US3874894A - Method and apparatus for ambient temperature pressure fixing of toners - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for ambient temperature pressure fixing of toners Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3874894A US3874894A US301463A US30146372A US3874894A US 3874894 A US3874894 A US 3874894A US 301463 A US301463 A US 301463A US 30146372 A US30146372 A US 30146372A US 3874894 A US3874894 A US 3874894A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rolls
- image
- nylon
- toner powder
- deformation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
- G03G15/2092—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using pressure only
Definitions
- ABSTRACT Improvement as defined in the title of the application wherein the working surface of at least one of a pair of toner-fixing pressure rolls is formed of nylon-6 and undergoes recovery from deformation at ambient temperatures while remaining in service.
- electrostatic copying methods and apparatus for accomplishing the same are well known in the art.
- electrostatic copying involves providing a photoconductive surface, establishing a uniform electric charge on the surface, and projecting on the charge surface a light and shadow image of the subject matter to be reproduced, thereby discharging portions of the photoconductive surface in accordance with the intensity of radiation reaching the surface.
- This creates an electrostatic latent image which is developed by exposing it to finely divided toner particles which are attracted by electrostatic forces to those portions of the photoconductive surface which have retained their charge.
- the image so developed is then made permanent by a fixing or fusing operation.
- Fusing generally refers to a method conducted at elevated temperatures involving a coalescene of the particles to each other and an adhesion of the resulting mass to a substrate.
- the term fixing is generally applied to a procedure whereby coalescence is accomplished at ambient temperatures either through the use of pressure or a solvent system.
- the photoconductive surface is an integral portion of the copy.
- the photoconductive surface is formed on an intermediary member such as a platen or cylinder, from which a developed toner image is transferred to a sheet for subsequent fusing or fixing to provide the final copy.
- the present invention is applicable to either of these arrangements because it is addressed to that portion of the electrostatic copying method which is concerned with giving permanency to the toner image once developed on or transferred to the copy sheet.
- conventional toners can be fixed uniformly by employing as the working surface on the deformable roll a material which has a calculated modulus of elasticity in compression within the range of about 100,000 psi and about 2,000,000 psi, and which when loaded to provide a calculated peak nip pressure averaging between 5,000 and 10,000 psi, deforms an amount to which exceeds the thickness variations of the copy sheet and toner.
- a material which has a calculated modulus of elasticity in compression within the range of about 100,000 psi and about 2,000,000 psi, and which when loaded to provide a calculated peak nip pressure averaging between 5,000 and 10,000 psi, deforms an amount to which exceeds the thickness variations of the copy sheet and toner.
- the co-pending application discloses the use of a cotton filled roll having a Shore D hardness of about and a calculated modulus of elasticity in compression of about 200,000 psi.
- Other suitable materials for forming the compliant roll are said to include hard rubber, paper
- aberrant deformation is intended to embrace levels of deformation which exceed the usual level of deformation encountered during normal operation of the copier. More specifically, aberrant deformation is that level of deformation caused by localized pressure contact of a pressure roll with a material substantially thicker than the combined thickness of the sheet material and toner.
- electrostatic copying apparatus having a device for the ambient temperature fixing of an image on sheets, comprising a pair of unheated pressure rolls at least one of which has a smooth, deformable surface which is susceptible to failure due to aberrant deformation, means for applying pressure to the roll sufficient to provide aberrant deformation and means for feeding individual sheets to the rolls at spaced intervals, the improvement comprising in combination, a working surface on at least one of the rolls, consisting essentially of nylon-6 and a working surface on the other roll which is nylon-6 or a material at least as hard as nylon- 6, the nylon-6 working surface having a thickness of at least about 0.25 inches, sufficient to permit it to recover aberrant deformation at ambient temperature, while remaining in service.
- a method of effecting onstream, ambient temperature correction of aberrant deformation of pressure rolls operative to pressure fix toner deposited on a sheet advanced therebetween which comprises providing a working surface consisting essentially of nylon-6 on at least one ofthe rolls and a working surface on the other roll which is nylon-6 or a material at least as hard as nylon-6, advancing toned sheets between the rolls at spaced intervals, and maintaining the rolls in direct rolling contact with each other when out of contact with successive advancing sheets, whereby aberrant deformation developed during the advancement of sheets between the rolls are corrected when the rolls are in direct rolling contact with each other.
- any aberrant deformations which develop during the advancement of tone sheets between the rolls can be corrected at ambient temperatures when the rolls are in direct rolling contact with other, i.e., when they are out of contact with successive advancing sheets.
- polyamide resins only those made by the polymerization of lactams, and more specifically only nylon-6, made by the polymerization of e-caprolactam possesses the necessary combination of properties which permits ambient temperature correction of aberrant deformation by direct rolling contact between the deformed roll and its mating pressure roll.
- Polyamide resins falling within the other three classes i.e., those made by the condensation of a diamine with a dibasic acid, as exemplified by nylon-6,6 and nylon-6,10; those made by selfcondensation of amino acids, as exemplified by nylonl l; and vegetable oil-based polyamide resins as exemplified by the Versamid polyamide resins, are not useful for purposes of the present invention.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide in electrostatic copying apparatus, an improved sheet fed, ambient temperature pressure-fixing device having at least one pressure roll which is capable of recovering from aberrant deformation at ambient temperatures while remaining in service.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an improved ambient temperature pressure-fixing device of the type described in which at least one of the pressure rolls has a working surface formed of nylon-6.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method of effecting on-steam recovery from aberrant deformation of a pressure roll in an ambient temperature pressure-fixing device in an electrostatic copier.
- FIG. is a schematic representation of an electrostatic copier in which the pressure-fixing device is pictorially illustrated.
- charger A for establishing a uniform electric on the surface of a photoconductive member
- exposure station B where a light and shadow image of the subject matter to be reproduced is projected on the charged surface of the photoconductive member
- developer station C where contact is effected between the charged portions of the photoconductive member and a finely divided particulate toner
- transfer station D where the toner image is transferred from the photoconductive member to a copy sheet.
- the photoconductive member constitutes the copy sheet, and in such arrangements, transfer station D is omitted.
- the means comprising feed station E include endless belt 10, reeved about drive roll 12, driven by means not illustrated, and idler rolls I4, 16, 18. With belt 10 moving in the direction illustrated by the arrows, copy sheets 20 with their unfused toner images 22, are advanced in spaced relationship, from left to right (as the drawing is viewed) toward pressure fixing station F.
- the pressure fixing station is defined by a pressure fixing device comprising stationary upper frame member 24 upon which are mounted for rotation, ends 26 of upper unheated roll 28; and movable lower frame member 30, upon which are mounted for rotation ends 32 of lower unheated roll 34.
- the pressure-fixing device further comprises separate means for applying pressure to the ends of rolls 28, 34 each of which in the embodiment illustrated comprises bolt 36 mounted in aligned apertures in upper frame member 24 and lower frame member 30, compression spring 38, washer 40, adjusting nut 42 and locking nut 44.
- adjusting nut 42 is turned in thedirection which forces washer 40 against compression spring 38 causing the spring to compress further. This in turn causes movable lower frame member 30 and roll 34 to move upwardly toward stationary upper frame member 24 and roll '28.
- the setting is maintained by snugging locking nut 44 against adjusting nu't42,
- the pressure applied to sheet 20 by rolls 28, 34 is such that upon passage through the unheated rolls, unfixed toner image 22 is converted to fixed toner image 46 at ambient temperatures.
- lower roll 34 i.e., the roll which is out of contact with the toner image is designated as being more deformable or compliant than .its mating upper roll 28.
- lower roll 34 which is provided .with a working surface illustrated as sheath 48, consisting essentially of nylon-6, while upper roll 28 is preferably formed of steel.
- both rolls may have the identical degree of compliancy or deformability, in which event each would have working surfaces of the identical nylon-6 resin.
- both rolls may be compliant but that the upper roll is somewhat less compliant than the lower roll.
- the lower roll would have a working surface of nylon-6, while the upper roll would have a working surface which is slightly harder than the working surface of the lower roll.
- Such a surface may either be a harder form of nylon-6 or some other deformable material which is relatively less compliant than the nylon-6 working surface of the lower roll.
- nylon-6 working surface it should be of a thickness sufficient to permit the surface to recover from aberrant deformation at ambient temperature. In general, it has been found that thickness of at least about 0.25 inches is satisfactory for this purpose. However, it will be appreciated that working surfaces of substantially greater thickness may be employed, and indeed, the entire roll may be formed of nylon-6.
- nylon-6 denotes the polymerization product of e-caprolactam.
- polymerization of e-caprolactam is conducted by heating the monomer to a temperature above about 250C in the presence of a catalyst for example water, or phosphoric acid or alkali metals; and a chain terminator, such as a lower aliphatic acid, for example acetic acid.
- a catalyst for example water, or phosphoric acid or alkali metals
- a chain terminator such as a lower aliphatic acid, for example acetic acid.
- the mixture is approximately 90 percent polymer and 10 percent monomeric e-caprolactam.
- the latter can be removed in a number of ways including leaching with hot water and vacuum distillation.
- the polymer can then be pelletized for subsequent use as feed material to an extruder.
- nylon-6 Various conventional additives may be incorporated in nylon-6, for example heat and light stabilizers, ultraviolet inhibitors and colorants.
- nylon-6 is commercially available from a number of sources, for example from Allied Chemical Corporation, under the name Caprolan.
- sheets 20 are fed at spaced intervals to pressure fixing station F.
- rolls 28, 34 are out of contact with a sheet 20, the rolls are in pressure contact with each other. It is believed that the direct rolling contact of rolls 28, 34 with each other contribute importantly to the ability of the nylon-6 sheath 48 on roll 34 to recover from aberrant deformation at ambient temperatures while in service.
- upper roll 28 should be formed of nylon-6 or a material which is at least as hard as nylon-6. This willensure that only a roll having a working surface of nylon-6 will suffer aberrant deformation. Thus if upper roll 28 is a steel roll only lower roll 34 will undergo aberrant deformation. If both rolls have working surfaces of nylon-6 they will both suffer aberrant deformation but each will be capable of being restored at ambient temperatures while remaining in service.
- Apparatus for providing a permanent image on a sheet wherein the image is a fixed image of toner powder comprising means for creating an electrostatic latent image; means for depositing toner powder upon said sheet to form a toner powder image pattern in conformity with said latent image; and means for fixing the toner powder image to said sheet, said last mentioned means including two unheated pressure rolls at least one of which has a smooth, deformable surface which is susceptible to failure due to aberrant deformation, said deformation exceeding the elastic limit for the surface but being within the plastic limit for the surface, said deformation being caused by localized pressure contact with a material substantially thicker than the combined thickness of said sheet and said toner powder; means for applying pressure to said rolls sufficient to fix said toner powder image and to produce aberrant deformation of said deformable surface; means for feeding individual sheets to said pressure rolls at spaced intervals; a working surface on said at least one roll, consisting essentially of nylon-6 and a working surface on the other roll which is at least as hard as said nylon- 6, said nylon-6 working
- each of said rolls is provided with a working surface consisting essentially of nylon-6.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Separation, Sorting, Adjustment, Or Bending Of Sheets To Be Conveyed (AREA)
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US301463A US3874894A (en) | 1972-10-27 | 1972-10-27 | Method and apparatus for ambient temperature pressure fixing of toners |
ZA736014A ZA736014B (en) | 1972-10-27 | 1973-08-31 | Improved method and apparatus for ambient temperature pressure fixing of toners |
CA180,138A CA1007292A (en) | 1972-10-27 | 1973-08-31 | Method and apparatus for ambient temperature pressure fixing of toners |
AU59981/73A AU470034B2 (en) | 1972-10-27 | 1973-09-04 | Improved method and apparatus for ambient temperature pressure fixing of toners |
IT29632/73A IT995554B (it) | 1972-10-27 | 1973-10-02 | Procedimento e apparecchio per fis sare a pressione a temperatura ambiente coloranti nella copiatura elettrostatica |
FR7335361A FR2204823B1 (fr) | 1972-10-27 | 1973-10-03 | |
BE136383A BE805715A (fr) | 1972-10-27 | 1973-10-05 | Procede et appareil pour la fixation de pigments par pression, a la temperature ambiante |
NL737314083A NL153688B (nl) | 1972-10-27 | 1973-10-12 | Elektrostatisch kopieerapparaat dat een inrichting bevat voor het persfixeren van poederbeelden. |
GB4939373A GB1440502A (en) | 1972-10-27 | 1973-10-23 | Electrostatic copying apparatus |
DE19732353835 DE2353835A1 (de) | 1972-10-27 | 1973-10-26 | Elektrostatisches kopiergeraet und verfahren zur wiederherstellung der walzenform einer in einem elektrostatischen kopiergeraet verwendeten druckwalze |
JP12001073A JPS5335728B2 (fr) | 1972-10-27 | 1973-10-26 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US301463A US3874894A (en) | 1972-10-27 | 1972-10-27 | Method and apparatus for ambient temperature pressure fixing of toners |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3874894A true US3874894A (en) | 1975-04-01 |
Family
ID=23163484
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US301463A Expired - Lifetime US3874894A (en) | 1972-10-27 | 1972-10-27 | Method and apparatus for ambient temperature pressure fixing of toners |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3874894A (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS5335728B2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU470034B2 (fr) |
BE (1) | BE805715A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1007292A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE2353835A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2204823B1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB1440502A (fr) |
IT (1) | IT995554B (fr) |
NL (1) | NL153688B (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA736014B (fr) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USB493501I5 (fr) * | 1974-08-01 | 1976-02-03 | ||
US4150181A (en) * | 1977-07-01 | 1979-04-17 | Xerox Corporation | Fixing method using polysiloxane-fluorocarbon blends as release agents |
US4234248A (en) * | 1979-06-04 | 1980-11-18 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | Hot roll fuser |
US4259920A (en) * | 1977-08-05 | 1981-04-07 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Toner image pressure-fixing device |
WO1981001060A1 (fr) * | 1979-10-15 | 1981-04-16 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Cylindre de fusion a pression sans brillant |
US4286863A (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1981-09-01 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | Pressure fusing apparatus for an electrostatic reproducing machine |
US4363862A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1982-12-14 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. | Pressure-fixing apparatus and method |
US4377336A (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-03-22 | Bunnington Corporation | Heated pressure rolls |
US4377335A (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-03-22 | Bunnington Corporation | Cryogenically assembled rolls |
US4444486A (en) * | 1982-06-10 | 1984-04-24 | Xerox Corporation | Three-roll cold pressure fuse for fixing toner images to copy substrates including an overskewed roll |
EP0236934A1 (fr) * | 1986-03-06 | 1987-09-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif de pression |
US4864331A (en) * | 1986-10-22 | 1989-09-05 | Markem Corporation | Offset electrostatic imaging process |
US5345301A (en) * | 1990-08-06 | 1994-09-06 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Image fixing device and electrophotographic apparatus incorporated with such device |
US5763129A (en) * | 1995-08-01 | 1998-06-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of increasing gloss and transparency clarity of fused toner images |
US11279106B2 (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2022-03-22 | Elopak As | Roller mounting arrangements |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5749703Y2 (fr) * | 1978-08-25 | 1982-10-30 | ||
JPS5648950A (en) * | 1979-09-21 | 1981-05-02 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Manufacture of plank board of milk carton |
JPS59119464U (ja) * | 1983-02-02 | 1984-08-11 | 日清紡績株式会社 | 圧力定着装置 |
DE3339463A1 (de) * | 1983-10-31 | 1985-05-09 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Walze zum andruecken eines blattes an eine heizflaeche |
FR3135866A1 (fr) | 2022-05-20 | 2023-11-24 | Nidec Psa Emotors | Dispositif de connexion électrique entre un moteur électrique et un onduleur |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3094429A (en) * | 1959-07-31 | 1963-06-18 | Burroughs Corp | Method of electrostatic recording with different inkse |
US3269626A (en) * | 1964-03-27 | 1966-08-30 | Omnitronics Inc | Adjustable support for pressure fixing rollers |
US3295497A (en) * | 1962-12-07 | 1967-01-03 | Borg Warner | Electrostatic recorders |
US3345937A (en) * | 1961-02-16 | 1967-10-10 | Kusters | Calender roll for pressure treating materials |
US3452181A (en) * | 1967-12-27 | 1969-06-24 | Eastman Kodak Co | Roll fusing device for xerographic material |
US3498596A (en) * | 1968-05-24 | 1970-03-03 | Xerox Corp | Heat fixing apparatus for fusible material |
US3501823A (en) * | 1967-03-23 | 1970-03-24 | Karlstad Mekaniska Ab | Calender roll with "bi-axially oriented" polymer segments |
US3511729A (en) * | 1965-12-10 | 1970-05-12 | Uniroyal Inc | Method of manufacturing synthetic or resinous polymer rolls |
US3617445A (en) * | 1968-12-18 | 1971-11-02 | Beloit Corp | Roll composition |
-
1972
- 1972-10-27 US US301463A patent/US3874894A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1973
- 1973-08-31 CA CA180,138A patent/CA1007292A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-08-31 ZA ZA736014A patent/ZA736014B/xx unknown
- 1973-09-04 AU AU59981/73A patent/AU470034B2/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-02 IT IT29632/73A patent/IT995554B/it active
- 1973-10-03 FR FR7335361A patent/FR2204823B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-10-05 BE BE136383A patent/BE805715A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-10-12 NL NL737314083A patent/NL153688B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-10-23 GB GB4939373A patent/GB1440502A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-26 DE DE19732353835 patent/DE2353835A1/de active Pending
- 1973-10-26 JP JP12001073A patent/JPS5335728B2/ja not_active Expired
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3094429A (en) * | 1959-07-31 | 1963-06-18 | Burroughs Corp | Method of electrostatic recording with different inkse |
US3345937A (en) * | 1961-02-16 | 1967-10-10 | Kusters | Calender roll for pressure treating materials |
US3295497A (en) * | 1962-12-07 | 1967-01-03 | Borg Warner | Electrostatic recorders |
US3269626A (en) * | 1964-03-27 | 1966-08-30 | Omnitronics Inc | Adjustable support for pressure fixing rollers |
US3511729A (en) * | 1965-12-10 | 1970-05-12 | Uniroyal Inc | Method of manufacturing synthetic or resinous polymer rolls |
US3501823A (en) * | 1967-03-23 | 1970-03-24 | Karlstad Mekaniska Ab | Calender roll with "bi-axially oriented" polymer segments |
US3452181A (en) * | 1967-12-27 | 1969-06-24 | Eastman Kodak Co | Roll fusing device for xerographic material |
US3498596A (en) * | 1968-05-24 | 1970-03-03 | Xerox Corp | Heat fixing apparatus for fusible material |
US3617445A (en) * | 1968-12-18 | 1971-11-02 | Beloit Corp | Roll composition |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USB493501I5 (fr) * | 1974-08-01 | 1976-02-03 | ||
US3988061A (en) * | 1974-08-01 | 1976-10-26 | Addressograph Multigraph Corporation | Pressure fixing of toners |
US4150181A (en) * | 1977-07-01 | 1979-04-17 | Xerox Corporation | Fixing method using polysiloxane-fluorocarbon blends as release agents |
USRE32126E (en) * | 1977-08-05 | 1986-04-29 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Toner image pressure-fixing device |
US4259920A (en) * | 1977-08-05 | 1981-04-07 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Toner image pressure-fixing device |
US4234248A (en) * | 1979-06-04 | 1980-11-18 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | Hot roll fuser |
US4286863A (en) * | 1979-09-10 | 1981-09-01 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | Pressure fusing apparatus for an electrostatic reproducing machine |
WO1981001060A1 (fr) * | 1979-10-15 | 1981-04-16 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Cylindre de fusion a pression sans brillant |
US4290691A (en) * | 1979-10-15 | 1981-09-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method and apparatus using low gloss pressure fusing roll |
US4363862A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1982-12-14 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. | Pressure-fixing apparatus and method |
US4377335A (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-03-22 | Bunnington Corporation | Cryogenically assembled rolls |
US4377336A (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-03-22 | Bunnington Corporation | Heated pressure rolls |
US4444486A (en) * | 1982-06-10 | 1984-04-24 | Xerox Corporation | Three-roll cold pressure fuse for fixing toner images to copy substrates including an overskewed roll |
EP0236934A1 (fr) * | 1986-03-06 | 1987-09-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif de pression |
US4802439A (en) * | 1986-03-06 | 1989-02-07 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Pressure applying mechanism for fixing rollers of a copying apparatus |
US4864331A (en) * | 1986-10-22 | 1989-09-05 | Markem Corporation | Offset electrostatic imaging process |
US5345301A (en) * | 1990-08-06 | 1994-09-06 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Image fixing device and electrophotographic apparatus incorporated with such device |
US5763129A (en) * | 1995-08-01 | 1998-06-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of increasing gloss and transparency clarity of fused toner images |
US11279106B2 (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2022-03-22 | Elopak As | Roller mounting arrangements |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5335728B2 (fr) | 1978-09-28 |
BE805715A (fr) | 1974-02-01 |
NL7314083A (fr) | 1974-05-01 |
JPS4977636A (fr) | 1974-07-26 |
FR2204823B1 (fr) | 1976-06-18 |
AU470034B2 (en) | 1976-03-04 |
FR2204823A1 (fr) | 1974-05-24 |
ZA736014B (en) | 1974-08-28 |
AU5998173A (en) | 1975-03-06 |
IT995554B (it) | 1975-11-20 |
CA1007292A (en) | 1977-03-22 |
DE2353835A1 (de) | 1974-05-09 |
NL153688B (nl) | 1977-06-15 |
GB1440502A (en) | 1976-06-23 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., A DE CORP. Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AM INTERNATIONAL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004332/0512 Effective date: 19841009 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AM INTERNATIONAL, INC. Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:SECURITY PACIFIC BUSINESS CREDIT, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004884/0524 |