US3847002A - Method of producing steel wire and strand for pre-stressed concrete construction - Google Patents

Method of producing steel wire and strand for pre-stressed concrete construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3847002A
US3847002A US00319712A US31971272A US3847002A US 3847002 A US3847002 A US 3847002A US 00319712 A US00319712 A US 00319712A US 31971272 A US31971272 A US 31971272A US 3847002 A US3847002 A US 3847002A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wire
percent
steel wire
tension
tensile strength
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00319712A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Suzuki
M Hagiwara
N Teraoka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SUZUKE METAL IND CO Ltd
SUZUKE METAL IND CO Ltd JA
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SUZUKE METAL IND CO Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0693—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a strand configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F9/00—Straining wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F9/00—Straining wire
    • B21F9/005—Straining wire to affect the material properties of the wire
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/10—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars
    • C21D7/105—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars of concrete reinforcing bars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3025—Steel
    • D07B2205/3046—Steel characterised by the carbon content
    • D07B2205/3053—Steel characterised by the carbon content having a medium carbon content, e.g. greater than 0,5 percent and lower than 0.8 percent respectively HT wires
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2015—Construction industries
    • D07B2501/2023—Concrete enforcements

Definitions

  • Larson Attorney, Agent, or FirmWenderoth, Lind & Ponack ABSTRACT A method of producing steel wires and strands for prestressed concrete construction, with low relaxation value and excellent straightness, which comprises applying in the ordinary low-temperature annealing range of 300400C to cold drawn steel wire and strand formed therefrom containing 0.6 0.9 percent of carbon, a tension corresponding to 10-50 percent of the tensile strength of the cold drawn wire at room temperature and, at the same time, a bending stress so as to give 0.1-0.5 percent maximum surface strain.
  • FIG.1 0 SPECIMEN TREATED BY ORDINARY PROCESS O 0 SPECIMEN TREATED BY PRESENT 1 lNvENTIvE PROCESS E I 2 i Z 9. if 4 X I v E 6 I I I I TIME RE UIRED FOR EXPERIMENTS (HOUR) FIG.1
  • the present invention relates to a method of producing wire and wire strand for pre-stressed concrete construction.
  • pre-stressing wires have been increasingly in demand for large pre-stressed concrete constructions such as pre-stressed concrete pressure vessels, bridges and piles.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an advantageous method for producing steel wire and wire strand for pre-stressed concrete construction which is free from the above defects and less susceptiand other mechanical properties.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method which can produce steel wire and wire strand for pre-stressed concrete construction economically and by a simplified process.
  • the objects of the present invention can be attained by applying simultaneously tension and bending stress to cold drawn steel wire or steel wire strand after working in an ordinary stress relieving temperature range.
  • the present invention is characterized in that steel wire or steel wire strand is subjected simultaneously to tension and bending stress while it is kept hot, so that the high tensile strength, high ductility and low relaxation, as well as precise straightness, required for steel wire for pre-stressed concrete construction, can be obtained.
  • hot tension and bending not only is the tension normally required for simple tension application for obtaining desired improvements is remarkably moderated, but also straighter wires are obtained. As compared with simple bending, remarkable improvements in material qualities are obtained.
  • Table 1 shows comparisons between various conventional processes and the present inventive process.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show respectively a schematic side view of an example of the apparatus used for the present inventive process.
  • FlG. 3 shows a schematic side view of the apparatus when the present inventive process is applied to the production of steel wire strand used for pre-stressed concrete construction.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view for explaining the height of bending ble to stress relaxation but has excellent straightness are.
  • FIG. 5 shows the effects on the relaxation value of the degree of bending and tension.
  • FIG. 6 shows the effects on straightness of the degree of bending and tension.
  • FIG. 7 compares the relaxation curves of the steel wire strand for pre-stressed concrete construction produced by the present invention and the steel wire strand produced by an ordinary process, from the same material.
  • the main construction of the apparatus for applying the present inventive process is composed of a tension machine (2 in FIG. 1, 2' in FIG. 2) for applying tension to the steel wire and wire strand, a heating device (4 in FIG. 1, 4a and 4'12 in FIG. 2 and 12 in FIG. 3) for heating steel wire 1, a straightener (5 in FIG. 1, 5 in FIG. 2 and 13 in FIG. 3), a cooling bath (6 in FIG. 1, 6 in FIG. 2 and 14 in FIG. 3), and a pulling capstan (7 in FIG. 1, 7' in FIG. 2 and 15 in FIG. 3).
  • the tension machine for applying tension to steel wire I to be treated may be of such structure as a simple brake drum since its required pulling force is small.
  • the heating of the steel wire 1 may be done by direct resistance heating, as shown in FIG. 1, or by pre-
  • the cooling bath is important for improving the relaxation value and straightness of the processed steel wire as well as for the general feasibility of the process.
  • the pulling capstan must have a drum diameter more than 300 times that of the steel wire diameter in order to pull the tensioned steel wire and not to deteriorate its straightness.
  • the steel wire is heated mainly by an electric heating device.
  • the steel wire supplied from the carrier is subjected to tension by tension device 2, and the thus tensioned steel wire 1 is heated to a predetermined temperature by direct resistance heating in heating device 4, which is composed of first heating electrode 3 and the second electrode which works also functions as straightener 5.
  • the steel wire in the heated and tensioned condition is subjected to bending stress and straightened by straightener 5 (rollers for applying repeated bending or a rotary straightening machine, etc.).
  • the hot worked steel wire is cooled in cooling bath 6 and pulled around capstan 7.
  • second electrode 5 is used as a straightener for the reason that the temperature of the heated steel wire is highest when the wire passes the second electrode and hence it is most effective to strighten the wire at this point.
  • the steel wire is pre-heated by gas furnace 4a and is uniformly heated by electric heating device 4b having electrode rollers 3'0 and 372 so as to obtain uniform heating with relatively small temperature gradient.
  • Steel wire 1 is subjected to tension by tension device 2 and is uniformly heated by gas heating furnace 4a and electric heating device 4'b.
  • Heated steel wire 1 is straightened by a straightener 5' (rollers for applying repeated bending or a rotary straightening machine etc.), then water-cooled in cooling bath 6 and taken up by capstan 7.
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement of apparatus used when the present invention is applied to the production of steel wire strand for pre-stressed concrete construction.
  • Steel wire 9 is stranded into steel wire strand 10 by stranding machine 8 and the wire strand is wound once around winding drum 1].
  • steel wire strand 10 is heated by commonly used heating device 12 (induction heating furnace, tube type electric furnace. etc.), straightened by straightener 13 (rotary straightening machine, etc.), water-cooled in cooling bath l4 and taken up around capstan drum 15.
  • the tension of the steel wire strand at this time is given by the working resistance and the speed variation between the winding machine and the capstan 15.
  • the maximum strain in the case of the neutral line of a wire ofd diameter, the maximum strain can be expressed as below by the bend radius (R), the length of the chord of the bending are (l), and the height of the bending arc emax d/2/R emax 11/11 1 /4 d
  • the height of the bending are necessary to give the maximum strain e max to the wire diameter d can be expressed as below
  • the height of the bending arc is given so as to produce the surface strain necessary for a single wire on the surface of outer component wires, with regard to the flexibility of the wire strand. The value can be obtained by multiplying.
  • the bending condition will be expressed by the maximum strain for a single steel wire, while it will be expressed by the height of the bending arc and the length of the chord of the bending are for steel wire strand.
  • Example I A single cold drawn steel wire having the composition (JIS SWRS 778), shown in Table 2, of5 mm diameter is subjected to the process of the present invention at a working temperature of 340C, with a maximum strain of 0.2 0.5 percent and a specific load 10 45 percent, to determine the effects on the relaxation and a straightness.
  • FIG. 5 shows the variation in the relaxation value
  • FIG. 6 shows the variation in the straightness (expressed by the curvature of the wire).
  • the effects on the 1000 hr relaxation value and the straightness are shown in comparisonwith the results obtained by the hot simple tension process in Table 7. From the results it is apparent percent after 100 hours, with the hot simple bending that a height of bending arc of 3 to 9 mm is desirable.
  • Example 2 Steel wire strand of 9.3 mm diameter, having the Example 4 Table 8 Relaxation 88 50.2 Elonga- 92 (I000 hr) kg/mm kg/mm tion "/1 Ordinary Process 5.5 186 l67 6.0 Present Invention [.4 [86 177 6.0
  • a method of producing steel wire and strand for prestressed concrete construction, having low relaxation value and excellent straightness which comprises the steps of applying, in the ordinary low-temperature annealing range of 300 400C, to cold drawn steel wire and strand composed thereof, containing 0.6 0.9 percent of carbon, a tension corresponding to 10 7 50 percent of the tensile strength of the cold drawn wire at room temperature and, simultaneously applying a bending stress so as to give 0.1 0.5 percent maximum surface strain.
US00319712A 1972-06-13 1972-12-29 Method of producing steel wire and strand for pre-stressed concrete construction Expired - Lifetime US3847002A (en)

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JP47058177A JPS4917362A (ja) 1972-06-13 1972-06-13

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4404047A (en) * 1980-12-10 1983-09-13 Lasalle Steel Company Process for the improved heat treatment of steels using direct electrical resistance heating
US4938811A (en) * 1988-07-15 1990-07-03 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Steel wire for a spring and method for the production thereof
US5868050A (en) * 1994-04-29 1999-02-09 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Process and device for the continuous, chipless separation of individual rings from tubular workpieces
NL1011151C2 (nl) * 1999-01-27 2000-07-31 Bekaert Sa Nv Matstapeling voor toepassing in bouwdelen uit beton; mat als onderdeel daarvan en bouwdeel uit beton voorzien van een matstapeling.
EP1437451A1 (fr) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-14 Fontainunion S.A. Elément filaire de renforcement pour béton
EP1988210A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2008-11-05 Sumitomo (Sei) Steel Wire Corp. High-strength pc steel stranded wire, process for manufacturing the same, and concrete structure utilizing the wire
US20130269308A1 (en) * 2012-04-12 2013-10-17 Kurosawa Construction Co., Ltd. Double rustproof pc strand
CN103590539A (zh) * 2013-10-17 2014-02-19 天津鑫坤泰预应力专业技术有限公司 一种成品钢绞线束
US20180297408A1 (en) * 2013-07-29 2018-10-18 Nv Bekaert Sa Straight steel monofilament for a belt ply
CN110914461A (zh) * 2017-07-17 2020-03-24 弘德产业株式会社 具有优异直线品质的轮胎加固用钢丝帘线和单一钢丝及其制造方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61238418A (ja) * 1985-04-15 1986-10-23 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 直線性にすぐれた棒材の引抜装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3130088A (en) * 1958-12-31 1964-04-21 Armco Steel Corp Thermal-flattening of metallic strip
US3469829A (en) * 1966-06-16 1969-09-30 Nippon Kokan Kk Apparatus for producing wire of high tensile strength
US3580746A (en) * 1966-10-04 1971-05-25 Trefileries & Cableries De Bou Process for the modification of the mechanical characteristics of carbon steel wire
US3605469A (en) * 1967-09-23 1971-09-20 Martin T Queralto Method and apparatus for improving the properties of steel rope

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5234016B2 (ja) * 1973-06-27 1977-09-01

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3130088A (en) * 1958-12-31 1964-04-21 Armco Steel Corp Thermal-flattening of metallic strip
US3469829A (en) * 1966-06-16 1969-09-30 Nippon Kokan Kk Apparatus for producing wire of high tensile strength
US3580746A (en) * 1966-10-04 1971-05-25 Trefileries & Cableries De Bou Process for the modification of the mechanical characteristics of carbon steel wire
US3605469A (en) * 1967-09-23 1971-09-20 Martin T Queralto Method and apparatus for improving the properties of steel rope

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4404047A (en) * 1980-12-10 1983-09-13 Lasalle Steel Company Process for the improved heat treatment of steels using direct electrical resistance heating
US4938811A (en) * 1988-07-15 1990-07-03 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Steel wire for a spring and method for the production thereof
US5868050A (en) * 1994-04-29 1999-02-09 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Process and device for the continuous, chipless separation of individual rings from tubular workpieces
NL1011151C2 (nl) * 1999-01-27 2000-07-31 Bekaert Sa Nv Matstapeling voor toepassing in bouwdelen uit beton; mat als onderdeel daarvan en bouwdeel uit beton voorzien van een matstapeling.
WO2000045007A1 (en) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-03 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Mat pile for use in concrete construction parts, mat as a component thereof, and a concrete construction part provided with a mat pile
EP1437451A1 (fr) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-14 Fontainunion S.A. Elément filaire de renforcement pour béton
BE1015295A3 (fr) * 2003-01-08 2005-01-11 Fontainunion S A Element de renforcement pour beton.
US7861507B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2011-01-04 Sumitomo (Sei) Steel Wire Corp. High-strength prestressing strand, method for manufacturing the same, and concrete construction using the same
EP1988210A4 (en) * 2006-02-23 2010-04-28 Sumitomo Sei Steel Wire Corp HIGH STRENGTH TENDER STEEL LIGHT WIRE, PRODUCTION PROGRAMS AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION THEREOF
US20100108197A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2010-05-06 Sumitomo (Sei) Steel Wire Corp. High-strength pc steel stranded wire, process for manufacturing the same, and concrete structure utilizing the wire
EP1988210A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2008-11-05 Sumitomo (Sei) Steel Wire Corp. High-strength pc steel stranded wire, process for manufacturing the same, and concrete structure utilizing the wire
CN101326325B (zh) * 2006-02-23 2012-11-28 住友电工钢线株式会社 高强度预应力绞线及其制造方法和使用该绞线的混凝土结构
US8833050B2 (en) * 2012-04-12 2014-09-16 Kurosawa Construction Co., Ltd. Double rustproof PC strand
US20130269308A1 (en) * 2012-04-12 2013-10-17 Kurosawa Construction Co., Ltd. Double rustproof pc strand
US20180297408A1 (en) * 2013-07-29 2018-10-18 Nv Bekaert Sa Straight steel monofilament for a belt ply
US11072205B2 (en) * 2013-07-29 2021-07-27 Nv Bekaert Sa Straight steel monofilament for a belt ply
CN103590539A (zh) * 2013-10-17 2014-02-19 天津鑫坤泰预应力专业技术有限公司 一种成品钢绞线束
CN103590539B (zh) * 2013-10-17 2016-08-17 天津鑫坤泰预应力专业技术有限公司 一种成品钢绞线束
CN110914461A (zh) * 2017-07-17 2020-03-24 弘德产业株式会社 具有优异直线品质的轮胎加固用钢丝帘线和单一钢丝及其制造方法
EP3620543A4 (en) * 2017-07-17 2020-12-16 Hongduk Industrial Co., Ltd. STEEL CABLE AND SINGLE STEEL WIRE HAVING EXCELLENT QUALITY OF STRAIGHTNESS FOR THE REINFORCEMENT OF A TIRE, AND PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF THESE LATEST
CN110914461B (zh) * 2017-07-17 2021-09-28 弘德产业株式会社 具有优异直线品质的轮胎加固用钢丝帘线和单一钢丝及其制造方法

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