US3810474A - Tubing - Google Patents

Tubing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3810474A
US3810474A US00290922A US29092272A US3810474A US 3810474 A US3810474 A US 3810474A US 00290922 A US00290922 A US 00290922A US 29092272 A US29092272 A US 29092272A US 3810474 A US3810474 A US 3810474A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cuff
tubing
wall
convoluted
circumferential
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00290922A
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English (en)
Inventor
D Cross
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Smiths Group PLC
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Smiths Group PLC
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0465—Tracheostomy tubes; Devices for performing a tracheostomy; Accessories therefor, e.g. masks, filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0434—Cuffs
    • A61M16/0443—Special cuff-wall materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0434—Cuffs
    • A61M16/0445—Special cuff forms, e.g. undulated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
    • A61M25/1002—Balloon catheters characterised by balloon shape
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0488—Mouthpieces; Means for guiding, securing or introducing the tubes
    • A61M16/0497—Tube stabilizer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/32—General characteristics of the apparatus with radio-opaque indicia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/079—Auxiliary parts or inserts
    • B29C2949/08—Preforms made of several individual parts, e.g. by welding or gluing parts together
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/25—Solid
    • B29K2105/253—Preform
    • B29K2105/258—Tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/005—Hoses, i.e. flexible
    • B29L2023/007—Medical tubes other than catheters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor

Definitions

  • a cuff convoluted over only part of its length is provided on a tracheostomy tube, and alternative configurations of cuff of partially-convoluted form and involving cylindrical shoulders of different lengths, are used for endotracheal and tracheostomy tubes.
  • the cuff in each case is inflated from an air-line that includes a pilot balloon and is coupled into a passageway which is incorporated in the tube wall and which opens through the wall into the cuff.
  • This invention relates to medical or surgical devices, and in particular to such devices of the kind having an inflatable balloon or cuff for introduction into the body to effect a seal therein.
  • Medical or surgical devices of this kind are known in the treatment of humans and also animals, and commonly take the form of atube that is provided with an inflatable cuff encompassing a portion of its length. Examples of such tubes are to be found in the various forms of cuffed endotracheal tube that are commonly used in anaesthesia.
  • the tube in this case is for introduction into a patients trachea through the mouth or nose, and carries a cuff near the distal end so-that inflation causes the cuff to distend into contact with the tracheal wall and thereby effect sealing of the tube in the trachea.
  • Sirnilar practice applies in tracheostomy, but the cuffed tube used in this case is specially adapted for insertion into the trachea through a surgical opening in the patients neck.
  • the purpose of the seal provided with both the cuffed endotracheal and tracheostomy tubes is to ensure that all air or other gas administered to the patient is routed through the tube, and also to prevent mucous, vomit or other material from the upper respiratory tract, entering the lungs.
  • there is the risk ofinjury resulting from the inflation pressure exerted by the cuff on the tracheal wall in that blood-carrying capillaries in the wall may become occluded and this may lead to necrosis of the tracheal tissue.
  • the cuff used is generally of a uniform-cylindrical or barrel-shape configuration and contacts the tracheal wall over an area of such an extent that healing of the necrosis, by natural growth from adjacent undamaged areas and restoration of blood supply, is usually very slow.
  • the injury may, however, take the more serious form of stenosis, resulting from an invasion of the affected area by fibrous tissue, and relief of consequential tracheal-restriction may necessitate surgery.
  • a medical or surgical device having an inflatable balloon or cuff for introduction into the body to effect a seal therein, wherein the cuff presents a convoluted external surface when inflated so as to contact the body at discrete positions therein.
  • contact with the body is made only at the discrete positions so that the possibility of extended and unbroken areas of necrosis with the long recovery time required, is substantially reduced.
  • the balloon or cuff may have a wall of undulatory configuration, and may encompass a portion of a length of tubing, for example the tubing of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube of plastics or rubber. In these latter circumstances the cuff may have convolutions which each encircle the tubing and whichare spaced from one another axially of it. The cuff may be convoluted along the whole, or only a part, of its length.
  • FIG. I shows an endotracheal tube provided with a convoluted cuff, in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate respectively and for compari son purposes, the circumstances applicable to tracheal intubation of an endotracheal tube of the prior art and the endotracheal tube of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows a cuffed tracheostomy tube according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate two alternative configurations of cuff that are applicable to the endotracheal and tracheostomy tubes of FIGS. 1 and 4.
  • the endotracheal tube includes tubing 1 that is of constant bore or lumen 2 throughout its length and has abevelled, distal, tip -3.
  • An elongate cuff 4 encompasses a portion of the tubing 1 near the bevelled tip 3, being formed by a short length of convoluted sleeving of uniform wall thickness that is bonded or otherwise sealed at both ends to thetubing l.
  • the cuff 4 of regularly undulating external surface with circumferential crests 5 space axially from one another by the valley recesses,.provides a balloon of bellows-like configuration enclosing a portion of the tubing wall 8 around an opening 6 from a passageway 7.
  • the passageway 7, which runs lengthwise of the tube within the wall 8, is closed at the tip 3, and at some two-thirds of the length of the tubing 1 along from the tip 3 is in airtight communication with an external air-line 9 sealed into the wall 8.
  • Air to inflate the cuff 4 through the opening 6 from the passageway 7, is supplied to the air-line 9 via a standard coupling 10.
  • Supply of air to the air-line 9 in this way distends the convoluted cuff 4 to urge the smoothly-curved crests 5 into contact with the internal wall of the intubated patients trachea.
  • This contact establishes an effective labyrinth seal with occluded recesses intervening the crests 5, that withstands efficiently the ventilation pressure administered to the patient via the lumen 2, and blocks aspiration of pharyngeal secretions and any other material from his upper respiratory tract.
  • the cuff-inflation pressure is maintained using a stopper plug 111 inserted in the coupling 10 as shown, and
  • the convoluted cuff 4 of the endotracheal tube described above with reference to FIG. 1 contacts the wall or mucous membrane of the trachea in discrete bands rather than throughout the extended area characteristic of the known form of cuff with its uniformcylindrical or barrel-shape configuration.
  • the circumstances applicable to intubation using the barrel-shape configuration of cuff for example, are illustrated in FIG. 2, whereas those applicable to intubation using the convoluted cuff 4 of the present invention are illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the smooth barrel-shaped cuff 14 contacts the ciliated columnar epithelium E of the mucous membrane M of the trachea over a substantial unbroken area.
  • the pressure applied tends to occlude the mucosal capillaries C which pass from the submucous layer L through the longitudinallyextending elastic fibres F, and which serve to supply blood to the epithelium E at a pressure of between 12 and 30 millimetres of mercury.
  • the pressure of inflation for efficient sealing of the cuff 14 in the trachea exceeds the ventilation pressure which is commonly set at between l4 and I millimetres of mercury, but which may occasionally reach as high as 60 millimetres of mercury. Occlusion of the capillaries C with consequent necrosis, and possible stenosis, is therefore quite likely.
  • the curved tubing 21 of the tracheostomy tube is terminated proximally by a conventional chimney 22 and fixing-strap 23.
  • the cuff 24 encompasses a portion of the tubing 21 near the distal end 25 and is inflatable from an air-line 26 that includes a pilot balloon 27.
  • the air-line 26 is coupled at the chimney 22 into a passageway 28 that extends the length of the tubing 21 and is closed at the distal end 25.
  • the passageway 28 communicates with the interior of the cuff 24 via two openings 29 and 30 through the tubing wall.
  • the cuff 24 has two distinct proximal crests 31 and a narrow distal crest or rounded shoulder 32 that is of the same diameter as the two crests 31 and is smoothly contoured into a distal section 33 of conical form.
  • Contact with the trachea upon inflation of the cuff 24 is made at the shoulder 32 and the crests 31 so that any necrosis is consequently confined to just three spaced and narrow bands.
  • the likelihood of necrosis is reduced by the fact that the cuff 24 is formed of strong, but very thin, plastics material so as to have a normally floppy nature and enable full erection and efficient sealing to be achieved with,
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 Two modified configurations of floppy cuff that may alternatively be used in place of the cuff 24 of FIG. 4, or the cuff4 of FIG. 1, are illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • each of these alternative cuffs has three proximal convolution-crests 31 of equal diameter to one another and that of FIG. 6 incorporates an extended, cylindrical crest or shoulder 32 (of the same diameter) at its distal end.
  • the various convoluted cuffs illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 4 to 6 may be formed of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (or possibly polyurethane) by blow moulding.
  • a dipping process in which a suitablyshaped mandrel pre-heated to approximately 210C, is dipped into a paste of polyvinyl chloride, may be used.
  • the mandrel when coated with the paste, in the latter process is inserted in an oven at a temperature of some 280C for approximately 1 /2 to 2% minutes (depending on the cuff size), and is then allowed to cool to some lower temperature. at which the completed cuff can be rolled off ready for sealing to the main tubing.
  • This latter tubing may also be of polyvinyl chloride, and may be extruded to include radio-opaque material (conveniently confined to a longitudinal strip integral with the tubing wall) and an appropriate plasticizer to provide for slight softening at body temperature.
  • a medico-surgical device having an inflatable balloon cuff for introduction into the body to effect a seal therein
  • the cuff includes means for providing a convoluted external surface to the inflated cuff to restrict cuff contact with the body throughout said seal to discrete bands, the convolution of said external surface in said inflated cuff comprising a series of at least three mutually-spaced crest portions with intervening recess portions to provide said bands of contact occluding the intervening recesses from one another in the seal.
  • a device including a length of tubing, and wherein the cuff encompasses a portion of the tubing and has said crest portions spaced axially of the tubing from one another with each crest portion encircling the tubing.
  • a device wherein the tubing wall incorporates a passageway communicating with the interior of the cuff for inflation purposes.
  • An endotracheal tube comprising a length of tubing, a convoluted sleeve surrounding a portion of the tubing coaxially near one end of said tubing, said sleeve being sealed at both of its ends to said tubing to provide a balloon cuff encompassing said portion of the tubing with axially-spaced circumferential convolutions, and means coupled'to the interior of the cuff for conveying fluid to inflate the cuff, said cuff at least when inflated having by virtue of said convolutions a series of at least three circumferential outwardly-directed crest portions spaced axially from one another for contacting the tracheal wall in discrete bands.
  • one of said crest portions of said cuff comprises a cylindrical shoulder portion located beyond the others of said circumferential crest portions towards said one end of the tubing, and wherein the shoulder portion and the said others of said crest portions have substantially the same diameter as one another.
  • a tracheostomy tube comprising a curved length of tubing having a distal end for insertion into a patients trachea through the neck, attachment means coupled to the other, proximal end of the tubing for use in securing the tube externally at the patients neck, an inflatable cuff encompassing a portion of the tubing near the said distal end, and means coupled to the interior of the cuff for conveying air to inflate the cuff, said cuff having a convoluted wall surrounding said portion of the tubing and including a series of at least three axially-spaced circumferential crest portions for contacting the patients trachea at discrete positions to provide a labyrinth seal therewith when the cuff is inflated.
  • a tracheostomy tube according to claim 8 wherein the cufi wall includes a cylindrical shoulder portion and a plurality of narrow circumferential crests, said shoulder portion being located distally of the said narrow circumferential crests, and wherein the shoulder portion and the said narrow crests have substantially the same diameter as one another.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
US00290922A 1971-09-24 1972-09-21 Tubing Expired - Lifetime US3810474A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4463871A GB1402255A (en) 1971-09-24 1971-09-24 Medical or surgical devices of the kind having an inflatable balloon

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3810474A true US3810474A (en) 1974-05-14

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US00290922A Expired - Lifetime US3810474A (en) 1971-09-24 1972-09-21 Tubing

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US (1) US3810474A (forum.php)
CA (1) CA1000150A (forum.php)
DE (1) DE2246526C3 (forum.php)
DK (1) DK135564B (forum.php)
FI (1) FI58591C (forum.php)
FR (1) FR2153452B1 (forum.php)
GB (1) GB1402255A (forum.php)
NL (1) NL7212771A (forum.php)
SE (1) SE399644B (forum.php)

Cited By (86)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4150676A (en) * 1975-07-01 1979-04-24 National Catheter Corp. Endotracheal tubes with intubation direction control means
FR2429022A1 (fr) * 1978-06-19 1980-01-18 Matburn Holdings Ltd Catheter chirurgical
US4185638A (en) * 1975-06-30 1980-01-29 Sandoz, Inc. Pressure indicators for inflatable cuff-type catheters
US4235239A (en) * 1978-09-15 1980-11-25 Elam James O Cuffed endotrachael tube and method
US4266550A (en) * 1977-01-10 1981-05-12 Bruner James D Pressure indicators for inflatable cuff-type catheters
US4340046A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-07-20 Cox Everard F Static tracheostomy tube
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US4633864A (en) * 1984-10-22 1987-01-06 Dacomed Corporation Speaking endotracheal tube
US4685457A (en) * 1986-08-29 1987-08-11 Donenfeld Roger F Endotracheal tube and method of intubation
EP0339501A3 (de) * 1988-04-26 1990-08-22 Arturo Dr. Muti Bronchial Untersuchungskatheter
EP0409436A3 (en) * 1989-07-18 1991-07-03 Baxter International Inc. Catheter with heat-fused balloon with waist
US5285777A (en) * 1991-08-08 1994-02-15 Beckwith Wayne E Tracheostomy apparatus
US5322062A (en) * 1993-04-08 1994-06-21 Servas Francis M Non-inflatable sealing cuff for tracheal tube and other cannula
US5330345A (en) * 1992-07-16 1994-07-19 Sheridan Catheter Corp. Apparatus and method for continuously winding a length of material into a helical form
US5343859A (en) * 1993-06-17 1994-09-06 Puritan-Bennett Corporation Passenger oxygen mask having internal flow confirmation balloon
US5361754A (en) * 1993-01-25 1994-11-08 Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc. Apparatus and method for connecting a tracheostomy tube to a neckplate
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US5653230A (en) * 1996-01-19 1997-08-05 Cook Incorporated Percutaneous balloon dilational tracheostomy tube
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US20100307508A1 (en) * 2009-06-08 2010-12-09 Nellcor Puritan Bennett LLC. Endotracheal tube with dedicated evacuation port
US20100313896A1 (en) * 2006-09-29 2010-12-16 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Self-sizing adjustable endotracheal tube
US20100323048A1 (en) * 2009-06-22 2010-12-23 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Cuff for use with medical tubing and method and aparatus for making the same
US20110186052A1 (en) * 2010-02-01 2011-08-04 Orlando Morejon Cleaning assembly for an endotracheal tube
US20110197894A1 (en) * 2010-02-18 2011-08-18 Orlando Morejon Endotracheal tube cleaning apparatus
US8220462B2 (en) 2007-01-03 2012-07-17 Smiths Group Plc Cuffed medical tubes
US20120180787A1 (en) * 2011-01-19 2012-07-19 Cook Incorporated (d/b/a Cook Critical Care Incorporated) Percutaneous dilational device having balloon retention mechanism
US8307830B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2012-11-13 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Endotracheal cuff and technique for using the same
US20130047992A1 (en) * 2011-08-26 2013-02-28 Gon Hyung Kim Endotracheal tube comprising corrugated cuff
CN102949772A (zh) * 2011-08-26 2013-03-06 忠北大学校产学协力团 具有波纹形态气囊的气管导管
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SE399644B (sv) 1978-02-27
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CA1000150A (en) 1976-11-23
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FR2153452A1 (forum.php) 1973-05-04
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DK135564C (forum.php) 1977-10-31
FR2153452B1 (forum.php) 1978-01-06

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