984173A US3881489A US 3881489 A US3881489 A US 3881489A US 38984173 A US38984173 A US 38984173A US 3881489 A US3881489 A US 3881489A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
backsheet
improved
liquid
perforations
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward Wallace Hartwell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Co
Original Assignee
Procter and Gamble Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Priority to US38984173 priority Critical patent/US3881489A/en
Priority to CA206,651A priority patent/CA1008655A/en
Priority to AU72346/74A priority patent/AU496534B2/en
Priority to DE2439367A priority patent/DE2439367C2/de
Priority to SE7410532A priority patent/SE388342B/xx
Priority to IE1721/74A priority patent/IE40440B1/xx
Priority to FR7428427A priority patent/FR2241265B1/fr
Priority to CH1130774A priority patent/CH577280A5/xx
Priority to IT2641174A priority patent/IT1020028B/it
Priority to NL7411075A priority patent/NL180489C/xx
Priority to JP9489574A priority patent/JPS5049041A/ja
Priority to AT673774A priority patent/AT350015B/de
Priority to DK443874A priority patent/DK135923B/da
Priority to LU70770A priority patent/LU70770A1/xx
Priority to GB3648974A priority patent/GB1471721A/en
Priority to BE147754A priority patent/BE819013A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3881489A publication Critical patent/US3881489A/en
Priority to JP1982127914U priority patent/JPS5922084Y2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A61F13/5146—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its properties being air-pervious or breathable having apertures of perforations
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2555/00—Personal care
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249981—Plural void-containing components

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to absorptive devices such as disposable diapers, sanitary napkins, disposable bedpads, and incontinent pads; and in particular, relates to a backing for such devices which prevents the passage of liquids while permitting the passage of gasses.
  • Absorptive devices such as diapers
  • diapers are well-known. These devices are used to absorb liquid from the human body and retain that liquid. It is also known to cover the exterior of these devices with a flexible, plastic sheet to prevent the liquid absorbed from striking through the absorbtive device and soiling other adjacent clothing, such as bedding and wearing apparel.
  • the waterproof, plastic sheet of the prior art does prevent strikethrough and helps contain the liquid within the absorptive device, but it also makes the absorptive device feel hot and uncomfortable to wear and can create a rash or irritation. In addition, it precludes a selfdrying of the absorptive device which can occur through evaporation of the liquid held therein.
  • the breathable backing as herein described is of particular advantage when it is desirable to shield the liquid in the absorbent body thereof from adjacent clothing in that it provides a cooler garment and permits drying of the absorbent body while it is being worn.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,156,242 issued to Crowe, Jr. on Nov. 10, 1964, teaches an absorbent device having an absorbent body covered by a nonabsorbent, flexible film.
  • the film is air pervious so as to permit drying of the absorbent body held thereunder.
  • the air perviousness of the film is achieved by using a microporous film or a film having holes or slits therein.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 2,119,610 issuedto Tasker on June 7, 1938, teaches a combination of a pad holder and a removable disposable absorbent pad.
  • the holder is a sheet of rubber or Jap silk which is perforated and the pad comprises a perforated base portion of inexpensive moistureproof material such as cellophane.
  • the base portion of the pad is adjacent the holder.
  • the fabric comprises at least two layers, each formed from a woven fabric which is resistant to standing water and is air and vapor permeable.
  • a disposable absorptive device having an absorptive body and a backsheet, an improved breathable liquid impervious backsheet.
  • This improved backsheet comprises the combination of two adjacent hydrophobic layers to form an effective breathing portion of the improved backsheet, the first layer being liquid permeable and having a low void volume, the second layer being liquid permeable and having a high void volume, whereby combination of the two layers prevents the passage of liquid while permitting the passage of gases therethrough.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a disposable diaper of this invention in an unfolded condition and having various layers cut away;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an enlargement of an area of the backsheet shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one form of apparatus for perforating a moistureproof web.
  • FIG. 1 a disposable diaper 21 incorporating the present invention is shown.
  • the diaper 21 is fabricated from the usual multiple plies of various materials.
  • a preferred construction of the diaper illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a topsheet 22, an absorbent core 23,
  • a backing which comprises a first layer 24 and a second layer 25.
  • the absorbent core 23 is superposed over the backing and the topsheet 22 is superposed over the absorbent core 23.
  • the topsheet 22 may be longer in a longitudinal dimension than the absorbent core 23 so that it can be folded around and under the longitudinal ends of the absorbent core as is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the combination of the absorbent core 23 and the topsheet 22 are generally attached to the backsheet, which in FIG. 1 is the first layer 24, adjacent to and parallel to their lateral edges and/or longitudinal ends. Of course, it is also well-known to attach them over substantially their entire interface.
  • the topsheet 22 may be any of the well-known topsheets, for example, the topsheet described in US. Pat. reissue No. 26,151, issued to Duncan et al. on Jan. 31, 1967, this patent being incorporated herein by reference. That particular topsheet is a hydrophobic nonwoven rayon web bonded with a thermoplastic binder.
  • the absorbent core 23 likewise may be formed from any of the materials well-known in the art for providing good moisture absorbent characteristics.
  • Several examples of such an absorbent core are described in the above cited Duncan et al patent, for example, multiple layers of creped tissue, wadding, cellulose fluff, air-felt materials, absorptive natural sponges, synthetic foamed absorptive materials.
  • the backing of this invention comprises a first layer 24 and a second layer 25.
  • the first layer 24 is a perforated polyethylene web, which is hydrophobic
  • the second layer 25 is a hydrophobic porous creped tissue.
  • Each of these layers is pervious to liquids by itself but when placed together so one is superposed on the other, they cooperate to form a liquid impervious backing.
  • FIG. 1 shows first layer 24 exterior to second layer 25, if so desired, the second layer 25 can be placed exterior to first layer 24.
  • the first layer 24 is generally a flexible web of a liquid impervious material which has been perforated to make it liquid pervious.
  • polyethylene is used in this embodiment, it is not intended that the first layer be limited to a polyethylene material.
  • the first layer 24 is a 1.8 mil (46 micrometers (um)) thick web of polyethylene film, available from Edison Plastic lnc., Metuchen, NJ. made from Alathon 3120 resin supplied by E. I. Du pont de Nemours and Co., which web is perforated as infra. A micrometer is meters.
  • the first layer 24 has a low void volume, described infra.
  • the perforated void volume of the first layer is the same as the percent open area in the layer due to perforation of the layer if based on projected perforation diameter, described infra.
  • the perforated open area of the first layer is from about 0.01 to about 5.0 percent of the nominal surface of the unperforated web, more preferably 0.01 to 2.0 percent, and most preferably 0.01 to 1.0 percent.
  • the average projected diameter of the perforations preferably is from about 10 to 300p.m, more preferably 10 to 200um, and most preferably 10 to lOOum.
  • the second layer of this embodiment is a creped tissue layer, Le, a fibrous web, having a high void volume and which has been made hydrophobic by impregnating it with a paraffin wax described more completely infra.
  • the porosity of the second layer 24 is high even after the paraffin wax impregnation.
  • the first layer 24 has lineaments greater than those of the absorbent core 23 to provide longitudinal end margins 26 and lateral edge margins 27 thereof.
  • the lateral edge margins 27 can then be folded around and onto the top of the absorbent core 23 provide what can be termed side flaps". These side flaps may or may not be attached to a topsheet such as 22.
  • the longitudinal end margins 26 may also be folded around and onto the top of the absorbent core 23. This folding over of the end and edge margins can be advantageous in that it places the absorbent core 23 in a basin formed by the first layer 24.
  • first layer 24 can be perforated as shown in FIG. 1 or if desired left unperforated.
  • FIG. 1 shows essentially the entire first layer 24 perforated, less than the total area of the backing for the absorptive device can be established as the effective breathing portion of the backing.
  • the effective breathing portion would be that portion where first layer 24 and second layer 25 are combined to prevent the passage of liquid and permit the passage of gases therethrough.
  • the effective breathing portion of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is the entire back surface of the diaper because the two layers are combined over that entire area.
  • the effective breathing portion would be limited to the two inch circular perforated portion which, in that embodiment, would be the only portion of the first layer 24 working in combination with the second layer.
  • a diaper 21 can be attached to an infant by any of the fastening means well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • first layer 24 a fragmentary enlargement of first layer 24 is shown to depict typical bosses and perforations formed in the above mentioned polyethylene web.
  • the polyethylene web 28 has bosses 29 formed therein and perforations 30 formed in the bosses 29.
  • Web 28 being the above mentioned Edison web, was perforated and bosses raised in it by running it through the nip 36 of two rolls, see FIG. 3.
  • the perforating roll 32 was spiral wound with card cloth 33 produced by Howard Bros. Mfg. Co., Auburn, Mass.
  • the card cloth 33 was formed by gluing four plies of woven cotton canvas with a rubber base adhesive to form a belt 0.125 inch thick and l-9/l6 inches wide.
  • the perforating roll 32 wound with card cloth 33 was exactly 3 inches in diameter; had a face length greater than 19 inches, and was driven in the direction indicated in FIG. 3.
  • the back-up roll 31 was encased in a tubular felt sleeve 35 of needled felt manufactured by Rontex America Inc., Lowell, Massachusetts.
  • the fibers in sleeve 35 were a mixture of a minor portion of polyester and a major portion of high tenacity nylon staple fibers in the ranges of 1.5 to 6.0 denier weight and l to 2 inches in length.
  • the radial thickness of the sleeve 35 was 0.250 inch, the inside diameter of sleeve 35 was 3 inches and the weight of felt sleeve was 87 grams/ft. of interior surface.
  • the back-up roll 31 with sleeve 35 was 3.5 inches in diameter. This back-up roll 31 was not driven.
  • the web 28 of the above described polyethylene film being about 22000 in. lb. weight, was pressed through nip 36 having a nip pressure of about 91 pounds per lineal inch and was perforated effectively at about 220 feet per minute.
  • the height of bosses 29 formed in the above mentioned web by the above process range from about 50 to 150p.m above the surface of the web 28.
  • the preferred height is about l50um, which is about three times the unperforated web thickness, thereby providing an unloaded thickness for the first layer 24 of about four times the unperforated web thickness.
  • the perforations 30 have a theoretical diameter of about 228pim which is the size of the pins in the card cloth. Diameter as used herein is intended to mean an average of the chords passing through the center of the perforation.
  • the projected diameter of the perforations i.e., the diameter of the perforations 30 as projected to the plane of the web 28, is less than the 228;.cm because the perforations 30 are generally in the side of the bosses 29, thus at an angle to the plane of the web, and the perforation diameter retracts due to the film elasticity as the card cloth pins 34 are removed from the perforation.
  • the perforated Edison film had the following properties. A description of the methods for these measurements is given infra.
  • the permanent strain after an elongation of 30% should preferably be 15% or less and the air flow permeability should preferably be in the range of about 0.5 to 10 cubic centimeters per second per square centimeter at a pressure differential of 10 centimeters of water.
  • the second layer 25 was a creped, wet strength, white tissue made hydrophobic by treating the surface of the fibers therein with paraffin wax.
  • the wax treated tissue remained highly porous.
  • the tissue was made from bleached chemical wood pulp, that is, 30% bleached sulfite pulp manufactured from aspen species and bleached Kraft from northern spruce and pine species refined, then treated with a wet strength resin such as Parez 631NC (Ameri can Cyanamide Company) /2% 1% resin solids on the weight of dry fiber, and formed into rolls of white creped tissue on a Yankee type Fourdrinier paper machine by means common to the industry. The percent crepe defined by (Yankee speed roll winding speed) Yankee speed was 14%.
  • the above tissue was then submitted to a dry waxing process which is an old and widely practiced process and was performed by The Crystal Tissue Company Middletown, Ohio.
  • food grade paraffin wax having a melt point of about 140F. is carried against one face of the rapidly moving tissue web (web speed about 940 feet per minute) by a relatively slow turning heated applicator roll (roll speed about 5% of web speed) partially immersed in a molten bath of the paraffin wax.
  • the molten wax is wiped from the surface of the applicator roll onto the tissue.
  • the wax is caused to wick along the surface of the fibers until all of them are coated by carrying the wax coated web in contact with the surface of additional heated rolls and then winding the web into a roll while still above the melt point of the wax.
  • the above wax treated tissue had an apparent void volume of 88%.
  • the calculation used to determine the void volume is disclosed infra.
  • the void volume of the second layer 25 should be at least 60 percent.
  • the high void volume layer used should preferably have an air flow permeability of at least 10 cubic feet per minute per square foot at a pressure differential of 0.5 inch of water.
  • the second layer 25 can also be formed by treating the bottom surface of a high void volume absorbent body with a hydrophobic material, such as mentioned herein, so that the bottom layer of the absorbent pad is rendered hydrophobic to a depth of at least several fibers.
  • Test pads of this invention were made up in accordance with the following examples to determine the liquid imperviousness and the gas perviousness of the backing. All test pads had the same approximate size, that is, square and about cm. by 10 cm. and were multi-layered.
  • the first four layers of each test pad were identical and were, in sequence, as follows.
  • the first layer, analagous to topsheet 22 of the drawing, was a Kendall Webline 621 l nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 23.9 gms./sq. meter and being available from the Kendall Corporation.
  • Layer two was a creped wet strength bleached Kraft tissue having a basis weight of l9.9 gms./sq. meter.
  • Layer three was a cellulose fluff, or airfelt as it is sometimes called, made from bleached softwood Kraft.
  • the third layer had a basis Weight of I68 gms./sq. meter.
  • the fourth layer was a creped bleached Kraft tissue having a basis weight of 19.9 gms./sq. meter.
  • Layers 2, 3 and 4 are analagous to absorbent core 23 of the drawing. Only the backing was varied among the test pads and is described in the examples.
  • test pads were wetted with a test liquid which simulated urine, i.e., the test liquid was a 1% aqueous NaCl solution reduced to a surface tension of 45 dynes/cm. with Triton X-100 surfactant available from Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  • Each test pad was wetted with the test liquid to a level of about 5 gms. of liquid per gm. of absorbent body, i.e., per gm. of the combined weight of layers 2, 3 and 4 (hereinafter referred to as wetted to 5X).
  • the liquid imperviousness of the backing was determined in a wet-through test, described infra.
  • the gas imperviousness of the backing was determined through an evaporation test, described infra.
  • the amount of liquid passed through the backing was then divided by the pressurized area, i.e., 19.7 sq. cm., to obtain the gms. of liquid/sq. cm. passed through the backing under pressure as a measure of the liquid perviousness of the backing.
  • test pads were wetted to about 5X and covered with a sheet of nonperforated polyethylene film. That film covered the test pad in that it was placed over the topsheet and wrapped slightly around the edges of the test pad. The wrapped around edges were attached to the backing with commercially available polyester tape. The exposed, i.e., noncovered, backing area was substantially square and about 9 cm. X 9 cm. The covered, wetted test pad-was then weighed to acquire an initial pad weight. Then the test pad was placed on a lab bench with the backing facing upwardly to expose the uncovered backing to ambient room conditions which were about 72 to 75F. and 60% relative humidity. The test pad was left in this state for about 3 hours and then reweighed to get a final pad weight.
  • the weight loss through evaporation was determined by subtracting the final pad weight from the initial pad weight. This evaporative loss was reduced to an evaporation rate by dividing the weight loss by the time exposed and by the exposed area of the backing. This factor was then reduced to give an evaporation rate in gms./1000 sq. cm./hr.
  • test pads were made by combining the first four layers as above described with only a single layer of the above-described perforated polyethylene web as the backing. The polyethylene web was placed next to layer 4 with the bosses 29 toward the interior of the pad. The test pads were wetted with test liquid to about 5X. The wet-through and evaporation tests were run on the test pads and the results are given in Table 1 below.
  • test pads were made by combining the first four layers as above described with a single layer of the abovedescribed paraffin wax treated tissue as the backing. The wax treated tissue was placed next to layer 4. The test pads were wetted with test liquid to about 5X. The wet-through and evaporation tests were run on the test pads and the results are given in Table 1 below.
  • test pads were formed by combining the first four layers as above described with a backing which was a combination of one layer of the above-described paraffin wax treated tissue and one layer of the abovedescribed perforated polyethylene film.
  • the wax treated tissue was adjacent layer 4, thus being analagous to second layer 25 of the drawing.
  • the perforated polyethylene film was adjacent the wax treated tissue, thus being analagous to exterior layer 24 of the drawing, and the bosses were pointed toward the tissue.
  • the test pads were wetted with test liquid to about 5X. The wet-through and evaporation tests were run on the test pads and the results are given in Table 1 below.
  • EXAMPLE XIII A test pad was made combining the first four layers as above described with no backing next to layer 4. The test pad was wetted with test liquid to about 5X. The evaporation test was run on the test pad and the result is given in Table 1 below.
  • EXAMPLES XIV XV Test pads similar to those of Examples IX XII were made except the wax treated tissue was replaced by a high void volume silica treated tissue.
  • the silica treated tissue was a creped tissue as above described, dipped in a l% volume chlorothene suspension of silicone coated fumed silica (Silanox l0l, Cabot Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts) to obtain a pick-up of 0.45 gms./ft. (0.05 gm./on 4 X 4 inch tissue) dry solids.
  • the test pads were wetted with test liquid to about 6X. Wetthrough and evaporation tests were run on the test pads and the results are given in Table 1 below.
  • test pads similar to those of Examples I -IV were made except that the conically embossed perforated film was replaced by the perforated polyethylene film described in Examples XVIII XIX.
  • the test pads were wetted with test liquid to about 6X. Wet-through and evaporation tests were run on the test pads and the results are given in Table 1 below.
  • the data also shows (Examples XIV XVII) that hydrophobic high void volume layers other than the wax treated tissue function effectively in the backing to provide a liquid impervious, gas permeable backing.
  • porous materials that are normally hydrophilic may be rendered hydrophobic by the use of a wide variety of coating agents coming from chemical classes such as fatty acids and their salts, vegetable waxes, silicones, fluororganic resins and olefin resins, and can be used as the high void volume layer of this invention.
  • Porous hydrophilic materials with relatively high void volumes are exemplified by natural and artificial open cell foams and sponges, textiles both nonwoven and woven, as well as a wide variety of paper products. Such materials may be formed directly from open cell foams or fiber assemblies derived typically from innately hydrophobic polymers such as the fluororganic and olefin resins aforementioned.
  • olefin films particularly those of polyethylene, are preferred for reasons of availability and cost for the perforated web of this invention, many other materials including the polymers of vinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, propylene and butylene could be employed. Further, these films may be formed in layers from more than one resin or coated with hydrophobic coatings made from such materials as are listed for the high void volume structures to achieve the most effective combinations of'strength and repellency after perforation.
  • Boss Height Measurement The boss height of perforations was measured optically by means of a microscope equipped with a vernier lens elevator screw graduated in microns. The plane of the upper surface of the film at the base of the boss was brought into sharp focus; the vernier reading was recorded; the vernier screw was then rotated to bring the tip of the boss into focus; and the vernier again read. The difference in vernier readings was the height of the boss in microns.
  • Elasticity A strain gage type tensile tester acceptable to ASTM Standard D-882-67 was used.
  • the tensile tester used was a Model TM manufactured by the lnstron Company, Canton, Massachusetts.
  • the sample used had a width of 1 inch and a length of 2 inches.
  • the cross head speed of the Instron machine was inches/min. for both extension and return.
  • the sample was elongated to either 30% or 55% and then returned to zero load. The permanent strain after return to zero load was recorded.
  • a sample of the perforated web was placed under a microscope having an eyepiece with a calibrated grid therein. The size of the perforations were measured therefrom.
  • Air Flow Permeability-Perforated Film A sample holder having a l-l3/32 inch diameter hole (10 square centimeters in area) therein and having an air tight chamber attached beneath was used. An air source was connected to the chamber and was regulated by an air regulator (Fairchild Hiller Kendall, Range O-l0 psig, Model 10). An air flow meter (Brooks, Setting 0-150, air flow 0-6500 cc/min.) was installed between the regulator and the chamber. A water manometer was also connected to the chamber and vented to atmosphere to measure the pressure differential between the chamber and the atmosphere.
  • a sample about 1.75 inch wide was cut from the perforated web and placed within the sample holder over VOID VOLUME OF TISSUE SAMPLE CALCULATION Tissue Weight unwaxed 12.4 lbs/3000 ft. I Waxed Tissue Weight 15.4 lbs/3000 ft. Thickness (caliper) 0.005 inch at gm./in. measuring pressure. Gross Volume of 3000 ft. of tissue at 80 gm./in.
  • wax weight a volume wax density from llterature 0.8 g./cc. T 2-4 0.0601 ft.
  • Total solid volume cellulose volume wax volume void volume [(gross volume solid volume)+ gross volume] Void Volume of Perforated Polyethylene Film Sample Calculation: A polyethylene film has a density calculated from its weight and optically measured thickness closely approaching the density measured by classical liquid displacement means. It has, for the purposes 0.0337 in. l in.
  • an improved breathable, liquid impervious backsheet comprising: the combination of two adjacent hydrophobic layers to form an effective breathing portion of the improved backsheet; the first layer being liquid permeable under pressure and having a low void volume; the second layer being liquid permeable and having a high void volume, whereby the combination of the two layers prevents the passage of liquid while permitting the passage of vapors and gasses.
  • the improved backsheet claimed in claim 2 wherein the average projected diameter of the perforations is in the range of from about to about 300 micrometers and the open area of the first layer in the effective breathing portion is from about 0.01 to about 5.0 percent of the nominal area of the first layer coextensive with the effective breathing portion.
  • the improved backsheet claimed in claim 2 wherein the average projected diameter of the perforations is in the range of from about 10 to about micrometers and the open area of the first layer in the effective breathing portion is from about 0.01 to about 1.0 percent of the nominal area of the first layer coextensive with the effective breathing portion.
  • the improved backsheet claimed in claim 6 wherein the average projected diameter of the perforations is in the range of from about 10 to about lOO micrometers and the open area of the first layer in the effective breathing portion is from about 0.01 to about 1.0 percent of the nominal area of the first layer coextensive with the effective breathing portion.
  • an improved breathable, liquid impervious backsheet comprising: the combination of two adjacent hydrophobic layers to form an effective breathing portion of the improved backsheet; the first layer being liquid permeable and having a low void volume; the second layer being liquid permeable and having a high void volume; whereby the combination of the two layers prevents the passage of liquid while permitting the passage of vapors and gases; wherein said first layer is a liquid impervious film which has a permanent strain of 15% or less after an elongation of 30% and which has a plurality of bosses therein, said bosses being provided with perforations, whereby said first layer is made liquid permeable under pressure, and wherein the projected diameter of said perforations is in the range of from about 10 to about 100 micrometers and the open area of said first layer in said effective breathing portion is from about 0.01 to about 1.0 percent of the nominal area of said first layer coextensive with said effective breathing portion.
  • the improved backsheet claimed in claim 15 wherein the second layer comprises a creped tissue and a hydrophobic material, the surfaces of the fibers comprising the tissue being coated with the hydrophobic material.
  • an improved breathable, liquid impervious backsheet comprising: a combination of a first and a second layer to form an effective breathing portion of the improved backsheet, the second layer being interposed between the first layer and the absorbent body; the first layer comprising:
  • the second layer comprising:
  • a fibrous web and a hydrophobic material the surfaces of the fibers comprising the web being coated with the hydrophobic material, the coated web having a void volume of at least 60 percent, and the hydrophobic fibrous structure having an air permeability of at least 10 cfm./sq. ft. at a pressure differential of 0.5 inch of water;

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US38984173 1973-08-20 1973-08-20 Breathable, liquid inpervious backsheet for absorptive devices Expired - Lifetime US3881489A (en)

Priority Applications (17)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US38984173 US3881489A (en) 1973-08-20 1973-08-20 Breathable, liquid inpervious backsheet for absorptive devices
CA206,651A CA1008655A (en) 1973-08-20 1974-08-09 Breathable liquid impervious backsheet for disposable absorptive devices
AU72346/74A AU496534B2 (en) 1973-08-20 1974-08-14 Breathable liquid impervious backsheet for disposable absorptive devices
DE2439367A DE2439367C2 (de) 1973-08-20 1974-08-16 Saugfähiger Hygieneartikel
IT2641174A IT1020028B (it) 1973-08-20 1974-08-19 Foglio di supporto impermeabile ai liquidi e che consente la tra spirazione per mezzi assorbenti a perdere
IE1721/74A IE40440B1 (en) 1973-08-20 1974-08-19 Disposable absorptive devices
FR7428427A FR2241265B1 (de) 1973-08-20 1974-08-19
CH1130774A CH577280A5 (de) 1973-08-20 1974-08-19
SE7410532A SE388342B (sv) 1973-08-20 1974-08-19 Underlag for absorberande anordning
NL7411075A NL180489C (nl) 1973-08-20 1974-08-19 Absorberend wegwerpprodukt omvattende een absorberend lichaam en een voor vloeistof ondoordringbaar, luchtdoorlaatbaar ondervel.
JP9489574A JPS5049041A (de) 1973-08-20 1974-08-19
AT673774A AT350015B (de) 1973-08-20 1974-08-19 Saugfaehige anordnung
LU70770A LU70770A1 (de) 1973-08-20 1974-08-20
GB3648974A GB1471721A (en) 1973-08-20 1974-08-20 Breathable liquid-impervious backsheet for disposable ab sorptive devices
BE147754A BE819013A (fr) 1973-08-20 1974-08-20 Feuille support aeree
DK443874A DK135923B (da) 1973-08-20 1974-08-20 Absorberende genstand til engangsbrug.
JP1982127914U JPS5922084Y2 (ja) 1973-08-20 1982-08-24 使い棄て吸収具

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US38984173 US3881489A (en) 1973-08-20 1973-08-20 Breathable, liquid inpervious backsheet for absorptive devices

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US3881489A true US3881489A (en) 1975-05-06

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US (1) US3881489A (de)
JP (2) JPS5049041A (de)
AT (1) AT350015B (de)
BE (1) BE819013A (de)
CA (1) CA1008655A (de)
CH (1) CH577280A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2439367C2 (de)
DK (1) DK135923B (de)
FR (1) FR2241265B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1471721A (de)
IE (1) IE40440B1 (de)
IT (1) IT1020028B (de)
LU (1) LU70770A1 (de)
NL (1) NL180489C (de)
SE (1) SE388342B (de)

Cited By (212)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3965906A (en) * 1975-02-24 1976-06-29 Colgate-Palmolive Company Absorbent article with pattern and method
US3994299A (en) * 1975-02-24 1976-11-30 Colgate-Palmolive Company Absorbent article
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU70770A1 (de) 1975-06-11
NL180489C (nl) 1987-03-02
BE819013A (fr) 1975-02-20
DE2439367A1 (de) 1975-02-27
SE7410532L (de) 1975-02-21
CH577280A5 (de) 1976-07-15
FR2241265B1 (de) 1978-11-24
GB1471721A (en) 1977-04-27
JPS5892311U (ja) 1983-06-22
DK135923B (da) 1977-07-18
DK135923C (de) 1977-12-12
ATA673774A (de) 1978-10-15
IT1020028B (it) 1977-12-20
IE40440L (en) 1975-02-20
CA1008655A (en) 1977-04-19
FR2241265A1 (de) 1975-03-21
DK443874A (de) 1975-04-14
IE40440B1 (en) 1979-06-06
AU7234674A (en) 1976-02-19
DE2439367C2 (de) 1986-04-30
AT350015B (de) 1979-05-10
NL7411075A (nl) 1975-02-24
JPS5049041A (de) 1975-05-01
SE388342B (sv) 1976-10-04
JPS5922084Y2 (ja) 1984-07-02

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