US3875027A - Method of electroplating tubing prior to terne alloy coating - Google Patents

Method of electroplating tubing prior to terne alloy coating Download PDF

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Publication number
US3875027A
US3875027A US374883A US37488373A US3875027A US 3875027 A US3875027 A US 3875027A US 374883 A US374883 A US 374883A US 37488373 A US37488373 A US 37488373A US 3875027 A US3875027 A US 3875027A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
copper
tubing
bath
nickel
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US374883A
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English (en)
Inventor
Stanley F Gondek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bundy Corp
Original Assignee
Bundy Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bundy Corp filed Critical Bundy Corp
Priority to US374883A priority Critical patent/US3875027A/en
Priority to CA195,915A priority patent/CA1023685A/en
Priority to IN682/CAL/1974A priority patent/IN141353B/en
Priority to ZA00741970A priority patent/ZA741970B/xx
Priority to AU67514/74A priority patent/AU475323B2/en
Priority to GB1503574A priority patent/GB1466794A/en
Priority to AR253433A priority patent/AR198750A1/es
Priority to DE19742420573 priority patent/DE2420573C3/de
Priority to IT22450/74A priority patent/IT1012170B/it
Priority to JP49058321A priority patent/JPS5129986B2/ja
Priority to AT443474A priority patent/AT334153B/de
Priority to BR5181/74A priority patent/BR7405181D0/pt
Priority to BE145941A priority patent/BE816921A/xx
Priority to ES427731A priority patent/ES427731A1/es
Priority to FR7422698A priority patent/FR2235208A1/fr
Priority to SE7408563A priority patent/SE7408563L/xx
Priority to US05/519,425 priority patent/US3957086A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3875027A publication Critical patent/US3875027A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/10—Lead or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT 52 U.S. Cl. 204/28, 204/38 s, 204/40, Ferrous metal is Provided with corrosion resistant 204 29 204 49 204 52 y coating having a surprisingly great ability to retard the 5 1 CL n 323 5 5 23 5 50 23 17/00 formation of rust when subjected to salt spray testing.
  • Successive thin layers of copper and nickel are elec- 204/49, 52 Y troplated on steel tubing after which the tubing is terne coated by hot immersion.
  • 1,431,368 has been used for automobile hydraulic brake lines for approximately 40 years. Such copper brazed steel tubing and other forms of steel tubing are also used for automobile fuel lines. Both brake and fuel lines extend through exposed locations on the underbody of the car where they come into contact with water, road salt and other elements which accelerate their corrosion. It has been customary to apply a terne coating of tin-lead alloy to steel tubing used on automobiles to inhibit the corrosion of the tubing. The terne coating is customarily applied by passage of the tubing through a bath oftin-lead alloy which is maintained at a temperature of 700-750 F. Various improvements in terne coating techniques have been developed which have increased the thickness of terne coating which can be applied to the tubing.
  • terne coated steel tubing will begin to rust after about 24-72 hours of standard salt spray testing.
  • the inception of visible rust may be regarded as the beginning of the gradual structural breakdown of the tube wall.
  • Modern automotive safety requirements have created a demand for tubing capable of longer exposure to a corrosive environment before showing rust.
  • the present invention is characterized by the discovery that a terne coating of conventional composition applied in the molten condition over a relatively thin primary coating of copper and/or nickel electrodeposited on ferrous substrate will give the substrate a surprisingly high degree of corrosion resistance.
  • Sample lengths of copper brazed steel tubing which were first given a 0.0005-0.00l5 inch total coating comprising electroplated layers of both copper and nickel and thereafter passed through a hot terne alloy bath were found to withstand 3,000-4,000 hours of salt spray testing before exhibiting rust.
  • the surprisingly high degree of corrosion resistance of such a thin and economically practical combination of coatings was completely unexpected.
  • the terne coating may be applied over a primary coating consisting of copper or nickel alone, but the best results were obtained when using a primary coating consisting of a copper layer followed by a layer of nickel.
  • the corrosion resistant coating of the present invention has been developed in connection with steel tubing. However, the coating and method of this invention is equally applicable to other forms of ferrous substrates.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of typical tubing to which the corrosion resistant coating of the present invention is applied;
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged exploded sectional view of the structure shown in FIG. 1, taken along the line 22 thereof, showing the coating layers which are applied according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing one preferred processing of tubing made in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 are diagrams showing different combinations of layers applied to a ferrous substrate in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the cross sectional shape of a typical copper brazed steel tube 10 used for automotive brake lines and to which the corrosion inhibiting coating of the present invention has been applied.
  • the tube 10 is made from a steel strip 12 having a nominal 0.00015 inch thick copper plating on both surfaces.
  • the strip 12 is preferably made from a low carbon steel such as test as well as thicknesses of copper and nickel electroplating on the tested tubes can be found in Table l.
  • One-half of the total electroplated coating of each sam ple was copper with the other half consisting of nickel AISl-l008 steel.
  • the strip 12 is rolled twice around latapplied over the copper.
  • the 377 6 1: 72 quantity of the terne coating which is applied to the 2- 3 2 838695 g E tube 10 according to current commercial practice is 380 7 000063;" No 48 about 0. l6 ounce per square foot of the area of the sur- 2 81883 32,. 3% face 16. The thickness of this coating is approximately 383 9 0.00172" No 48 384 9 0.00077" No 48 0.18 mil.
  • Such terne coated copper brazed steel tubing 385 0 No 48 is typically able to withstand about 24 to 72 hours of 3 5 10 0,000 37" N0 72 387 11 0.00042" No 48 standard salt spray testing before exhibiting rust on its 388 H No 72 outer surface.
  • Modern automotive safety requirements 389 0 No 72 have, however, created a need for tubing which will en- 12 000100" NO g 391 13 000030" No 48 dure substantially longer periods of salt spray testing without beginning to rust.
  • Electroplated nickel coatings of 0003-0005 inch thick over copper, for example, are typical when superior corrosion resistance is desired.
  • the cost of applying such a thick coating of nickel or other expensive metal to steel tubing would make the cost ofthe entire tubing so high as to be undesirable.
  • all experiments were conducted with relatively thin electroplated layers of not more than 0.002 inch in total thickness.
  • the pres ent invention is distinguished by the discovery that a' relatively thin plating of nickel and/0r copper can be made highly effective in protecting a steel substrate from corrosion when covered by a terne metal applied molten.
  • the present invention contemplates the use of a primary coating consisting of one or more electroplated layers composed principally of nickel and/or copper.
  • the thicknesses of such primary coating is broadly within the range of about 0000-00019 inch and preferably 00007-00015 inch in thickness.
  • the primary coating may be applied in one layer or several layers, it preferably includes a layer of nickel applied over a layer of copper, in which case the total primary coating thickness may be as thin as 0.0003 inch.
  • the present invention further contemplates the use of a secondary coating terne metal which is applied by passage through molten terne, the thickness of the terne coating being broadly in the range of 9 0.05-0.30 mil and preferably 0.15-0.25 mil in thick ness. Coatings in these ranges are shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
  • FIG. 2 shows in exploded form a typical arrangement of coating layers applied to the tube outer surface 16 in accordance with one form of the present invention. This particular combination of layers corresponds to sample tube No. 375 of Table I.
  • a 0.00036 inch thick layer of copper I8 is electroplated on the surface 16 and a 0.00036 inch thick layer of nickel 20 is electroplated over the copper I8.
  • the tube 10 is then passed through a hot terne metal bath to produce a 0.00018 inch thick layer of terne metal 22 over the nickel 20.
  • the copper l8 and nickel 20 comprise two layers of what may be termed a primary electroplated coating while the terne metal 22 comprises a secondary coating overlying the primary coating.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates one method for continuously processing a tube 10 (or a plurality of such tubes) to produce the coatings of FIG. 2.
  • Copper brazed steel tubing is frequently made in long lengths of approximately I feet.
  • a plurality of tubes of such lengths may be processed in side by side relation through the apparatus of FIG. 3. It is also possible to join tubes end to end to produce an endless tube. In any case. the ends of the tubes 10 are crimped or otherwise sealed to exclude processing chemicals and other foreign matter from the tube interior.
  • one or more tubes 10 are advanced successively through a cathodic cleaning bath 24 containing sodium hydroxide and sodium cyanide, a wash bath 26, a cathodic cleaning bath 28 of sulfuric acid. a water wash bath 30, a copper strike bath 32, a copper electroplating bath 34, a water wash bath 36, a nickel electroplating bath 38 and a water wash bath 40.
  • the tube 10 is then fed into terne coating apparatus including a hydrochloric acid cleaner 42 and a hot terne metal bath 44 through which the tube I0 is directed by guide castings 46.
  • the tube 10 After leaving the terne metal bath 44, the tube 10 passes through a pneumatic wiper or air die 48 to control the thickness and uniformity of terne metal applied thereto, after which the terne metal coating on the tube 10 is chilled by the passage of the tube-through a water bath 50.
  • Various pairs of drive rollers 52 advance the tube 10 through the apparatus of FIG. 3.
  • the electroplated coating provides a surface for the terne coating which enables terne coating to be applied with greater uniformity and tenacity than was previously possible.
  • the electroplated coatings by themselves have a certain amount of porosity which subjects them to corrosive attack.
  • the pores are filled to produce a combined coat ing which is non-porous and of great uniformity.
  • the cost of producing copper brazed steel tubing coated in accordance with the present invention is believed to be about 50% more than the cost of producing the same tubing which is terne coated only.
  • copper is currently 2 /2 to 3 times as expensive as terne metal and nickel is 7 /2 to 8 times as expensive as terne metal.
  • the cost of applying electroplated layers bears a close proportional relationship to the thickness of the layer electrodeposited. It will. therefore, be apparent that a corrosion coating process which permits the use of such thin layers of nickel and- /or copper as are disclosed herein has significant cost advantages over the relatively thick nickel and copper electroplated layers which were heretofore believed necessary in order to achieve any significant degree of corrosion protection for ferrous substrates.
  • the coating described herein need not be in direct contact with the ferrous substrate. It is believed possible to use such coatings over various undercoatings or on steel which has been previously coated.
  • the coating of the present invention may be applied to a previously galvanized steel or a steel to which a preliminary plating of zinc has been applied. In that case, the zinc might perform much of the function of the copper in the previously described copper-nickel combination primary plating.
  • the method of making steel tubing which includes the steps of providing a steel strip havin'g copper electroplated on the opposite sides thereof, rolling said strip into tubular form, furnace brazing said strip to bond and seal the tube, electrodepositing on the outer surface of the tube a primary coating consisting of one or more layers of the metals copper and nickel having a total thickness of between 0.0003 and 0.0019 inch and thereafter coating the tubing with hot terne alloy without intermediate heat treating sufficient to cause appreciable diffusion of said primary coating into the outer steel surface of said tubing.
  • the method of forming a corrosion resistant coating on steel tubing which includes the steps of continuously feeding a long length of steel tubing through a series of baths including a cleaning bath, at least one electrolytic bath operable to deposit on tubing outer surface a primary coating consisting of one or more of the metals copper and nickel and having a total thickness of between 0.0003 and 0.0019 inch and a hot terne alloy bath downstream of said at least one electrolytic bath, the movement of the tubing from the electrolytic bath to the hot terne alloy bath being continuous and without heat treatment sufficient to produce any significant diffusion of the primary coating into the outer steel surface of the tubing.
  • said at least one electrolytic bath includes a copper bath and a nickel bath downstream of said copper bath.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
US374883A 1973-06-29 1973-06-29 Method of electroplating tubing prior to terne alloy coating Expired - Lifetime US3875027A (en)

Priority Applications (17)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US374883A US3875027A (en) 1973-06-29 1973-06-29 Method of electroplating tubing prior to terne alloy coating
CA195,915A CA1023685A (en) 1973-06-29 1974-03-25 Corrosion resistant coating and method for making same
IN682/CAL/1974A IN141353B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-29 1974-03-27
ZA00741970A ZA741970B (en) 1973-06-29 1974-03-27 Corrosion resistant coating and method for making same
AU67514/74A AU475323B2 (en) 1973-06-29 1974-04-03 Corrosion resistant coating and method for making same
GB1503574A GB1466794A (en) 1973-06-29 1974-04-04 Corrosion-rsistant metal-coated ferrous articles
AR253433A AR198750A1 (es) 1973-06-29 1974-04-24 Revestimiento resistente a la corrosion y metodo para su produccion
DE19742420573 DE2420573C3 (de) 1973-06-29 1974-04-27 Verfahren zur Herstellung von korrosionsbeständigen Stahlröhren
IT22450/74A IT1012170B (it) 1973-06-29 1974-05-08 Rivestimento resistente alla corrosione e metodo per la sua produzione
JP49058321A JPS5129986B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-29 1974-05-23
AT443474A AT334153B (de) 1973-06-29 1974-05-29 Verfahren zur herstellung von korrosionsbestandigen, mit weissmetall heisstauchbeschichteten stahlrohren
BR5181/74A BR7405181D0 (pt) 1973-06-29 1974-06-25 Aperfeicoamentos em um artigo resistente a corrosao bem como no processo para revestimento do mesmo
BE145941A BE816921A (fr) 1973-06-29 1974-06-26 Revetement resistant a la corrosion et procede pour le former
ES427731A ES427731A1 (es) 1973-06-29 1974-06-27 Perfeccionamientos en tubos metalicos resistentes a la co- rrosion.
FR7422698A FR2235208A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-29 1974-06-28
SE7408563A SE7408563L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-29 1974-06-28
US05/519,425 US3957086A (en) 1973-06-29 1974-10-31 Corrosion resistant tubing

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US374883A US3875027A (en) 1973-06-29 1973-06-29 Method of electroplating tubing prior to terne alloy coating

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/519,425 Division US3957086A (en) 1973-06-29 1974-10-31 Corrosion resistant tubing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3875027A true US3875027A (en) 1975-04-01

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US374883A Expired - Lifetime US3875027A (en) 1973-06-29 1973-06-29 Method of electroplating tubing prior to terne alloy coating

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US3875027A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5129986B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AR (1) AR198750A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT334153B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU475323B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE816921A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7405181D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1023685A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES427731A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2235208A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1466794A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IN (1) IN141353B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1012170B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE7408563L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA741970B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5249910U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-10-07 1977-04-09
EP0036778A1 (en) * 1980-03-22 1981-09-30 Nippon Steel Corporation Steel member plated with Pb-Sn alloy and a method of making same
US4461679A (en) * 1979-10-02 1984-07-24 Nippon Steel Corporation Method of making steel sheet plated with Pb-Sn alloy for automotive fuel tank
GB2262460A (en) * 1991-12-10 1993-06-23 Bundy Int Ltd Method of manufacturing a multiple-walled tube.
EP1001053A1 (de) * 1998-11-13 2000-05-17 Feindrahtwerk Adolf Edelhoff GmbH & Co. Verfahren zur Herstellung feuerverzinnter Drähte
US20050218196A1 (en) * 2004-04-06 2005-10-06 United Technolgies Corporation Two tier brazing for joining copper tubes to manifolds
US20120216586A1 (en) * 2009-02-04 2012-08-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh High pressure fuel fittings
WO2024201055A1 (en) 2023-03-31 2024-10-03 Subsea 7 Limited Adapting hydrocarbon pipelines to transport hydrogen

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5841128B2 (ja) * 1975-08-11 1983-09-09 日立電線株式会社 フクゴウキンゾクカンノセイゾウホウホウ
FR2368125A1 (fr) * 1976-10-12 1978-05-12 Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc Bande composite pour la realisation de cadres de connexion et son procede de fabrication
JPS5428738A (en) * 1977-08-08 1979-03-03 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk Double plated band steel for use in making corrosion resistant overlapped steel pipes
GB2117414B (en) * 1982-03-26 1985-11-13 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk Ferrous substrates hot dip coated with lead alloy
JPS61159595A (ja) * 1984-12-30 1986-07-19 Nippon Steel Corp 高耐食性燃料容器用鋼板及びその製造法
JPS61279696A (ja) * 1985-06-04 1986-12-10 Nippon Steel Corp 耐食性のすぐれたタ−ンシ−トの製造方法
AT385932B (de) * 1985-12-13 1988-06-10 Neumayer Karl Band- bzw. drahtfoermiges material
CN108730679B (zh) * 2018-08-09 2023-12-08 国电环境保护研究院有限公司 一种防腐蚀解析气体排出系统

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US626994A (en) * 1899-06-13 Process of making sheet metal
US2268617A (en) * 1938-11-01 1942-01-06 Nat Standard Co Method of making copper clad wire
US2371725A (en) * 1942-02-06 1945-03-20 Du Pont Lead-coated steel

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB454415A (en) * 1935-04-02 1936-09-30 Gustav Radtke Coating electrolytically iron and iron alloys with firmly adherent and impermeable films or layers of metal or metals
US2876132A (en) * 1952-07-19 1959-03-03 Gen Motors Corp Process of coating steel tubing
US3244553A (en) * 1959-12-22 1966-04-05 Knapp Mills Inc Process of lead cladding using molten lead
US3584655A (en) * 1969-07-03 1971-06-15 Gen Motors Corp Composite tubing

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US626994A (en) * 1899-06-13 Process of making sheet metal
US2268617A (en) * 1938-11-01 1942-01-06 Nat Standard Co Method of making copper clad wire
US2371725A (en) * 1942-02-06 1945-03-20 Du Pont Lead-coated steel

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5249910U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-10-07 1977-04-09
US4461679A (en) * 1979-10-02 1984-07-24 Nippon Steel Corporation Method of making steel sheet plated with Pb-Sn alloy for automotive fuel tank
EP0036778A1 (en) * 1980-03-22 1981-09-30 Nippon Steel Corporation Steel member plated with Pb-Sn alloy and a method of making same
US4413039A (en) * 1980-03-22 1983-11-01 Nippon Steel Corporation Steel sheet plated with layers of NiSn and Pb-Sn alloy for automotive fuel tank
GB2262460A (en) * 1991-12-10 1993-06-23 Bundy Int Ltd Method of manufacturing a multiple-walled tube.
US5297410A (en) * 1991-12-10 1994-03-29 Bundy International Limited Method of manufacturing a multiple-walled tube
GB2262460B (en) * 1991-12-10 1995-05-24 Bundy Int Ltd Method of manufacturing a multiple-walled tube
EP1001053A1 (de) * 1998-11-13 2000-05-17 Feindrahtwerk Adolf Edelhoff GmbH & Co. Verfahren zur Herstellung feuerverzinnter Drähte
US20050218196A1 (en) * 2004-04-06 2005-10-06 United Technolgies Corporation Two tier brazing for joining copper tubes to manifolds
US7293689B2 (en) * 2004-04-06 2007-11-13 United Technologies Corporation Two tier brazing for joining copper tubes to manifolds
US20120216586A1 (en) * 2009-02-04 2012-08-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh High pressure fuel fittings
WO2024201055A1 (en) 2023-03-31 2024-10-03 Subsea 7 Limited Adapting hydrocarbon pipelines to transport hydrogen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN141353B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-02-19
ATA443474A (de) 1976-04-15
SE7408563L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-30
DE2420573B2 (de) 1976-12-30
BE816921A (fr) 1974-10-16
JPS5023345A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-13
GB1466794A (en) 1977-03-09
AU6751474A (en) 1975-10-09
FR2235208A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-24
BR7405181D0 (pt) 1975-01-21
JPS5129986B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-08-28
IT1012170B (it) 1977-03-10
AU475323B2 (en) 1976-08-19
CA1023685A (en) 1978-01-03
AT334153B (de) 1976-01-10
ZA741970B (en) 1975-03-26
DE2420573A1 (de) 1975-01-23
AR198750A1 (es) 1974-07-15
ES427731A1 (es) 1976-12-16

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