Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/665—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans derived from pro-opiomelanocortin, pro-enkephalin or pro-dynorphin
  • C07K14/695—Corticotropin [ACTH]
  • C07K14/6955—Corticotropin [ACTH] with at least 1 amino acid in D-form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/665—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans derived from pro-opiomelanocortin, pro-enkephalin or pro-dynorphin
  • C07K14/695—Corticotropin [ACTH]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

• ABSTRACT Novel peptides of ACTH activity having a complete ACTH sequence from the N-terminal amino acid at least to the sixteenth amino acid, but containing optionally other amino acids in the place of the individual amino acids of the ACTH sequence, and always containing an d-aminooxy acid in the place of the first amino acid have been prepared by deblocking the appropriate protected peptide derivatives.
• the new compounds as well as their acid addition salts, derivatives or complexes possess potent ACTH activities and are resistant to enzymatic decomposition. They can be used in therapy with great advantages.
• the peptide chain of adrenocorticotropic hormones can be modified to a great extent without the cessation of the adrenocorticotropic activity.
• more than one-third of the amino acid chain can be removed from the C- terminal part of the molecule without any decrease of the specific activity.
• Splitting of the further amino acids leads to an abrupt fall of the activity.
• the peptide with the amino acid sequence 1-19 of ACTH possesses 30 percent of the activity of the original molecule, while the activity of the 1-16 ACTH fragment is only about 1 percent of that of the starting substance.
• the removal of the first amino acid from the N-terminal part of the molecule leads to an 50 percent decrease of the activity, E. Schroder, K. Lubke: The Peptides, Academic Press, New York, 1966, pp. 246 to 249.
• the ACTH fragments in which theN-terminal serine group is replaced by a D-amino acid, a non-natural amino acid or an acyl group obtained by omitting the functional groups of serine (e.g. ,B-hydroxypropionyl or propionyl group) sometime possess activities exceeding that of natural ACTH.
• serine e.g. ,B-hydroxypropionyl or propionyl group
• these ACTH fragments of modified structures are resistant to the action of aminopeptidase-type enzymes, thus their decomposition rate in the organism is lower than that of the natural ACTH. Accordingly, these modified ACTH fragments show potent adrenocorticotropic activities also in those instances when the modifying group cannot entirely display the role of the N-terminal serine moiety of the natural hormone.
• this invention relates to novel peptides 2 amino acid, but containing optionally other amino acids in the place of the individual amino acids of the ACTH sequence, and always containing an a-aminooxy acid in the place of the first amino acid.
• the invention relates further to the acid addition salts, derivatives and complexes of said peptides, as well as to a process for the preparation of such compounds.
• the new compounds of the invention may be, for example, substituted peptides containing after the first aminooxy acid the 2-16 to 2-39 fragments of the natural ACTH molecule.
• substituted peptides the individual amino acids of the natural sequence may be replaced by other amino acids, provided that such a replacement does not cause a significant decrease in the ACTH activity.
• the second amino acid may be replaced by phenyl-alamine
• the third amino acid may be replaced by lycine
• the fourth amino acid may be replaced by leucine, norvaline, norleucine or a-amino-butyric acid
• the fifth amino acid may be replaced by glutamine
• the fifteenth and sixteenth amino acids may be replaced by ornithine
• the seventeenth and eighteenth amino acids may be replaced by lysine or ornithine.
• Such replacement possibilities exist first of all with regard to the 25-32 fragment, because even the natural ACTH molecules of different origin of ACTH activities, having a complete ACTH sequence from the N-terminal amino acid at least to the sixteenth differ from each other in the sequence of this fragment.
• the most advantageous compounds with respect to their adrenocorticotropic activities are (L- or D-OSer Asp Ala, Gly )-a -ACTH and.(D-OSer ra ACTH', wherein OSer represents the oz-aminooxy-B-hydroxypropionic acid differing from serine only in the single oxygen atom between the a-carbon atom and the amino group.
• OGly represents a-aminooxy acetic acid
• OAla represents a-aminooxypropionic acid
• the new peptides ofACTH activities, as well as their acid addition salts, derivatives and complexes can be prepared according to the invention starting from a protected peptide having a complete ACTH sequence from the N-terminal amino acid at least to the sixteenth amino acid, but containing optionally other a-amino acids in-the place of the individual amino acids of the ACTH sequence, always containing an a-aininooxy acid in the-place of the first amino acid and carrying protecting groups at least on the terminal aminooxy group and on the amino groups of the side chains and optionally also on the terminal carboxy group and on the carboxy groups of the side chains, deprotecting said peptide in one or more steps, and if desired, converting the obtained compound into its acid addition salts, derivatives or complexes.
• the protected peptides used as starting substances according to the process of the invention can be prepared from the appropriate a-aminooxy acids and amino acids by fragment condensation or by the gradual introduction of the individual amino acids in the proper sequence. In these latter condensation processes the mixed anhydride method, the azide method, the active ester method or the DCC method can be used.
• the so-called solid phase synthesis can also be applied, according to which a peptide attached to a polymer on its terminal carboxy group is built up by coupling the C-terminal amino acid bound to the polymer with the amino acids and with the N-terminal oz-aminoxy acid in the proper sequence.
• the reactive groups which are not allowed to participate in the reaction are protected preferably by protecting groups which can be easily removed again e.g. by hydrolysis, acidolysis, hydrazinolysis or reduction.
• the carboxy group is preferably protected in the form of its methyl, tert.butyl, benzyl or p-chlorobenzyl ester or by converting it into an amide.
• the aminooxy and amino groups are protected preferably with tosyl, trityl, formyl, trifluoroacetyl, o-nitrosulfenyl, phthalyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, p-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, and, most preferably, tert. butoxycarbonyl groups.
• the guanidino group of the arginine moiety can be protected preferably with a nitro group, but this group can also be protected in protonated form.
• the imino group of hystitline can be protected with benzyl, trityl or dinitrophenyl groups.
• the hydroxy groups attached to the side chains can be protected optionally by ether formation, in this instance the tert.butyl and benzyl ethers are the most preferred ones.
• a protected a-aminooxy acid is condensed with a tripeptide methyl ester of the formula Tyr-Ser-Met-OCH the obtained substituted peptide methyl ester is converted into its hydrazide and finally into the azide, and this azide is used for the acylation of a decapeptide of the formula Glu(OBut)-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys(- BOC)-Pro-Val-Gly.
• the thus-obtained substituted tetradecapeptide is then condensed with the appropriately protected C-terminal fragment.
• the substituted tetradecapeptide is condensed with the 15-16 dipcptide, 15-18 tetrapeptide, l5-28 tetradecapcptidc, -32 octadecapeptide or 15-39 tetracosapeptide to yield the appropriately substituted hexadccapeptide, octadecapeptide, octacosapeptide, dotriacontapeptide or nonatriacontapeptide, respectively.
• the DCC or active ester coupling methods can be utilized with great advantages.
• the active ester need not be prepared separately, but it can be formed directly in the reaction mixture from the substituted tetradecapeptide with pentachlorophenol or pentafluorophenol and DCC (see e.g. British Pat. No. 1,201,053).
• the protected peptides always containing an a-aminooxy acid in position 1, used as starting compounds of the process of the invention, can also be prepared as follows: the appropriately protected C-terminal fragment is acylated with the protected 5-14 decapeptide, the N-terminal protecting group of the thus-obtained substituted peptide is removed, and the obtained substance is acylated with the appropriate substituted 1-4 tetrapeptide. in this way the tetrapeptide containing an a-aminooxy. acid as N-terminal moiety can be converted directly into the protected peptide containing an N-terminal a-aminooxy acid, usable as starting substance in the process of the invention.
• the new compounds are obtained in the form of the free bases or as their salts.
• the salts can be convertedinto the free bases by methods well known in the art.
• the free bases can be converted into their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts by contacting them with organic or mineral acids, e.g. hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, formic, acetic, lactic, tartaric, citric acids, higher fatty acids,
• the derivatives of the new compounds are e.g. the esters, amides, N-substituted amides, first of all the peptide amides amidated at the C-terminal carboxy group and containing optionally free carboxy groups in the side chains.
• the pharmaceutically usable complexes of the new peptides according to the invention are compounds formed by contacting the new peptides with certain organic or mineral substances ensuring prolonged activity to the peptides.
• organic compounds may be e.g. some types of gelatine, various carboxymethyl celluloses, alginates, polyphlorethynphosphate, polymeric amino acids or other polymers or copolymers.
• mineral compounds some metal derivatives, first of all the hydroxides and the hardly soluble salts (e.g. phosphates or pyrophosphates) of zinc can be taken into account. in order to ensure a prolonged activity certain silicates can also be used, which form with the peptides insoluble complexes of hitherto unknown structures.
• the new peptides and their salts, derivatives or complexes can be used in the therapy in the form of pharmaceutical products.
• Such pharmaceutical products may contain the active agents in combination with organic or mineral carriers suitable for enteral or parenteral administration.
• the pharmaceutical products may be e.g. solid liophilizates, wherein compounds inert to the peptides, such as mannitol, lactose or starch can be used as carriers.
• the suspensions or emulsions may contain besides the active ingredient and the carrier also inert preserving or stabilizing agents.
• the most advantageous pharmaceutical products contain the new peptides in the form of their complexes mentioned above, which ensure a prolonged activity to the product.
• the pharmaceutical products may contain the active agents in amounts commonly used for adrenocorticotropic hormones, e.g. in a concentration of 0.5 to 5 mg./ml. These products can be administered 1 to 7 times a day by subcutaneous, intramuscular or parenteral route.
• the melting points were determined in a Dr. Tottolitype apparatus (Buchli, Switzerland).
• the thin-layer chromatographic examinations were carried out on a Silica-gel nach Stahl adsorbent, using the following solvent mixtures:
• Step 1 tert.Butoxycarbonyl-aminooxyacetic acid (BOC-OGly) 316.0 g. (2.37 moles) of tert.butoxycarbonylhydroxylamine are dissolved in 2680 ml. of ethanol, and 207.8 g. (5.19 moles) of sodium hydroxide and 350.4 g. (2.52 moles) of monobromacetic acid are added to the solution with cooling. The reaction mixture is refluxed for 20 minutes, thereafter the solvent is distilled off. The residue is dissolved in 1940 ml. of water, and the solution is acidified to pH 3 with concentrated hydrochloric acid.
• BOC-OGly tert.Butoxycarbonyl-aminooxyacetic acid
• Step 2 BOC-0Gly-Tyr-Ser-Met-N H 1.72 :g. (9.0 mmoles) of BOC-OGly and 4.50 g. (10 mmoles) of Tyr-Ser-Met-OCH .HCl are dissolved in 10 ml. of dimethyl formamide. The solution is cooled to 0C, and 1.11 ml. 10 mmoles of N-methyl-morpholine and 1.85 g. (9.0 mmoles) of DCC are added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour at 0C, thereafter the mixture is left to stand at room temperature overnight.
• the separated DCU is filtered off, the filtrate is evaporated, and the residue is dissolved in 200 ml. of ethyl acetate.
• the solution is washed with 2 X ml. of n hydrochloric acid and 2 X 100 ml. of 8 percent aqueous sodium hydrocarbonate solution, dried and evaporated.
• the obtained 4.5 g. of crude substituted protected tetrapeptide methyl ester are dissolved in 45 ml. of methanol, 1.26 ml. (26.0 mmoles) of hydrazine hydrate are added to the solution, and the mixture is left to stand at room temperature overnight. Thereafter the solution is evaporated, and the residue is triturated with ethyl acetate.
• Step 3 BOC-OGly-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu(OBu')-His-Phe-Arg-Trp- Gly-Lys( BOC )-Pro-Val-Gly.HCl.
• reaction mixture is stirred at to 0C for 1 hour,
• Step 4 0.345 g. (0.176 mmoles) of BOC-OGly-Tyr-SerMet- Glu(OBu)-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys(BOC)-Pro-Val- Gly-HCI, 0.400 g. (0.176 mmoles) of Lys(BOC)- Lys(BOC)-Arg-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys(BOC)-Val-Tyr(Bu')- Pro-Asp(OBu)-Ala-Gly Glu(OBu')-OBu'-3HCl (see British Pat. No. 1,201,053) and 0.281 g.
• the above crude trifluoroacetate compound is dissolved in ml. of water, and the trifluoroacetate ions are changed for acetate ions-using a Dowex 1X8 ion exchanger in acetate form.
• the obtained solution containing now the acetate of the substituted octacosapeptide, is poured onto a Whatman CM-52 ion exchanger column, and eluted with a linear buffer gradient using 0.01 molar (pH 4.5) and 0.4 molar (pH 6.7) ammonium acetate buffers.
• the fractions containing the aimed product are combined and freeze-dried. 0.23 g.
• the protected substituted octacosapeptide trihydrochloride used as starting substance is prepared as follows:
• Step 1 tert.butoxycarbonyl-l-ot-aminooxy-propionic acid (BOC-OAla) 4.0 g. (29 mmoles) of D-a-bromopropionic acid are reacted with 3.62 g. (65 mmoles) of potassium hydroxide and 4.39 g. (33 mmoles) of tert.butoxycarbonylhydroxylamine as described in Example 1, Step 1.
• the reaction mixture is processed as indicated in the same example.
• the obtained crude product is dissolved in ether, and 6.3 ml. (32 mmoles) of dicyclohexylamine are added. This way 6.7 g.
• Step 4 0.348 g. (0.176 mmoles) of BOC-OAla-Tyr-Ser-Met- Glu(OBu)-l-lis-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys(BOC)-Pro-Val- Gly.HCl, 0.400 g. (0.176 mmoles) of Lys(BOC)- Lys( BOC )-Arg-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys(BOC)-Val-Tyr(Bu)- Pro-Asp(OBu)-Ala-Gly-Glu(OBu)-OBu.3HCl and 0.281 g. (1.05 mmoles) of PCPOH are dissolved in 3.3 ml.
• the obtained solution containing now the acetate of the substituted octacosapeptide, is poured onto a Whatman CM-52 ion exchanger column. and eluted with a linear buffer gradient using 0.01 molar (pH 4.5) and 0.4 molar (pH 6.7) ammonium acetate buffers. The fractions containing 10 the aimed product are combined and freeze-dried. 0.245 g. (39%) of the title compoundare obtained, having the following analytical data: peptide content: (on the basis of UV absorption); Met-sulfoxide content: 2.57%; Tyr/lrp ratio: 2.07.
• the protected substituted octacosapeptide trihydrochloride used as starting substance is prepared as follows:
• Step 1 tert.butoxycarbonyl-D-a-aminooxypropionic acid (BOC-D-OAla) bromopropionic acid dicyclohexylamine salt are obtained; m.p.: 157C.
• This salt is suspended in ether, the suspension is shaken with 0.2 n sulfuric acid, and the etheral phase is evaporated. 6.55 g. (62 of the title compound are obtained; m.p.: 1l0-111C. [01],, +90.0 (c l, in ethanol).
• Step 2 BOC-D-OAla-Tyr-Ser-Met-N H 1.85 g. (9.0 mmoles) of BOC-D-OAla and 4.50 g. (10 mmoles) ofTyr-Ser-Met-OCH3.l-1Cl are dissolved in 15 ml. of dimethyl formamide. The solution is cooled to 0C, and 1.11 ml. 10 mmoles) of N-methylmorpholine and 1.90 g. (9.2 mmoles) of DCC are added. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0C for 1 hour, thenleft to stand at room temperature overnight. Thereafter the separated DCU is filtered off, the filtrate is evaporated and the residue is dissolved in 200 ml.
• Step 4 BOC-D-OAla-Tyr-Ser-Met-G1u(OBu') His-Phe 0.348 g. (0.176 mmoles) of BOC-D-OAla-Tyr-Ser Met-Glu(OBu')-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys(BOC)-Pro Val-(31y. .HCl, 0.400 g.
• the reaction mixture is left to stand at room temperature for 2 days, thereafter the separated DCU is filtered off, and the filtrate is diluted with 30 ml. of ether. The precipitated product is filtered off, washed with ether, and dried. 0.647 g.
• Step 2 tert.Butoxycarbonyl-L-oz-aminooxy-B-hydroxypropionic acid (BOC-OSer).
• Step 3 BOC-OSer-Tyr-Ser-Met-N H 2.2 g. (10 mmoles) of BOCOSerand 4.50 g. (10 mmoles) of Tyr-Ser-Met-OCH .HCl are dissolved in 15 ml. of dimethyl formamide. The solution is cooled to 0C, and 1.11 ml. (10 mmoles) of N-methylmorpholine and then 1.90 g. (9.2 mmoles) of DCC are added. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0C for 1 hour and left to stand at room temperature overnight. The separated DCU is filtered off, and the filtrate is evaporated. The residue is dissolved in 200 ml. of ethyl acetate.
• step 4 BOC-OSer-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu( OBu)-His-Phe-Arg-Trpv Gly-Lys(BOC)-Pro Val-Gly-.HCl
• Step 5 BOC-OSer-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu(OBu')-His-Phe-Arg-Trp- Gly-Lys( BOC )-Pro-Val-Gly-Lys( BOC )-Lys( BOC Arg-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys( BOC )-Val-Tyr(Bu)-Pro- Asp( OBu')-Ala-Gly-Glu( OBu')-OB u'.3HCl
• Step 1 tert.Butoxycarbonyl-D-a-aminooxy-B-benzyloxypropionic acid
• Upon decomposing the salt 7.9 g. (14%) of tert. butoxycarbonyl-D-a-aminooxy-B-benZyloxy-propionic acid are obtained, m.p.: 9698"C,[oz],,'- +38 (c l, in ethanol).
• Step 2 tert.Butoxycarbonyl-D-a-aminooxy-B-hydroxypropionic acid (BOC-D-OSer) 5.5 g. (17.7 mmoles) of D-a-tertbutoxycarbonylaminoxy-B-benzyloxy propionic acid are dissolved in l 10 ml. of methanol, and the solution is hydrogenated in the presence of 2.75 g. of 10 percent palladium-oncarbon catalyst. After 3 hours of reaction the catalyst is filtered off, the filtrate is evaporated, and the oily residue is covered with petroleum ether. After several hours of standing the crystalline substance is filtered off, and dried. 3.65 g.
• Step 3 BOC-D-OSer-Tyr-ser-Met-N l l 4.4 g. (20 mmoles) of BOC-D-OSer and 9.0 g. (20 mmoles) of Tyr-Ser-Met-OCl-l are dissolved in 30 ml. of dimethyl formamide. The solution is cooled to C, and 2.22 ml. (20 mmoles) of N-methyl morpholine and then 3.8 g. (18.4 mmoles) of DOC are added. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0C for one hour, and then left to stand at room temperature overnight. The separated DCU is filtered off, the filtrate is evaporated, and the residue is dissolved in 400 ml.
• Step 4 BOC-D-OSer-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu(OBu)-His-Phe-Arg- Trp-Gly-Lys(BOC )-Pro-Val-Gly.HCl
• Step 5 BOC-D-OSer-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu(OBu')-His-Phe-Arg- Trp-Gly-Lys(BOC)-Pro-Val-Gly-Lys(BOC)- Lys( BOC )-Arg-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys( BOC )-Val-Tyr- (BU)-Pro-Asp(OBu')-Ala-Gly-Glu(OBu)-OBu.3HCl
• Step 2 Glu(OBu')-Ser-Ala-OBu 16.0 g. (29.0 mmoles) of Z-Glu(OBu') Ser-Ala-Obu are dissolved in 350 ml. of methanol, and the mixture is hydrogenated in the presence of 1.6 g. of percent palladium-on-carbon catalyst. When the reaction terminates the catalyst is filtered off, the solvent is evaporated, and the residue is recrystallized from a mixture of methanol and ether. 9.06 g. (75%) of the title compound are obtained, m.p.: l35136C, R, 0.15, [01],, 25.9 (c l, in ethanol).
• Step 3 Z-Asp(OBu)-Ser-Ala-OBu' 8.2 g. (19.6 mmoles) of G1u(OBu')-Ser-Ala-OBu" 10.5 g. (14.5 mmoles) of Z-Asp(OBU)-Glu(OBU')- Ser-Ala-OBu' are dissolved in 130 ml. of methanol, and the mixture is hydrogenated in the presence of l g. of 10 percent palladium-on carbon catalyst. When the reaction terminates the catalyst is filtered off, the solution is evaporated, and the residue is suspended in petroleum ether and filtered. 8.35 g. (97.5%) of the title compound are obtained, m.p.: 8081C, Rf 0.1, [01],, 24.3 (c 1, in ethanol), empirical formula: C ,H,,,N O (588.68).
• Step 9 2.45 g. (13.3 mmoles) of PFPOH, 1.31 g. (4.02 mmoles) of Z-Asn G1y and 3.40 g. (4.02 mmoles) of Ala-Glu(OBu')-Asp(OBu)-Glu(OBu)-Ser-Ala-OBu are dissolved in 24 ml. of dry dimethyl formamide, the solution is cooled to 0C, and 0.915 g. (4.43 mmoles) of DCC are added. The reaction mixture is stirred at 0C for 0.5 hours and then at room temperature for 2.5 hours, the separated DCU is filtered off, and the filtrate is evaporated. The solid residue is triturated with ethyl acetate and filtered. The crude product is boiled in 20 ml. of ethyl acetate, filtered, and washed with 2X10 ml.
• Step 12 Lys(BOCl-LystBOC)-Arg-Arg-Pro-Val-Lys(BOC)- Val-Tyr( Bu)Pro-Asn-Gly-Ala-Glu( OBu')-Glu( OBu)- Ser-Ala-OBu'.3HCl
• an a-aminooxy acid selected from the group consisting of the a-aminooxy acids corresponding to glycine, L- alanine
• a peptide with adrenoeorticotropic-hormonal activity selected from the group which consists of: Oglytyr-ser-met-glu-his-phe-arg-trp-gly-lys-pro-val-gly-lyslys-arg-arg-pro-val-lys-val-tyr-pro-asp-ala-gly-glu, Oala-tyr-ser-met-g1u-his-phe-arg-trp-gly-lys-pro-val-glylys-lys-arg-arg-pro-val-lys-val-tyr-pro-asp-ala-gly-glu, Oser-tyr-ser-met-glu-hisphe-arg-trp-g1y-lys-pro-valgly-lys-lys-arg-arg-pro-val-lys-val-tyr-pro-asp-ala-gly-glu,

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