US3838023A - Sealing anodized aluminum - Google Patents
Sealing anodized aluminum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3838023A US3838023A US00312341A US31234172A US3838023A US 3838023 A US3838023 A US 3838023A US 00312341 A US00312341 A US 00312341A US 31234172 A US31234172 A US 31234172A US 3838023 A US3838023 A US 3838023A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- sealing
- aluminum
- per liter
- anodic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 46
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 17
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 11
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- NAOLWIGVYRIGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1 NAOLWIGVYRIGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004326 stimulated echo acquisition mode for imaging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDGNNLQZAPXALR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-sulfophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1C(O)=O SDGNNLQZAPXALR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWDJIKFUVRYBJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanthoate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)SCC(=O)NC(C)(C)C#N TWDJIKFUVRYBJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182843 D-Lactic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-LLEIAEIESA-N D-glucaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-LLEIAEIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N D-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095060 magnesium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MUZDLCBWNVUYIR-ZVGUSBNCSA-L magnesium;(2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O MUZDLCBWNVUYIR-ZVGUSBNCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
- C25D11/24—Chemical after-treatment
- C25D11/246—Chemical after-treatment for sealing layers
Definitions
- a hydroxy carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of (A) citric acid, tartaric acid, gallic acid and saccharic acid, (B) a water soluble salt of said acids of (A), and (C) the mixtures thereof at a temperature ranging from 90 C. to the solution boiling point temperature and at a pH of from to 6, to the anodic oxidized surface.
- anodically produced oxide layers are frequently applied to aluminum surfaces. These oxide layers protect the aluminum surfaces from the effects of the weather and other corroding media. Further, the anodic oxide layers are also applied in order to obtain a harder surface and therewith to give the aluminum an increased resistance to wear. In particular, decorative effects can be attained by the self coloring of the OXide layers or can be attained in part by their easy colorability.
- a number of processes are known for the application of anodic oxide layers to aluminum.
- the production of the oxide layers takes place using direct current in solutions of sulfuric acid (the direct current-sulfuric acid process).
- solutions of organic acids such as in particular sulfophthalic acid or sulfanilic acid or mixtures of these organic acids with sulfuric acid, are also frequently used.
- the last named processes are particularly known as the autocolor processes.
- This velvety film is the socalled sealing coating and consists of amorphous aluminum hydroxide which is not resistant to handling, so that the decorative effect of the layer is thereby impaired. Furthermore, it reduces the adhesive strength during the bonding of such aluminum parts and, due to the increased effective surface, this sealing film promotes later soiling and corrosion. For these reasons it has previously been necessary to remove the coating by hand, mechanically or chemically.
- OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION is an object of the present invention to provide a development in the process for treating the surface of aluminum or an aluminum alloy which comprises subjecting said surface to an anodic oxidation and subsequently sealing with hot water or steam, the improvement which consists essentially of sealing said surface by applying an aqueous solution containing from 0.0005 to 0.05 gm. per liter of a hydroxy carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of (A) citric acid, tartaric acid, gallic acid and saccharic acid, (B) a water soluble salt of said acids of (A), and (C) the mixtures thereof at a temperature ranging from C. to the solution boiling point temperature and at a pH of from 5 to 6, to the anodic oxidized surface.
- a hydroxy carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of (A) citric acid, tartaric acid, gallic acid and saccharic acid, (B) a water soluble salt of said acids of (A), and (C) the mixtures thereof at
- the present invention is directed to a development in the process for treating the surface of aluminum or an aluminum alloy which comprises subjecting said surface to an anodic oxidation and subsequently sealing with hot water or steam, the improvement which consists essentially of sealing said surface by applying an aqueous solution containing from 0.0005 to 0.05 gm. per liter of a hydroxy carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of (A) citric acid, tartaric acid, gallic acid and saccharic acid, (B) a water soluble salt of said acids of (A), and (C) the mixtures thereof at a temperature ranging from 90 C; to the solution boiling point temperature and at a pH of from 5 to 6, to the anodic oxidized surface.
- a hydroxy carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of (A) citric acid, tartaric acid, gallic acid and saccharic acid, (B) a water soluble salt of said acids of (A), and (C) the mixtures thereof at a temperature ranging from 90 C; to the solution boiling
- the present invention provides a process for the treatment of a surface of aluminum or an aluminum alloy comprising subjecting said surfaces to anodic excitation and consolidating same at a temperature of from 90 C. and solution boiling temperature and at a pH value of from 5 to 6 with a solution which contains from 0.005 to 0.05 gm. per liter of a hydroxy carboxylic acid selected from the group; citric acid, tartaric acid, gallic acid and saccharic acid or a water soluble salt thereof.
- Suitable sealing solutions are those aqueous solutions containing 0.0005 to 0.05 gm. per liter of an aliphatic or an aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acid, for example, citric acid, tartaric acid, gallic acid and saccharic acid.
- the process may be carried out using the commercial acids or their water-soluble salts, for example, the corresponding alkali metal salts such as sodium or potassium salts, ammonium salts, and alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium, calcium or barium salts.
- the corresponding alkali metal salts such as sodium or potassium salts, ammonium salts, and alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium, calcium or barium salts.
- the said substances are used in amounts of 0.0005 to 0.05 gm. per liter, calculated as free acids.
- the use of greater concentrations has been found disadvantageous, since the quality of the sealing is reduced.
- a preferred form of the process comprises carrying out the sealing with a solution which contains from 0.0005 to 0.005 gm. per liter of citric acid.
- a solution which contains from 0.0005 to 0.005 gm. per liter of citric acid.
- citric acid instead of the citric acid, its water soluble salts may also be used in equivalent amounts.
- the solutions of the acids or salts according to the invention are adjusted to a pH value of 5 to 6. This adjustment may be effected using ammonia or acetic acid.
- ammonia or acetic acid For the preparation of the solutions it is advantageous to use completely desalted, distilled or condensed water.
- the sealing treatment with the solutions according to the invention is carried out at temperatures between 90 C. and the boiling point temperature. Preferably, a temperature of from 90 C. to 100 C. is utilized.
- the treatment time is maintained within the usual operating time schedule and preferably amounts to about 1.5 to 3.5 minutes per ,1. layer thickness of the anodic oxide layer.
- additives known for this purpose such as nickel or cobalt acetate may also be added in small amounts to the sealing solutions.
- the advantages of the process of the present invention include preventing the formation of sealing films without the anodic oxide layer being impaired or the quality of the sealing being reduced.
- a rinsing after the sealing step or a spraying, in order to remove any residues from the surface, is not necessary.
- the appearance of the surface is not affected by the process of the invention; the appearance remains the same as that obtained by the pretreatment and the anodization.
- the process is economical since the amounts of additives required are extremely small.
- the notation of the aluminum alloys is based upon nomenclature according to DIN 1,725.
- the quality of the oxide layers was determined by the socalled Testal value according to DIN 50,949 and by the loss factor d (Anotest apparatus) according to DIN 50,- 920 (design). Further, the products of the after-sealing were tested by means of the Green test according to DIN 50,146.
- DIN is the abbreviation for Deutsche Industrie- Norm representing a series of standard German published test procedures.
- EXAMPLE 1 Aluminum sections (AlMgSi 0.5) degreased with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution and pickled in the usual way, which were anodically oxidized in the direct current-sulfuric acid process (layer thickness 21 1,) were sealed at 100 C. for 60 minutes with a solution of 0.0005 gm. per liter of citric acid in completely de-salted water, which was adjusted with ammonia to pH 5.7 prior
- EXAMPLE 3 Aluminum sections (AlMg3) degreased with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution and pickled in the usual way, which were anodically oxidized by an autocolor process (layer thickness 30 were sealed at 100 C. for 80 minutes in a solution of 0.01 gm. per liter of the monopotassium salt of d-saccharic acid in completely desalted water, which was adjusted with ammonia to a pH value of 6.0 prior to sealing. The sections showed no sealing film. The Testal value had fallen from over 300 to 4.5 and the loss factor a amounted to 0.51.
- EXAMPLE 4 Aluminum sections (AlMgSi0.5) degreased with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution and pickled in the usual way, which were anodically oxidized in the direct current sulfuric acid process (layer thickness 20- 2241..) were sealed at 100 C. for minutes at a pH value of 5.6 (adjusted with ammonia prior to scaling) in solutions which contained the chemicals mentioned below in the amounts given therein.
- the formation or prevention of the sealing film and the varying quality of the sealing measured by means of the Testal value, the loss factor 0. and the Green test (in percent of the reflection value), are summarized in Table I. Only when compounds according to the invention were used in suitable concentration did no sealing film result and no harmful effect on the subsequent sealing occur.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Electrochemical Coating By Surface Reaction (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Preventing Unauthorised Actuation Of Valves (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2162674A DE2162674C3 (de) | 1971-12-17 | 1971-12-17 | Verfahren zum Verdichten von anodischen Oxidschichten auf Aluminium- oder Aluminiumlegierungen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3838023A true US3838023A (en) | 1974-09-24 |
Family
ID=5828298
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00312341A Expired - Lifetime US3838023A (en) | 1971-12-17 | 1972-12-05 | Sealing anodized aluminum |
Country Status (15)
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4083756A (en) * | 1977-06-17 | 1978-04-11 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Process for improving corrosion resistance of anodized metal surfaces and treated product |
| US4121980A (en) * | 1976-11-08 | 1978-10-24 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) | Method of sealing oxidized aluminum surfaces with aqueous solutions of polycarboxylic acids |
| US4650739A (en) * | 1984-05-16 | 1987-03-17 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for post-treating aluminum oxide layers with aqueous solutions containing phosphoroxo anions in the manufacture of offset printing plates with radiation sensitive layer and printing plates therefor |
| US5935656A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1999-08-10 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Short duration hot seal for anodized metal surfaces |
| US8512872B2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2013-08-20 | Dupalectpa-CHN, LLC | Sealed anodic coatings |
| US8609254B2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2013-12-17 | Sanford Process Corporation | Microcrystalline anodic coatings and related methods therefor |
| USD790918S1 (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2017-07-04 | Whirlpool Corporation | Food processing attachment |
| USD790917S1 (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2017-07-04 | Whirlpool Corporation | Food processing attachment |
| CN109518253A (zh) * | 2017-09-18 | 2019-03-26 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | 一种基于铝合金表面的高胶接和耐腐蚀的阳极氧化方法 |
| CN109518252A (zh) * | 2017-09-18 | 2019-03-26 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | 一种基于铝合金的高胶接和耐腐蚀的阳极氧化方法 |
| USD867051S1 (en) | 2017-10-04 | 2019-11-19 | Whirlpool Corporation | Grinder attachment for a stand mixer |
| USD885822S1 (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2020-06-02 | Whirlpool Corporation | Food grinder |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3219922A1 (de) * | 1982-05-27 | 1983-12-01 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur nachbehandlung von aluminiumoxidschichten mit alkalisilikat enthaltenden waessrigen loesungen und dessen verwendung bei der herstellung von offsetdruckplattentraegern |
| US4400246A (en) * | 1982-06-28 | 1983-08-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Process for applying barrier layer anodic coatings |
| DE3530934C1 (de) * | 1985-08-29 | 1987-04-16 | Chemal Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zur gleichmaessigen elektrolytischen Einfaerbung von eloxiertem Aluminium bzw. Aluminiumlegierungen |
| JPH0778280B2 (ja) * | 1988-07-28 | 1995-08-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 金属の防食表面処理方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL38285C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1932-05-26 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| DE676821C (de) * | 1937-09-05 | 1939-06-13 | Siemens & Halske Akt Ges | Verfahren zur Behandlung zu faerbender Gegenstaende aus Leichtmetallen oder Leichtmetallegierungen mit oxydhaltiger Oberflaechenschicht |
| US3647649A (en) * | 1970-02-24 | 1972-03-07 | Alcor Chem | Method and composition for sealing anodized aluminum surfaces |
-
0
- BE BE792852D patent/BE792852A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1971
- 1971-12-17 DE DE2162674A patent/DE2162674C3/de not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-11-16 NL NLAANVRAGE7215524,A patent/NL171913C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-11-20 SE SE7215079A patent/SE401531B/xx unknown
- 1972-11-21 NO NO4239/72A patent/NO131207C/no unknown
- 1972-12-05 US US00312341A patent/US3838023A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-12-06 IT IT32547/72A patent/IT971590B/it active
- 1972-12-13 BR BR8779/72A patent/BR7208779D0/pt unknown
- 1972-12-14 ZA ZA728846A patent/ZA728846B/xx unknown
- 1972-12-14 FR FR7244480A patent/FR2163603B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-12-15 AT AT1072872A patent/AT316251B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-15 GB GB5791372A patent/GB1398589A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-15 CH CH1831572A patent/CH584767A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-16 ES ES409718A patent/ES409718A1/es not_active Expired
- 1972-12-18 JP JP12705672A patent/JPS559071B2/ja not_active Expired
Cited By (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4121980A (en) * | 1976-11-08 | 1978-10-24 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) | Method of sealing oxidized aluminum surfaces with aqueous solutions of polycarboxylic acids |
| US4083756A (en) * | 1977-06-17 | 1978-04-11 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Process for improving corrosion resistance of anodized metal surfaces and treated product |
| US4650739A (en) * | 1984-05-16 | 1987-03-17 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for post-treating aluminum oxide layers with aqueous solutions containing phosphoroxo anions in the manufacture of offset printing plates with radiation sensitive layer and printing plates therefor |
| US5935656A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1999-08-10 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Short duration hot seal for anodized metal surfaces |
| US8512872B2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2013-08-20 | Dupalectpa-CHN, LLC | Sealed anodic coatings |
| US8609254B2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2013-12-17 | Sanford Process Corporation | Microcrystalline anodic coatings and related methods therefor |
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| CN109518253B (zh) * | 2017-09-18 | 2021-05-21 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | 一种基于铝合金表面的高胶接和耐腐蚀的阳极氧化方法 |
| CN109518253A (zh) * | 2017-09-18 | 2019-03-26 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | 一种基于铝合金表面的高胶接和耐腐蚀的阳极氧化方法 |
| CN109518252A (zh) * | 2017-09-18 | 2019-03-26 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | 一种基于铝合金的高胶接和耐腐蚀的阳极氧化方法 |
| CN109518252B (zh) * | 2017-09-18 | 2021-05-21 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | 一种基于铝合金的高胶接和耐腐蚀的阳极氧化方法 |
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| USD891853S1 (en) | 2017-10-04 | 2020-08-04 | Whirlpool Corporated | Grinder attachment for a stand mixer |
| USD939267S1 (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2021-12-28 | Whirlpool Corporation | Food grinder |
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| USD986670S1 (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2023-05-23 | Whirlpool Corporation | Food grinder |
| USD909118S1 (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2021-02-02 | Whirlpool Corporation | Food grinder |
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| USD899179S1 (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2020-10-20 | Whirlpool Corporation | Food grinder |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA728846B (en) | 1973-09-26 |
| GB1398589A (en) | 1975-06-25 |
| DE2162674C3 (de) | 1982-05-19 |
| CH584767A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1977-02-15 |
| NO131207C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-04-23 |
| IT971590B (it) | 1974-05-10 |
| NL7215524A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-06-19 |
| BE792852A (fr) | 1973-06-15 |
| ES409718A1 (es) | 1975-11-16 |
| NL171913B (nl) | 1983-01-03 |
| NO131207B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-01-13 |
| DE2162674B2 (de) | 1977-08-11 |
| DE2162674A1 (de) | 1973-06-28 |
| JPS559071B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1980-03-07 |
| FR2163603A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-07-27 |
| NL171913C (nl) | 1983-06-01 |
| FR2163603B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-03-28 |
| AT316251B (de) | 1974-07-10 |
| BR7208779D0 (pt) | 1973-09-25 |
| JPS4868436A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-09-18 |
| SE401531B (sv) | 1978-05-16 |
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