CN1108145C - 透气性吸湿用品 - Google Patents

透气性吸湿用品 Download PDF

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CN1108145C
CN1108145C CN95197175A CN95197175A CN1108145C CN 1108145 C CN1108145 C CN 1108145C CN 95197175 A CN95197175 A CN 95197175A CN 95197175 A CN95197175 A CN 95197175A CN 1108145 C CN1108145 C CN 1108145C
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迈克尔·德普纳
迈克尔·戴沃
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Proctor And Gambar
Procter and Gamble Co
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有透气性且仍具有液体渗漏阻滞底层的一次性吸湿用品，如婴儿尿布或卫生巾。具体地，该底层包括彼此之间基本上不连在一起的一个内层和一个外层。这两层可由相同或不同透气材料制成，并优选在材料消耗相同的条件下代替单一的透气材料。

Description

透气性吸湿用品
技术领域
本发明涉及具有透气的且延迟液体渗透底层的一次性吸湿用品，如婴儿尿布或卫生巾。具体地，该底层包括基本不互相连接的一个内层和一个外层。这两层可用相同或不同的透气材料制成。
背景技术
一次性吸湿用品，如婴儿尿布、成人尿失禁产品，卫生巾和裤内衬，在该领域中是公知的。这些吸湿用品有一侧面对穿戴者，一般地通过这一侧吸湿用品吸收穿戴者排出的液体。该液体被存在吸收结构中。通过在与面对穿戴者一侧相反的一侧加上液体不渗透底层，通常可阻止液体从该吸湿用品的这一侧渗透。
在该领域中也公知：非常希望底层让气态液体与环境交换，通常称作为透气性。透气性随着透过底层空气的量而增加。该量与底层上的孔隙面积(所有孔面积的总和)成正比。在该底层上明显太多和特别太大的孔不利于防止液体渗透，而防止液体渗透是底层的主要功能。
在该领域中已记载了许多提供透气底层的方法。在专利和专利申请中记载了许多把透气性和液体不透过性这两种相矛盾的性能结合起来的尝试。然而，缺乏商业可行性和真正透气的一次性吸湿用品，这表明至今所提出的工艺还不能在商业可接受条件下对所希望的工艺要求提供一个完全满意的结果。通常满足一个所希望的特征达到一个极端，使得其他有关的性能不再适当地满足。
例如，卫生巾具有非常高的透气性，其代价是经常的液体渗漏(造成穿戴者内衣的污染)，这样的卫生巾不能认为是令人满意的。另一方面，适当地满足液体渗漏要求通常产生几乎不可渗透，即非透气底层。
在具有定向液体输送的成型膜领域中已取得了可喜的进步，其中在某一压力降下，通过成型膜的液体输送，在一方向上好于另一方向。这些被称作单向成型膜材料在用表面活性剂处理后不仅已广泛用于卫生巾和裤内衬的顶层，而且用于尿布和失禁产品。一般地其他的纤维织物聚合物顶层没有定向的液体输送。它们也用表面活性剂处理，但它们有内在的疏水性。对于透气底层，已建议使用适宜于是疏水的且减少了孔径和/或总孔隙面积的顶层材料。
例如在US3,881,489中已提出结合透气层和液体渗透层，来提供一些液体非渗透性，同时满足透气底层的要求。在该公开文献中，通过限定成型膜材料的外层和薄页纸的内层提供了一种透气底层。该成形膜材料具有有孔的表面偏差，薄页纸具有高的空隙体积且用石蜡浸渍使其具有疏水性。然而该文件教导在它们整个界面基本上将这些层连接在一起的。
其他现有技术设法提供包括不止一层的透气底层组合件，如在US4,341,216、EP-A-109126或EP-A-203,821中所记载的。这些公开文献中没有一个提供了类似于本发明透气底层的结构。
单层透气底层可从，如GB-A-2184391、GB-A-2184390、GB-A-2184389、US4,591,523、US4,839,216或EP156471中得知。
发明内容
现已发现：将两个透气材料层组合，并保持这两层彼此之间基本不接触，这样提供了一个特别称心的透气底层。这种结构的底层由于大的孔隙面积可具有异常好的透气性，且两层的组合提供了所希望的液体渗漏阻滞功能。重要的是，现在已有可能用两个透气层来代替单一的透气层，这两个层透气层具有相同的总材料消耗、基本上相同的透气性，但因为彼此之间基本上不连结故具有更好的防渗漏性。因此本发明提供了一个非渗漏的透气底层结构以及包括该底层的吸湿用品。
因此本发明的一个目的是提供具有良好透气性同时延迟液体通过底层渗透的吸湿用品(具体是卫生巾或裤内衬)，使得这些产品的用户在液体不渗透底层和本发明透气底层之间不会感觉到可辨的差别。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供透气底层，该透气底层与已知的低渗漏性但没减少透气性的透气底层具有相同的材料消耗。
与本专利同一天还提交了另一个专利申请。其为M.Depner和M.Divo的“一次性吸湿用品的透气底层设计”，并也转让给“The Procter and GambleCompany”。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及透气性吸湿用品，如婴儿尿布、成人尿失禁产品、卫生巾或裤衬。具体地，这些产品具有一个顶层、一个底层和一个介于该顶层和该底层之间的吸收芯。该芯限定了该吸湿用品的芯面积，该芯面积是与吸收芯共同延伸的面积。芯面积以外的面积是周边面积。本发明的物品具有一个含有至少两个透气层的透气底层。这两层基本上彼此之间不连到芯面积上，即它们至少50％、优选90％、最优选完全不粘接在芯面积上。
该底层的两个透气层可用来由至少两层相同的材料来代替单一的透气底层，这两个透气层与被替换的单一透气层的总材料消耗相等。具体地，优选两个透气层一起形成的透气底层。然而优选这两层具有不同的定量：一层强度大一些，即一层比另一层定量高。把强度高的一层放在该吸湿用品的外侧。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，该透气底包括疏水的、透气的、由聚合物纤维组成的纤维织物层。在本发明另外一个实施方案中，该透气底层包括疏水的、透气的、开孔聚合物膜。优选该膜具有第一液体输送方向和与第一液体输送方向相反的第二液体输送方向，并取向该膜，使得该第一方向是从该底层流向吸收芯。这种定向开孔的膜使液体在第一液体输送方向上进行输送，在相同的压力降下通过所说的开孔膜，在第一液体输送方向上的液体输送大于在第二液体输送方向上液体的输送。最优选该膜具有漏斗状的孔，其中从较大漏斗开口到较小漏斗开口的方向平行于该第一液体输送方向。
优选该吸湿用品的透气底层提供了一个临界压力，低于这个临界压力测试液不能沿第二液体输送方向渗过该底层，因此提供了一个临界的“零渗漏”。该临界压力取决于该产品的使用环境，如当婴儿坐着时他们对尿布的压力没有妇女骑车时她们对裤衬的压力大。
对于卫生巾或裤衬，根据在下面实施例中公开的测试方法，已发现其相应的临界压力相当于45g/cm2(即4414.5Pa)。用来确定渗漏试验的测试液体包括由2g尿素、0.9g氯化钠、0.06g氯化钙和0.11g水合的硫酸镁在100ml蒸馏水中组成的食盐溶液。加入表面活性剂来调节该溶液的表面张力，以便更好地模仿除尿以外的身体排出物。该溶液的低表面张力为29±1mN/m，而没有表面活性剂的表面张力高于60mN/m。
用于本发明的纤维织物层优选具有10-100g/m2的定量，更优选为15-30g/m2。该纤维可以用该领域中制造纤维织物层所用的任何一种疏水聚合物材料制得。根据最终的使用环境和该透气吸湿用品的制造情况，已发现可用聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、聚缩醛或其组合(纤维内和纤维间的组合)。
这些纤维优选为纺丝粘合的、梳理过的或熔喷法的非织造织物。最优选是该纤维层含有纺丝粘合纤维的基材，该纺丝粘合纤维的一侧或两侧用熔喷法的非织造织物所覆盖，但也可以用该领域中所使用的其他任何具体工艺来提供。如果使用两个或两个以上不同定量的纤维织物层，最优选使该吸湿用品的外层为最高定量的一层。
也用于本发明实施方案的开孔膜可以是那些该领域中公知的任何一种。具体地，其包括，但不局限于，公开于下列文献中的膜：U.S.3,929,135、US4,151,250、US4,319,868、US4,324,426、US4,342,314、US4,591,523和US4,609,518、US4,629,643、US5,158,819、US4,772,444。
该透气底层的内层中所含有的开口膜具有漏斗状的开口，类似于如在US3,929,135中所描述的。这些开口可以是环状的或非环状的，但该漏斗一端的横截尺寸大于另一端开口的尺寸。当然从大开口端到小开口端的方向是平行于第一液体输送方向。该开口膜的孔面积一般为大于膜总面积的5％，优选在10％-35％范围内。该开口膜可由该领域中任何的具体材料制成，但优选由类似于纤维织物层中所用的那些聚合物制成。
该膜中开孔的最小水压直径应尽可能小，同时仍提供足够的气体渗透性且没有孔的水压堵塞。如0.1mm一样小、优选0.2-0.7mm的水压直径已发现在本发明范围内是可能的。非环状开口的水压直径是具有相同横截面积的环状开口所具有的直径。直径总是在一个开口的最小横截面的平面上测定的。
原则上，本发明基本上不连结在一起的数层透气材料作为底层，改善了通过透气层的污染，这一点对已知的任何透气层材料都是适用的，并可以用在任何吸性物品中。当然根据本发明，该透气底层的各层需要在一些地方粘在一起，来形成可透气的底层。否则该底层的外层将容易地分开。然而，这些各层至少沿着吸湿用品的芯面积几乎不彼此粘在一起，以便使通过底层的渗漏和污染达到最小，这一点很重要。这种连结可以在，例如，与该吸收芯共同延伸的区域的外围，或沿着与该吸收芯共同延伸整个区域以线或点样式实现，这种点或线的样式自身没有覆盖任何大的面积。
许多不同的吸湿用品都可从上述的本发明中得到受益。但卫生巾，特别是薄的裤衬对本发明特别有效。厚度小于或等于3mm、优选小于或等于2mm的卫生巾或裤衬，特别好地受益于本发明的透气底层。
本发明的一次性吸湿用品可具有所有其他的性能和部件，这些性能和部件一般是用于指定用途的产品。一般地，一次性吸湿用品包括吸收芯(如果需要，该吸收芯可以是也含有凝胶粒子的松散纤维吸收芯)、有或没有粒子材料包括凝胶粒子或气味控制粒子的层压薄页纸。该吸收芯纤维可以是该领域中那些已知纤维的任何一种，包括纤维素纤维或具有吸收性的聚合物纤维或甚至非吸收性的基材纤维。另外，有足够定量和吸收性的薄页纸也可用作本发明的吸收结构。如在下面所述的测试湿通过方法中所用的薄页纸可用于裤衬。
另外，一般地把顶层或穿戴者接触层(通过该层，待吸收的液体渗透进该吸收结构)加入本发明的物品中。该顶层或接触层可由该领域中已知的任何材料和工艺制得，包括类似于上面所述的成型膜和无纺织纤维织物。
根据本发明的透气吸湿用品，其中所有的所说的透气层都是相同的。
实施例
为了测试下面的实施例，使用下面所述的湿通过法(wet-throughmethod)。概念上它按照US3,881,489中公开的湿通过法，但涉及底层湿通过防止能力。测试准备
待分析的透气底层在内表面配有通常为亲水的、测试液吸收薄页纸。在没有施压的情况下把该薄页纸置于该底层上。把样品切成5cm×5cm，并在40g/cm2(或每个样品1.0kg)的负荷下压缩。在该吸收薄页纸的顶部放置另外一层非纺织织物或成型膜，这不是测试需要，而是为了测试易于进行。
为了重复性，把该样品在测试条件下至少保持4个小时。测试条件是23℃，50％相对湿度。测试液的制备是：将100ml蒸馏水、2g尿素、0.9g NaCl、0.11gMgSO4·7H2O和0.06gCaCl2混合。然后把该测试液调至表面张力为29±1mN/m，来具体模仿妇女阴道排出物所表现的条件。为了模仿其他排出物，该表面张力可在约60mN/m处保持不变。测试材料
具体的测试材料，如是从加拿大，B.C.Delta的Merfin Hygienic Product公司购得的定量为99g/m2、牌号为609912的薄页纸。一般该薄页纸不应厚于1mm。
吸墨纸可以是任何商购的好的吸墨纸。为了下面的测试，使用的吸墨纸的牌号为意大利的360280 Rossano Veneto(VC)的Favini，Cartiera的Absorbentbianco No 30(220g/m2)，该吸墨纸可切成大于5cm×5cm的样品尺寸。
理想的无纺或成型膜应不是吸收性的且应不具有将改变测试液组合物的表面洗去残余物。通过使用前用测试液洗涤该材料并对其进行干燥来达到。测试液的量
该测试中所用的测试液的量取决于饱和该吸收薄页纸所需要的量。其测定可以是：准备5cm×5cm，优选大一些，但具有已知表面积的用于湿通过测试的薄页纸的样品。测定薄页纸样品的重量。
然后把该薄页纸置于一尼龙网上，该尼龙网在框架内具有矩形和对角拉的线。该网形成5cm×4.5cm的矩形，该矩形被对角线分成四等份。该框架优选是由水排斥材料组成，如由疏水聚合物制成。
然后把该网和薄页纸样品一起浸入23℃(±1℃)蒸馏水中30秒(±3秒)钟。然后仅在重力作用下在水平位置上让该网和薄页纸排水/滴水120秒(±5秒)。接着测量纸和所吸收水的重量。该重量测试的刻度应精确到0.1充。
计算所吸收水的重量(湿重减去干重)并除以薄页纸样品的表面积。该值乘以湿通过测试样(5cm×5cm)的表面积25cm2，得到待使用的测试液的量。应用统计分析来确保测试液的量的值在测试系列a±3∑范围内，准确率为±10％(调节用于表面积25cm2)。在指定负荷下测定湿通过的测试方法
把样品置于吸收性的吸墨纸上，透气底层与吸墨纸相邻。吸墨纸的尺寸应大于测试样的尺寸。对吸墨纸与测试样一样进行调节，并在测试之前称重。
然后把指定量的测试液置于样品的中心。加入该液体时其流速应约为1ml/10秒，即对于2ml加料，该测试液应在约20秒内加入该样品中。2分钟后，把40g/cm2的负载施于该湿样品上15秒种。一般地，最小负载为20g/cm2或每个样品0.5kg，然而为了模仿应力条件，施加40g/cm2的负载。除去该负载后，检查该吸墨纸的湿通过。
如果有湿通过，该情况用定量的结果来表示，或测量具有已渗透吸收液(已吸收)的吸墨纸的重量。吸墨纸第二次测量值与初始干重之差为定量的湿通过量。
一定要注意不要引入侧边渗透，如由于从样品中心不平的液体迁移造成的渗透。在测试中样品必须水平放置。如果在样品的各边无论以什么方式出现了侧边渗漏并观察到水槽，在样品面积外的湿通过定量不能考虑。如果所有测试都有侧边渗漏且没有出现湿通过，应用不同的薄页纸来确认该测试结果。如果该结果是一致的话，那么其定性和定量结果是没有湿通过的。结果
至少应测定和平均10个样品。应用统计分析来确认该平均结果的统计准确性在95％置信区间内。确定湿通过临界负荷的测试方法
该方法与在恒定负荷下的测试方法相同，不同的是负荷从20g/cm2以5g/cm2(125g/每个样品)的增加值逐渐升高。不需要测定湿通过量，但试验者需要确定出现湿通过时的最小负荷。临界负荷定义为出现湿通过时的最小负荷减去5g/cm2。如果湿通过已在20g/cm2下出现，记录该透气底层在没有临界负荷下出现渗漏。测试产品
本发明底层由下列原材料构成：
-28g/m2的无纺纤维，牌号为MD2000，从德国，Peine，Corovin GmbH购得，具有14g/m2的纺丝粘合层和14g/m2的熔喷层。
-根据US3,929,135的聚乙烯成型膜，从The Netherlands Kerkrade的Tredegar Film Products B.V.购得。该膜具有环状漏斗状开口，孔面积19％，压纹厚(embossed thickness)0.48mm(漏斗高度)，且孔直径为0.465mm。
本发明底层的制备是：把具有指向吸收结构(用于此测试的吸收结构是上述的99g/m2 Merfun薄页纸)漏斗的膜和具有熔喷层(melt blown layer)的织物结合在一起，取向该熔喷层使其成为成型膜和织物间的内表面。
在本发明的一个实施例中，该织物和膜彼此覆盖但这两层一点都不连接。作为参考，在临界压力之上测定粘合剂连接的和未连接的渗漏，并进行比较。用于比较的粘合剂连接是螺旋粘合剂，该粘合剂用于直径为25mm，定量为6g/m2的三个螺旋线上，其覆盖总面积为1％-2％。所用的粘合剂的牌号H2128，购自于The Netherlands的Findley Roosendaal。每个样品使用2ml测试液。用低表面张力测试液进行临界压力测试
第一次渗漏                   50g/cm2
临界压力                     45g/cm2 湿/通过测试
用具有29mN/m表面张力的测试液在50g/cm2以上进行湿/通过定性测试。结果用测试液量的百分数表示。该结果展示出保持该透气结构不连接的优点。
样品            不连接层    连接层
通过底层渗漏    1.5％       18.5％
指数            8.1         100

Claims (7)

1.透气性吸湿用品，包括一个顶层、一个透气底层和介于所说顶层和所说底层之间的吸收芯，所说的用品具有与所说的吸收芯共同延伸的芯面积和与除了所说的芯面积外的与所说用品共同延伸的周边面积，所说的透气底层包括至少两个独立的透气层，该透气层至少在50％所说的芯面积上不相连，其中所说的透气底层包括疏水的、透气的、开孔聚合物膜，其中所说的膜具有第一液体输送方向和与所说的第一液体输送方向相反的第二液体输送方向，并取向所说的膜使得所说的第一方向从所说的底层通向所说的吸收芯，所说的开孔膜使得在通过所说开孔膜的相同压力降下，所说第一液体输送方向上的液体输送大于所说第二液体输送方向上的液体输送，所说膜包括漏斗状的开口，其中从大漏斗开口到小漏斗开口的方向平行于所说的第一液体输送方向。
2.权利要求1所述的透气吸湿用品，其中所说的透气层在所说的芯面积的至少90％上不相连。
3.权利要求1所述的透气吸湿用品，其中所说的透气层在所说的整个芯面积上不相连。
4.权利要求1所述的透气吸湿用品，其中所说的透气底层对于盐水溶液，在45g/cm2压力下，在离开所说的吸收芯方向上没有液体输送，该盐水溶液包括100ml蒸馏水、2g尿素、0.9g NaCl、0.11g MgSO4·7H2O、0.06g CaCl2，用表面活性剂将该盐溶液的表面张力调节至29±1mN/m。
5.权利要求1所述的透气吸湿用品，其中所说的透气底层由两层组成。
6.权利要求1所述的透气吸湿用品，其中所说的透气底层包括疏水的、透气的、由聚合物纤维组成的纤维织物层。
7.权利要求1所述的透气吸湿用品，其中所有的所说的透气层都是相同的。
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ZA959258B (en) 1996-05-15
JP3535173B2 (ja) 2004-06-07
CN1171732A (zh) 1998-01-28
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EP0710472A1 (en) 1996-05-08
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MY115181A (en) 2003-04-30
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WO1996014037A1 (en) 1996-05-17
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DE69427026T2 (de) 2001-09-20
BR9509588A (pt) 1997-12-23
ATE200212T1 (de) 2001-04-15
MX9703238A (es) 1997-07-31
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HK1013225A1 (en) 1999-08-20
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