US3834170A - Process of, and a plant for, constructing tunnels - Google Patents

Process of, and a plant for, constructing tunnels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3834170A
US3834170A US00292470A US29247072A US3834170A US 3834170 A US3834170 A US 3834170A US 00292470 A US00292470 A US 00292470A US 29247072 A US29247072 A US 29247072A US 3834170 A US3834170 A US 3834170A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
plant according
abutment
concrete
tunnel
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00292470A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Lobbe
Schenck Zu Schweinsberg W Von
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH
Original Assignee
Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ES395457A external-priority patent/ES395457A1/es
Priority claimed from ES396949A external-priority patent/ES396949A2/es
Application filed by Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH filed Critical Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH
Priority to US465942A priority Critical patent/US3889480A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3834170A publication Critical patent/US3834170A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/0607—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor

Definitions

  • a plurality of rams which act upon an abutment member are used to drive the shield forwards.
  • the abutment member transmits the forces from the rams to a mass of fluid concrete introduced under pressure and supported on support means such as a tubular shell or series of rings spaced inwardly from the tunnel wall.
  • the concrete when hardened forms a continuous lining for the tunnel wall. Water is removed from the fluid concrete with the aid of filters provided on the abutment member or the support means.
  • the present invention relates to a process of, and plants for, constructing a tunnel.
  • a general object of the present invention is to provide an improved process of and plants for constructing tunnels.
  • the invention comprises, in one aspect, removing water from the-fluid concrete used to form the lining via at least one filter. In this way the concrete can be hardened more rapidly and preferably the fluid concrete is introduced under pressure to ensure an adequate quantity of water is removed.
  • the invention also comprises supporting a mass of fluid concrete used to form the lining and using said mass of concrete as an abutment for driving the shield forward before said concrete has hardened. More particularly, the rams used for advancing the shield may act against the concrete. In this way the advance of the tunnel can be virtually continuous since there is no necessity to wait for the concrete to harden before advancing the shield.
  • the advance of the shield serves to compress the concrete to expell more water therefrom and this results in a concrete lining of good quality and density being produced.
  • the invention also provides a plant for constructing tunnels which plant includes means for supporting fluid concrete used to form a lining for the tunnel, and one or more filters allowing water to be removed from said fluid concrete.
  • the plant thus enables the tunnel to be constructed more quickly and economically than hitherto.
  • the driving operation and the introduction of fresh fluid concrete can take place in succession to one another.
  • an abutment member is disposed between the rams used to advance the drive shield and the concrete.
  • the support means can take the form of a tubular shell spaced inwardly from the tunnel wall and attached to the abutment member.
  • the support means can be slidable in relation to the abutment member or merely engageable therewith.
  • the support means can also in these latter alternatives, be in the form of a series of rings.
  • the shell or rings may have the filters therein but it is also possible for the abutment member to be provided with these components.
  • the abutment member may also define or partly define a chamber for initially receiving the concrete.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a tunnelling plant made in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a further tunnelling plant made in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of another tunnelling plant made in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an end view of part of the abutment member used in the plant depicted in FIG. 3. 7
  • the plant has a drive shield 10 formed at its forward end with a cutting head 12.
  • a plurality of hydraulic rams 11 are used to drive the shield 10 in the direction of arrow V to cause the head 12 to penetrate a working face. Material is removed from the face and conveyed rearwardly through the shield 10 and the tunnel previously constructed. This is well known per se.
  • a tubular shell 14 having an abutment member 15 at its forward end is provided. The member 15 engages the rams l1 and absorbs the thrust forces when the shield 10 is driven forwards.
  • the member 15 is a double-walled structure, having a rearwardly projecting extension 16 which, with the main body of the shell 14, defines a chamber for receiving fluid concrete from pipes 17 for forming the lining 13.
  • the portion of the concrete lining denoted 18 is supported by the shell 14 during its setting process.
  • the shell 14 is provided with one or more filters 19 which enable water to pass from the fluid concrete into the interior of the shell 14.
  • the shield 10 is advanced and the shell 14 is then drawn up towards the shield 10.
  • Fluid concrete is pumped under pressure, preferably in the order of 2-5 atmospheres, into the chamber between the extension 16 and the main body of the shell 14 via the pipes 17. This fluid concrete tends to move rearwardly, over the portion 18 supported by the shell 14. Since the fluid concrete is under pressure water is urged through the or each of the filters 19. The fluid concrete is supported radially between the shell 14 and the tunnel wall and axially by the existing hardened lining 13 and the member 15. Hence although the introduced concrete has not set it can still form a rear support for the abutment member 15 when the rams 11 next drive the shield 10 forwards.
  • the concrete is in fact compressed by the operation of the rams 1 1 so that water is again forced out of the concrete and through the or each of the filters 19.
  • the cycle is then repeated and the overall tunnel driving process can thus take place continuously without waiting for the newlyintroduced concrete to harden.
  • FIGS. 2-4 are similar to that shown in FIG. 1 and like reference numerals are used to denote like components.
  • FIG. 2 the FIG. 1 arrangement is modified so that a seriesof rings 21 provided with filters 22 replaces the shell 14 as a support to the fluid concrete mass.
  • a double-walled abutment member defines a chamber for receiving fluid concrete and again takes the thrust forces from the rams 11.
  • the inner wall of the member 20 slidably engages the exterior periphery of the rings 21. By adding more rings 21 the radial support for the concrete can be lengthened.
  • the plant is operated in the same manner as described above with the member 20 sliding over the rings 21 as the rams l1 draw up the member 20 prior to the introduction of the fluid concrete.
  • the rams-11 are again supported rearwardly by an abutment member, here denoted 30.
  • the member is of double-walled hollow structure with an annular configuration. Filters 31 are provided on the rear annular surface of the member 30. A series of rings 32 are connected together to form a support for the fluid concrete. ln-a similar manner to the other embodiments, fluid concrete is pumped into the space 33 between the tunnel wall and the periphery of the rings 32. Water from this concrete passesthrough the filters 31 and as a result the concrete located in a zone 21 adjacent the member 30 tends to harden more rapidly than the remaining concrete.
  • a plant for use in constructing a tunnel comprising a movable drive shield, aplurality of rams for advancing said drive shield into a working face to form said tunnel, means for forming an abutment against which the rams can bear during advancement of the shield and means for defining at least part of a chamber which serves to receive fluid concrete used to form a lining for the tunnel, the improvement wherein the abutment-forming means faces said chamber whereby the fluid concrete in said chamber is compressed by said abutment means when the rams advance the shield, and filter means which allows water to pass out from the chamber to accelerate the setting of the fluid concrete.
  • a plant according to claim 2, wherein the support means is in the form of a tubular shell spaced inwardly from the tunnel wall and having the abutment forming means attached to its foremost end.
  • a plant according to claim 3, wherein the abutment forming means has an extension which combines with part of the shell to form said chamber for receiving the fluid concrete, the chamber being open towards the existing concrete lining.
  • the support means is composed of a series of rings arranged end to end, the rings having filters therein allowing water to pass radially inwards of the tunnel.
  • a plant according to claim 13 wherein the water is driven out from the fluid concrete in the chamber by a pressure differential established across the filter means.
  • a plant according to claim 1, wherein the abutment-forming means is of hollow annular configuration.
US00292470A 1971-09-27 1972-09-26 Process of, and a plant for, constructing tunnels Expired - Lifetime US3834170A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US465942A US3889480A (en) 1971-09-27 1974-05-01 Process of, and a plant for, constructing tunnels

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES395457A ES395457A1 (es) 1971-09-27 1971-09-27 Procedimiento de hormigonado para la construccion de tune- les.
ES396949A ES396949A2 (es) 1971-11-12 1971-11-12 Procedimiento de hormigonado para la construccion de tune- les.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3834170A true US3834170A (en) 1974-09-10

Family

ID=26155820

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00292470A Expired - Lifetime US3834170A (en) 1971-09-27 1972-09-26 Process of, and a plant for, constructing tunnels

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3834170A (de)
JP (1) JPS4857436A (de)
DE (1) DE2240091C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2154463B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1409273A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4003211A (en) * 1974-12-19 1977-01-18 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Methods and apparatus for constructing tunnels
US4118938A (en) * 1975-11-07 1978-10-10 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Apparatus for and method of driving tunnels
CN103388479A (zh) * 2013-07-30 2013-11-13 上海交通大学 用拉索防止顶管机和管节旋转的施工装置和施工方法
CN111894606A (zh) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-06 中铁隆工程集团有限公司 一种机械法联络通道掘进机下井组装的施工方法

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5284825A (en) * 1976-01-07 1977-07-14 Obayashi Gumi Kk Method of tunnel upset work in method of shield construction
CH623887A5 (de) * 1977-09-27 1981-06-30 Locher & Cie Ag
FR2430514A1 (fr) * 1978-07-03 1980-02-01 Socea Procede et dispositif pour le revetement par betonnage de galeries
DE2844953C2 (de) * 1978-10-16 1983-01-05 Gosudarstvennyj proektno-izyskatel'skij institut Metrogiprotrans, Moskva Tunnelvortriebsschild mit nachschleppbarer Schalung zum Einbringen einer Ortbetonauskleidung
DE3023026C2 (de) * 1980-06-20 1982-09-16 Bilfinger + Berger Bauaktiengesellschaft, 6800 Mannheim Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung einer Ortbetonauskleidung für eine im Schildvortriebsverfahren aufzufahrende Tunnelröhre
DE3218643A1 (de) * 1982-05-18 1983-11-24 Philipp Holzmann AG, Hauptniederlassung Düsseldorf, 4000 Düsseldorf Verfahren zur herstellung eines unterirdischen tunnelbauwerks
DE3218642A1 (de) * 1982-05-18 1983-11-24 Philipp Holzmann AG, Hauptniederlassung Düsseldorf, 4000 Düsseldorf Unterirdisches tunnelbauwerk
DE3404839A1 (de) * 1984-02-10 1985-09-12 Alfred Kunz GmbH & Co, 8000 München Schildvortriebsverfahren zur herstellung einer ortbetonroehre und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3435724A1 (de) * 1984-09-28 1986-04-03 Bilfinger + Berger Bauaktiengesellschaft, 6800 Mannheim Betonierverfahren zur herstellung unterirdischer tunnelbauwerke
JPS6290470A (ja) * 1985-10-17 1987-04-24 株式会社熊谷組 コンクリ−ト型枠装置
JPH061039B2 (ja) * 1986-12-05 1994-01-05 東急建設株式会社 シールドライニングのコンクリート打設装置
JPH0266898U (de) * 1988-11-10 1990-05-21
JP2012214973A (ja) * 2011-03-31 2012-11-08 Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co Ltd ブリージング水排出装置及び覆工用移動型枠

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1867837A (en) * 1929-01-10 1932-07-19 Jackson Corwill Method for lining tunnels, aqueducts, and the like
US2438528A (en) * 1944-09-23 1948-03-30 Warren F Wilhelm Method and apparatus for molding and draining concrete
US2698560A (en) * 1947-03-04 1955-01-04 The Union Savings Trus Company Concrete expansion joint
US2879662A (en) * 1957-11-13 1959-03-31 John J Spinelli Plasterboard construction
US3350889A (en) * 1964-04-15 1967-11-07 Sturm Karl Apparatus for driving and lining tunnels in unstable soil
US3561223A (en) * 1968-07-09 1971-02-09 John R Tabor Tunneling machine with concrete wall forming mechanism

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2149029A (en) * 1936-09-11 1939-02-28 Roofing Machinery Mfg Co Inc Mechanism for making composition shingles
FR1018189A (fr) * 1951-12-30 1952-12-29 Vacuum Concrete Soc Du Perfectionnement aux procédés de traitement du béton par le vide
DE1220460B (de) * 1963-10-14 1966-07-07 Nii Osnowanij I Podsemnych Soo Vortriebsschild zum Herstellen von Tunneln in rolligen Boeden
US3396545A (en) * 1965-04-07 1968-08-13 Tech Inc Const Method of forming concrete bodies
DE1534599A1 (de) * 1966-02-26 1969-07-31 Berger Dr Ing Hermann Verfahren zur Herstellung eines fugenlosen Schalbetons in Stollen und Tunnels
DE1658732B1 (de) * 1967-02-08 1970-03-12 G Proektno Izyskatelsky I Verfahren zum Verdichten der Ortbetonauskleidung eines im Schildvortrieb aufzufahrenden Tunnels
FR1531431A (fr) * 1967-03-20 1968-07-05 Nikex Nehezipari Kulkere Procédé de percement au bouclier et installation pour la construction de canalisations
FR1567230A (de) * 1968-02-23 1969-05-16

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1867837A (en) * 1929-01-10 1932-07-19 Jackson Corwill Method for lining tunnels, aqueducts, and the like
US2438528A (en) * 1944-09-23 1948-03-30 Warren F Wilhelm Method and apparatus for molding and draining concrete
US2698560A (en) * 1947-03-04 1955-01-04 The Union Savings Trus Company Concrete expansion joint
US2879662A (en) * 1957-11-13 1959-03-31 John J Spinelli Plasterboard construction
US3350889A (en) * 1964-04-15 1967-11-07 Sturm Karl Apparatus for driving and lining tunnels in unstable soil
US3561223A (en) * 1968-07-09 1971-02-09 John R Tabor Tunneling machine with concrete wall forming mechanism

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4003211A (en) * 1974-12-19 1977-01-18 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Methods and apparatus for constructing tunnels
US4118938A (en) * 1975-11-07 1978-10-10 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Apparatus for and method of driving tunnels
CN103388479A (zh) * 2013-07-30 2013-11-13 上海交通大学 用拉索防止顶管机和管节旋转的施工装置和施工方法
CN111894606A (zh) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-06 中铁隆工程集团有限公司 一种机械法联络通道掘进机下井组装的施工方法
CN111894606B (zh) * 2020-08-06 2022-06-21 中铁隆工程集团有限公司 一种机械法联络通道掘进机下井组装的施工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2154463A1 (de) 1973-05-11
DE2240091A1 (de) 1973-04-05
GB1409273A (en) 1975-10-08
JPS4857436A (de) 1973-08-11
DE2240091C2 (de) 1982-02-04
FR2154463B1 (de) 1976-08-13

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