US3822955A - Ground surfaces - Google Patents

Ground surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3822955A
US3822955A US00222492A US22249272A US3822955A US 3822955 A US3822955 A US 3822955A US 00222492 A US00222492 A US 00222492A US 22249272 A US22249272 A US 22249272A US 3822955 A US3822955 A US 3822955A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
foam
ground
roadway
mass
hard
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00222492A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Haferkamp
G Peterson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Schachtbau und Tiefbohr dt GmbH
Schachtbau und Tiefbohr D GmbH
Original Assignee
Schachtbau und Tiefbohr D GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of US3822955A publication Critical patent/US3822955A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/16—Reinforcements
    • E01C11/165—Reinforcements particularly for bituminous or rubber- or plastic-bound pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/005—Methods or materials for repairing pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/003—Foundations for pavings characterised by material or composition used, e.g. waste or recycled material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/30—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and other binders, e.g. synthetic material, i.e. resin
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/36—Coherent pavings made in situ by subjecting soil to stabilisation

Definitions

  • Plastic Foams The Physics and Chem. of Prov. Per. and Process Technology Vol. II, Publisher John Wiley & Sons, 1969, pages 218-230.
  • ABSTRACT Primary Examiner-Roy D. Frazier Assistant Examiner-Thomas J. Holko Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Toren and McGeady [57] ABSTRACT
  • the invention relates to a method of filling craters or 'depressions in the ground or for constructing roadways on ground which is not initially capable of supporting loads.
  • a hard synthetic plastic foam is formed in the crater or on the ground, the foam being formed so as to have a bulk weight sufficient to give the foam the necessary strength.
  • the invention relates to a method of filling and improving undesired craters and depressions in the ground or for constructing roadways on ground which is not initially capable of supporting loads.
  • Undesired craters and depressions in the ground, for example bomb craters, subsidences and broken dikes must be rapidly and effectively repaired in order to prevent further disasters and, in the case of a roadway, to allow traffic to flow again.
  • the crater In the case of a bomb crater in a road, for example, the crater must be filled in as rapidly as possible.
  • the filling must be firm enough to take the load of the traffic and finally the upper surface of the filling must support a roadway deck which will take the load and is sufficiently resistant to abrasion.
  • the engineering problems are intensified by the fact that the construction usually has to be completed within an extremely brief period of time in order to restore the situation with the least possible delay.
  • the conventional method for filling undesired craters and depressions in the ground involves the use of costly machines such as bulldozers and graders, for filling the crater with earth, sand and/or rubble.
  • costly machines such as bulldozers and graders
  • This does not of itself produce a roadway capable of supporting traffic. Vehicles cannot roll over the fill until it has been adequately compacted. The compacting cannot bedone by hand. It is necessary to use special compacting machines, for example vibratory rollers or tampers. Machines of this kind are often not available, particularly when a catastrophe has occurred. Even after the material has been sufficiently compacted traffic still cannot flow until a roadway deck has been laid over the fill. This is a further time consuming operation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a process for filling craters, dike breaks and the like extremely rapidly, at comparatively little cost in-regard to materials and machinery, and for laying on the surface of the fill, or on non-load-bearing ground, a durable roadway for vehicles.
  • the proposal according to the invention consists in that a hard foam, for example of polyurethane, polyvinylchloride or polystyrene is formed in the crater or on the ground, the foam being formed so as to have a bulk or volumetric weight sufficient to give the foamthe necessary strength.
  • the advantages of the process according to the invention consist in that the synthetic plastic foam materials used, for example based on polyvinylchloride, polyurethane and polystyrene, occupy very little space before they are foamed. During the foaming the volume increases, under the influence of the gas producing agent, to a volume up to times the initial volume of the material. The materials for making the foam can easily be transported to the construction site for exam- 2 ple in drums or tank wagons and the foaming process requires comparatively little technical apparatus.
  • a special advantage obtained is that during the foaming the material penetrates into gaps and cracks in the ground, giving an interlocking effect.
  • the hard foams have sufficient compressive strength to prevent vehicles from seriously bending the roadway downwards or deforming it. If a hard foam such as polyurethane is used at a bulk or volumetric weight of kg/m for the foam, the rolling of wheeled vehicles abrades the surface of the foam.
  • the abrasion can be reduced consid erably by laying reinforcement in the surface.
  • the reinforcement is preferably embedded in the foam to lock it in place.
  • the reinforcement should be easy to transport. Flexible reinforcement mats or mats which can be rolled up are convenient for this purpose. They are not only easy to transport but also very easy ,to lay on the surface of the foam. In many cases a simple wire grating is sufficient.
  • a roadway can be constructed on swampy ground by first of all constructing a floating foam base and then laying on top of this a suitable roadway mat, which can if desired be embedded in foam.
  • plastic foam of different densities can be used, one of the foams acting as the reinforcement.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section through a crater which has been filled by the process according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical section through a roadway constructed on unstable ground.
  • a crater 3 has an upper diameter of 8 meters, a lower diameter of 3 meters and a depth of 4 meters.
  • the crater has been filled with a hard foam, for example a hard polyurethane foam.
  • This material can be foamed using comparatively simple apparatus.
  • the pre ferred method is the l-shot method, involving prepolymerisation. This method gives a hard foam of good quality, in particular the foam produced has a comparatively high mechanical strength.
  • a further advantage of the one-shot method is that the operating conditions can be varied comparatively easily and the process is largely independent of weather and other ambient influences.
  • the materials for making the foam are obtainable already prepared, usually in the form of two liquid components which merely need to be mixed together at the construction site, the two components already containing all the necessary additives, for example gasproducing agents, catalysts and stabilisers.
  • the filling can easily be completed within one hour.
  • the mechanical strength of the foam depends on the degree of foaming.
  • a foam with a bulk weight of 50 kg/m is sufficiently strong to withstand constant use over a long period by 45 tons endless track vehicles.
  • a hard foam with a bulk weight of 30 kg/m is strong enough to withstand several crossings during a comparatively short period.
  • the cushion of foam can be given a resistant roadway deck. Assuming that the upper surface 6 of the foam cushion 3 is a little below the lever of the normal ground surface, a number of structural gratings or mats 7 are laid on the surface of the foam cushion, to which they are locked by further application of hard foam. The result is an abrasion resistant roadway deck 9.
  • the mats 7 consist preferably of profiled steel sheet 3 mm thick. Each mat is l m by l m and can be rolled up. The resulting roadway deck can be used by wheeled vehicles which apply a load of 10 tons per axle.
  • the hard foam used for the roadway deck is a polyurethane foam with a bulk weight of at least 100 kg/m and at most 300 kg/m, the foam having a correspondingly higher strength.
  • the foam for the roadway deck is applied in the same way as the first foam for the cushion.
  • the mats 7 can be embedded in a plastic-concrete mixture, for example a polyester-concrete.
  • a plastic-concrete mixture for example a polyester-concrete.
  • This material takes to 30 minutes to set, depending on the nature of the additives used.
  • the mixture can if desired contain a quantity of normal agricultural soil or even wet earth containing up to 18 percent of earth.
  • the ratio of earth to polyester resin can be of the order of 5 l.
  • the resulting roadway deck has a compressive strength of 400-700 kp/cm depending on the nature of the soil used, and a bending-tensile strength (transverse strength) of 200 to 300 kp/cm can be expected.
  • the process according to the invention is suitable not only for filling craters in level terrain, but also for repairing breaks in dikes and for increasing the heights of dikes or the like.
  • a roadway can be constructed on swampy ground as follows. Assuming a ground which after a few hours of rain has a residual load bearing capacity of only 0.2 kp/cm", a floating embankment 11 is first of all constructed using a hard foam of bulk weight 50 kg/m, the embankment being built up to a height of 0.4 m. This can be done by hand using bucket sized portions and producing a somewhat lumpy structure, which does not however come apart under the load of the traffic.
  • the upper surface 12 of the hard foam embankment 11 is completed by superposing a roadway deck consisting of reinforcement 13 embedded in hard foam or polyester concrete 14.
  • the roadway deck can have a thickness of 0.1 m.
  • the hard foam for the deck can have a bulk weight of kg/m
  • the roadway deck is suitable for use by the heaviest wheeled vehicles.
  • the process according to the invention has two important advantages. In the first place it allows a roadway to be constructed on non-load-bearing ground, using only a foam plastic, a foam producing device and, if necessary to satisfy greater demands, a reinforcement for the deck. Secondly the process according to the invention make it possible to do this without using parts of fixed dimensions. The process is therefore not limited to particular individual applications but can be used for filling all kinds of craters and depressions in the ground and for constructing all kinds of dikes, embankments and other elevated structures.
  • a method for constructing a roadway on flexible subsoil which is initially incapable of independently supporting loads because of its inherent lack of structural rigidity, said method comprising the steps of selecting a site consisting essentially of said flexible, nonrigid subsoil substantially in its entirety, and forming in place at said site directly upon said subsoil a mass which essentially consists substantially in its entirety of hard foam plastic material having a volumetric weight of at least 30 Kg/m, said mass so formed essentially providing the major support of said roadway for sustaining loads thereupon.
  • the foam mass is a material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, and polystyrene.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
US00222492A 1971-02-12 1972-02-01 Ground surfaces Expired - Lifetime US3822955A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2106723A DE2106723C3 (de) 1971-02-12 1971-02-12 Verfahren zum Herstellen einer behelfsmäßigen Fahrbahn

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3822955A true US3822955A (en) 1974-07-09

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00222492A Expired - Lifetime US3822955A (en) 1971-02-12 1972-02-01 Ground surfaces

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3822955A (de)
BE (1) BE779125A (de)
CA (1) CA966709A (de)
DE (1) DE2106723C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2126852A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1375482A (de)
IT (1) IT948411B (de)
LU (1) LU64634A1 (de)
NL (1) NL7200992A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4850738A (en) * 1988-01-29 1989-07-25 Monte Niemi Roadway mat and methods for its construction
US5232306A (en) * 1991-12-10 1993-08-03 Sterner Carl L Crackfilling vehicle
US6146054A (en) * 1996-04-18 2000-11-14 Screg Lightweight embankment
WO2004005621A1 (en) * 2002-07-02 2004-01-15 Uretek Worldwide Oy Thermo-structural base on unstable soils
US20050081459A1 (en) * 2003-10-17 2005-04-21 Casey Moroschan Foam pile system
US8267482B1 (en) * 2011-05-06 2012-09-18 Hall David R Foam configured to suppress dust on a surface to be worked
US20160060816A1 (en) * 2012-02-20 2016-03-03 Technisoil Industries LLC Polyurethane based roadway forming
JP2017155412A (ja) * 2016-02-29 2017-09-07 首都高速道路株式会社 段差解消構造、段差解消材、発泡体、及び段差解消方法
CN114318991A (zh) * 2022-02-22 2022-04-12 山东省交通规划设计院集团有限公司 一种平原区高速公路台背结构、公路结构及施工方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL2800834T3 (pl) 2012-01-04 2018-11-30 Soudal Wypełnianie ubytków przy budowie i naprawie dróg
GB2596053A (en) * 2020-05-12 2021-12-22 Road Code Eng Ltd Synthetic binder for repairing potholes, apparatus and method of making the same
CN112982049A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-06-18 广东盛瑞科技股份有限公司 一种用于道路扩建的泡沫轻质土复合路基施工方法

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4850738A (en) * 1988-01-29 1989-07-25 Monte Niemi Roadway mat and methods for its construction
US5232306A (en) * 1991-12-10 1993-08-03 Sterner Carl L Crackfilling vehicle
US6146054A (en) * 1996-04-18 2000-11-14 Screg Lightweight embankment
WO2004005621A1 (en) * 2002-07-02 2004-01-15 Uretek Worldwide Oy Thermo-structural base on unstable soils
US20050081459A1 (en) * 2003-10-17 2005-04-21 Casey Moroschan Foam pile system
US7413385B2 (en) 2003-10-17 2008-08-19 Casey Moroschan Foam pile system
US8267482B1 (en) * 2011-05-06 2012-09-18 Hall David R Foam configured to suppress dust on a surface to be worked
US20160060816A1 (en) * 2012-02-20 2016-03-03 Technisoil Industries LLC Polyurethane based roadway forming
US9957670B2 (en) * 2012-02-20 2018-05-01 Technisoil Industrial Llc Polyurethane based roadway forming
JP2017155412A (ja) * 2016-02-29 2017-09-07 首都高速道路株式会社 段差解消構造、段差解消材、発泡体、及び段差解消方法
CN114318991A (zh) * 2022-02-22 2022-04-12 山东省交通规划设计院集团有限公司 一种平原区高速公路台背结构、公路结构及施工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2126852A5 (de) 1972-10-06
DE2106723B2 (de) 1974-01-24
LU64634A1 (de) 1972-06-26
BE779125A (fr) 1972-05-30
DE2106723C3 (de) 1974-10-10
IT948411B (it) 1973-05-30
NL7200992A (de) 1972-08-15
CA966709A (en) 1975-04-29
DE2106723A1 (de) 1972-08-24
GB1375482A (de) 1974-11-27

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