US3786568A - Geometry apparatus - Google Patents

Geometry apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3786568A
US3786568A US00249028A US3786568DA US3786568A US 3786568 A US3786568 A US 3786568A US 00249028 A US00249028 A US 00249028A US 3786568D A US3786568D A US 3786568DA US 3786568 A US3786568 A US 3786568A
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United States
Prior art keywords
riders
plate
working area
recited
grooves
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00249028A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Schulte
U Hebel
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/02—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for mathematics
    • G09B23/04—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for mathematics for geometry, trigonometry, projection or perspective

Definitions

  • Another object of this invention is the provision of apparatus making it possible to vary all variables present in one problem in an infinitely variable manner and to show all functional connections.
  • a further object of the present invention is the provision of apparatus permitting the user to solve geometrical problems and the like by the trial-and-errror method without considerable work and the use of large amounts of paper.
  • distances, angles and areas can be defined by several threads crossing each other and their positions may be determined by the adjustment of the ends of the threads.
  • An especially secure and practical workmanship may be achieved by the use of elastic threads.
  • the apparatus for the execution of this procedure is mainly distinguished by a plate with a totally-enclosed, flat work area.
  • Guide tracks are positioned outside the work area. These guide tracks are run parallel or perpendicular to each other. Also, the guide tracks could be of circularor bow-shaped configuration and equipped with any number of riders sliding in the guide tracks on different sides of the work area, thus forming anchor points for one or more stretched threads.
  • the threads are made from elastic material, such as thin, round rubber threads.
  • the guide tracks of the plate are preferably formed, according to this invention, by bars running along the plate edge, by grooves, or by notches; the riders have supports fitting the shape of the guide tracks.
  • the guide tracks may also be formed by a permanent magnet or consist of magnetizable bars or strips, the riders having supports of permanent magnets or magnetizable material.
  • the riders along the guide tracks may be purposely made so that they are difficult to move and, for example, may fit with a clamping seat on the bars or in the grooves or notches.
  • the riders located on the side areas opposing each other are equipped with a plurality of grooves for guiding the threads and also are equipped with a hole in their center.
  • One end of the thread is placed in the hole and maintained there by a knot.
  • the thread may then, starting from the hole, be positioned selectively into one or the other of the guide grooves.
  • the guide grooves within the side areas of the riders are (at least on the side facing the working area) at the same elevation as the plane of the working area.
  • the base body and the cap of the rider consist of an elastic and wear-resistable material, such as polyamide.
  • a paper clamping device or a drafting machine is arranged or mounted at the side of the working area.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of apparatus constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention, showing a drawing sheet, equipped with pre-printed divisions and scales over which threads are stretched for the demonstration of mathematic-geometric problems,
  • FIG. 2 shows in an enlarged scale, a cross-section through the edge of the apparatus and the rider connected to it,
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of a modified form of the apparatus
  • FIG. 4 is a further enlarged longitudinal section of the rider shown in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 5 shows the rider of FIG. 2 in side view
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of the rider shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken on the line A-A in FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 8 shows a side view of another design of a rider
  • FIG. 9 is a longitudinal section view of the rider according to FIG. 8, and
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the same rider.
  • the geometric apparatus of the invention shows a plate 1 on which is positioned a paper sheet having divisions printed in millimeters and a circular section system, the sheet being kept in place by a paper clamping bar 2. Over the working area are stretched threads 3 made of strong, elastic, round rubber, their ends being corrected to riders 4. These riders 4 are movable mounted on bars 6 formed on the plate 1, the bars forming guide tracks for the riders and extending along the plate edges lain parallel or at right angles to each other.
  • the pattern pictured on the sheet of paper stretched over the plate 1 is an example of a graphic solution of an equation.
  • FIG. 2 shows the shape in profile of the riders 4 and the bars 6 which are arranged along the edges of the base plate I for support and guidance.
  • FIG. 3 Another profile shape of a rider 34 and the corresponding edge formation 35 and 36 of a plate 31 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • a groove 5 is formed in the upper side of the plate 1 in such a way that a bar 6 of a rectangular cross-section is formed on the upper side of the plate.
  • the dimensions of the fitted profiled riders 4 are of such a kind that they may be lightly clamped within the grooves 5 and the bars 6. The clamping action is assisted by tension in the threads 3.
  • the groove 5a is cut into the underside of the plate la from the edge, so that a laterallyextending bar 60 is formed holding the rider 4a.
  • Each rider made in such a way that is has open guide grooves 4b on both sides for threads 3.
  • the threads 3 have their ends pushed through the hole 4a and fastened by means of a knot 30 underneath.
  • the two side guide grooves 4b meet in the area of the penetrating hole on the upper side of rider 4, so that the thread 3 may be positioned into one or the other of the side guide grooves 4b.
  • the front end of the side guide groove 4b is located at the same height as the working area of the plate 1, so that the threads are placed close to the working area when the riders with their base parts are engaged with the grooves 5 or bars 6.
  • the design of a rider 14 shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 differs mainly from the ones shown in FIGS. 2 to 7 in that it has a base part 15 and a cap 16 interengaged with each other. Between these two parts is inserted the end of the thread 3 (before they are engaged with one another), so that the threads are clamped tightly after such engagement. Several thread ends can be clamped on one rider at the same time.
  • the base part of the rider has side grooves 17 with which mating parts 18 (arranged at the inside of the cap) are engaging.
  • the base part 15 and the cap 16 of the rider 14 are preferably formed of elastic and wear-resistant material, such as polyamide.
  • the base part 15 of the rider 14 is provided with such a conformation that it engages one side of the groove 5 at the upper side of the plate 1 and also surrounds the bar 6 with a clamping force. It has been found to be practical to equip the base part 15 (which engages the groove 5 on the upper side of the the plate 1) with an inside curvature 19 with which it comes into clamping contact during engagement with the bar 6 at its inside.
  • a slot 20 arranged at the side within cap 16 serves as a centering notch for the clamped rubber thread, which has it end clamped between the cap 16 and the base part 15. Side ribs 21 on the cap 16 increase the grip of the rider 14 during operation.
  • the plate can be made out of opaque materials for the student.
  • the plates may be made from transarent or from light-penetrating materials, so that they may be used, if necessary, in connection with a projector if the execution of a mathermaticgeometric experiment is to be shown to a number of pupils for follow-up of the experiment.
  • the rider 4 may be displaced selectively along the bars 6 and grooves 5 (designed as guide tracks) and, when required, may be displaced to any chosen guide track where they clamp themselves tightly in any desired position.
  • the threads 3 stretched between the riders four lines are created which run horizontally, vertically and with any slope.
  • mathematic experimental plate There are many uses for the mathematic experimental plate and it could be used, for example, to solve algebraic and geometric tasks by experiment and, thereafter, to show them on a drawing.
  • Apparatus for mathematic-geometric experimentation with variable straight lines, distances, angles, and areas in one plane comprising a. a flat plate having opposed peripheral edges and a flat working area on an upper surface,
  • the riders being equipped with grooves on opposing side surfaces for guiding the thread and having within the longitudinal plane a penetrating hole in which the end of the thread may be fastened by knotting, the thread from the penetrating hole being selectively positioned in one of the guide grooves.
  • clamp is a paper-clamping bar and is located at one side of the working area.
  • Apparatus for mathematic-geometric experimentation with variable straight lines, distances, angles, and areas in one plane comprising a. a flat plate having opposed peripheral edges and a flat working area on an upper surface,
  • a first and second rider movable along opposed edges of the plate, the riders consisting of a base body and an interlocking cap and between these two parts at least one threaded end which the body and cap may be tightly clamped together, and

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
US00249028A 1971-05-03 1972-05-01 Geometry apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3786568A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE7116996 1971-05-03
DE7127928 1971-06-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3786568A true US3786568A (en) 1974-01-22

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ID=25946765

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00249028A Expired - Lifetime US3786568A (en) 1971-05-03 1972-05-01 Geometry apparatus

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US (1) US3786568A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH545521A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2135611B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4408848A (en) * 1977-10-21 1983-10-11 Gast Fred C Apparatus for indicating a line and for producing and visually displaying an image of a line indicator
US4449304A (en) * 1983-01-24 1984-05-22 Binney & Smith Inc. Drawing instrument and locking apparatus therefor
US4798537A (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-01-17 Ragouzis Perry N Movable grid drawing frame
US6845565B2 (en) * 2001-12-20 2005-01-25 Jeanmarie Hajla Monitor device
US20150013176A1 (en) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 David Cunningham Adjustable Grid Drawing Frame

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US633263A (en) * 1898-02-11 1899-09-19 Daniel Grant Surveyor's instrument.
US1072908A (en) * 1912-09-05 1913-09-09 Pasquale Buda Method and apparatus for making patterns.
DE418959C (de) * 1923-11-15 1925-09-17 Heinrich Koenemann Dr Dichtung fuer elektrisch isolierte Einfuehrungen bei Vakuumgefaessen
CH145175A (de) * 1929-10-19 1931-02-15 Guyer Jean Instrument zum Visieren von Zeichnungsobjekten, sowie für geometrische Zwecke und für die geographische Richtungsbestimmung nach einer Landkarte.
US2446253A (en) * 1947-04-11 1948-08-03 Tresidder Herbert Eva Line holder
US2507460A (en) * 1946-10-03 1950-05-09 W M Welch Mfg Company Visual aid for mathematics
US2529413A (en) * 1948-04-13 1950-11-07 Benton C Petersen Artjopat designing board
US2585160A (en) * 1949-04-29 1952-02-12 John R Munn Bricklayer's guide
DE1102610B (de) * 1957-03-29 1961-03-16 Stefan H Hedrich Planbrett zum Markieren von Erdzielen und Sprengpunkten von Ortungsschuessen in einem Koordinatenplan

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US633263A (en) * 1898-02-11 1899-09-19 Daniel Grant Surveyor's instrument.
US1072908A (en) * 1912-09-05 1913-09-09 Pasquale Buda Method and apparatus for making patterns.
DE418959C (de) * 1923-11-15 1925-09-17 Heinrich Koenemann Dr Dichtung fuer elektrisch isolierte Einfuehrungen bei Vakuumgefaessen
CH145175A (de) * 1929-10-19 1931-02-15 Guyer Jean Instrument zum Visieren von Zeichnungsobjekten, sowie für geometrische Zwecke und für die geographische Richtungsbestimmung nach einer Landkarte.
US2507460A (en) * 1946-10-03 1950-05-09 W M Welch Mfg Company Visual aid for mathematics
US2446253A (en) * 1947-04-11 1948-08-03 Tresidder Herbert Eva Line holder
US2529413A (en) * 1948-04-13 1950-11-07 Benton C Petersen Artjopat designing board
US2585160A (en) * 1949-04-29 1952-02-12 John R Munn Bricklayer's guide
DE1102610B (de) * 1957-03-29 1961-03-16 Stefan H Hedrich Planbrett zum Markieren von Erdzielen und Sprengpunkten von Ortungsschuessen in einem Koordinatenplan

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4408848A (en) * 1977-10-21 1983-10-11 Gast Fred C Apparatus for indicating a line and for producing and visually displaying an image of a line indicator
US4449304A (en) * 1983-01-24 1984-05-22 Binney & Smith Inc. Drawing instrument and locking apparatus therefor
US4798537A (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-01-17 Ragouzis Perry N Movable grid drawing frame
US6845565B2 (en) * 2001-12-20 2005-01-25 Jeanmarie Hajla Monitor device
US20150013176A1 (en) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 David Cunningham Adjustable Grid Drawing Frame
US9440482B2 (en) * 2013-07-11 2016-09-13 David Cunningham Adjustable grid drawing frame

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH545521A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-31
FR2135611B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-13
FR2135611A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-12-22

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