US3840907A - Compost toilet - Google Patents

Compost toilet Download PDF

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Publication number
US3840907A
US3840907A US00286708A US28670872A US3840907A US 3840907 A US3840907 A US 3840907A US 00286708 A US00286708 A US 00286708A US 28670872 A US28670872 A US 28670872A US 3840907 A US3840907 A US 3840907A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
air
toilet
mat
compost
collecting compartment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00286708A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Sundberg
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Individual
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Individual
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C02F3/1242—Small compact installations for use in homes, apartment blocks, hotels or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K11/00—Closets without flushing; Urinals without flushing; Chamber pots; Chairs with toilet conveniences or specially adapted for use with toilets
    • A47K11/02—Dry closets, e.g. incinerator closets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C05F3/04—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure from human faecal masses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S4/00—Baths, closets, sinks, and spittoons
    • Y10S4/12—Aerobic decomposing toilet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the art of sanitation equipment and, more particularly, concerns a new and improved construction of compost toilet.
  • Such type compost toilets have been found to be useful, for example, in situations where there is not available any sewer system and where for instance it is not desired to work with a soakage or drainage pit owing to the danger of contaminating the underground water. Such compost toilets are therefore extremely suitable for use, for instance, in vacation residences and other temporary or remotely located places.
  • a toilet bowl opens into a relatively large collecting compartment having a markedly inclined floor or bottom. This collecting compartment is penetrated by a number of air channels. Prior to operation of the toilet the floor of the collecting compartment is covered with an earth layer which is extensively penetrated by bacteria. This nutritious earth can be obtained for instance at a sewage purification plant. In any case this bacteria nutritive substratum must be introduced into the collecting compartment and in most cases initially transported over great distances. Hence, prior-art compost toilets cannot be delivered by the manufacturer in an operationally ready state.
  • Another and more specific object of the present invention relates to an improved construction of compost toilet which is not associated with the aforementioned drawbacks and limitations.
  • Still a further object of the invention is directed at the provision of a new and improved construction of compost toilet which is extremely reliable in operation, relatively simple in construction, economical to manufacture, and can be delivered in an operationally ready condition from the manufacturer to the user.
  • the inventive compost toilet is manifested by the features that there is provided at least one grate at an excrement collecting compartment, this grate serving for receiving thereon a mat intended to form a bacteria nutritive substratum or floor. Additionally, there are provided a blower at the collecting compartment for positively circulating air, and air guide means for directing the circulated air against the mat.
  • the compost toilet now can be delivered by the manufacturer in a condition ready for use. It is not necessary to introduce any bacteria containing earth into the collecting compartment. By means of the grate, the mat and the positively circulated air, the bacteria nutritive substratum necessary 2 for composting can be grown (cultivated) at the place of use of the toilet.
  • FIG. I is a longitudinal sectional view of a compost toilet designed according to the teachings of the present invention:
  • FIG. 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the compost toilet depicted in FIG. 1, taken substantially along the line II--II thereof:
  • FIG. 3 is another horizontal cross-sectional view of the compost toilet depicted in FIG. 1, taken substantially along the line III-III thereof:
  • FIG. 4 is yet another horizontal crosssectional view of the compost toilet depicted in FIG. 1, taken substantially along the line IVIV thereof:
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the compost tiolet depicted in FIG. 1, taken substantially along the line VV' thereof.
  • the illustrated exemplary embodiment of compost toilet possesses" for in-- stance a toilet housing 1 formed of a suitable plastic in which there is mounted a toilet bowl 2. This bowl is closed by means of a pivotably mounted cover 3 hinged to the body of the toilet bowl at location 3a. In the raised position ofthe cover 3 it bears against in inclined stop or wall surface 4. Furthermore, within the toilet housing 1, there is located an excrement collecting compartment or chamber 5. Internally of the housing 1 there are also provided air guide walls 6 and 7.
  • Housing 1 is equipped with an air discharge or outlet opening 8 and an air throughpassage channel 9.
  • a support member preferably in the form of a grate 10 beneath which are located three collecting bowls 11 for the compost. These bowls 11 can be withdrawn from the housing 1 through a front access opening 12.
  • the grate 10 consists of a number of parallel, adjacently arranged angled profile members 10a, the legs 10b of which depend downwardly. As best seen by referring to FIG. 5 the apex or tip preferably of each profile member 10a is thus located at the top.
  • a mat 13 formed of cellulose is supported upon grate 10. This mat 13 can possess a cross-section for instance of the type found in standard babys throwaway diapers. Mat 13 extends over the entire surface of the grate '10.
  • mat 13 can be formed of one piece, but it can also consist of a number of adjacently arranged strips. As will be explained more fully hereinafter mat 13 serves as a nutritive substratum or base 40 for the build-up or formation of a bacteria culture.
  • Air guides or channels 16, 17 and 18 are formed by the housing 1 and the internally situated guide walls 6, 7, and by the basins or bowls 11 disposed at the floor of the toilet housing 1..
  • the driven impeller 14 of theblower 30 the air is thus positively circulated within the housing 1 in the direction of the illustrated arrows.
  • the interior of the housing 1 and therefore the excrement collecting compartment 5 is in flow communication with the ambient atmosphere via the opening 8.
  • the positively circulated air flows about the electric motor 15 and thus can be slightly heated.
  • the circulated air flows via the air guide 18 from below against the mat 13.
  • a rotatable shaft 19 of an agitator or stirrer mechanism '20 is situated parallel to the axis of rotation of the impeller 14.
  • the agitator 20 is driven by means of an electric motor 21.
  • the agitator 20, the grate with the mat 1-3 and the collecting bowls 11 are located essentially in parallelism with one another and substantially horizontally.
  • the toilet illustrated schematically in F IG. 1 together with the cellulose mat 13 is place as such on the market. in order to install the toilet it is only necessary to connect any suitable air withdrawal pipe or conduit with the opening 8 of the housing 1.
  • This air withdrawal conduit can be directed upwardly within a building and for instance conducted past the shaft of a chimney towards the top.
  • the thus installed toilet is now in a condition ready for use.
  • the electric motor 15 for the blower arrangement 30 can stay continuously switched on.
  • This electric motor 15 only drives the impeller 14 and therefore need only possess a very small output. As a result, air is continuously circulated within the toilet housing 1 in the direction of the arrows.
  • the agitator or stirrer is located in the position shown in full lines in FIG. 3.
  • the solid waste has coliected to a greater degree upon the mat 13 then such arrives at the operable region of the agitator or stirrer 20 which then uniformly distributes such solid waste over the surface of the mat 13. If the mat 13 is-then covered by a considerable layer of solid waste then the latter itself constitutes the nutritive substrate for the newly arriving excrement. The mat 13 has thus fulfilled its actual function and is also decomposed in the meantime, so that now the precomposted portion of the nutritive substrate, disposed upon the grate 10, falls through the same into the collecting basins or bowls 11. If the bowls 11 are filled then they can be withdrawn through the access opening 12 and emptied.
  • the electric motor 15 for the blower 30 is also shut off.
  • the bacteria culture is then no longer positively aerated and does not operate inter.- sively. if the vacation home or otherwise is again occupied the electric motor 15 is immediately switched on so that the bacteria culture upon the grate 10 is again activated. in the event that the bacteria culture has become destroyed owing, for instance, to chemical action, then, a new bacteria culture can be built up by placing a new mat13 upon'the grate l0.
  • the blower unit or arrangement 30 can also function in the other direction of rotation, so that the air will be circulated in the system of FIG. 1 in clockwise direction.
  • the grate 10 can of course also possess a different configuration, and instead of being formed of angled profile members can be formed for instance of upright flat iron members. i
  • a compost toilet comprising, in combination, means defining an excrement collecting compartment, at least one support arranged in said collecting compartment, a mat carried by said support for building up a bacteria nutritive substratum, blower means located in said collecting compartment for positively circulating airtherein, and air guide means for directing the circulated air against said mat, an air withdrawal pipe being in flow communication with said collecting compartment via air channels defined by said air guide means, said pipe being directed upwardly to the ambient atmosphere like a chimney, with a heating source in said air guide means for the circulated air, which source is so arranged that it is free from contact with said mat and therefore also with the excrements.
  • compost toilet as defined in claim 1, further comprising an electric motor for said blower means, means defining a channel for the circulated air, said electric motor being located in said channel and serving as said heating source for the circulated air.
  • an actuating arm provided at said agitator shaft for tipping said collecting basin, a toilet bowl within said collecting compartment, said bowl having a floor portion, said collecting basin bearing against said floor portion of the bowl and being tiltable towards and away from said collecting compartment.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Non-Flushing Toilets (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
US00286708A 1971-09-09 1972-09-06 Compost toilet Expired - Lifetime US3840907A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1322071A CH526946A (de) 1971-09-09 1971-09-09 Kompost-Toilette

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3840907A true US3840907A (en) 1974-10-15

Family

ID=4390464

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00286708A Expired - Lifetime US3840907A (en) 1971-09-09 1972-09-06 Compost toilet

Country Status (22)

Country Link
US (1) US3840907A (es)
JP (1) JPS5035342B2 (es)
AR (1) AR197002A1 (es)
AT (1) AT312525B (es)
AU (1) AU475506B2 (es)
BE (1) BE788471A (es)
BR (1) BR7206187D0 (es)
CA (1) CA967303A (es)
CH (1) CH526946A (es)
DK (1) DK144903C (es)
EG (1) EG10743A (es)
ES (1) ES406102A1 (es)
FI (1) FI53299C (es)
FR (1) FR2152135A5 (es)
GB (1) GB1361104A (es)
IL (1) IL40166A (es)
IT (1) IT962624B (es)
NL (1) NL171015C (es)
NO (1) NO137579C (es)
SE (1) SE380007B (es)
YU (1) YU225872A (es)
ZA (1) ZA725875B (es)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3918106A (en) * 1974-05-23 1975-11-11 Sundsvalls Specialprodukter Ab Method and apparatus for natural biochemical decomposition of latrine
US3921228A (en) * 1973-03-13 1975-11-25 Tommy Mikael Sundberg Decomposition toilet
US3927985A (en) * 1973-08-07 1975-12-23 Toa Throne Ab Device for preparation of earth improving substances from organic waste
US3959829A (en) * 1974-02-19 1976-06-01 Ab Gustavsbergs Fabriker Improvements in and relating to dry closets
US4087869A (en) * 1974-12-11 1978-05-09 Billsund Enok Gerhard Toilet in which solid wastes are collected and decomposed
US4107795A (en) * 1975-08-18 1978-08-22 Modular Conceptual Systems, Inc. Self-contained comfort station
US4254515A (en) * 1978-11-21 1981-03-10 Torao Kiyama Compost-type toilet equipment
US4268925A (en) * 1979-03-22 1981-05-26 W. L. Burke, Inc. Sewage treatment system
US4343051A (en) * 1978-11-06 1982-08-10 Inventor Invest Ab Decomposition container, especially a decomposition latrine
US5171690A (en) * 1988-09-01 1992-12-15 Yloesjoki Matti J Composting device for toilet and kitchen waste
US5240611A (en) * 1988-05-11 1993-08-31 Advanced Bio-Gest, Inc. Organic waste recycling system and method
US7494803B1 (en) 2005-04-21 2009-02-24 Smith Danny R Bio-composting domestic waste treatment apparatus
WO2015050495A1 (en) * 2013-10-02 2015-04-09 Ecoloo Ab Rest station device comprising composting system
CN111839320A (zh) * 2020-07-22 2020-10-30 北京市达能仁投资有限公司 一种生态智能座便器及其控制系统
WO2021158934A1 (en) * 2020-02-06 2021-08-12 Medal Technologies, LLC Compact composting toilet
US11492792B2 (en) 2020-02-03 2022-11-08 Wish for WASH, LLC Modular toilet systems and methods

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE368699C (sv) * 1972-09-19 1975-12-01 Gustavsbergs Fabriker Ab Anordning vid toaletter avsedda for biologisk nedbrytning av menskliga exkrement.
JPS51144243U (es) * 1975-05-13 1976-11-19
JPS51144062U (es) * 1975-05-15 1976-11-19
FI54594C (fi) * 1977-09-02 1979-01-10 Asko Upo Oy Kombination av biologisk torrtoalett och biologisk rengoerinsanlaeggning foer avloppsvatten
US4196477A (en) * 1978-07-31 1980-04-08 Santerra Industries Ltd. Evaporative toilet
US4313234A (en) * 1978-07-31 1982-02-02 Santerra Industries Ltd. Toilet
EP0061510A1 (en) * 1981-03-28 1982-10-06 Henry L. Yeagley Converter and method for aerobically converting organic waste material into carbon dioxide and water
JPS6094199A (ja) * 1983-10-26 1985-05-27 Noboru Ikegai 糞便醗酵装置
US4882058A (en) * 1988-05-11 1989-11-21 Ramos-Thibault Corp. Organic waste recycling system and method

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2520657A (en) * 1944-07-15 1950-08-29 Roec Proprietary Ltd Ventilating system for dry closets and septic tanks
US2700775A (en) * 1951-05-04 1955-02-01 Horace G Martin Combustion sanitation system
US3136608A (en) * 1961-08-25 1964-06-09 Lindstrom Rikard Emanuel Arrangement for the aerobic biological transformation of organic waste material
US3522613A (en) * 1968-10-21 1970-08-04 Samuel Botsford Waste disposal system
US3523012A (en) * 1964-03-26 1970-08-04 Naturizer Inc Apparatus for composting waste material
US3633220A (en) * 1968-12-12 1972-01-11 Lagstroem Emil Goeran Electric toilet
US3683426A (en) * 1969-09-30 1972-08-15 Lagstroem Emil Goeran Disposable bag for use with incinerator-type dry closets
US3727241A (en) * 1970-10-19 1973-04-17 Mansfield Sanitary Inc Soil pump sewage handling system, method and toilet apparatus adapted therefor
US3756784A (en) * 1969-07-09 1973-09-04 Int Combustion Ltd Apparatus for composting

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1554552A1 (de) * 1965-08-04 1970-04-30 Hakanssons Ind Ab Elektrische Schaltung an elektrischen Klosetts

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2520657A (en) * 1944-07-15 1950-08-29 Roec Proprietary Ltd Ventilating system for dry closets and septic tanks
US2700775A (en) * 1951-05-04 1955-02-01 Horace G Martin Combustion sanitation system
US3136608A (en) * 1961-08-25 1964-06-09 Lindstrom Rikard Emanuel Arrangement for the aerobic biological transformation of organic waste material
US3523012A (en) * 1964-03-26 1970-08-04 Naturizer Inc Apparatus for composting waste material
US3522613A (en) * 1968-10-21 1970-08-04 Samuel Botsford Waste disposal system
US3633220A (en) * 1968-12-12 1972-01-11 Lagstroem Emil Goeran Electric toilet
US3756784A (en) * 1969-07-09 1973-09-04 Int Combustion Ltd Apparatus for composting
US3683426A (en) * 1969-09-30 1972-08-15 Lagstroem Emil Goeran Disposable bag for use with incinerator-type dry closets
US3727241A (en) * 1970-10-19 1973-04-17 Mansfield Sanitary Inc Soil pump sewage handling system, method and toilet apparatus adapted therefor

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3921228A (en) * 1973-03-13 1975-11-25 Tommy Mikael Sundberg Decomposition toilet
US3927985A (en) * 1973-08-07 1975-12-23 Toa Throne Ab Device for preparation of earth improving substances from organic waste
US3959829A (en) * 1974-02-19 1976-06-01 Ab Gustavsbergs Fabriker Improvements in and relating to dry closets
US3918106A (en) * 1974-05-23 1975-11-11 Sundsvalls Specialprodukter Ab Method and apparatus for natural biochemical decomposition of latrine
US4087869A (en) * 1974-12-11 1978-05-09 Billsund Enok Gerhard Toilet in which solid wastes are collected and decomposed
US4107795A (en) * 1975-08-18 1978-08-22 Modular Conceptual Systems, Inc. Self-contained comfort station
US4343051A (en) * 1978-11-06 1982-08-10 Inventor Invest Ab Decomposition container, especially a decomposition latrine
US4254515A (en) * 1978-11-21 1981-03-10 Torao Kiyama Compost-type toilet equipment
US4268925A (en) * 1979-03-22 1981-05-26 W. L. Burke, Inc. Sewage treatment system
US5240611A (en) * 1988-05-11 1993-08-31 Advanced Bio-Gest, Inc. Organic waste recycling system and method
US5171690A (en) * 1988-09-01 1992-12-15 Yloesjoki Matti J Composting device for toilet and kitchen waste
US7494803B1 (en) 2005-04-21 2009-02-24 Smith Danny R Bio-composting domestic waste treatment apparatus
WO2015050495A1 (en) * 2013-10-02 2015-04-09 Ecoloo Ab Rest station device comprising composting system
US11492792B2 (en) 2020-02-03 2022-11-08 Wish for WASH, LLC Modular toilet systems and methods
WO2021158934A1 (en) * 2020-02-06 2021-08-12 Medal Technologies, LLC Compact composting toilet
US11576540B2 (en) 2020-02-06 2023-02-14 Medal Technologies, LLC Compact composting toilet
CN111839320A (zh) * 2020-07-22 2020-10-30 北京市达能仁投资有限公司 一种生态智能座便器及其控制系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2152135A5 (es) 1973-04-20
IL40166A0 (en) 1972-10-29
DE2243637B2 (de) 1976-08-26
NO137579B (no) 1977-12-12
NL171015B (nl) 1982-09-01
ZA725875B (en) 1973-05-30
FI53299C (fi) 1978-04-10
ES406102A1 (es) 1975-08-01
FI53299B (es) 1977-12-30
AT312525B (de) 1974-01-10
NO137579C (no) 1983-03-01
BR7206187D0 (pt) 1973-07-17
JPS5035342B2 (es) 1975-11-15
IL40166A (en) 1975-08-31
AU4648672A (en) 1974-03-14
DK144903B (da) 1982-07-05
IT962624B (it) 1973-12-31
CA967303A (en) 1975-05-13
GB1361104A (en) 1974-07-24
NL171015C (nl) 1983-02-01
DE2243637A1 (de) 1973-03-15
SE380007B (es) 1975-10-27
BE788471A (fr) 1973-01-02
AU475506B2 (en) 1976-08-26
DK144903C (da) 1982-11-29
JPS4862247A (es) 1973-08-30
NL7211824A (es) 1973-03-13
YU225872A (en) 1979-02-28
AR197002A1 (es) 1974-03-08
CH526946A (de) 1972-08-31
EG10743A (en) 1976-05-31

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