US1171832A - Method of treating metals. - Google Patents
Method of treating metals. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1171832A US1171832A US75084413A US1913750844A US1171832A US 1171832 A US1171832 A US 1171832A US 75084413 A US75084413 A US 75084413A US 1913750844 A US1913750844 A US 1913750844A US 1171832 A US1171832 A US 1171832A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- treating metals
- magnetic field
- steel
- alternating current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
Definitions
- rnnnnmc L. msnor', 0F PITTSBURGH, rnunsnvam.
- 2 represents an alternating current generator whose leads are connected to the primary regulating transformer 3, the leads from the secondary of this transformer are connected to the terminals of coil 4 of bare copper wire, preferably wound around an asbestos cylinder 5 inclosing the bar of steel to be treated.
- This may, as in this example, be a round bar of steel, say one and a half inches in diameter.
- the copper Wire may have say 300 turns and be of No. 4 size and through it I pass an alternating current of say 50 amperes and preferably alternations per second.
- the metal bar is heated by the induced eddy currents therein, as well as acted on by the magnetic of the metal is uniform throughout and the action of the magnetic field in changing the structure is greatly hastened by the heating effect.
- This treatment is preferably continued; in the example just referred to, until the steel is brought to 'a temperature lower than that employed in the ordinary annealing of steel.
- the heating for which 900 C. is recommended for annealing I have found that the desired result is obtained by my process when a temperature of 750 to 800 C. is reached.
- I preferably surround the article and coil with non-heat conducting material, indicated at 6 in thedrawing, to prevent radiation and conduction of heat and make the method more economical.
- a bar of steel is to be hardened or tempered, it may be treated in the same manner as above described, the bar when it has reached the desired condition, as indicated by its magnetic properties or temperature, or both, being withdrawn and quenchd'or treated in the usual manner for hardening after which it may be returned to the apparatus for further treatment in tempering.
- the advantages of my invention result from the action of the magnetic field of an alternating current upon the metal. This action is found to change the grain or molecular structure of the metal in different ways depending upon how the current is applied. That is, by varying the amount of current, the number of alternations per sec- The bar is then slowly cooled by' 0nd, etc., the structure of the metal may be accurate regulation of the temperature by
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
WITNESSES INVENTOH Mal/m I K? W V f MA F. L. BISHOP. METHOD OF TREAT ING METALS. APPLICATION FILED FEB.26. 19I3.
1,171,832. Patented Feb. 15,1916.
rnnnnmc L. msnor', 0F PITTSBURGH, rnunsnvam.
METHOD OF TREATING METALS.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Feb. 15, 1916.
Application filed February, 1813. Serial Ito. 750,844.
To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, Fnnnuurc L. -BISI-I0, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Method of Treating Metals, of-
whieh the following is afull, clear, and exact description, reference being had 'to the accompanying drawings, in which the figure is a diagrammatic sectional side elevation showing one form of apparatus for carrying out my .invention.
Heretofore in changing the molecular structure or size of grain of metals, it has been customary to subject them to heat treatment of mechanical work, or both. Thus, it is well known that in annealing, tempering-and hardening processes the heating of the piece, especially beyond certain temperatures, produces a change in structure. Again, simple mechanical work in the way of forging, hammering, rolling, drawing, etc., is'known vto change the structure of the metal.
I have discovered that by subjecting metal to the action of the magnetic field of an alternating current either with or without heating of the metal, the structure or size of-grain of the metal may be altered.
In practice, I prefer to so apply the alternatlng current that the metal will be heated as well 'as subjected to its magnetic field, since the desired change in structure is much more rapidly produced.
Q My invention may be applied to any metal in a solid state and the method of applying the magnetic field of the alternating current may be widely varied without departing from my invention.
In the drawings, in which I show one form of apparatus for carrying out my process, 2 represents an alternating current generator whose leads are connected to the primary regulating transformer 3, the leads from the secondary of this transformer are connected to the terminals of coil 4 of bare copper wire, preferably wound around an asbestos cylinder 5 inclosing the bar of steel to be treated. This may, as in this example, be a round bar of steel, say one and a half inches in diameter. The copper Wire may have say 300 turns and be of No. 4 size and through it I pass an alternating current of say 50 amperes and preferably alternations per second. In thiscase the metal bar is heated by the induced eddy currents therein, as well as acted on by the magnetic of the metal is uniform throughout and the action of the magnetic field in changing the structure is greatly hastened by the heating effect. This treatment is preferably continued; in the example just referred to, until the steel is brought to 'a temperature lower than that employed in the ordinary annealing of steel. Forexample, on a steel Under these conditions, the heating for which 900 C. is recommended for annealing, I have found that the desired result is obtained by my process when a temperature of 750 to 800 C. is reached. The
rate. of rise in temperature is, of course,
off the current.
I preferably surround the article and coil with non-heat conducting material, indicated at 6 in thedrawing, to prevent radiation and conduction of heat and make the method more economical.
If a bar of steel is to be hardened or tempered, it may be treated in the same manner as above described, the bar when it has reached the desired condition, as indicated by its magnetic properties or temperature, or both, being withdrawn and quenchd'or treated in the usual manner for hardening after which it may be returned to the apparatus for further treatment in tempering.
It will be noted that my method is not for mere electrical heating. The desirable effect is obtained not by heating alone, but by the action of the magnetic field of the alternating current onthe molecular structure of the metal being treated.
The advantages of my invention result from the action of the magnetic field of an alternating current upon the metal. This action is found to change the grain or molecular structure of the metal in different ways depending upon how the current is applied. That is, by varying the amount of current, the number of alternations per sec- The bar is then slowly cooled by' 0nd, etc., the structure of the metal may be accurate regulation of the temperature by
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US75084413A US1171832A (en) | 1913-02-26 | 1913-02-26 | Method of treating metals. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US75084413A US1171832A (en) | 1913-02-26 | 1913-02-26 | Method of treating metals. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US1171832A true US1171832A (en) | 1916-02-15 |
Family
ID=3239843
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US75084413A Expired - Lifetime US1171832A (en) | 1913-02-26 | 1913-02-26 | Method of treating metals. |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2446202A (en) * | 1941-09-24 | 1948-08-03 | Vang Alfred | Induction heat-treatment |
US3188248A (en) * | 1960-10-28 | 1965-06-08 | Iii William I Bassett | Method of effecting an austenite to martensite transformation in a sustained intensity magnetic field |
US3461002A (en) * | 1966-06-20 | 1969-08-12 | Gen Motors Corp | Heat treatment of ferrous base alloys |
US4486249A (en) * | 1982-07-09 | 1984-12-04 | Woodings Robert T | Method of making class D sucker rods |
WO1989002483A1 (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1989-03-23 | Giancola Dominic J | Process embodiments for improving the electrical properties of conductors |
-
1913
- 1913-02-26 US US75084413A patent/US1171832A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2446202A (en) * | 1941-09-24 | 1948-08-03 | Vang Alfred | Induction heat-treatment |
US3188248A (en) * | 1960-10-28 | 1965-06-08 | Iii William I Bassett | Method of effecting an austenite to martensite transformation in a sustained intensity magnetic field |
US3461002A (en) * | 1966-06-20 | 1969-08-12 | Gen Motors Corp | Heat treatment of ferrous base alloys |
US4486249A (en) * | 1982-07-09 | 1984-12-04 | Woodings Robert T | Method of making class D sucker rods |
WO1989002483A1 (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1989-03-23 | Giancola Dominic J | Process embodiments for improving the electrical properties of conductors |
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