US3753797A - Process for heat treatment of metallic strings for stringed instruments - Google Patents

Process for heat treatment of metallic strings for stringed instruments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3753797A
US3753797A US00165895A US3753797DA US3753797A US 3753797 A US3753797 A US 3753797A US 00165895 A US00165895 A US 00165895A US 3753797D A US3753797D A US 3753797DA US 3753797 A US3753797 A US 3753797A
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United States
Prior art keywords
string
piano
strings
heat treatment
tensile stress
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00165895A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Fukuda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kawai Musical Instrument Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Kawai Musical Instrument Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Kawai Musical Instrument Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Kawai Musical Instrument Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires

Definitions

  • The'piano stringthus obtained has a satisfactorytensile strength; If, however, the string is installed in'a piano under atensile stress of 100-180 kg/mmand is leftas is for a long period of time, the tensilestress is relievedto cause loweringof the musical tone or step thereof.
  • the upper portion'in FIG. l shows this condition. Namely, the change of themusical step of each stringtwo months after stringing-is shown therein. It will be-clear therefrom that the musical tone or step of each string is'lowered -30 percent from the initial musical step at the timeof stringing as shown byblack dots.- The average'thereof is about 1 8 percent, and eventhough considering.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a process for' heat treatment of a string wherebysthe internalresidual stress is removed'andthe lowering of the musical value is not brought about even over a long period of time after stringing.
  • the invention is characterized in that a metallic string obtained by-a wire drawing operation is heated.
  • FIG. 6 is a side elevational view, partly in crosssection, of another embodiment according to this invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the loweringof'the'toneof string E between 20-] ,000. hours isZO percent, while that of stringpA'is morexthanlO percent.
  • the string:.D. is especially excellent. Accordingly; retuning afterthe lasttuningstepis not required for-the. strings which have been treated accordingtotheinvenxtion.
  • FIG. 4 shows the relation.between the.treatmenttenfperature andthe degreeoflowering of themusical tone:- 20-1 ,000 hoursiafter stringing a string A""subjected to. no tension. stress and.strings.B",.C.”, D' subjectedto tension stressesv of I 42, 84 and 12.6 kglmm; respec tively.
  • the heat treatment temperature may be from. about l50 C to-about 400C'within thezrangezof. tensile stress'of$40-i00-kg/mm g I The. lower. portion in FIG.
  • a piano string treated in accordance with this invention has a very small degree of lowering of musical tone even over a long lapse of time after stringing in comparison with a conventional string. Consequently, the number of tuning steps required may be substantially decreased. Furthermore, the dispersion of the lowering degree is narrow and thus the tone can be maintained for a long time.
  • An oxide coating is formed on the surface of the string to prevent rusting thereof.
  • the process of the invention is effective not only for high carbon steel strings but also for stainless steel strings, phosphor bronze strings and others. Additionally, the strings of this invention are not limited to use in a piano but are applicable to any other stringed instruments.
  • FIG. shows the apparatus for effecting the process of the invention treatment.
  • a steel string a is fixed at one end to an electrically insulated clip la and passes over a guide roller 2 and is fixed at its other end to a clip lb mounted on a lever 5 supported at one end by an axle 3 and carrying a weight 4 at its other end. Consequently, a tensile stress is produced in string a by the weight 4.
  • Terminals 7 are connected to an electrical source 6 and are connected to string a at spaced locations thereon so that a predetermined electrical current flows through the string for apredetermined length of time under the control of a time-limit relay 8.
  • Numeral 9 denotes a voltage regulator and numeral 10 denotes a voltmeter.
  • Numeral ll designates a cover for the string a to permit the string to be heated uniformly while being isolated from air flow.
  • the string a can be a long continuous string as shown by dotted lines and it is moved step by step for each unit length of the final string to be obtained
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment wherein the string a is heated by electrical current flow in a condition in which the string has been actually strung in a piano.
  • a tuning pin 12 is driven in a wooden tuning pin plate 13 and thereby is electrically insulated from a sound plate 14 and a back 15, and is also insulated from a frame 16 by a bushing 17, the string a being strung between the foregoing tuning pin 12 and a hitch pin 18 while being subjected to a tensile stress of kg/cm.
  • An insulating material 20 is interposed between the string and a pillow 19 so that the string a becomes completely electrically isolated.
  • Numeral 2] denotes a bridge which is an electrical insulator. Terminals 7 connected to an electric source 6 are connected to both ends of the string a and a predetermined electrical current is passed therethrough for a predetermined length of time under the control of time-limit replay 8.
  • the string a which has an electrical resistance of 0.1 to 0.4 film is heated. The heating temperature thereof is set within the foregoing range of i50400C.
  • a process for heat treatment of a piano wire pro cuted of a wire from the class consisting of high carbon steels, stainless steels and phosphor bronze comprising heating said piano wire to a temperature of l50-400C which is lower than its annealing and softening temperature while simultaneously subjecting the piano wire to a tensile stress of 40-160 Kg/mm for a relatively short period of time so as to reduce the degree of tonal reduction of the piano wire to a value of no more than about 13 percent after about 2,000 hours after the piano wire has been strung in the instrument.
  • a process as claimed in claim 1 comprising mounting the string in the piano before it is heated under tensile stress.
  • a process as claimed in claim 4 comprising electrically isolating the string in said instrument.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
US00165895A 1970-07-27 1971-07-26 Process for heat treatment of metallic strings for stringed instruments Expired - Lifetime US3753797A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6587570 1970-07-27
JP2201171 1971-04-08

Publications (1)

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US3753797A true US3753797A (en) 1973-08-21

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US00165895A Expired - Lifetime US3753797A (en) 1970-07-27 1971-07-26 Process for heat treatment of metallic strings for stringed instruments

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3753797A (pt)
CA (1) CA948082A (pt)
DE (1) DE2137406A1 (pt)
GB (1) GB1353083A (pt)
SE (1) SE366343B (pt)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4066202A (en) * 1976-02-10 1978-01-03 N. V. Bekaert S. A. Method for making tubular welded wire screens
US6580021B2 (en) 1999-01-28 2003-06-17 Jonathan A. Barney Vibratory string for musical instrument
WO2007058611A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2007-05-24 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab String for musical instrument
US20080041213A1 (en) * 2006-08-21 2008-02-21 Jacob Richter Musical instrument string
CN105118478A (zh) * 2014-12-19 2015-12-02 李立群 琴弦的制备方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2281132A (en) * 1939-09-09 1942-04-28 Leonard A Young Method of wire drawing
US2932502A (en) * 1957-12-26 1960-04-12 Magnetic Heating Corp Apparatus for continuous heat treating of wire
US3068353A (en) * 1959-10-27 1962-12-11 Somerset Wire Company Ltd Method of and apparatus for processing wire particularly applicable to wire for pre-stressed concrete construction
US3196052A (en) * 1953-06-01 1965-07-20 Somerset Wire Company Ltd Prestressing wire and method of manufacturing the same
US3469829A (en) * 1966-06-16 1969-09-30 Nippon Kokan Kk Apparatus for producing wire of high tensile strength
US3580746A (en) * 1966-10-04 1971-05-25 Trefileries & Cableries De Bou Process for the modification of the mechanical characteristics of carbon steel wire

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2281132A (en) * 1939-09-09 1942-04-28 Leonard A Young Method of wire drawing
US3196052A (en) * 1953-06-01 1965-07-20 Somerset Wire Company Ltd Prestressing wire and method of manufacturing the same
US2932502A (en) * 1957-12-26 1960-04-12 Magnetic Heating Corp Apparatus for continuous heat treating of wire
US3068353A (en) * 1959-10-27 1962-12-11 Somerset Wire Company Ltd Method of and apparatus for processing wire particularly applicable to wire for pre-stressed concrete construction
US3469829A (en) * 1966-06-16 1969-09-30 Nippon Kokan Kk Apparatus for producing wire of high tensile strength
US3580746A (en) * 1966-10-04 1971-05-25 Trefileries & Cableries De Bou Process for the modification of the mechanical characteristics of carbon steel wire

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4066202A (en) * 1976-02-10 1978-01-03 N. V. Bekaert S. A. Method for making tubular welded wire screens
US6580021B2 (en) 1999-01-28 2003-06-17 Jonathan A. Barney Vibratory string for musical instrument
WO2007058611A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2007-05-24 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab String for musical instrument
JP2009516230A (ja) * 2005-11-16 2009-04-16 サンドビック インテレクチュアル プロパティー アクティエボラーグ 楽器用の弦
US20090217795A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2009-09-03 Sina Vosough String for Musical Instrument
US7781655B2 (en) * 2005-11-16 2010-08-24 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab String for musical instrument
US20080041213A1 (en) * 2006-08-21 2008-02-21 Jacob Richter Musical instrument string
US7589266B2 (en) 2006-08-21 2009-09-15 Zuli Holdings, Ltd. Musical instrument string
US20090272246A1 (en) * 2006-08-21 2009-11-05 Zuli Holdings Ltd. Musical instrument string
US8049088B2 (en) 2006-08-21 2011-11-01 Zuli Holdings, Ltd. Musical instrument string
CN105118478A (zh) * 2014-12-19 2015-12-02 李立群 琴弦的制备方法
CN105118478B (zh) * 2014-12-19 2018-08-28 吴娟 琴弦的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1353083A (en) 1974-05-15
CA948082A (en) 1974-05-28
SE366343B (pt) 1974-04-22
DE2137406A1 (de) 1972-02-03

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