US3841041A - Tank for a swimming pool or the like - Google Patents

Tank for a swimming pool or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3841041A
US3841041A US00362236A US36223673A US3841041A US 3841041 A US3841041 A US 3841041A US 00362236 A US00362236 A US 00362236A US 36223673 A US36223673 A US 36223673A US 3841041 A US3841041 A US 3841041A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wall
elasticity
tank
modulus
soil
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00362236A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Friedland
P Habib
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CA195,781A priority Critical patent/CA1030690A/en
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Publication of US3841041A publication Critical patent/US3841041A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
    • E04H4/14—Parts, details or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • E04H4/141—Coping elements for swimming pools
    • E04H4/142—Coping elements for swimming pools with fixing means for sealing foil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A tank of the swimming-pool type formed of rigid plastic material such as polyurethane foam and provided with a fluid-tight lining of small thickness is placed directly in contact with the soil within a pit which has been dug in the ground.
  • the modulus of elasticity of the side wall and preferably of the bottom is close in value to that of the surrounding soil so as to result in a uniform stress distribution and a deformability which removes any danger of crack formation.
  • a swimming-pool tank has a side wall and a bottom which are adjacent to the soil of the pit and the function of which is to maintain the shape of the tank while affording resistance to the thrust developed by the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid.
  • Said side wall and tank bottom are usually covered with a fluid-tight lining.
  • the bottom is a concrete raft and the side wall is constructed by means of breeze-blocks or concrete slabs which are bonded together by means of mortar and covered with a fluid-tight lining which is moulded over the subjacent slabs or breeze-blocks.
  • swimming-pool tanks of known types are capable of undergoing small deformations at right angles to the surface of the side wall or the bottom without thereby sustaining any damage, under the action of variations which occur in the pressure exerted by the surrounding media, especially at the time of emptying and filling of the tank orduring periods of frost.
  • the masonry or concrete slabs of which the side wall and the bottom of the tank are formed have the disadvantage of being non-deformable along their own plane, with the result that any possible deformation under the influence of the above-mentioned variations in pressure is liable to take place only at the level of localized zones of lower resistance such as the joints between the slabs or breeze-blocks.
  • the fluid-tight lining which is bonded to the slabs is subjected at the level of said joints to tensile stresses which are liable to result in crack formation or tearing.
  • Said fluid-tight lining must therefore be formed of material which is capable of withstanding such stresses without damage.
  • the walls of the above-mentioned swimming-pool tanks provide only limited thermal insulation for the water which is contained in the tank and is usually heated to a temperature above that of the surrounding soil.
  • This invention is intended to overcome the disadvantages referred-to above by providing a swimming-pool tank of simple and inexpensive construction comprising a wall adjacent to. the soil andhaving a deformability such as to eliminate any risk of crack formation or damaging of the tank as a result of the variations in pressure which were mentioned earlier.
  • the swimming-pool tank placed in a pit and comprising a wall which is adjacent to the soil of the pit and covered with a fluid tight lining is characterized in that the wall has a modulus of elasticity which is closely related in value to the modulus of elasticity of the soil in the vicinity of the pit.
  • the modulus of elasticity E which is also designated as the coefficient of elasticity or Youngs modulus of a material is determined by crushing a cylindrical test specimen of said material between two plates and by measuring the deformation exhibited by the test specimen as a function of the pressure applied.
  • the modulus of elasticity of a material is therefore equal to the quotient of the pressure applied on the material by the corresponding relative deformation and consequently has the dimensions of a pressure.
  • the modulus of elasticity is a physical quantity which characterizes a material in a very accurate manner. In fact, the modulus of elasticity varies considerably from one material to another as shown by the following list of materials for which the moduli of 'elasti city'are given in decanewtons per cm (daN/cm which is a unit corresponding to 1 bar):
  • gelatin- 0.1 daN/cm pneumatic type rubber 5O methyl polymethacrylate 30,000 do; tungsten carbide 3,000,000 do.
  • the modulus of elasticity is also variablefrom one soil to another. A few moduli of elasticity of different soils are given hereunder:
  • the entire wall including the bottom of the tank has a modulus of elasticity which is close in value to that of the soil. In this manner, even the most moderate tensile stresses are distributed throughout the entire tank.
  • the modulus of elasticity of said wall is preferably equal at a maximum to twice themodulus of elasticity of the soil.
  • the tank wall when the tank wall is adjacent to a soil having a modulus of elasticity within the range of 50 to daN/cm, which corresponds to a good soil for the installation of a swimming-pooltank, it is preferable to ensure that the modulus of elasticity of said wall is within the range of 50 to 200 daN/cm.
  • the wall must also be capable of undergoing deformations at right angles to its own plane without cracking.
  • the thickness of the wall in order to guard against any risk of crack formation, it is preferable to limit the thickness of the wall to a value which is four times smaller than that given by the formula referred-to above, that is to say:
  • Fluid-tightness of the swimming-pool tank in accordance with the invention can be obtained by covering the wall with an inexpensive lining which can be of very small thickness since it will practically not be subjected to any tensile stress.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a swimming-pool tank in accordance with the invention, the side walls of which are rounded;
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the swimming'pool tank as taken along line II-ll of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the tank wall which is drawn to a larger scale and shows a particular method of anchoring said wall to the ground;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the upper edge of the swimming-pool tank
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the tank wall which is drawn to a larger scale and shows in particular the structure of a fluid-tight lining.
  • the swimming-pool tank 1 in accordance with the invention is placed within a pit dug in the ground 2.
  • the tank 1 has a side wall 3 of rounded shape and a bottom 4 which are adjacent to the soil and covered with a fluid-tight lining 5.
  • the wall 3 and the bottom 4 of the tank I are formed by means of material having a modulus of elasticity which is close in value to that of the ground or soil 2 and preferably equal at a maximum to twice that of the soil.
  • the value of the modulus of elasticity of the soil is determined by the method indicated earlier, namely by means of test specimens taken from the immediate vicinity of the pit and the mean value of the modulus E is then determined.
  • the wall 3 and the bottom 4 of the tank 1 are formed in a material having a modulus of elasticity which is substantially comprised between 50 and 200 daN/cm
  • the side wall 3 and the bottom wall 4 of the tank 1 are formed by a continuous layer of material whichcomplies with the above-mentioned characteristics of elasticity, with the result that the entire wall of the tank 1 has a modulus of elasticity which corresponds substantially to that of the soil.
  • the low stresses which are liable to be set up as a result of a variation of the pressure applied on the layer aforesaid are uniformly distributed throughout all the tank walls without giving rise to any appreciable stress concentration at a given point of said walls.
  • Suitable materials corresponding to the characteristics of elasticity aforesaid are selected from the plastics of cellular structure such as the polyurethane foams, expanded polystyrene and polyethylene which additionally ensure good thermal insulation for the water contained in the tank.
  • the foams which usually permit achievement of the best results are the rigid polyurethane foams which have a specific density within the range of 0.03 to 0.15 g/cm and have a modulus of elasticity after hardening which ranges from 50 to 200 daN/cm.
  • the thickness of the polyurethane layer 3 has been exaggerated in the drawings, especially in FIG. 4, for the sake of enhanced clarity of illustration. It is readily apparent that the real thickness of the post or beam 6 is distinctly greater than the thickness of the foam layer. In point of fact and in accordance with the invention, the maximum thickness of the wall 3 and the bottom 4 as expressed in centimetres is preferably smaller than or equal to: A 2,500 -s/E.
  • the surface of this latter should preferably be as flat as possible.
  • the surface flatness of the bottom of the pit can be obtained simply by means of a surface coating 12 of mortar as indicated in FIG. 2.
  • the surface flatness of the sides of the pit can also be ensured by filling the largest cavities such as the cavi ties 13 (shown in FIG. 2) with a coating compound or with mortar.
  • the upper end of the wall 3 of the tank 1 is applied against a rigid support such as a post 6 or any suitable material which is fixed in the ground at the edge 7 of the tank.
  • a curbstone 8 which is usually of reinforced concrete covers the post 6 as well as the upper end of the wall 3.
  • the fluid-tight lining 5 partially covers the curbstone 8.
  • a concrete pavement 9 which is placed over said curbstone and over the upper end of the lining 5 plays a contributory part in anchoring this latter.
  • Adhesion of the end of the wall 3 to the post 6 and to the curbstone 8 is obtained either by bonding or directly when the wall 3 is formed by application of a foam such as a ployurethane foam. Attachment of the curbstone 8 to the post 6 and of the pavement 9 to the curbstone 8 is obtained by means of mortar.
  • Additional posts which are similar to the post 6 can be placed at intervals along the edge 7 and around the pit so as to ensure that the wall 3 is securely amchored to the edge 7 of the swimming-pool tank.
  • a construction of this type is advantageous in the case of a swimming-pool which has a sinuous contour.
  • the posts 6 can be replaced by a string of joists or beams, for example of reinforced concrete.
  • anchoring rods or pins 10 of metal which is protected against corrosion or of plastic material can be driven into the ground to an appreciable depth, the ends ll of said rods being embedded in the material which forms the wall 3.
  • the pins 10 thus ensure effective anchoring of the wall 3 relatively to the ground.
  • the continuous layer which forms the wall 3 and the bottom 4 of the tank is covered with a fluid-tight lining 5 made up of one or a number of layers.
  • Said fluid-tight lining does not need to be formed of high-strength material such as glass fabric impregnated with polyester resin.
  • a simple coating of polyurethane resin having a thickness of a few millimetres and formed by means of a mixture of products such as those made available by Societe Bayer under the trade names Desmophen" and Desmodur may prove sufficient for this purpose.
  • Said fluid-tight lining can also be composed of three layers of polyurethane resin having different functions as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the first layer 5a which is illustrated is formed by a non-pigmented polyurethane resin which ensures fluid-tightness.
  • the layer 5a is applied against the external surface of the wall 3 and of the bottom 4.
  • the second layer 5b can consist of a polyurethane resin in which there have been incorporated coloured pigments, non slip pigments or simple fillers of silica.
  • the external finishing layer 50 can be of non-pigmented polyurethane resin.
  • the surface of the polyurethane foam layer Prior to application of the fluid-tight lining, the surface of the polyurethane foam layer can be trued by sand-papering.
  • composition for a fluid-tight lining layer Two examples of composition for a fluid-tight lining layer are given hereunder:
  • Example I Sealing compound Polyhydroxylated polyester resin Desmophen 850" Castor oil Titanium oxide Pyrogenated silica parts by weight do.
  • Example ll Finishing coat over sealing compound Polyhydroxylated polyester resin Desmophen 850" I5 Castor oil 85 Titanium oxide 75 Pyrogenated silica 15 parts by weight do.
  • Example lll Sealing compound 2 Semi-rigid isophthalic Prior to use, there is added to this composition a hardener formed by a diisocyanate which is dissolved in ethyl acetate such as Desmodur L 75 in a proportion of parts by weight of the composition aforesaid.
  • Example lV Finishing coat on sealing compound Semirigid isophthalic unsaturated polyester resin 48 parts by weight Polyhydroxylated polyester resin 13 do. Titanium oxide l2 do. Silica passed through a lZO-micron mesh sieve do. Ultra-fine pyrogenated silica 2 do. Styrene 5 do.
  • a hardener formed by a diisocyanate which is dissolved in ethyl acetate such as Desmodur N 75 in a proportion of 10 parts by weight of the composition aforesaid.
  • the walls are formed of a material which affords excellent thermal insulation and said material can readily be placed in position on the soil surface of the pit which is dug in the ground, thus permitting a reduction in costs arising from the use of handling means and in labour costs.
  • the shape of the tank, the material or materials constituting said tank, the thickness of the walls, the anchoring of said walls to the ground of the pit in which the tank is placed can be adapted to various uses.
  • the constituent material of the tank wall is selected so that, in addition to the requisite values of the modulus of elasticity, said material has a coefficient of expansion which is comparable with that of the soil. This makes it possible to reduce the thermal stresses which arise either from the water or from ambient conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
US00362236A 1972-05-30 1973-05-21 Tank for a swimming pool or the like Expired - Lifetime US3841041A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA195,781A CA1030690A (en) 1973-05-21 1974-03-25 Fire retardant polyesters

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7219256A FR2186999A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-05-30 1972-05-30

Publications (1)

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US3841041A true US3841041A (en) 1974-10-15

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US (1) US3841041A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2327411A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES415331A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2186999A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1436575A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4027442A (en) * 1974-10-03 1977-06-07 Kdi Sylvan Pools, Inc. Method of constructing swimming pools
US4060946A (en) * 1976-05-18 1977-12-06 L. F. Lang & Son Pools, Inc. In-ground swimming pool construction
US4065893A (en) * 1976-01-16 1978-01-03 Epes Archie C Composite foundation framing assembly
US4217739A (en) * 1978-04-06 1980-08-19 Granger Jim G Jr Grain storage bin and method of making and using the same
US4263759A (en) * 1979-03-15 1981-04-28 Bradley Enterprises, Inc. Swimming pool construction and method of making the same
US4335548A (en) * 1980-04-30 1982-06-22 Millcraft Housing Corp. Insulating skirt
US4860916A (en) * 1988-09-15 1989-08-29 Environetics, Inc. Tank and method of making same
US5806252A (en) * 1995-11-24 1998-09-15 Sibelon S.P.A. Waterproofing system for hydraulic structures with rigid sheets in synthetic material
US20100270001A1 (en) * 2008-08-05 2010-10-28 Parrella Michael J System and method of maximizing grout heat conductibility and increasing caustic resistance
CN111527056A (zh) * 2017-09-28 2020-08-11 卡波克拉夫公司 置换空气碳化(dac)工艺和系统
US10967604B1 (en) * 2020-01-17 2021-04-06 Walter Judson Bennett Water basin construction method

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2668527B1 (fr) * 1990-10-29 1992-12-31 Negri Jean Daniel Structure de bassin aquatique, et procede pour sa realisation.
AT396704B (de) * 1991-10-08 1993-11-25 Mikulitsch Martin Kuenstlicher badeteich
FR2778938B1 (fr) * 1998-05-25 2000-07-21 Weser Sa Dispositif pour la pose de margelles de piscine
FR3068378B1 (fr) 2017-06-28 2020-11-06 Creabain Materiau multicouche pour structure de piscine, piscine comprenant une telle structure et procede de fabrication d'une telle piscine

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2333315A (en) * 1938-09-05 1943-11-02 Svenska Entreprenad Aktiebolag Construction of underground tanks for storing liquid fuels and other fluids
US3015191A (en) * 1956-12-27 1962-01-02 Lucchesi Leo Swimming pool and method for erecting same
US3031801A (en) * 1956-12-14 1962-05-01 Edward G Leuthesser Method of installing swimming pools
US3429035A (en) * 1962-11-29 1969-02-25 Lynn W Norton Method of making a heating element
US3610564A (en) * 1969-01-17 1971-10-05 Mattingly Inc Construction means for the construction of a swimming pool
US3660957A (en) * 1968-12-10 1972-05-09 Martin M Schankler Prefabricated swimming pool construction

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2333315A (en) * 1938-09-05 1943-11-02 Svenska Entreprenad Aktiebolag Construction of underground tanks for storing liquid fuels and other fluids
US3031801A (en) * 1956-12-14 1962-05-01 Edward G Leuthesser Method of installing swimming pools
US3015191A (en) * 1956-12-27 1962-01-02 Lucchesi Leo Swimming pool and method for erecting same
US3429035A (en) * 1962-11-29 1969-02-25 Lynn W Norton Method of making a heating element
US3660957A (en) * 1968-12-10 1972-05-09 Martin M Schankler Prefabricated swimming pool construction
US3610564A (en) * 1969-01-17 1971-10-05 Mattingly Inc Construction means for the construction of a swimming pool

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4027442A (en) * 1974-10-03 1977-06-07 Kdi Sylvan Pools, Inc. Method of constructing swimming pools
US4065893A (en) * 1976-01-16 1978-01-03 Epes Archie C Composite foundation framing assembly
US4060946A (en) * 1976-05-18 1977-12-06 L. F. Lang & Son Pools, Inc. In-ground swimming pool construction
US4217739A (en) * 1978-04-06 1980-08-19 Granger Jim G Jr Grain storage bin and method of making and using the same
US4263759A (en) * 1979-03-15 1981-04-28 Bradley Enterprises, Inc. Swimming pool construction and method of making the same
US4335548A (en) * 1980-04-30 1982-06-22 Millcraft Housing Corp. Insulating skirt
US4860916A (en) * 1988-09-15 1989-08-29 Environetics, Inc. Tank and method of making same
US5806252A (en) * 1995-11-24 1998-09-15 Sibelon S.P.A. Waterproofing system for hydraulic structures with rigid sheets in synthetic material
US20100270001A1 (en) * 2008-08-05 2010-10-28 Parrella Michael J System and method of maximizing grout heat conductibility and increasing caustic resistance
CN111527056A (zh) * 2017-09-28 2020-08-11 卡波克拉夫公司 置换空气碳化(dac)工艺和系统
US10967604B1 (en) * 2020-01-17 2021-04-06 Walter Judson Bennett Water basin construction method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2327411A1 (de) 1973-12-13
GB1436575A (en) 1976-05-19
FR2186999A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-11
ES415331A1 (es) 1976-05-01

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