EP1437451A1 - Elément filaire de renforcement pour béton - Google Patents
Elément filaire de renforcement pour béton Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1437451A1 EP1437451A1 EP04366001A EP04366001A EP1437451A1 EP 1437451 A1 EP1437451 A1 EP 1437451A1 EP 04366001 A EP04366001 A EP 04366001A EP 04366001 A EP04366001 A EP 04366001A EP 1437451 A1 EP1437451 A1 EP 1437451A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- notches
- element according
- wires
- wire element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000954 Medium-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/08—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core the layers of which are formed of profiled interlocking wires, i.e. the strands forming concentric layers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
- D07B5/005—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
- E04C5/03—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance with indentations, projections, ribs, or the like, for augmenting the adherence to the concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0693—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a strand configuration
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
- D07B2201/2002—Wires or filaments characterised by their cross-sectional shape
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
- D07B2201/2007—Wires or filaments characterised by their longitudinal shape
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2501/00—Application field
- D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
- D07B2501/2015—Construction industries
- D07B2501/2023—Concrete enforcements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to wire elements for reinforcing steel suitable for use as reinforcements, for example in the form of sheets metal, for the construction of roads, towpaths, etc ... and more generally of any reinforced concrete structure that can be built continuously or is likely to be.
- the continuous construction of concrete road sections armed for example requires a long and tedious job of reinforcement when, as this is generally the case, the metal tablecloth is constructed from bars delivered in boots cut to a length of about a dozen meters and one must be dropped off following the other then tie them at the end two by two as the advancement of the structure by providing for an overlap length between bars consecutive not necessary to the robustness of the structure.
- the present invention aims to reduce the assembly work of the reinforcement and avoid bad reinforcement links in the longitudinal direction.
- the subject of the invention is a wire element for reinforcing reinforced concrete for the production of continuous structures, element characterized in that it consists of a strand comprising a central core surrounded by a series of '' at least six notched steel wires wound helically around it to form an outer layer, in that said winding helices have a pitch of between 125 and 400 mm approximately, and in that said strand is made of steel ensuring, on the one hand, a breaking strength of between 800 and 1,400 N / mm 2 approximately and, on the other hand, a straightness such that its maximum deflection is less than approximately 25 mm for 1 m in length, a once the coiled strand is deployed.
- notched wire is meant a wire having on the surface a series of notches, or teeth, in relief.
- a notched wire within the meaning of the invention does not include surface wires indented, that is to say with hollow imprints.
- the notched wire will preferably be substantially symmetrical.
- the notches will however advantageously oriented in a direction forming an angle substantially constant with respect to the central axis of the wire. This angle is for example between 2 and 60 °, advantageously between 5 and 45 ° and preferably around 30 °.
- the body, or central core is itself advantageously a steel wire, which wire can be smooth, notched or indented on the surface. It advantageously presents a cross section at least equal to 1.03 times the average cross section of the notched wires which surround it and which conventionally have a diameter between 3 and 6 mm.
- the helix pitch of the winding of the wires around the core is advantageously substantially constant and preferably between 200 and 300 mm.
- the wired concrete reinforcing element according to the invention can be of monolayer type surrounding the central core or multi-layer type.
- element may have a single layer of six wires wrapped helically around the core central.
- the element comprises two superimposed layers surrounding the central body, the outer layer being formed of nine notched wires, while the inner layer is also formed by nine wires, this inner layer surrounding the central wire.
- the wires of the inner layer can be smooth, notched them also, or present intaglio prints.
- the element is made of a medium carbon steel grade, for example 0.46% C (in any case less than 0.6% and preferably between 0.3 and 0.6%) ensuring a breaking strength of between 1,000 and 1,300 N / mm 2 approximately and a straightness such that its maximum residual deflection, coming from its plastic deformation on a winding support, is less than approximately 25 mm per meter of length (and preferably as low as possible) when it comes to be unwound from its support at the time of its deployment during the construction of the concrete structure for which it is intended, the roadway in particular. It will be noted that its diameter is of the order of 50 times and more less than that of the winding mandrel which receives it.
- the notched wires of the layer external have at least two distinct series of notches: the notches of a first series being carried by a longitudinal zone of the surface of the wire distinct from the zone longitudinal of the surface which carries the notches of the second series.
- the notches have preferably a height between 0.25 and 0.60 mm, a width at the top between 1 and 1.5 mm, a length between 3 and 5 mm, and are arranged, for each series, one after the other with a spacing of between 3 and 6 mm.
- the reinforcing wire element according to the invention advantageously has an overall cross section of between 90 and 200 mm 2 .
- the element has undergone a thermo-mechanical treatment at a temperature between 200 and 500 ° C, and preferably between 350 and 450 ° C, said treatment being carried out continuously on the element subjected to an elongation between 0.5 and 2%, preferably about 1%.
- thermo-mechanical treatment allows if necessary, relax certain mechanical constraints linked to the manufacturing process, but also to increase its elastic limit Re.
- a major advantage of the invention is to be able present to the realization of a reinforced concrete structure in front of or which can be built in continuous, in particular at the parade on the site of use itself, a wire element of flexible steel reinforcement, with surface anchoring notches, and can be rolled out on site from its support reel as the work progresses, therefore in length infinite theoretical, in other words which, unlike rigid bars, does not require overlap length to be tied to ensure its continuity once deposited in the work in progress.
- the element advantageously has a length at least 100 meters, in particular at least 500 meters, preferably at least 1 000 meters.
- the invention also relates to the use of a wire element according to the invention to form a reinforcement in any concrete structure in front of or capable of being continuously produced on its site of use, and therefore such a reinforced concrete structure with a reinforcement at least partially formed with a wire element according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the packaging of the wire element according to the invention in the form of a coil, the diameter of the element to be wound being chosen to be less than 50 times and more the diameter of the support mandrel which receives it.
- the coil thus has an element length which can be adapted as required, for example example a length of 100 m, 500 m, 1,000 m, 2,000 m, 4,000 m, 5,000 m, 10,000 m, see more.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing a wired reinforcing element according to the invention, in which the successive portions of a element according to the invention are subjected to a thermo-mechanical treatment at a temperature between 200 and 500 ° C under an elongation between 0.5 and 2% for a period of 1 to 30 seconds, before being subjected to forced cooling to quickly lower its temperature below 150 ° C.
- the reinforcing element (seven-wire) shown in Figures 1 and 2 includes a smooth steel wire 1 forming the central core of the element and a series of six steel wires notches 2 forming a compact outer layer covering the central core 1.
- the notches are formed at the end of the drawing operation which makes it possible to obtain the desired diameter from a wire rod supplied with crowns.
- the drawn wire passes in a finishing cage with honeycombed rollers which print the notches on the surface of the wire. After stranding, a heat treatment is carried out (see below), the strand is then wound and directed towards the expedition park.
- the average diameter of the steel wires 1 and 2 is for example around 4 to 5 mm.
- the average diameter of a notched wire is calculated on the basis of its weight per unit of length.
- the diameter of the wire 1 constituting the core is for example equal to approximately 1.03 to 1.05 times the average diameter of a notched wire.
- the notched steel wires 2 are twisted around the central core 1 using a traditional stranding machine for cables to ultimately form a continuous twisted web enveloping the nucleus. During the stranding, each wire 2 thus follows a shaped path propeller whose pitch P is substantially constant and corresponds to approximately 23 cm.
- the wires 2 have three rows of notches occupying three respectively separate longitudinal areas of the surface 20, 21, 22. Each row extends substantially parallel to the axis of the wire considered (see in Figure 3 wire 2 before its helical positioning).
- the rows of notches 20, 21, 22 extend over the surface of the wire in forming a constant angle with respect to the central axis 24 of the wire considered (this angle corresponds to the angle between the central axis and the plane of symmetry 25 of a notch).
- the notches have for example a height "h" of about 0.4mm, a width of the base LB of about 1.6mm, a width at the top LS of about 1.2mm, and a spacing E between two successive notches of about 2.6mm (the notches are therefore arranged helically one after the other along the wire with a PP pitch of about 4.2 mm.
- the rows of notches are for example arranged along longitudinal zones offset by 120 ° therebetween in order to be regularly distributed over the surface of the wire.
- the notches of a row are advantageously offset relative to the longitudinal position of the notches.
- the notches have for example a length "1" corresponding to approximately 100-120 ° of the circumference of the wire.
- the total cross section of the element is for example around 90 to 200 mm 2 for a diameter of the element from 11 to 19 mm.
- the notches or teeth wires 2 are placed naturally so as to form stops which oppose longitudinal movements of the wires 2 relative to the core wire 1.
- the wire element shown in Figures 1 and 2 is advantageously subjected to a heat treatment under traction.
- processing is done in a way continues on successive portions of the element.
- This treatment is for example carried out at a temperature of approximately 400 ° C. while ensuring a tensile elongation of 1% of the portion during its heat treatment.
- the heat treatment is carried out during a ten seconds.
- the portion is sprayed of water or passes into a water bath so as to lower suddenly (almost instantaneous) its temperature below 100 ° C.
- This treatment eliminates tensions present during the manufacture of the element, but also to increase its limit of elasticity Re for an elongation of less than 0.5%, for example for an elongation 0.2%.
- the steel of wires 1 and 2 according to the invention is preferably chosen in a "semi-hard" grade, with low or medium carbon (ie with a carbon content not exceeding 0.6% by weight) facilitating cold notching, and so that, on the one hand, the tensile strength Rm of the element is between 800 and 1400 N / mm 2 and preferably between 1100 and 1200 N / mm 2 , and that, on the other hand, after having been unwound from a coil 10 with a central mandrel 11 (see FIGS.
- Tests were carried out with strands according to the invention (breaking strength Rm of 1100 N / mm 2 , cross section of approximately 95 mm 2 notched peripheral wires around a smooth steel wire) and with conventional bars with a diameter of the order of 14 -16 mm.
- the element according to the invention is then advantageously used to produce continuous longitudinal reinforcement for concrete track sections, providing a significant reduction in the work of assembling the reinforcement and avoiding bad reinforcing links in the longitudinal direction.
- the central core is preferably also made of steel, as the sons around him are not necessarily an obligation. Other materials may be appropriate. However, care will be taken to ensure that they can high temperatures of the strand heat treatment, if this is to take place.
- a notch zone can have a different orientation than the other zones relative to the axis some thread.
- notching or “notches” it should be understood that it is a question of relief patterns to ensure an anchoring effect of the concrete on the surface of the wire.
- These patterns in relief can be discontinuous patterns (teeth) distributed on the surface of the wire, as described in the examples above. They can also be continuous patterns, then forming rather ribs on the surface of the wire, it being understood however that in such a variant of realization, we lose a little specific surface for anchoring the concrete, all things equal moreover, compared to the tooth variant.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- la figure 1 est une vue longitudinale d'un élément suivant l'invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe (à plus grande échelle) de l'élément de la figure 1;
- la figure 3a est une vue à plus grande échelle d'un tronçon d'un fil cranté avant son placement en hélice autour du noyau central, tandis que la figure 3b est une coupe selon la ligne A-A du tronçon de la figure 3a;
- la figure 4 est une vue schématique d'une bobine suivant l'invention,
- et la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne V-V de la bobine de la figure 4.
Type | Force au premier glissement (en KN -valeur moyenne) | Contrainte au premier glissement (en N/mm2 - valeur moyenne) | Force maximale (en KN - valeur moyenne) | Contrainte de glissement à la force maximale (en N/mm2 - valeur moyenne) |
Invention: Toron de 15,7 mm de diamètre (section droite de (section droite de 140 mm2) | 65 (entre 60 et 68) | 5,6 (entre 5.1 et 5.8) | 106 (entre 104.5 et 107.7) | 9 (entre 8.9 et 9.1) |
Comparatif: 1. Barre de 14 mm de diamètre (section droite de 153 mm2) | 67 | 5.8 | 101.2 | 8.7 |
2. Barre de 16 mm de diamètre (section droite de 202 mm2) | 80 | 5.3 | 121.4 | 8.6 |
Claims (10)
- Elément filaire de renforcement du béton armé pour la réalisation d'ouvrages en continu caractérisé en ce que ce qu'il est constitué par un toron comportant un noyau central (1) recouvert par au moins une couche externe formée par au moins six fils crantés en acier (2) enroulés en hélice autour de lui avec un pas compris entre 125 et 400 mm environ, et en ce que ledit toron est réalisé en acier assurant une résistance à la rupture comprise entre 800 et 1400 N/mm2 environ ainsi qu'une rectitude telle que sa flèche maximale soit inférieure à 25 mm environ pour 1 m de longueur, une fois le toron bobiné déployé
- Elément filaire selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le pas des hélices est sensiblement constant et compris entre 200 et 300 mm.
- Elément filaire selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisée en acier assurant une résistance à la rupture comprise entre 1000 et 1300 N/mm2 ainsi qu'une rectitude telle que la flèche maximale résiduelle est inférieure à 25 mm par mètre de longueur déroulée d'une bobine-support.
- Elément filaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les fils crantés (2) de la couche externe présentent au moins deux séries de crans (20, 21), les crans d'une première série (20) étant portée par une zone longitudinale de la surface distincte de la zone longitudinale de la surface qui porte les crans de la deuxième série (21), les crans ayant une hauteur comprise entre 0,25 et 0,6 mm, une largeur au sommet comprise entre 1 et 1,5 mm, une longueur comprise entre 3 et 5 mm, les crans étant disposés les uns à la suite des autres avec un pas d'éloignement compris entre 3 et 6 mm.
- Elément filaire selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les fils crantés (2) ont un diamètre moyen compris entre 3 et 6 mm.
- Elément filaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une section transversale moyenne comprise entre 90 et 200 mm2.
- Elément filaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il a été soumis à un traitement thermo-mécanique à une température comprise entre 200 et 500°C, de préférence entre 350 et 450°C, ledit traitement étant effectué en continu sur l'élément soumis à un allongement compris entre 0,5 et 2%.
- Ouvrage en béton armé comprenant une armature métallique réalisée à partir d'éléments filaires de renforcement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
- Bobine de stockage de l'élément filaire de renforcement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle ledit élément est enroulé sur un mandrin-support avec un diamètre minimal d'enroulement d'au moins 50 fois le diamètre dudit élément.
- Procédé de préparation d'un élément filaire de renforcement selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que, après mise en forme par tréfilage d'un fil-machine, les fils (1 et 2) qui le constituent sont soumis à un traitement thermo-mécanique à une température comprise entre 200 et 500°C, et de préférence entre 350 et 450°C, ledit traitement étant effectué en continu sur lesdits fils soumis à un allongement compris entre 0,5 et 2%, de préférence d'environ 1%.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE200300016 | 2003-01-08 | ||
BE2003/0016A BE1015295A3 (fr) | 2003-01-08 | 2003-01-08 | Element de renforcement pour beton. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1437451A1 true EP1437451A1 (fr) | 2004-07-14 |
EP1437451B1 EP1437451B1 (fr) | 2008-05-21 |
Family
ID=32476778
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04366001A Expired - Lifetime EP1437451B1 (fr) | 2003-01-08 | 2004-01-07 | Elément filaire de renforcement pour béton |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1437451B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE396311T1 (fr) |
BE (1) | BE1015295A3 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602004013852D1 (fr) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1409150A1 (de) * | 1958-11-05 | 1970-02-12 | Hufnagl Walter | Bewehrungseinlage fuer Betonbauteile |
FR1586725A (fr) * | 1967-10-04 | 1970-02-27 | ||
DE2009150A1 (de) * | 1970-02-27 | 1971-09-02 | Stahlwerke Peine Salzgitter AG, 315OPeine | Betonbewehrungsstab mit warmgewalzten Rippen |
US3716982A (en) * | 1969-11-17 | 1973-02-20 | T Morohashi | Extra coarse-laid wire rope for reinforced concrete |
US3847002A (en) * | 1972-06-13 | 1974-11-12 | Suzuke Metal Ind Co Ltd | Method of producing steel wire and strand for pre-stressed concrete construction |
EP0199461A2 (fr) * | 1985-03-19 | 1986-10-29 | BRIDON plc | Fabrication d'éléments allongés comme des torons et des câbles |
WO1987003322A1 (fr) * | 1985-11-26 | 1987-06-04 | "December 4." Drótmüvek | Toron pour structures en beton precontraint et son procede de fabrication |
EP0656441A1 (fr) * | 1993-12-02 | 1995-06-07 | HIEN ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, Ltd. | Toron métallique revêtu d'un inhibiteur de corrosion et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci |
-
2003
- 2003-01-08 BE BE2003/0016A patent/BE1015295A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-01-07 DE DE602004013852T patent/DE602004013852D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-07 EP EP04366001A patent/EP1437451B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-07 AT AT04366001T patent/ATE396311T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1409150A1 (de) * | 1958-11-05 | 1970-02-12 | Hufnagl Walter | Bewehrungseinlage fuer Betonbauteile |
FR1586725A (fr) * | 1967-10-04 | 1970-02-27 | ||
US3716982A (en) * | 1969-11-17 | 1973-02-20 | T Morohashi | Extra coarse-laid wire rope for reinforced concrete |
DE2009150A1 (de) * | 1970-02-27 | 1971-09-02 | Stahlwerke Peine Salzgitter AG, 315OPeine | Betonbewehrungsstab mit warmgewalzten Rippen |
US3847002A (en) * | 1972-06-13 | 1974-11-12 | Suzuke Metal Ind Co Ltd | Method of producing steel wire and strand for pre-stressed concrete construction |
EP0199461A2 (fr) * | 1985-03-19 | 1986-10-29 | BRIDON plc | Fabrication d'éléments allongés comme des torons et des câbles |
WO1987003322A1 (fr) * | 1985-11-26 | 1987-06-04 | "December 4." Drótmüvek | Toron pour structures en beton precontraint et son procede de fabrication |
EP0656441A1 (fr) * | 1993-12-02 | 1995-06-07 | HIEN ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, Ltd. | Toron métallique revêtu d'un inhibiteur de corrosion et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE396311T1 (de) | 2008-06-15 |
EP1437451B1 (fr) | 2008-05-21 |
BE1015295A3 (fr) | 2005-01-11 |
DE602004013852D1 (de) | 2008-07-03 |
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